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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVI - Number 1/98 - JANUARY 1998

Progress and Technology

In arrivo le mega-portacontainers

Nello scorso mese di novembre sono stati pubblicati i risultati di un progetto di ricerca - durato 18 mesi - sponsorizzato dal governo tedesco, alla luce dei quali si prevede il probabile sviluppo del trasporto mondiale di contenitori in termini economici, logistici, tecnologici e di attrezzature.

Il fattore-chiave che emerge dallo studio consiste nel fatto che le economie di scala prevarranno nel trasporto containerizzato così come è già avvenuto in altri campi del trasporto. Il settore in questione sta rapidamente passando all'era delle mega-navi da più di 8.000 TEU dal momento che gli armatori si sforzano di ridurre i costi per TEU. Esse verranno supportate da veloci navi feeder ro-ro e da naviglio idroviario interno, nonché da porti-nodo containerizzati di proporzioni gigantesche. Ciò accadrà molto prima che molta gente se ne possa rendere conto.

Come in altri settori dell'industria, il "gigantismo" è guidato dall'economia e può porre una moltitudine di nuovi problemi. Tuttavia, il fenomeno citato è inevitabile e finirà per razionalizzarsi in termini di scala e di dimensioni. Lo sviluppo del settore del trasporto containerizzato richiederà enormi investimenti che, nel caso delle navi, potranno essere sostenuti solo nell'eventualità di fusioni tra armatori laddove siano conseguibili economie di scala. Le portacontenitori da 8.000 TEU, la prima delle quali dovrebbe entrare in servizio entro il 2000, costeranno 110-120 milioni di dollari USA ciascuna. Parimenti, porti quali Singapore, Hong Kong, Busan, Kaohsiung ed Amburgo stanno spendendo notevoli somme nella battaglia per assicurarsi la condizione di terminali-nodo.

Ovviamente, tutto ciò comporta dei rischi - come accade in qualsiasi altra attività imprenditoriale - il più grosso dei quali è quello dell'eccesso di capacità. A tale riguardo, le previsioni parlano di una crescita significativa dei volumi mondiali di traffici trasportati a mezzo container. Ad esempio, nel contesto di una recente indagine, la Ocean Shipping Consultants prevede che i volumi containerizzati mondiali possano aumentare del 40% sino a 220 milioni di TEU tra il 1996 ed il 2000, raggiungendo poi i 300-342 milioni di TEU nel 2005 ed i 407-525 milioni di TEU nel 2010.

Esplosione cinese

Lo sviluppo più rapido avverrà in Asia, laddove i volumi containerizzati hanno fatto registrare un incremento di più di sei volte dal 1980 al 1996, fino a 69,3 milioni di TEU. Ciò rappresenta il 44 per cento del totale mondiale. Sviluppi significativi sono probabili in Cina, dove la GL (Germanischer Lloyd) sta provvedendo alla classificazione della maggior parte del programma di nuove costruzioni di portacontainers in rapida crescita. Di pari passo con l'espansione dell'economia industriale di quell'enorme Paese, la sua estesa linea costiera, pari a 3.000 km, ed i fiumi giganti quale lo Yangtze, con 2.000 km di idrovie, costituiranno territorio fertile per la realizzazione di nuovi scali nodo e feeder, nonché per la costruzione di una nuova stirpe di veloci navi di raccordo e di naviglio destinato al trasporto fluviale.

Le prime portacontainers di linea da 8.000 TEU saranno operative sulle rotte Europa-Estremo Oriente ed entro il 2010 tali navi diventeranno comuni nei servizi a lungo raggio. Le loro dimensioni saranno pari a qualcosa come 325 metri di lunghezza, 47 metri di larghezza e 14 metri di pescaggio. La spinta verrà fornita da uno dei due più grossi modelli di motori diesel attualmente sul mercato: un MAN B&V 12K98MC-C ovvero un Sulzer 12RTA96C; entrambi, esprimono una potenza di circa 67.000-68.000 kW. Lo scafo di base è attualmente in fase di realizzazione ad opera di un'associazione in collaborazione tra la HDV (Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG) e la Hamburg Ship Model Basin. La HDW ha progettato la struttura della nave tenendo presente anche il risparmio in termini di pesi e di costi, che costituiscono il punto di partenza per i calcoli sulla robustezza elaborati dalla GL. Le navi grosse e relativamente lente oggi costituiscono i mezzi più economici di trasporto marittimo. Sopra i 26 nodi l'investimento ed i costi del carburante aumentano in misura significativa. Tuttavia, al fine di conservare i requisiti per l'ammissione nelle flotte dei consorzi, i vettori giganti non devono essere più lenti di 24-26 nodi. Il livello dei costi che ne consegue dà alla compagnia di navigazione una qualche possibilità di aggiustare le tariffe per far fronte alla concorrenza.

Grosse navi di raccordo

Le grandi compagnie di navigazione di linea richiederanno più (e più grosse) navi di raccordo (feeder) con ponti di stivaggio più grandi che mai. Lo studio mostra come le veloci navi feeder ro-ro possano costituire il tipo di nave ottimale. In tale contesto, è in fase di studio la progettazione di un nuovo tipo di portacontenitori ro-ro. L'idea fondamentale è quella di movimentare i containers orizzontalmente e di raggruppare fino a 16 TEU formando unità più grandi su pallets. La movimentazione dei pallets mediante grossi elevatori gommati elimina la necessità delle costose gru di bordo o da piazzale ed inoltre accelera le procedure di movimentazione. Ciò significa anche che la nave può essere costruita secondo criteri di progettazione più semplici rispetto a quelli di una nave ro-ro convenzionale.

La GL è stata coinvolta nello sviluppo tecnico di cinque avanzate portacontainers open top da 1.350 TEU ed oltre, spinte da due diesel a media velocità invece che dal tradizionale motore singolo. Esse dovrebbero essere costruite presso la HDW, nonché in Cina, per la Norasia. Avranno una velocità operativa superiore ai 25 nodi. Le caratteristiche di tali navi, trasfuse da una serie precedente nelle unità della nuova generazione, comprendono il rivestimento anti-pioggia, un accorgimento per ridurre lo scudo di prora ed una sovrastruttura di concezione aerodinamica.

Anche i porti abbracceranno le nuove tecnologie, ad esempio gli spreaders triplici dotati di due o tre bracci per caricare e scaricare i giganti degli oceani simultaneamente dai due lati. Sono già operativi presso il terminal Eurokai di Amburgo gru sperimentali gommate per pallets.

Modelli di simulazione e di previsione sono già in uso presso l'ISL (Istituto di Economia Marittima e Logistica) per simulare il traffico containerizzato globale. Allo scopo di calcolare le conseguenze finanziarie delle dimensioni navali e degli accordi sulle rotte alternative, l'ISL ha sviluppato un modello informatico in origine dedicato ai traffici in ambito europeo ed ora finalizzato alla definizione dei traffici fra Europa ed Estremo Oriente e Nord America.

Per ciascuna delle 40 navi basilari della gamma tra 5.000 ed 8.000 TEU utilizzate per lo studio in questione, l'ISL ha ipotizzato nove alternative inerenti a viaggi circolari, per un totale di 360 varianti. Queste ultime sono state analizzate in termini di costi di trasporto marittimo in funzione della distanza complessiva, del numero dei porti in cui si fa scalo nonché delle dimensioni e della velocità della nave. I risultati possono essere riassunti come segue:

  • quanto più è lunga la tratta marittima, tanto maggiore è l'influenza del consumo di carburante e dei costi del carburante sui costi di trasporto marittimo per ciascun container;
  • il costo per TEU trasportato può essere ridotto connettendo due mercati con un servizio navetta;
  • più sono i porti scalati, maggiori sono i costi di trasporto marittimo per TEU. I risparmi che si possono conseguire sul trasporto marittimo riducendo il numero dei porti scalati in genere non bastano a bilanciare i costi aggiunti comportati dalla conseguente maggiore utilizzazione del trasporto terrestre.

(da: Container Management, dicembre 1997)

FROM THE HOME PAGE
Fincantieri has delivered the new cruise ship Queen Anne to Cunard
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International shipping associations call for help at U.N. to protect shipping
London
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In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
The Cairo
Net tonnage of the naviglio down -59.8% percent. Drastic reduction of -53% of the value of transit fees
The World Shipping Council points to the EU the way to support the economy and trade
In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
Brønnøysund / Gursken
Order of Torghatten company at the shipyard Myklebust
The freight traffic in the port of Rotterdam in the first quarter was down by -1.4% percent.  Increase of containers
The freight traffic in the port of Rotterdam in the first quarter was down by -1.4% percent. Increase of containers
Rotterdam
Strong increase (+ 29.0%) of feeder ships departing from the Dutch stopover to the Mediterranean ports
In the first three months of 2024, freight traffic in Russian ports fell by -3.3% percent.
St. Petersburg
Drastic reduction of passenger traffic in the Crimean port scans
In the first three months of 2024, freight traffic in Russian ports fell by -3.3% percent.
Tytgat (SEA Europe) : A European maritime industrial strategy is urgently needed
Brussels
Round table with representatives of the institutions of the European Union
Joe Kramek will be the next president and CEO of the World Shipping Council
Joe Kramek will be the next president and CEO of the World Shipping Council
Washington / Brussels/London / Singapore
He will retire at the end of July in Butler when the latter is retiring.
In the first quarter of this year the traffic of goods in the port of Antwerp-Zeebrugge grew by 2.4%
In the first quarter of this year the traffic of goods in the port of Antwerp-Zeebrugge grew by 2.4%
Anverse
On the increase the containers. Decrease in other loads. Belgian, Dutch and German ports urge European governments to ensure that industries remain in Europe
Partnership of HD Hyundai Heavy Industries and Anduril Industries in the Field of Maritime Defense
Orange County / Seoul
Envisage the design, development and production of new types of autonomous naval systems
d' Friend International Shipping orders two new tankers LR1
Luxembourg
Commits to China's shipyard Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding Co.
Global Infrastructure Partners waives to acquire 49% percent of Malaysian MMC Port Holdings
New York
CMA CGM Air Cargo announces its first transpacific line
Marseille
Three aircraft will be taken over between summer and early next year.
In 2023 new annual historical record of maritime traffic in the Stories of Malacca and Singapore
In 2023 new annual historical record of maritime traffic in the Stories of Malacca and Singapore
Port Klang
The previous maximum peak had been reached in 2018
HMM announces the nearly doubling of fleet capacity by 2030
Seoul
Expected 63% increments of the volumes transportable from container carriers and 95% in the bulk carrier sector
In the first quarter of 2024, the Port of Singapore handled ten million containers (+ 10.7%)
In the first quarter of 2024, the Port of Singapore handled ten million containers (+ 10.7%)
Singapore
The overall traffic in goods increased by 7.6%
Iran has given way to the attack on Israel with the seizure of the container ship. MSC Aries
London / Manila
Le Aziende informano
ABB fornirà la sua soluzione per il Cold - Ironing nel Porto Internazionale di Portsmouth
The construction of the new Venetian container terminal in Porto Marghera is being carried out.
The construction of the new Venetian container terminal in Porto Marghera is being carried out.
Venice
It will be able to accommodate Panamax vessels and will have an annual traffic capacity of one million teu
The French Senate has approved a bill to limit the right to strike in transport
The French Senate has approved a bill to limit the right to strike in transport
Last year container traffic in Malta decreased by -11.4%
Last year container traffic in Malta decreased by -11.4%
The Valletta
Crucierists in growth of 59.1%
Approved by the Transport Commission of the Spanish Congress a proposal to improve the competitiveness of the REC Ship Register
Madrid
Applause from ANAVE. The number of national flag merchant ships has fallen to the all-time low
Pirate attacks on ships have been growing.
Pirate attacks on ships have been growing.
London
Recrudescence of Somali piracy
Assshipowners, well the decree that delegates security checks to recognized bodies
Rome
Messina : a concrete step forward in the optics of an ever greater competitiveness of the Italian flag
Le Aziende informano
Protocollo d'intesa tra l'Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mare di Sicilia Occidentale e l'Escola Europea di Intermodal Transport
Maritime traffic in the Panama Canal is expected to gradually normalize from here to 2025
Balboa
The start of the rainy season, expected at the end of the month, is expected to lift the number of ships transits from 27 to 36.
Last year on world cruise ships the record number of 31.7 million passengers (+ 55.4%) was embarked on.
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Miami
Past the historic peak of the pre-pandemic year of 2019
Updating the rules governing the berth service
Rome
Ok the government to decree establishing public company to manage state-owned toll roads
Agreement between Mercitalia Logistics and Logtainer for the development of intermodal services that integrate transport on iron, rubber and sea
DFDS buys the entire network of self-transport services between Turkey and the Europe of Ekol Logistics
Copenhagen
Transaction of the value of 260 million euros
13.8 million crucierists are expected in Italian ports this year.
Miami
Cemar expects a new traffic record that will be broken as early as 2025 with 13.9 million passengers
Africa Morocco Link has changed ownership
Casablanca / Athens
51% percent of the capital went from Bank of Africa to CTM and 49% percent from Attica to Stena Line
NCL orders Fincantieri four new cruise ships with letter of intent for four more units
Miami
Four units from 77mila-86mila tsl and four from 200mila tsl will be delivered between 2026 and 2036
The Spezia and Carrara try to break down the bell towers and solicit cooperation at the ports of Genoa and Savona
The Spezia
Abstract : It is necessary to present itself in the market as a coordinated system
Switzerland and Switzerland cut trade between Italy and Switzerland.
Bern
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Port of Naples, striking of the fast ferry Island of Procida against a quay
Naples
About thirty minor injuries among passengers
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Taranto
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Cagliari
In August 2020 he had been shouted by the ferry "Bithia"
The Port of Los Angeles closed the first quarter with a 29.6% percent growth in container traffic
Los Angeles
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Zurich
The new orders are down -5.0% percent. At the end of July Rosengren will leave the CEO position in Wierod
The crisis of the Cooperative Sole Workers of Porto Flavio Gioia officialized at institutions and trade unions
Salerno
USB Mare and Porti, what's going on in the port of Salerno is the result of pressure from shipowners
Euronav sells its own ship management company to Anglo-Eastern
Antwerp / Hong Kong
Manages the fleet of tanker ships of the Antwerp company
Genoa Shipbuilding Industries has acquired a submersible barge of the cargo capacity of 14,000 tonnes
Genoa
It can also be employed as a floating basin for the varo of artifacts up to 9,800 tons
Venice Cold Stores & Logistics obtains the qualification of tax warehouse for wines and sparkling
Venice
Extension of the services offered to companies in the wine sector
Gasparate urges to exempt property of interports from payment of the Imu
Nola
President of the Union Interports Reunited warned that with the PNRR construction sites the railway intermodality is at risk
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Hapag-Lloyd plans future investments to expand business in the terminal and intermode sectors
Hamburg
Among the markets, the company focuses attention on Africa, India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Set up a consortium to decarbonize transport on the northern Pacific route
Vancouver
It is formed by nine companies and entities and is open to other partners
In the first quarter of this year, container traffic in the port of Long Beach increased by 16.4%
Long Beach
In March, the increase was 8.3% percent.
Delivery of the work of consolidation of the foranea dam of the port of Catania
Catania
Procurement of the value of 75 million euros
Plan to improve in Genoa and Savona the rail links with cruise terminals and airport
Genoa
It was presented today in the Ligurian capital
From 10 to May 12 at Spezia will be held "DePortibus-The festival of ports that connect the world"
The Spezia
The programme provides for technical events and cultural proposals
Three new STS cranes have arrived in the Kenyan port of Lamu.
Mombasa
They will be able to work on container ships of the capacity of over 18mila teu
One hundred new IVECO trucks powered by HVO in the Smet fleet
Turin
They will be taken over in the course of this year
In the first three months of this year, goods transported by rail between China and Europe increased by 10% percent.
Beijing
Operated 4,541 trains (+ 9%)
In the first quarter of 2024, container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by -2.3%
Hong Kong
In March, the decline was -10.6% percent.
The regasification terminal FSRU Toscana left Livorno direct to Genoa
Livorno
In the Ligurian scalp and then in Marseille maintenance interventions will be carried out
Confirmed to Tugchiers Meeting Port of Genoa the granting of trailer services in the port of Genoa
Genoa
Planned investment of 35 million euros to renovate fleet
In the first quarter of 2024, OOIL revenues decreased by -9.0%
Hong Kong
Containers carried by the OOCL fleet increased by 3.4%
Mattioli (Federation of the Sea) relaunches the propulsive role of maritime clusters
Rome
Today, the National Sea Day and the marinara culture are celebrated
In the first quarter of 2024, the revenues of Yang Ming and WHL grew by 18.5% and 8.1%
Keelung / Taipei
In March the increments were equal to 20.3% and 8.6%
In 2023 the freight traffic handled by the State Railways Group fell by -2.0%
Rome
The Logistics Pole posted a net loss of -80 million euros, up 63 million euros.
Port of Genoa, inaugurated new rooms of Stella Maris at Maritime stations
Genoa
They are intended for the welfare and socialization of seafarers in transit in the Superba
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
On April 16 in Nola, the national conference of the Union Interports Reunited
Nola
Event " Interports to the center. A strategic network for Italy "
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'
(Reuters)
Le transport maritime national navigue à vue
(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
Roma, 27 ottobre 2023
››› File
Germany's Dachser has acquired the compatriate Brummer Logistik
Kempten
The company specializes in the logistics of perishable products
In the first quarter of 2024, Evergreen's revenues increased by 32.6% percent.
Taipei
In March, the increase was 36.5% percent.
Cooperation pact between the associations of the ports and ferry companies of Greece
The Piraeus
Among the activities, make sure that port benches are adequate for new naval technologies
In 2023 the traffic in goods at ports in Lazio fell by -5.7% percent. Record of cruises
Cyvitavecchia
Passenger of line services growing by 10.0%
RINA will collaborate on the sustainable development of ports and shipping of Indonesia
Genoa
Contract with the World Bank
In Udine the Officine Rotable Maintenance of FVG Rail has been equipped with a lawn back in fossa
Procedure
Interporto Padova's assembly to merge for incorporation of the Zip Consortium
Padova
Capital increase of more than 7.8 million split between Municipality, Province, and Chamber of Commerce
Turkish Arkas orders four container ships from 4,300 teu to Guangzhou Wenchong Shipyard
Izmir
On the way an investment of 240 million
Deutsche Bahn would have solicited a group of potential bidders to submit proposals to acquire DB Schenker
New York
The invitation addressed, among others, to DSV, Maersk and MSC
Interferry calls on governments to use carbon tax revenues to equip the harbour quays of cold ironing
Victoria
Corrigan : 'imperative that the extensive installation of OPS facilities is undertaken with urgency'
Training courses for GNV crews to avoid collisions with cetaceans and sea turtles
Genoa
Made together with the research body Foundation CIMA, they also promote the protection of biodiversity
DP World and Rumo will carry out a new grain and fertilizer terminal in the port of Santos
Curitiba / Dubai
Expected an investment of nearly 500 million
Singaporean ONE will restructure the feeder service between the Adriatic and Egypt
Singapore
You will include scals in Trieste and Piraeus
Over 700mila crucierists approved in 2023 at Spezia spent a total of 71.2 million euros.
The Spezia
68.3% of this sum for the purchase of organized tours
New rail services of Rail Cargo Group between Austria, Germany and Italy
Vienna
Increase in the frequency of departures on the Duisburg-Villach-Lubiana line
Five more ULCV banchina cranes for the Malaysian port of Tanjung Pelepas
Gelang Patah
They have been ordered to Chinese ZPMC
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
Autonomous driving systems ensure benefits to self-driving companies and drivers, ensure from China
Shanghai
Deshun Logistics tests the technologies of Inceptio Technology in commercial travel
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