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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 7-8/2000 - JULY/AUGUST 2000

Railway Transport

La ferrovia panamense: un'alternativa al canale

"La PCRC (Panama Canal Railway) è considerata come un tesoro nazionale, realizzata - come in effetti è avvenuto - durante la corsa all'oro californiano" ha dichiarato l'attuale presidente della società, David Starling. "I nostri programmi daranno definitivamente nuova vita alla società ed annunciano una nuova era per il gruppo".

La PCRC spera che l'oro, questa volta, si materializzi sotto forma di contenitori marittimi, sebbene Starling abbia alluso alle interessanti opportunità che si presentano al momento anche sui fronti dei croceristi e dei pendolari.

Starling ha altresì sottolineato la stretta relazione esistente tra il canale e la ferrovia, una situazione che a suo parere continuerà in futuro.

"John Stevens, l'ingegnere statunitense, si servì della PCRC per contribuire alla costruzione del canale" spiega Starling. "Stiamo ristrutturando la ferrovia affinché essa diventi un complemento alle infrastrutture del canale ed al fine di aiutare Panama a svolgere compiutamente il suo ruolo di importante centro distributivo e marittimo per le Americhe".

Starling ritiene che i vettori marittimi, gli spedizionieri di merci, i terzi fornitori di logistica ed i caricatori guarderanno più favorevolmente a Panama quale centro di snodo emisferico per la distribuzione se potranno avere "accesso ad una buona gamma di opzioni di trasporto concorrenziali dal punto di vista dei costi ed efficienti".

"I porti sono stati migliorati, il canale è stato allargato e la ferrovia è in fase di rinascita" ha dichiarato. "Le nostre operazioni offriranno un servizio double-stack ad elevati volumi tra i porti del Pacifico e dell'Atlantico, Zona Franca Commerciale di Colon compresa. Saranno costruiti due piazzali ferroviari intermodali appositamente progettati ed i carichi resteranno in attesa di sdoganamento per tutta la durata del viaggio".

Il completamento del terminal containers di Balboa sulla costa del Pacifico è decisivo per il successo della PCRC. "Balboa sarà l'infrastruttura per la movimentazione dei contenitori meglio equipaggiata sulla costa occidentale dell'America Centrale e Meridionale e fornirà alle linee di navigazione una moltitudine di opzioni di rotta diverse" ha dichiarato Starling. "Dati i volumi trans-istmici di cui si parla ed alla luce dell'esperienza del MIT (Manzanillo International Terminal) sulla costa atlantica, la ferrovia appare assolutamente decisiva".

Un'opzione a disposizione dei vettori containerizzati, ad esempio, è quella che consente loro di scaricare i propri contenitori nel porto sia del Pacifico che dell'Atlantico e poi servirsi della connessione ferroviaria per movimentarli attraverso la tratta terrestre. Gli operatori di linea avrebbero inoltre la possibilità di impiegare tonnellaggio post-Panamax poiché Balboa ed il MIT hanno entrambi investito in gru a cavalletto bordo-costa al fine di movimentare tali navi.

Il dirigente, tuttavia, ha smentito l'esistenza di qualsiasi problema di concorrenza con il canale. "Noi consideriamo la PCRC come un complemento del canale e la PCA (Autorità del Canale di Panama) è d'accordo con noi" sottolinea Starling. "Dal momento che i principali porti di Panama sono in grado di movimentare il tonnellaggio post-Panamax, in realtà noi ci stiamo dando da fare allo scopo di attirare nuovo traffico di trasbordo e questo sarà un bene per tutti".

Starling, ad esempio, non ritiene che le attuali compagnie di navigazione di linea che transitano regolarmente per il canale vogliano improvvisamente rinnovare i propri regimi operativi ed impiegare il tonnellaggio post-Panamax secondo modalità di servizio dedicate ad entrambe le estremità del canale, sebbene egli ammetta che questa possa essere una possibilità.

Rodolfo Sabonge, direttore della pianificazione e del marketing della PCA, è d'accordo. "I volumi sono notevoli e la PCRC ed i porti non hanno risorse adeguate per questo tipo di operazioni" ha detto. "La PCRC avrebbe bisogno di quattro binari e poi ci vorrebbe una capacità portuale moltiplicata per cinque... la logistica ed i costi per assicurare ciò sarebbero proibitivi".

In effetti, si ritiene che la PCRC possa mettere in grado gli attuali vettori marittimi di utilizzare il canale di Panama al fine di massimizzare le proprie operazioni navali. "A causa dei problemi di visibilità e di pescaggio nella zona del canale, le navi spesso arrivano a Panama solo parzialmente cariche" spiega Clay Woodgate, uno dei direttori della Lancon, la società-holding della Mi-Jack, azionista della PCRC. "Noi possiamo contribuire a cambiare questa situazione consentendo ai vettori di caricare forse altri 200-300 contenitori sulle loro navi, migliorando così le economie di viaggio della loro tratta primaria di trasporto. Poi ci penseremmo noi a movimentare questi contenitori attraverso l'istmo per ferrovia. Dal momento che si tratta di attività aggiuntiva per i vettori, ciò potrebbe comportare un impatto finanziario significativo per loro".

Aggiunge Woodgate: "I vettori che abbiamo interpellato hanno espresso notevole interesse per il nostro progetto, tanto che abbiamo siglato un memorandum d'intesa per l'utenza con diverse compagnie di navigazione globali che hanno sede sia in Europa sia in Asia". Woodgate spera che, una volta completato il programma di costruzione, questi memorandum d'intesa possano essere convertiti in contratti sottoscritti. "E stiamo parlando di volumi assai significativi" ha detto.

Jürgen Dorfmeier, presidente della Camera Marittima di Panama, pensa che, anche se qualche traffico dovesse essere soffiato al canale, questo non minaccerebbe la sua esistenza. "I traffici containerizzati rappresentano solamente circa un terzo dell'attività della PCA e peraltro la capacità della ferrovia è limitata" ha dichiarato. In effetti, egli considera qualsiasi forma di concorrenza come una buona cosa per l'utente finale, dal momento che i prezzi resterebbero concorrenziali ed il livello dei servizi migliorerebbe.

Ovviamente, i vettori dovranno soppesare i costi relativi all'utilizzazione della PCRC - ad esempio, bisogna considerare la doppia movimentazione dei contenitori - ed i prezzi sono un argomento su cui la PCRC al momento non vuole fare commenti.

Ciò comporterà altresì conseguenze sulla capacità della società di fare concorrenza al settore dell'autotrasporto, in particolar modo per quanto attiene alla movimentazione dei carichi da e per la costa occidentale e la Zona Franca Commerciale del Canale. Tuttavia, Starling ha detto di credere che ci siano questioni più importanti di quella afferente i prezzi. "La PCRC assicura ai suoi clienti una tratta protetta che è tranquilla, ininterrotta e soprattutto sicura" ha detto. "A Panama, le strade a pedaggio sono care e vi è l'elevato rischio che gli autocarri ed i carichi vengano manomessi".

La PCRC potrebbe anche trovarsi a competere con altri programmi alternativi al canale in America Centrale se venissero finalizzati i piani relativi al collegamento da costa a costa in Nicaragua.

La PCRC perseguirà la razionalizzazione dei costi correlata alle operazioni double-stack. Starling entra dei dettagli: "La nostra strategia di servizio si basa sull'effettuazione di convogli corti e frequenti. Ciascun treno sarà composto da sei tronchi di cinque carri con una capacità di carico massima di circa 80 containers".

E la PCRC ha intenzione di offrire ai propri clienti opportunità di carico refrigerato sin dall'inizio. "Nei nostri piani originali, non avevamo in mente di farlo" afferma Woodgate "ma i nostri potenziali clienti lo hanno richiesto e così stiamo facendo ricerche relative a generatori in grado di renderlo possibile".

Si pensa che, in qualsiasi momento, vi potranno essere tre convogli presenti nel sistema, uno in ciascun terminal portuale e l'altro in viaggio. "Dapprincipio, offriremo sei servizi giornalieri in entrambe le direzioni, ma abbiamo in programma l'incremento di tale numero sino ad almeno 10 treni ed abbiamo le capacità per aumentarli sino a 16". Le stime suggeriscono che ciò darebbe alla PCRC una capacità di trasporto annua pari ad almeno 550.000 TEU.

Ci si aspetta che i tempi di viaggio attraverso l'istmo siano in media di circa un'ora e mezza e che la velocità massima dei treni sia di 95 km/h.

La società metterà altresì in rilievo la velocità ed i rapidi tempi di lavorazione del proprio equipaggiamento, secondo Starling, il quale ha spiegato che verrà adottata una concezione del tipo "spinta e traino": "Posizioneremo un locomotore a ciascun capo del treno, eliminando così la necessità di cambiarli" ha detto. Inoltre, la società intende effettuare quanto più lavoro di manutenzione ordinaria e tecnico possibile mentre hanno luogo le attività di carico/scarico della merce. Questo dovrebbe ridurre i tempi di fermo-macchina dei locomotori.

Starling si aspetta che per l'operazione completa di scarico e carico occorrano al massimo due ore, mentre l'intero ciclo da nave a nave dovrebbe essere portato a termine in circa quattro ore. Ciò, rispetto ad un tempo di viaggio di una nave nel canale di otto ore.

Inizialmente, la PCRC per il servizio utilizzerà 5 impianti di seconda mano da 300 CV della Kansas City Southern. In una seconda fase, saranno aggiunte altre cinque unità.

L'investimento della società in hardware e nuove infrastrutture è supportato dalla installazione di un sistema interamente computerizzato che si occuperà della segnalazione, della gestione del piazzale ferroviario e del tracking dei carichi e dell'equipaggiamento. Inoltre, la PCRC è intenzionata a fornire un'interfaccia elettronica tra la ferrovia ed i suoi clienti. "Laddove possibile, desideriamo che tutti i manifesti e le istruzioni di trasporto marittimo siano trasmessi elettronicamente dal momento che questo fa risparmiare tempo e denaro" afferma Starling.

Il dirigente si è dimostrato riluttante a fare commenti sui probabili volumi di traffico. "Questo davvero dipende dalle singole strategie operative dei vettori e dalla loro risposta al nuovo terminal di Balboa" dichiara Starling. "Tuttavia, dato che Panama è all'incrocio fra i traffici europei, statunitensi, asiatici e latino-americani, i numeri sembrerebbero davvero entusiasmanti".

Woodgate è assai sicuro di sé riguardo alle prospettive inerenti ai carichi, essendo stato finora pesantemente coinvolto nei programmi di sviluppo del marketing e dell'attività della società. "Ci sono ancora difficoltà, poiché non abbiamo ancora un prodotto tangibile da vendere, ma la Maersk SeaLand, la Mediterranean Shipping Company, la Hanjin Shipping, la Evergreen Line e molti altri vettori globali sono rimasti impressionati dalle nostre presentazioni e dalle opportunità che Panama permette loro quale centro di snodo distributivo".

Il dirigente ravvisa altresì opportunità di forme di collaborazione con porti ed altri fornitori di trasporto allo scopo di offrire servizi logistici a valore aggiunto. Sostiene Starling: "Stiamo lavorando come i porti alla formulazione di piani quinquennali. Per la PCRC non è una gara di velocità, bensì una maratona. La nostra attività è mirata al lungo termine".

Circa il futuro, Starling crede che non ci sia la necessità di aumentare la capacità in termini di binari. A suo giudizio, i pendolari ed i croceristi assicureranno altri proventi in aggiunta a quelli derivanti dall'attività principale, il trasporto merci.

Dal momento che i lavori sono ben avviati e che a questo si aggiunge una strategia operativa, la PCRC sembra pronta per la rinascita. I prossimi anni a venire potrebbero annunciare un'altra età dell'oro per il settore ferroviario panamense.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2000)


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Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd benefit from the recovery of the container shipping market
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Global Port Holdings' revenues grew by 27% in the first half of this year.
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Hamburg
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Genoa
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Taipei
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Podgorica
Cargoes to and from Italy dropped by -40.6%
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Naples
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Genoa
Net profit of 20.0 million euros (-3.0%)
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Rome
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Terminal Investment Limited abandons Tercat acquisition
Brussels
It provided for joint control of the Barcelona terminal with Hutchison Ports
Work has been completed to activate cold ironing at the Porto Corsini cruise terminal in Ravenna.
Ravenna
Acceleration of the redevelopment process for the former CIVAM area in the port of Vibo Valentia Marina
Vibo Valentia
The area will be transformed into new yards for commercial logistics
Maersk Group sells Maersk Training and Maersk H2S Safety Services
Copenhagen
They will be sold to the US Open Gate Capital, specialized in industrial carve-out operations
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
In the April-June quarter, the port of Venice handled 6.3 million tons of goods (-1.2%)
Venice
Cruise passengers down by -15.3%
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna recorded a sharp increase of +10.9%
Ravenna
In the first six months of 2026 the increase was +5.9%
DP World acquires six GXO logistics sites in the UK
Dubai
186,000 square meters and 2,000 employees change hands: this is the transfer imposed by the British Antitrust for the acquisition of Wincanton
DHL soars in the second quarter, but not everywhere
Bonn
Revenue and EBIT in double digits. Express performed well, while Supply Chain and Post & Parcel Germany fared less well.
Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Athens
Rising costs impact profits
DP World to build temperature-controlled logistics hub in the port of Antwerp
Dubai/Kallo
GNV will activate a third maritime service to Algeria on Saturday
Genoa
The Civitavecchia-Annaba line will complement the existing routes from Sète to Algiers and Bejaia.
Danaos Corporation reports quarterly revenue growth of 4.7%.
Athens
The containership segment remains stable. Bulk carriers continue to contribute.
A bulk carrier hit by a shell in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton/London
One crew member is reportedly missing.
This year, 800,000 cruise passengers are expected in Messina.
Messina
Passengers make a direct expenditure of almost 16 million euros in the city
Container traffic at the Port of New York grew by 1.6% in the second quarter
New York
In the first six months of 2026, 4.43 million TEUs were handled (+0.2%)
HZ Cargo and Railtrans form joint venture for intermodal transport
Zagreb
The aim is to activate a traffic of over 500 thousand tons between the ports of Croatia and the markets of Central Europe.
ICTSI posts record net income of $363 million (+24.2%) in the second quarter
Manila
Another GasLog vessel hit while leaving the Persian Gulf
Piraeus/Southampton
Damage to the engine room
Finnlines reports record quarterly revenues
Helsinki
In the April-June period, net profit was 42.9 million euros (+64.7%)
Spinelli Group approves 2025 sustainability report
Genoa
Production value grew by 5%. New hires increased by 48%.
Fabrizio Marilli will be the new secretary general of the Central Adriatic Sea Port Authority.
Ancona
The Management Committee has approved the institution's budget adjustment
The Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority has adopted the 2026-2028 Port Plan.
Genoa
Projections for 2028 indicate an increase of approximately 150 employees in the ports of the system
The Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has approved the budget adjustment change.
Gioia Tauro
It records higher revenues and higher expenses of 1.69 million euros
One and a half million euros for training in Tuscan ports
Livorno
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority has presented its 2026-2028 training plan.
Terminali Italia will manage the Orte intermodal terminal starting next year.
Rome
It has approximately 96,000 square meters of yards and three tracks
Italy and Tunisia sign a collaboration agreement in the transport and logistics sector
Rome
Another Saudi-owned Bahri ship attacked by Houthis in the Red Sea
Southampton/Sana'a/Riyadh
Yemeni militants' spokesman claimed responsibility for the attack on the chemical tanker "NCC Ghazal"
The final breakthrough of the two main tunnels of the Brenner Base Tunnel was achieved today.
Bolzano
The two construction sites are connected approximately 1,400 meters below the Brenner Pass
UPS revenues increased 7.6% in the second quarter
Atlanta
Net profit amounted to $604 million (-52.9%)
In 2025, the revenues of the Italian logistics company Nord Ovest grew by +13.6%
Wedge
Net profit down 8.3%
Quarterly freight traffic increased at the ports of Algeciras and Barcelona. Valencia saw a decline.
Algeciras/Barcelona/
Valencia
Increase in containers at the Catalan port
Fincantieri signs agreement with NextGeo's reinvesting partners
Trieste
The operation is part of the development strategy in the diving segment
The update to the DPSS of the ports of Sardinia has been adopted.
Cagliari
Resolution of the Management Committee of the Port System Authority
ICTSI acquires the ATU12 and ATU18 bulk terminals at the Brazilian port of Aratu.
Sao Paulo/Manila
They will be sold by SIMPAR for approximately 355 million dollars
Konecranes reports decline in quarterly financial performance as orders increase
Helsinki
The value of orders relating to port equipment grew by +17%
Fourteen regions are in favor and five are against the bill on port governance reform.
Rome
Rixi: Let's now continue the institutional process with the aim of achieving a balanced reform.
Kuehne+Nagel's net sales increased by 8% in the second quarter.
Schindellegi
Performance improved markedly in the air freight segment
Assagenti's management team has been renewed.
Genoa
The composition of the executive committee and the chairmen of the commissions
DP World signs preliminary agreement to build two terminals at Fujairah Port
Dubai
VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Ends Joint Venture Plan for Block Factory with India's Cochin Shipyard
(Maeil Business Newspaper)
Empire buys back: After Tata, Adani can rewrite India's colonial past
(The Economic Times)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
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