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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 7-8/2000 - JULY/AUGUST 2000

Ports

I progressi del porto di Halifax

"Noi del porto di Halifax, alle linee di navigazione vendiamo una filosofia del tipo <il primo in cui entrare, l'ultimo da cui uscire>" spiega David Bellefontaine, presidente e primo dirigente dell'Autorità Portuale di Halifax. "Se un vettore marittimo salpa dal Mediterraneo o dal Sud-Est asiatico attraverso il canale di Suez, ad esempio, Halifax è il primo porto d'entrata della Costa Orientale del Nordamerica in termini di distanza. Le navi possono farvi ingresso a pieno carico" continua Bellefontaine.

Bellefontaine aggiunge che ai vettori marittimi vengono offerti altresì una profondità minima di pescaggio di 60 piedi, unitamente ad un accesso agevole per le navi ed a nessuna necessità di doversela vedere con maree o ghiaccio. "La localizzazione è davvero il nostro fattore-chiave. Le navi arrivano a Halifax e scaricano contenitori prima di continuare il viaggio lungo la costa orientale alla volta di New York, ad esempio; nel momento in cui la nave arriva là, il container scaricato a Halifax è già a Toronto, nell'Ontario".

Se si analizzano i risultati in termini di contenitori di Halifax (v. Tabella 1), appare chiaramente come la filosofia adottata dall'autorità portuale dia i suoi risultati. Nel 1999, Halifax ha movimentato complessivamente 462.766 TEU, con un incremento del 9% rispetto ai 425.435 TEU fatti registrare nel 1998. "Stiamo facendo molto bene in termini di risultati TEU" afferma Bellefontaine. "Nel 1999 abbiamo avuto un'annata record: il totale ha superato i nostri precedenti risultati migliori, quelli del 1989, che ovviamente avevano resistito per molti anni. E per il 2000 posso dire che, sino adesso, siamo già del 14% oltre i risultati del 1999".

TABELLA 1
CONFRONTO DEI RISULTATI IN TEU
TRA IL PORTO DI HALIFAX ED I SUOI PRINCIPALI CONCORRENTI
Porto1999 199819971996
Baltimora498.000486.999 476.012474.638
Halifax462.766425.435 459.176392.273
Montreal993.486932.701 870.368852.530
New York/New Jersey2.828.878 2.465.9932.456.886 2.269.145
Fonte: Porti e dati di Containerisation International Yearbook

Il citato presidente e primo dirigente è felice di ammettere che si tratta di cifre inerenti ad una "buona crescita". Pertanto, per farla semplice, com'è stata conseguita tale crescita? Bellefontaine ritiene che essa sia dovuta ad "una combinazione di nuovi servizi e di crescita organica".

In termini di nuovi servizi, nel 1999 la Coral Container Lines ha introdotto una nuova partenza quindicinale da Halifax per L'Avana, a Cuba, con un'ulteriore connessione che fa scalo in porti sparsi tra i Caraibi ed il Sudamerica. A gennaio di quest'anno, la MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company) ha iniziato un servizio settimanale che collega Halifax con il Regno Unito ed il Nord Europa.

In termini di crescita organica, Bellefontaine ha indicato la crescita del servizio "PAX" effettuato dai soci della Grand Alliance - Hapag-Lloyd, NYK Line, OOCL e P&O Nedlloyd - come un buon esempio di volumi in aumento. "La Hapag-Lloyd è stata il nostro miglior cliente nel 1999 in termini sia di tonnellaggio containerizzato che di volumi TEU" ha detto, ma senza fornire cifre concrete. Un portavoce della linea di navigazione si è dichiarato d'accordo e ha spiegato i vantaggi dello scalo a Halifax: "Certamente siamo uno dei principali utenti del porto. Noi ci serviamo di Halifax quale nostro ultimo scalo di carico, che ci aiuta ad assicurare tempi di viaggio molto rapidi alla volta dell'Europa. E' un porto molto competitivo anche in termini di costi".

Un altro utente che da molto tempo fa scalo a Halifax, la Zim Israel Navigation Co, spiega perché essa attracca al porto sin dal 1972: "Ci serviamo di Halifax come porta d'accesso primaria al Canada dal Mediterraneo e viceversa. Inoltre facciamo scalo qui per accedere al Mid-West statunitense".

Olav Rakkenes, presidente e primo dirigente della ACL (Atlantic Container Line), movimentatrice settimanale di traffico containerizzato e ro-ro nel volubile mercato del Nord Atlantico, esprime il suo punto di vista. "La ACL fa scalo a Halifax sin dal primo giorno. E' un buon porto per noi al fine di servire i nostri mercati, in particolar modo il Canada. Halifax si adatta bene alle operazioni della ACL: ci serviamo di questo scalo come primo porto in entrata ed ultimo porto in uscita. Ci piace, inoltre, la stabilità che offre, particolarmente sul fronte delle questioni sindacali" ha dichiarato. Dal momento che l'ultima problematica di natura sindacale a Halifax risale al 1976, i commenti di Rakkenes sono più che giustificati.

Tuttavia, è chiaro che Halifax, come la maggior parte dei porti, si trova a dover affrontare una dura concorrenza. Bellefontaine fornisce maggiori delucidazioni al riguardo: "La nostra concorrenza è rappresentata da New York, Montreal ed i porti sulla Costa Occidentale degli U.S.A. Fondamentalmente, peraltro, devo guardarmi da due tipi di concorrenza. Una è la concorrenza in ordine alle navi; l'altra è la concorrenza relativa ai carichi". Poi spiega il fondamento logico che sta alla base del suo pensiero: "Dato che le navi diventano sempre più grandi, la nostra concorrenza non sarà rappresentata da Montreal quanto alle dimensioni delle navi, ma lo sarà dalla costa giù fino agli Stati Uniti, in primo luogo da New York/New Jersey e sotto qualche aspetto forse da Baltimora. Inoltre, ci dobbiamo guardare dai concorrenti statunitensi della Costa Occidentale per quanto attiene alle attività con l'Asia, poiché i porti situati su quella costa sono in grado di raccordare i carichi con qualsiasi luogo del Nordamerica, proprio come noi. In relazione ai carichi, tuttavia, Montreal rappresenta sì un concorrente, specialmente in ordine ai traffici con l'Europa. Le navi più piccole che fanno scalo a Montreal fanno concorrenza a quelle più grandi che vengono a Halifax, poiché gli stessi carichi devono essere inoltrati all'interno via ferrovia".

Courtnay Allan, direttore traffici transatlantici della OOCL, apporta un'opinione diversa alla questione della concorrenza. "Halifax è un punto di fermata ovvio ai fini del servizio, sulla rotta della Costa Orientale U.S.A., ma è anche un punto di riferimento per i vettori che vogliono fare ingresso nel mercato canadese senza dover dedicare una serie distinta di navi a risalire il fiume sino a Montreal" afferma.

Tenendo conto di questi commenti e tenendo presente che Halifax è situata a diverse centinaia di miglia da tutte le principali città, come ad esempio Montreal, allora bisogna rilevare che le connessioni ferroviarie con l'interno sono importanti, per quanto i costi rappresentino ancora, chiaramente, la problematica principale. Parlando alla 17a Esposizione Intermodale Internazionale di Atlanta nello scorso mese di aprile, Bellefontaine ha ulteriormente spiegato: "Dato che l'autotrasporto rappresenta meno del 20% della nostra attività, la percentuale dei costi ferroviari costituisce una parte significativa della spesa complessiva della movimentazione di un contenitore via Halifax. Ed i costi chiaramente stanno diventando sempre più importanti per le linee di navigazione - specialmente riguardo al contenimento dei costi stessi - sebbene il servizio ferroviario resti l'elemento essenziale".

Tuttavia, il suddetto presidente e primo dirigente è consapevole del fatto che, secondo alcuni, il principale svantaggio di Halifax sia costituito dalla sua distanza dai mercati dell'hinterland. "I nostri concorrenti non hanno torto quando sottolineano ciò. I nostri mercati interni sono abbastanza distanti rispetto a quelli dei nostri concorrenti della Costa Orientale U.S.A., ma noi facciamo affidamento su una ferrovia dai costi razionali, la CN (Canadian National Railway)" afferma.

La Zim è d'accordo con Bellefontaine. "Il trasporto terrestre è una questione importante. Noi abbiamo relazioni da lungo tempo con la CN, che assicura un servizio efficiente e competitivo. Naturalmente, i costi del trasporto terrestre e delle movimentazioni terminalistiche dovrebbero essere senz'altro concorrenziali nel confronto faccia a faccia con Montreal, dato il tempo di navigazione extra richiesto in quest'ultimo caso" conferma un dirigente.

Bellefontaine ritiene che la CN abbia aiutato Halifax ad assicurare l'accesso a zone quali il Mid-West statunitense. "La distanza può essere un problema, ma gran parte del lato negativo della questione recentemente è stato superato dalle iniziative della CN" spiega; prosegue Bellefontaine: "Il futuro di Halifax dipende principalmente da una ferrovia che continui a crescere ed a fare sempre meglio ciò che fa".

Alla luce di quanto premesso, Bellefontaine si sente di supportare le recenti iniziative della CN. "La fusione CN-Central Illinois ci ha aiutato: ci ha dato un maggior raggio d'azione, giù fino a St.Louis nel Missouri ed a New Orleans in Louisiana. Perciò, ogniqualvolta la CN dovesse procedere ad acquisizioni facendo diventare più ampia la propria portata, noi ne trarremmo vantaggio".

Quanto alla proposta di fusione della CN con la BNSF (Burlington Northern Santa Fe), egli ha aggiunto che ovviamente Halifax ha supportato i piani della CN, sebbene poi non si sia sorpreso di assistere alla decurtazione dell'accordo proposto. "La localizzazione di Halifax quale porto di primo ingresso e di ultima uscita sta a significare che ha senz'altro senso supportare gli obiettivi della CN. Non sono stato sorpreso dal fatto che la scelta della CN fosse indirizzata sulla BNSF, ma allo stesso modo non sono stato nemmeno sorpreso dalla decisione dello STB (Consiglio statunitense dei Trasporti di Superficie) di non consentire la fusione" sostiene Bellefontaine. Quanto al futuro della proposta in questione, egli spera che essa possa col tempo conseguire le necessarie approvazioni, anche se non è del tutto convinto che ce la farà. "Forse la CN/BNSF è stata penalizzata dagli avvenimenti del passato. Lo STB adesso sta molto attento quando deve valutare le questioni inerenti alle fusioni" ha spiegato.

Un altro argomento che ha svolto un ruolo notevole nella storia recente di Halifax è la Legge Marittima canadese. Come è avvenuto per altri porti canadesi, la legge ha modificato lo stato giuridico di Halifax, dandogli maggiore autonomia e maggiore flessibilità commerciale. Afferma Bellefontaine: "La nuova normativa marittima canadese fondamentalmente ha significato per noi la cessazione di qualsiasi finanziamento da parte del governo federale. Ora, noi dobbiamo agire per lo più come fa il settore privato. Prendendo ad esempio le infrastrutture terminalistiche, una volta recuperati i costi inerenti ai beni patrimoniali credo che ci rivolgeremo a noleggi a breve termine".

Per il futuro, Bellefontaine è ottimista. "Le prospettive per Halifax sono buone. Ho buone impressioni al riguardo. Il profondo pescaggio delle nostre acque e le buone possibilità d'accesso e le altre caratteristiche che sono state ampiamente pubblicizzate stanno cominciando a dare qualche frutto. Penso che ci stiamo avviando a diventare vincenti nei prossimi 10 anni" ha concluso.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2000)


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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
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Copenhagen
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New York/Athens
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MSC will include the port of Trieste in the Dragon Italy-USA service
Geneva
The Julian port will be reached starting from the second half of February
De Wave Group has acquired French company DL Services.
Genoa
The company specializes in the design of industrial kitchens and the supply of technical components and spare parts on board
CMA CGM's TUX transatlantic service will call at the port of Salerno
Marseille
The line connects Turkey with the East Coast of the USA
New intermodal connections between Northern Italy and Belgium by GTS Rail and CargoBeamer
Bari/Leipzig
Activated on the Padua-Zeebrugge and Liège-Domodossola lines
Cruise traffic in the port of Piraeus increased by +9% last year
Piraeus
Approximately 1.85 million passengers moved
In 2025, cruise traffic in the port of Genoa grew by +6.5%
Genoa
Ferry passengers down 3.6%
Grimaldi took delivery of the PCTC Grande Manila
Naples
The vessel has a total capacity of 9,241 CEUs.
Expedition cruise ship Exploris One to be auctioned off
Nantes
It has a capacity of 144 passengers and 102 crew members.
SeaCube Container Leasing has acquired Martin Container.
Montvale
The company specializes in the refrigerated container segment
Pisano: The Simplified Logistics Zone has great strategic importance for the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
RINA and HPC launch project to promote green ports in the Caspian region
Genoa
Five-year contract with the OSCE
Vard to build four Multi-Purpose Robotic Vessels for Ocean Infinity
Trieste
The contract has a total value of over 200 million euros
Hanseatic Global Terminals will become sole owner of Florida International Terminal
Rotterdam
A conference on congestion in the North West logistics system will be held in Genoa on January 19th.
Genoa
It will be held at the Transparency Hall of the Liguria Region
The transportation sector enters a turning point with the adoption of artificial intelligence
Ulm
However, most companies are still in the early stages of this process.
Work completed to widen the access channel to the port of Livorno.
Livorno
The width between the two banks will be increased from 70 to 120 meters
Nexans sets a record for the depth of laying a high-voltage submarine cable on the Tyrrhenian Link
Paris
Installation at -2,150 meters
Funds for Spanish ports to adapt to the use of wind energy and other marine renewable energy sources
Madrid
Program with a total value of 212 million euros
CMD - Costruzioni Motori Diesel returns to wholly Italian ownership
Atella
Giorgio and Mariano Negri have acquired 67% of the capital held by the Chinese Loncin Motor Co.
Intesa Sanpaolo is financing the construction of three PCTCs for Grimaldi Euromed.
Milan
The new ships will be delivered later this year
Medlog acquires Australian intermodal operations of Seaway
Fremantle
The transaction will be completed within the first quarter of this year.
MIT has updated cybersecurity measures for national ships, ports and port facilities
Rome
A circular has been published which, among other things, introduces staff training
V.Group has bought the Danish company Njord
London
The company offers the shipping industry solutions for energy efficiency and decarbonisation
Fire aboard the Majestic ferry in the Port of Genoa
Genoa
The flames were extinguished by the intervention of the on-board fire brigade and did not cause any injuries.
COSCO to acquire control of German logistics company Zippel
Hamburg
Agreement to acquire 80% of its capital
Colombo Port Sets New Annual Container Traffic Record
Columbus
Sri Lanka Ports Authority signs agreement with French shipping group CMA CGM
Viasat to exit British company Navarino's capital
London
ICG to support the Tsikopoulos brothers in reinvesting in the company
The Palau government ensures the full operation of the Naval Registry
Koror
Moses (BMT): Services continue to be provided in accordance with international procedures and standards
In the first nine months of 2025, freight transported on the Austrian rail network increased by +1.4%
Vienna
Growth of +4.9% was recorded in the third quarter alone
Saipem wins $425 million offshore contract to develop the Sakarya gas field.
The decree for the distribution of PNRR resources to interports has been signed.
Rome
The disbursement of 1.9 million euros is expected
Messina, a Genoese company, launches a new service to Algeria.
Genoa
The rotation touches the ports of Fos, Genoa, Barcelona, Algiers, Fos
FS Logistix is the first company in Europe to certify its carbon footprint for freight transport.
Rome
The FS group company has obtained ISO 14067 certification
WASS (Fincantieri Group) wins torpedo supply contract for Indian Navy
Trieste
Contract with a total value of over 200 million euros
FHP Intermodal will become operational on January 1st
Milan
FHP Group completes the integration process between its subsidiaries CFI Intermodal and Lotras
The Coral Adventurer cruise ship ran aground in Papua New Guinea.
Port Moresby
No harm to people on board
d'Amico International Shipping orders two new MR1 product tankers from Guangzhou Shipyard International.
Port of Gioia Tauro: Anchorage fee reduction approved again
Gioia Tauro
A total sum of 1.5 million euros has been allocated
The Council of State has confirmed the legitimacy of the tender for the new Ravano Pier in La Spezia.
Rome/La Spezia
The TAR ruling for Liguria has been confirmed.
Hupac will launch a new shuttle train service between Duisburg and Novara.
Noise
Schedule six rotations per week
Ferry docking slots for Piombino and Elba Island in 2026 have been assigned.
Livorno
Project financing process for the first hydrogen production plant in the port of La Spezia
La Spezia
Project to provide "mobile" supplies to vehicles such as locomotives and boats
The new hydrofoil terminal at the port of Messina will be named after a victim of femicide.
Messina
The initiative to remember Omayma Benghaloum
Three new e-RTG yard cranes have arrived at the PSA Venice-Vecon terminal
Venice
Investment of 8.5 million euros
Fincantieri delivers second multipurpose combat ship to the Indonesian Navy
Trieste
Ceremony at the Muggiano shipyard
In June the Grendi group will equip itself with a fifth ro-ro vessel
Genoa
It will have a load capacity of 3,000 linear meters
The employment contract renewal for transport and logistics company managers has been signed.
Rome
Signed today by Manageritalia and Confetra
Brussels has approved the loan to rescue the rail freight company Lineas.
Brussels
Sixty-one million euros granted by the Belgian government
Green Mobility Partners and KKR Partner to Create European Rail Leasing Platform
Frankfurt
American company invests in GMP
Saipem wins offshore EPCI contract in Qatar
Milan
The contract is worth approximately $3.1 billion.
Wärtsilä sells its Gas Solutions division to German private equity firm Mutares.
Helsinki/Munich
Bank of China finances purchase of Grimaldi Euromed's Grande Melbourne
Amount of 57 million euros
GeneSYS Informatica (Fratelli Cosulich) has acquired 51% of the capital of Navimeteo
KSOE wins $466 million order for four container ships
Lysaker/Seongnam
NYK and Ocean Yield Award Order for Four New LNG Carriers
ONE's Adriatic Service 1 will also make stops at the port of Ancona
Singapore
The line to Damietta has a weekly frequency
Consolidation work on the Riva quay at the port of Ortona has been completed.
Ancona
Thirteen million is the cost for the adaptation of the infrastructure
Vard has signed a cooperation agreement with the Norwegian research institute Norce
Ålesund
It concerns all fields of research and innovation in the naval sector
Energy transition, regulatory simplification, competitiveness of the maritime industry, and port governance are Confitarma's priorities.
Rome
Federlogistica reports the project cargo's inability to travel on Northwest highways.
Genoa
Falteri: We are facing a real systemic crisis.
ZIM shareholders reach agreement again
Haifa
Agreement reached on candidates for the renewal of the board of directors
Merger by incorporation of Degrosolutions into CLS
Milan
Castelli: We aim to strengthen our growth path in the Italian forklift market.
Approval has been given to measures to support the re-employment of workers at the Pippo Rebagliati Company in Savona-Vado.
Genoa
Administrative proceedings for cold ironing at the cruise terminal in the port of Savona have begun.
Assiterminal reports an assault on a worker at the Vado Gateway terminal.
Genoa
It is not tolerable - the association highlighted - that similar episodes occur
The Management Committee of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea Port Authority has been established.
Ravenna
It is composed of Francesco Benevolo, Luca Coffari, Tomaso Triossi and Maurizio Tattoli
Stonepeak (Textainer) Completes Acquisition of Seaco
Hamilton
It was sold by China's Bohai Leasing Co.
In the second quarter of 2025, cargo traffic in Greek ports decreased by -3.9%.
Piraeus
Passengers increased by +0.9%
AD Ports involved in container traffic development at Shuaiba Port
Abu Dhabi
Agreement with the Kuwait Ports Authority
EU expands fight against Russian shadow fleet to include operators facilitating its deployment
Brussels
Five more people and four companies fined
In November, the port of Barcelona handled 296,000 containers (+1.0%)
Barcelona
Import and export containers are increasing; transit containers are decreasing.
Paolo Spada, vice president of Federagenti, has passed away.
Rome
Pessina: He leaves an unfillable void in the entire Italian maritime community.
Container traffic at the port of Hong Kong decreased by -12.0% in November
Hong Kong
In the first 11 months of 2025 the decline was -5.7%
Rebranding for the Messina Group's activities
Genoa
Common graphic and lexical choice for all business areas
Emanuele Grimaldi has been appointed an honorary member of the National Order of Merit of Malta.
Naples
He is among the founders of the Malta International Shipowners' Association, of which he holds the position of vice-president.
Six new 100% electric yard cranes have arrived at the PSA Genova Pra' terminal.
Genoa
Three more vehicles will be delivered to the PSA Venice-Vecon terminal at Christmas
ICTSI to upgrade the Rio Brasil Terminal container terminal at the Port of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Investment of approximately 175 million dollars
In the first 11 months of 2025, the Port of Singapore handled over 40.7 million containers (+8.5%)
Singapore
Overall freight traffic decreased by -1.1%
GTS increases the frequency of its intermodal connections between Bari and Verona and Piacenza and Nola.
Bari
The first will increase to six rotations; the second will become daily
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
A conference on congestion in the North West logistics system will be held in Genoa on January 19th.
Genoa
It will be held at the Transparency Hall of the Liguria Region
Spediporto's conference "Take opportunities navigating trade tensions" will be held in Genoa on December 1st and 2nd.
Genoa
It will be held at the Conference Hall of Banca Bper
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Bulgarian court rejects extradition of Russian owner of a ship linked to Beirut port blast
(ABCNEWS.com)
Three UAE Firms Eye Investment In Kenya's Port, Renewable Energy, And Shipping Projects
(Capital FM Kenya)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Partnership Body for the Sea Resources of the Eastern Ligurian Sea Port Authority has been established.
La Spezia
Appointment by decree of President Pisano
Agreement between the Port Authority and the Chamber of Commerce to facilitate the entry of an industrial partner into Genoa Airport.
Genoa
It will be signed soon
Paolo Guidi has been elected the new president of Assologistica.
Milan
The Vice Presidents are Sabrina De Filippis, Riccardo Fuochi, Agostino Gallozzi, Paolo Pandolfo, Umberto Ruggerone and Renzo Sartori.
138 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Civitavecchia.
Rome
Found inside an articulated lorry disembarked from a ship coming from Spain
The decree has been signed for the disposal of dredged sediment from the port of La Spezia at the new breakwater in Genoa.
La Spezia
The transfer of 282,000 cubic meters is planned
Greek CCEC has almost completed its exit from the containership segment
Athens
$814.3 million in proceeds from the sale of 14 full containers in 22 months
GNV Virgo was christened in the port of Palermo
Genoa
GNV's fleet renewal program includes the construction of eight ships
The Livorno Port Center celebrates a decade spent integrating the port and city reality
Livorno
Gariglio (AdSP): in recent years we have managed to create a community atmosphere
Fincantieri and WSense reach agreement on underwater monitoring and communication technologies for maritime infrastructure.
Trieste/Milan
Members of the Management Committee of the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea Port Authority have been appointed.
Livorno
The nomination of the member expressed by the Tuscany Region has not yet been received
The entry into force of the EU ETS for construction and road transport has been postponed to 2028.
Brussels/Rome
Confetra, the deferral allows for more rational planning of investments in fleet renewal
Costa Cruises is testing the use of electric trucks to supply ships in the ports of Genoa and Savona.
Genoa
Tests as part of the collaboration with LC3 Trasporti
Collaboration agreement between ALIS and ANITA to promote the development of road haulage and logistics
Rome
Agreement also extended to the field of industrial relations
The Regional Administrative Court for Lazio has accepted Grimaldi's request to suspend the sale of the five Moby ships.
Rome
Appeal aimed at "preventing the consolidation of an irreversible anti-competitive structure"
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