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20 April 2024 - Year XXVIII
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXIV - Number 12/2006 - DECEMBER 2006

Legislazione

Lo ESC ottiene l'abrogazione del regolamento 4056/86

Lo ESC (Consiglio dei Caricatori Europei) ha infine vinto la sua lunga e risalente battaglia ai fini dell'abrogazione del regolamento 4056/86 in seno all'Unione Europea. La decisione, che rappresenta una pietra miliare, presa dal Consiglio per la Concorrenza dell'Unione Europea alla fine di settembre, porrà fine al diritto automatico delle conferenze di linea di fissare i prezzi delle tariffe e di regolare la capacità delle navi a partire dall'ottobre 2008.

Lo ESC ha accolto la decisione a braccia aperte. Anche il GSF (Forum dei Caricatori Globali) - che è stato recentemente istituito affinché fungesse da organizzazione-ombrello per le associazioni dei caricatori di tutto il mondo - ha accolto favorevolmente il verdetto.

Afferma il GSF: "Applaudiamo questa decisione. Essa inaugura un nuovo scenario che creerà nuove relazioni economiche tra tutti coloro che sono interessati ai trasporti. Questo nuovo scenario assicurerà vantaggi non solo per questi ultimi, ma, quel che più conta, per i consumatori di tutto il mondo".

Chris Bourne, direttore della ELAA (Associazione Europea per gli Affari di Linea) ha dichiarato: "La decisione non rappresenta una sorpresa per noi. Ciò che adesso importa è che il sistema delle conferenze venga sostituito da qualcosa che consenta al settore della navigazione di linea di andare avanti correttamente, piuttosto che degenerare in una situazione da "liberi tutti" che comporti effetti negativi sulla qualità del servizio".

Da allora, la Commissione Europea ha fatto circolare una pubblicazione relativa a ciò che secondo le proposte della ELAA dovrebbe sostituire il sistema delle conferenze. In sostanza, la ELAA vorrebbe ancora che la Commissione Europea fosse d'accordo sulla istituzione di una organizzazione dei traffici marittimi cui venisse consentito di raccogliere i dati storici che possano interessare il settore di linea.

Alle parti interessate è stato domandato di inoltrare - per posta normale ovvero elettronica all'indirizzo comp-d2-review4056@ec.europa.eu - le proprie opinioni in ordine ai commenti della Commissione Europea sulle diverse parti della proposta della ELAA entro il 31 ottobre 2006.

Il tono generale dei commenti della Commissione Europea non sembrano incoraggianti per i vettori marittimi. Come riassume Matthew Levitt, socio dello studio legale Lovells, che rappresenta il TACA (Accordo Vettori Conferenze Transatlantico), la Commissione Europea sembrerebbe nutrire preoccupazioni sulle seguenti parti della proposta della ELAA:

  • previsioni con capacità di guardare lontano sulla base dei traffici;
  • un indice dei dati sulle fluttuazioni valutarie;
  • discussioni limitate ai vettori (sui dati pubblicati).

Sembra altresì che essa abbia possibili preoccupazioni in relazione a:

  • dati sui volumi da porto a porto;
  • dati sull'utilizzazione della capacità storica (delle navi);
  • dati sull'indice dei prezzi;
  • fattori di costo terminalistici.

La Commissione Europea sembra essere stata incoraggiata dalle obiezioni sollevate contro le proposte della ELAA dallo ESC, che ancora sostiene recisamente che ai vettori marittimi dovrebbe essere consentito solamente di competere in uno scenario di mercato libero per tutti.

Alla richiesta di commentare questa situazione, Bourne ha dichiarato: "Non possiamo ignorare le sue opinioni, né lo faremo, ma ci chiediamo proprio chi al momento lo ESC rappresenti. Non rappresenta i caricatori tedeschi né le agenzie di logistica europee, né sembra che rappresenti l'opinione di molti caricatori con cui parliamo direttamente".

La ELAA, pertanto, sta attualmente svolgendo un'indagine per proprio conto allo scopo di accertare le opinioni dei caricatori e si aspetta di poterne pubblicare presto i risultati.

Non è ancora chiaro quanto tempo ci vorrà alla Commissione Europea per esaminare tutte le risposte prima di poter circolarizzare le proprie conclusioni. Per il momento, si è solamente impegnata a produrre le linee-guida rispetto a quali informazioni possano essere scambiate tra i vettori a partire dal 18 ottobre 2008. Chiaramente, peraltro, occorre che molte cose accadano prima di allora.

Nel frattempo, la Commissione Europea ha dichiarato che intende cercare di convincere altre giurisdizioni ad abrogare allo stesso modo le esenzioni antitrust delle conferenze di linea. Essa, però, incontra molte difficoltà al riguardo, non ultimo perché Australia, Singapore e Giappone hanno recentemente riappoggiato il proprio supporto al sistema delle conferenze e gli Stati Uniti non hanno programmi nell'immediato per quanto attiene la revisione della propria normativa OSRA (legge di riforma del trasporto marittimo) che era stata emanata solo nel 1998.

A meno che questi paesi possano essere persuasi ad adeguarsi, alle conferenze sarà ancora consentito di produrre polizze di carico nei paesi non europei in cui siano impegnate. Non è chiaro quale sarà la giurisdizione della Commissione Europea sui traffici non europei trasbordati in un porto europeo. Nei casi estremi, i vettori marittimi potrebbero, presumibilmente, servirsi di tale corsia preferenziale allo scopo di perpetuare alcune delle prassi che l'Unione Europea è così desiderosa di eliminare.
(da: Containerisation International, novembre 2006, pag. 26)




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››› Meetings File
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