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26 April 2024 - Year XXVIII
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 6/2008 - JUNE 2008

Legislazione

I vettori marittimi ed il nuovo scenario europeo anti-trust

Nel mese di febbraio del 2006, un gran numero di vettori aerei in Europa, negli Stati Uniti ed in Asia ricevettero visite sgradite da parte della Commissione Europea, del Dipartimento della Giustizia e dal FBI degli Stati Uniti, nonché dalla Commissione sudcoreana sulla concorrenza commerciale leale.

Lo scopo delle irruzioni coordinate era quello di portare alla luce le prove inerenti al sospetto di iniziative di cartello nel settore del trasporto merci aereo.

Le indagini nel settore del trasporto merci aereo rappresentano un importante promemoria sullo scenario normativo inerente alla concorrenza di cui le linee di navigazione dovranno tener conto a partire dal prossimo mese di ottobre, allorquando verrà abolita l'immunità anti-trust per le conferenze di linea marittima nell'Unione Europea.

Ciò, peraltro, non sta a significare che qualsiasi forma di cooperazione fra concorrenti comporterà tremende conseguenze.

Il settore, infatti, sotto gli auspici dell'Associazione Europea Affari di Linea, si è impegnato in approfondite discussioni con la Commissione Europea allo scopo di garantirsi un sistema di scambio di informazioni che sia compatibile con la normativa sulla concorrenza.

Le linee-guida della Commissione Europea di prossima pubblicazione sull'applicazione della normativa sulla concorrenza con riferimento al settore marittimo faranno ulteriore luce sull'argomento.

Tuttavia, è importante essere vigili sui limiti posti dalla normativa sulla concorrenza per far sì che la cooperazione legale fra soggetti del mercato che comporta servizi sia più numerosi che migliori per i clienti non oltrepassi i limiti trasformandosi in comportamenti illegali di cartello, assoggettando così i vettori marittimi ad indagini approfondite e costose in termini sia di denaro che di tempo.

Coloro che sono addetti a far rispettare le regole vigileranno con molta attenzione.

Nel caso dei vettori aerei, le autorità avevano ricevuto informazioni - da quel che si dice, da un vettore che collaborava con le autorità ai sensi dei cosiddetti programmi di clemenza od amnistia - secondo cui alcune società stavano colludendo in ordine all'applicazione di sovrapprezzi, come quelli che bilanciavano l'aumento dei prezzi del carburante, le misure di sicurezza ed i premi assicurativi.

Le potenziali conseguenze sarebbero gravi.

La British Airways e la Korean Air hanno già concordato il pagamento di multe di 200 milioni di dollari USA ciascuna nell'ambito dei procedimenti statunitensi, e si trattava solo dell'inizio.

Numerose indagini in diversi mercati e le conseguenti cause da parte dei clienti per danni rischiano di causare guai ancora maggiori alle già finanziariamente disastrate linee aeree.

Al centro delle indagini delle autorità sulla concorrenza vi sono i sospetti sul fatto che le società in questione abbiano coordinato l'introduzione, il metodo di calcolo e la programmazione dei tempi dei conseguenti incrementi e decrementi di tali sovrapprezzi.

Subito dopo divenuta pubblica la notizia secondo cui gli uffici dei vettori aerei di merci erano stati visitati per sospetta "cartellizzazione" dei sovrapprezzi sui carichi, i caricatori di tutto il mondo diedero il via ad azioni legali contro le linee aeree, reclamando la compensazione per i danni sofferti in conseguenza delle presunte attività illegali di coordinamento dei prezzi.

In via di principio, la normativa sulla concorrenza dell'Unione Europea proibisce gli accordi che abbiano quale proprio obiettivo qualsivoglia limitazione della concorrenza (come la fissazione di prezzi) o abbiano un effetto restrittivo, anche se l'obiettivo dell'accordo sia del tutto legittimo.

Tuttavia, come avviene per tutti i principi, esistono delle eccezioni.

In particolare, un accordo che non sia mirato a limitare la concorrenza ma abbia un effetto restrittivo può sfuggire al divieto se si può dimostrare che esso induca importanti vantaggi per il cliente, come nel caso di nuovi, maggiori o migliori servizi che non possano essere offerti in mancanza dell'accordo.

Nondimeno, non era questo il caso degli accordi illegali che secondo le competenti autorità esistevano nel settore del trasporto aereo di merci, dove l'obiettivo era quello di coordinare i sovrapprezzi allo scopo di evitare che i vettori vendessero reciprocamente sottoprezzo in quel campo.

Pertanto, che cosa può apprendere il settore della navigazione di linea dalle indagini in corso?

La risposta può essere così riassunta:

  • la proibizione della fissazione dei prezzi fra concorrenti non si riferisce solo alle tariffe di nolo vere e proprie, ma copre anche tutte le altre componenti che fanno il prezzo complessivo, come i CAF, BAF e THC;
  • non è necessario alcun accordo scritto e nemmeno orale in relazione ai comportamenti che possono ricadere sotto la scure della Commissione Europea; è sufficiente una semplice intesa;
  • lo scambio di informazioni è spesso una parte-chiave delle operazioni di qualsiasi cartello; ovviamente, lo scambio di informazioni sensibili per le attività o di informazioni riservate è chiaramente anticoncorrenziale, poiché si tratta di informazioni che un soggetto del mercato non vorrebbe che i suoi concorrenti avessero in circostanze normali.

    Lo scopo di tale scambio è, perciò, quasi certamente quello di consentire che il concorrente adatti il proprio comportamento concorrenziale nel mercato in modo che sia reciprocamente vantaggioso;
  • lo scambio di informazioni pubbliche così come proposto dai vettori marittimi appartenenti all'Associazione Europea Affari di Linea, al contrario, è in via di principio consentito ai sensi della normativa sulla concorrenza, a meno che non faccia parte di un più ampio accordo anticoncorrenza.

    Questo caso mostra come le modifiche normative debbano essere attentamente implementate a tutti i livelli di una società, per timore che ci sia il grosso rischio che uno o pochi "peccatori" finiscano per coinvolgere l'intera società;
  • infine, una società scoperta a partecipare ad un cartello illegale può essere assoggettata a multe di importo rilevante, sino al 10% del proprio fatturato globale nella sola Unione Europea.
Tuttavia, le conseguenze di un coinvolgimento in attività di cartello non finiscono qui.

Un verdetto di condanna per attività di cartello invariabilmente inducono a liti con i clienti che reclamano indennità per i danni subiti in conseguenza del comportamento illegale.

L'eliminazione dei cartelli riceve particolare attenzione da parte delle autorità per la concorrenza di tutto il mondo; esse collaborano allo scopo di portare alla luce gli accordi collusivi in modo sempre più professionale - alcuni direbbero aggressivo - al fine di conseguire la propria meta comune.

I programmi di clemenza, ai sensi dei quali al primo membro di un cartello che avvisa le autorità dell'esistenza del cartello medesimo viene concessa l'immunità dalle sanzioni, si sono dimostrati strumenti assai efficaci ai fini della scoperta delle attività di cartello.

Ed una volta che le attività di cartello in un determinato settore sono giunte all'attenzione delle autorità, è probabile che queste ultime mantengano sotto stretto controllo il settore medesimo.
(da: Containerisation International, maggio 2008, pag. 37)


FROM THE HOME PAGE
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Livorno
Last year the number of port workers in Livorno and Piombino decreased by 46 units by falling to 1,767, of which 1,499 were operating (1,632 in 2022) and 268 administrative (181)
The MSC Group presents an offer to buy the Gram Car Carriers, the world's third largest carrier in the PCTC segment
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At the construction site Fincantieri in Marghera the varo of the Norwegian cruise ship Norwegian Aqua
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Paolo Guidi has been named general manager of CMA CGM Italy
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Marseille
The first May will take over in Romain Vigneaux
HHLA will acquire 51% of the capital of Austrian intermodal transport company Roland Spedition
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Hamburg
Its network connects ports in Hamburg, Antwerp, Bremerhaven, Koper, Rotterdam and Trieste.
Kuehne + Nagel's downward trend in economic performance continues.
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Schindellegi
In growth the handling of volumes of sea and air shipments
ESPO points out issues to be addressed in order to enable European ports to face the next challenges
Brussels
Memorandum in view of the European elections in June
The Port of Barcelona has established new historical records of monthly and quarterly container traffic
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As of March 2024, 348mila teu (+ 34.3%) were handled, of which 154mila in transshipment (+ 63.9%) and 194mila in import-export (+ 17.4%)
Fincantieri has delivered the new cruise ship Queen Anne to Cunard
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Concordate with Princess Cruises the postponement of the delivery of the Star Princess
Le Aziende informano
Protocollo d'intesa tra l'Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mare di Sicilia Occidentale e l'Escola Europea di Intermodal Transport
International shipping associations call for help at U.N. to protect shipping
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Solicited a greater military presence, missions and patrols. The world-they write in a letter to Guterres-would be outraged if four airliners were seized.
In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
The Cairo
Net tonnage of the naviglio down -59.8% percent. Drastic reduction of -53% of the value of transit fees
The World Shipping Council points to the EU the way to support the economy and trade
In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
Brønnøysund / Gursken
Order of Torghatten company at the shipyard Myklebust
The freight traffic in the port of Rotterdam in the first quarter was down by -1.4% percent.  Increase of containers
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Rotterdam
Strong increase (+ 29.0%) of feeder ships departing from the Dutch stopover to the Mediterranean ports
In the first three months of 2024, freight traffic in Russian ports fell by -3.3% percent.
St. Petersburg
Drastic reduction of passenger traffic in the Crimean port scans
In the first three months of 2024, freight traffic in Russian ports fell by -3.3% percent.
Tytgat (SEA Europe) : A European maritime industrial strategy is urgently needed
Brussels
Round table with representatives of the institutions of the European Union
Joe Kramek will be the next president and CEO of the World Shipping Council
Joe Kramek will be the next president and CEO of the World Shipping Council
Washington / Brussels/London / Singapore
He will retire at the end of July in Butler when the latter is retiring.
In the first quarter of this year the traffic of goods in the port of Antwerp-Zeebrugge grew by 2.4%
In the first quarter of this year the traffic of goods in the port of Antwerp-Zeebrugge grew by 2.4%
Anverse
On the increase the containers. Decrease in other loads. Belgian, Dutch and German ports urge European governments to ensure that industries remain in Europe
Partnership of HD Hyundai Heavy Industries and Anduril Industries in the Field of Maritime Defense
Orange County / Seoul
Envisage the design, development and production of new types of autonomous naval systems
d' Friend International Shipping orders two new tankers LR1
Luxembourg
Commits to China's shipyard Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding Co.
Global Infrastructure Partners waives to acquire 49% percent of Malaysian MMC Port Holdings
New York
CMA CGM Air Cargo announces its first transpacific line
Marseille
Three aircraft will be taken over between summer and early next year.
In 2023 new annual historical record of maritime traffic in the Stories of Malacca and Singapore
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Seoul
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The construction of the new Venetian container terminal in Porto Marghera is being carried out.
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The French Senate has approved a bill to limit the right to strike in transport
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Recrudescence of Somali piracy
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Rome
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Grimaldi has taken delivery of the multipurpose ro-ro Great Abidjan
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Approved the consuntive budget 2023 of the AdSP of the Sardinia Sea
Cagliari
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Grimaldi consolidates its presence in China with new headquarters in Shanghai
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Genoa
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First plant for the distribution of LNG and GNC to vehicles in the port of La Spezia
The Spezia
It has been installed in Stagnoni locations
Agreement between MSC, MSC Foundation and Mercy Ships for the construction of a new hospital ship
Geneva / Lindale
Tomorrow in Livorno a conference on the history of the city port
Livorno
It will be talked about architecture, trade and politics between the XVI and the twentieth century
Agreement Assshipowners-ITS Academy G. Caboto for training in the maritime, port and logistics sectors
Rome
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
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- country
- geographical areas
In the first quarter of 2024, the port of Algeciras handled 1.2 million containers (+ 8.1%)
Algeciras
The traffic in overall goods increased by 3.3%
In the first three months of this year in Valencia, container port traffic grew by 12.1% percent.
Valencia
In March, the increase was 15.7% percent.
The Spezia and Carrara try to break down the bell towers and solicit cooperation at the ports of Genoa and Savona
The Spezia
Switzerland and Switzerland cut trade between Italy and Switzerland.
Bern
In the first three months of the 2024 decline in Swiss exports. Stable imports
Port of Naples, striking of the fast ferry Island of Procida against a quay
Naples
About thirty minor injuries among passengers
Summoned for April 23 a meeting at MIT on former TCT port workers
Taranto
The unions had requested clarification on the future of the 330 members of the Taranto Port Workers Agency.
The outer Levant dock of the Arbatax port has returned fully operational
Cagliari
In August 2020 he had been shouted by the ferry "Bithia"
The Port of Los Angeles closed the first quarter with a 29.6% percent growth in container traffic
Los Angeles
Expected a continuation of the positive trend
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Zurich
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Salerno
USB Mare and Porti, what's going on in the port of Salerno is the result of pressure from shipowners
Euronav sells its own ship management company to Anglo-Eastern
Antwerp / Hong Kong
Manages the fleet of tanker ships of the Antwerp company
Genoa Shipbuilding Industries has acquired a submersible barge of the cargo capacity of 14,000 tonnes
Genoa
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Venice Cold Stores & Logistics obtains the qualification of tax warehouse for wines and sparkling
Venice
Extension of the services offered to companies in the wine sector
Gasparate urges to exempt property of interports from payment of the Imu
Nola
President of the Union Interports Reunited warned that with the PNRR construction sites the railway intermodality is at risk
Hapag-Lloyd plans future investments to expand business in the terminal and intermode sectors
Hamburg
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Vancouver
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In the first quarter of this year, container traffic in the port of Long Beach increased by 16.4%
Long Beach
In March, the increase was 8.3% percent.
Delivery of the work of consolidation of the foranea dam of the port of Catania
Catania
Procurement of the value of 75 million euros
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Tomorrow in Livorno a conference on the history of the city port
Livorno
It will be talked about architecture, trade and politics between the XVI and the twentieth century
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'
(Reuters)
Le transport maritime national navigue à vue
(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
Roma, 27 ottobre 2023
››› File
Plan to improve in Genoa and Savona the rail links with cruise terminals and airport
Genoa
It was presented today in the Ligurian capital
From 10 to May 12 at Spezia will be held "DePortibus-The festival of ports that connect the world"
The Spezia
The programme provides for technical events and cultural proposals
Three new STS cranes have arrived in the Kenyan port of Lamu.
Mombasa
They will be able to work on container ships of the capacity of over 18mila teu
One hundred new IVECO trucks powered by HVO in the Smet fleet
Turin
They will be taken over in the course of this year
In the first three months of this year, goods transported by rail between China and Europe increased by 10% percent.
Beijing
Operated 4,541 trains (+ 9%)
In the first quarter of 2024, container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by -2.3%
Hong Kong
In March, the decline was -10.6% percent.
The regasification terminal FSRU Toscana left Livorno direct to Genoa
Livorno
In the Ligurian scalp and then in Marseille maintenance interventions will be carried out
Confirmed to Tugchiers Meeting Port of Genoa the granting of trailer services in the port of Genoa
Genoa
Planned investment of 35 million euros to renovate fleet
In the first quarter of 2024, OOIL revenues decreased by -9.0%
Hong Kong
Containers carried by the OOCL fleet increased by 3.4%
Mattioli (Federation of the Sea) relaunches the propulsive role of maritime clusters
Rome
Today, the National Sea Day and the marinara culture are celebrated
In the first quarter of 2024, the revenues of Yang Ming and WHL grew by 18.5% and 8.1%
Keelung / Taipei
In March the increments were equal to 20.3% and 8.6%
In 2023 the freight traffic handled by the State Railways Group fell by -2.0%
Rome
The Logistics Pole posted a net loss of -80 million euros, up 63 million euros.
Port of Genoa, inaugurated new rooms of Stella Maris at Maritime stations
Genoa
They are intended for the welfare and socialization of seafarers in transit in the Superba
Germany's Dachser has acquired the compatriate Brummer Logistik
Kempten
The company specializes in the logistics of perishable products
In the first quarter of 2024, Evergreen's revenues increased by 32.6% percent.
Taipei
In March, the increase was 36.5% percent.
Cooperation pact between the associations of the ports and ferry companies of Greece
The Piraeus
Among the activities, make sure that port benches are adequate for new naval technologies
In 2023 the traffic in goods at ports in Lazio fell by -5.7% percent. Record of cruises
Cyvitavecchia
Passenger of line services growing by 10.0%
RINA will collaborate on the sustainable development of ports and shipping of Indonesia
Genoa
Contract with the World Bank
In Udine the Officine Rotable Maintenance of FVG Rail has been equipped with a lawn back in fossa
Procedure
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