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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 7-8/2000 - JULY/AUGUST 2000

Railway Transport

La ferrovia panamense: un'alternativa al canale

"La PCRC (Panama Canal Railway) è considerata come un tesoro nazionale, realizzata - come in effetti è avvenuto - durante la corsa all'oro californiano" ha dichiarato l'attuale presidente della società, David Starling. "I nostri programmi daranno definitivamente nuova vita alla società ed annunciano una nuova era per il gruppo".

La PCRC spera che l'oro, questa volta, si materializzi sotto forma di contenitori marittimi, sebbene Starling abbia alluso alle interessanti opportunità che si presentano al momento anche sui fronti dei croceristi e dei pendolari.

Starling ha altresì sottolineato la stretta relazione esistente tra il canale e la ferrovia, una situazione che a suo parere continuerà in futuro.

"John Stevens, l'ingegnere statunitense, si servì della PCRC per contribuire alla costruzione del canale" spiega Starling. "Stiamo ristrutturando la ferrovia affinché essa diventi un complemento alle infrastrutture del canale ed al fine di aiutare Panama a svolgere compiutamente il suo ruolo di importante centro distributivo e marittimo per le Americhe".

Starling ritiene che i vettori marittimi, gli spedizionieri di merci, i terzi fornitori di logistica ed i caricatori guarderanno più favorevolmente a Panama quale centro di snodo emisferico per la distribuzione se potranno avere "accesso ad una buona gamma di opzioni di trasporto concorrenziali dal punto di vista dei costi ed efficienti".

"I porti sono stati migliorati, il canale è stato allargato e la ferrovia è in fase di rinascita" ha dichiarato. "Le nostre operazioni offriranno un servizio double-stack ad elevati volumi tra i porti del Pacifico e dell'Atlantico, Zona Franca Commerciale di Colon compresa. Saranno costruiti due piazzali ferroviari intermodali appositamente progettati ed i carichi resteranno in attesa di sdoganamento per tutta la durata del viaggio".

Il completamento del terminal containers di Balboa sulla costa del Pacifico è decisivo per il successo della PCRC. "Balboa sarà l'infrastruttura per la movimentazione dei contenitori meglio equipaggiata sulla costa occidentale dell'America Centrale e Meridionale e fornirà alle linee di navigazione una moltitudine di opzioni di rotta diverse" ha dichiarato Starling. "Dati i volumi trans-istmici di cui si parla ed alla luce dell'esperienza del MIT (Manzanillo International Terminal) sulla costa atlantica, la ferrovia appare assolutamente decisiva".

Un'opzione a disposizione dei vettori containerizzati, ad esempio, è quella che consente loro di scaricare i propri contenitori nel porto sia del Pacifico che dell'Atlantico e poi servirsi della connessione ferroviaria per movimentarli attraverso la tratta terrestre. Gli operatori di linea avrebbero inoltre la possibilità di impiegare tonnellaggio post-Panamax poiché Balboa ed il MIT hanno entrambi investito in gru a cavalletto bordo-costa al fine di movimentare tali navi.

Il dirigente, tuttavia, ha smentito l'esistenza di qualsiasi problema di concorrenza con il canale. "Noi consideriamo la PCRC come un complemento del canale e la PCA (Autorità del Canale di Panama) è d'accordo con noi" sottolinea Starling. "Dal momento che i principali porti di Panama sono in grado di movimentare il tonnellaggio post-Panamax, in realtà noi ci stiamo dando da fare allo scopo di attirare nuovo traffico di trasbordo e questo sarà un bene per tutti".

Starling, ad esempio, non ritiene che le attuali compagnie di navigazione di linea che transitano regolarmente per il canale vogliano improvvisamente rinnovare i propri regimi operativi ed impiegare il tonnellaggio post-Panamax secondo modalità di servizio dedicate ad entrambe le estremità del canale, sebbene egli ammetta che questa possa essere una possibilità.

Rodolfo Sabonge, direttore della pianificazione e del marketing della PCA, è d'accordo. "I volumi sono notevoli e la PCRC ed i porti non hanno risorse adeguate per questo tipo di operazioni" ha detto. "La PCRC avrebbe bisogno di quattro binari e poi ci vorrebbe una capacità portuale moltiplicata per cinque... la logistica ed i costi per assicurare ciò sarebbero proibitivi".

In effetti, si ritiene che la PCRC possa mettere in grado gli attuali vettori marittimi di utilizzare il canale di Panama al fine di massimizzare le proprie operazioni navali. "A causa dei problemi di visibilità e di pescaggio nella zona del canale, le navi spesso arrivano a Panama solo parzialmente cariche" spiega Clay Woodgate, uno dei direttori della Lancon, la società-holding della Mi-Jack, azionista della PCRC. "Noi possiamo contribuire a cambiare questa situazione consentendo ai vettori di caricare forse altri 200-300 contenitori sulle loro navi, migliorando così le economie di viaggio della loro tratta primaria di trasporto. Poi ci penseremmo noi a movimentare questi contenitori attraverso l'istmo per ferrovia. Dal momento che si tratta di attività aggiuntiva per i vettori, ciò potrebbe comportare un impatto finanziario significativo per loro".

Aggiunge Woodgate: "I vettori che abbiamo interpellato hanno espresso notevole interesse per il nostro progetto, tanto che abbiamo siglato un memorandum d'intesa per l'utenza con diverse compagnie di navigazione globali che hanno sede sia in Europa sia in Asia". Woodgate spera che, una volta completato il programma di costruzione, questi memorandum d'intesa possano essere convertiti in contratti sottoscritti. "E stiamo parlando di volumi assai significativi" ha detto.

Jürgen Dorfmeier, presidente della Camera Marittima di Panama, pensa che, anche se qualche traffico dovesse essere soffiato al canale, questo non minaccerebbe la sua esistenza. "I traffici containerizzati rappresentano solamente circa un terzo dell'attività della PCA e peraltro la capacità della ferrovia è limitata" ha dichiarato. In effetti, egli considera qualsiasi forma di concorrenza come una buona cosa per l'utente finale, dal momento che i prezzi resterebbero concorrenziali ed il livello dei servizi migliorerebbe.

Ovviamente, i vettori dovranno soppesare i costi relativi all'utilizzazione della PCRC - ad esempio, bisogna considerare la doppia movimentazione dei contenitori - ed i prezzi sono un argomento su cui la PCRC al momento non vuole fare commenti.

Ciò comporterà altresì conseguenze sulla capacità della società di fare concorrenza al settore dell'autotrasporto, in particolar modo per quanto attiene alla movimentazione dei carichi da e per la costa occidentale e la Zona Franca Commerciale del Canale. Tuttavia, Starling ha detto di credere che ci siano questioni più importanti di quella afferente i prezzi. "La PCRC assicura ai suoi clienti una tratta protetta che è tranquilla, ininterrotta e soprattutto sicura" ha detto. "A Panama, le strade a pedaggio sono care e vi è l'elevato rischio che gli autocarri ed i carichi vengano manomessi".

La PCRC potrebbe anche trovarsi a competere con altri programmi alternativi al canale in America Centrale se venissero finalizzati i piani relativi al collegamento da costa a costa in Nicaragua.

La PCRC perseguirà la razionalizzazione dei costi correlata alle operazioni double-stack. Starling entra dei dettagli: "La nostra strategia di servizio si basa sull'effettuazione di convogli corti e frequenti. Ciascun treno sarà composto da sei tronchi di cinque carri con una capacità di carico massima di circa 80 containers".

E la PCRC ha intenzione di offrire ai propri clienti opportunità di carico refrigerato sin dall'inizio. "Nei nostri piani originali, non avevamo in mente di farlo" afferma Woodgate "ma i nostri potenziali clienti lo hanno richiesto e così stiamo facendo ricerche relative a generatori in grado di renderlo possibile".

Si pensa che, in qualsiasi momento, vi potranno essere tre convogli presenti nel sistema, uno in ciascun terminal portuale e l'altro in viaggio. "Dapprincipio, offriremo sei servizi giornalieri in entrambe le direzioni, ma abbiamo in programma l'incremento di tale numero sino ad almeno 10 treni ed abbiamo le capacità per aumentarli sino a 16". Le stime suggeriscono che ciò darebbe alla PCRC una capacità di trasporto annua pari ad almeno 550.000 TEU.

Ci si aspetta che i tempi di viaggio attraverso l'istmo siano in media di circa un'ora e mezza e che la velocità massima dei treni sia di 95 km/h.

La società metterà altresì in rilievo la velocità ed i rapidi tempi di lavorazione del proprio equipaggiamento, secondo Starling, il quale ha spiegato che verrà adottata una concezione del tipo "spinta e traino": "Posizioneremo un locomotore a ciascun capo del treno, eliminando così la necessità di cambiarli" ha detto. Inoltre, la società intende effettuare quanto più lavoro di manutenzione ordinaria e tecnico possibile mentre hanno luogo le attività di carico/scarico della merce. Questo dovrebbe ridurre i tempi di fermo-macchina dei locomotori.

Starling si aspetta che per l'operazione completa di scarico e carico occorrano al massimo due ore, mentre l'intero ciclo da nave a nave dovrebbe essere portato a termine in circa quattro ore. Ciò, rispetto ad un tempo di viaggio di una nave nel canale di otto ore.

Inizialmente, la PCRC per il servizio utilizzerà 5 impianti di seconda mano da 300 CV della Kansas City Southern. In una seconda fase, saranno aggiunte altre cinque unità.

L'investimento della società in hardware e nuove infrastrutture è supportato dalla installazione di un sistema interamente computerizzato che si occuperà della segnalazione, della gestione del piazzale ferroviario e del tracking dei carichi e dell'equipaggiamento. Inoltre, la PCRC è intenzionata a fornire un'interfaccia elettronica tra la ferrovia ed i suoi clienti. "Laddove possibile, desideriamo che tutti i manifesti e le istruzioni di trasporto marittimo siano trasmessi elettronicamente dal momento che questo fa risparmiare tempo e denaro" afferma Starling.

Il dirigente si è dimostrato riluttante a fare commenti sui probabili volumi di traffico. "Questo davvero dipende dalle singole strategie operative dei vettori e dalla loro risposta al nuovo terminal di Balboa" dichiara Starling. "Tuttavia, dato che Panama è all'incrocio fra i traffici europei, statunitensi, asiatici e latino-americani, i numeri sembrerebbero davvero entusiasmanti".

Woodgate è assai sicuro di sé riguardo alle prospettive inerenti ai carichi, essendo stato finora pesantemente coinvolto nei programmi di sviluppo del marketing e dell'attività della società. "Ci sono ancora difficoltà, poiché non abbiamo ancora un prodotto tangibile da vendere, ma la Maersk SeaLand, la Mediterranean Shipping Company, la Hanjin Shipping, la Evergreen Line e molti altri vettori globali sono rimasti impressionati dalle nostre presentazioni e dalle opportunità che Panama permette loro quale centro di snodo distributivo".

Il dirigente ravvisa altresì opportunità di forme di collaborazione con porti ed altri fornitori di trasporto allo scopo di offrire servizi logistici a valore aggiunto. Sostiene Starling: "Stiamo lavorando come i porti alla formulazione di piani quinquennali. Per la PCRC non è una gara di velocità, bensì una maratona. La nostra attività è mirata al lungo termine".

Circa il futuro, Starling crede che non ci sia la necessità di aumentare la capacità in termini di binari. A suo giudizio, i pendolari ed i croceristi assicureranno altri proventi in aggiunta a quelli derivanti dall'attività principale, il trasporto merci.

Dal momento che i lavori sono ben avviati e che a questo si aggiunge una strategia operativa, la PCRC sembra pronta per la rinascita. I prossimi anni a venire potrebbero annunciare un'altra età dell'oro per il settore ferroviario panamense.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2000)


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The increase in empty garages has offset the decrease in full ones
Gulftainer to acquire stake in Thailand's Suksawat Terminal
Sharjah/Bangkok
It is located on the Chao Phraya River, in Bangkok
Robo.ai establishes a company specializing in maritime and submarine security
Abu Dhabi
Al-Mansory: We will produce locally and provide solutions for markets around the world
Kombiverkehr has taken full control of Spanish company Combiberia
Frankfurt am Main
The shares were acquired from the other 20 members
US forces hit five Iranian oil tankers
Tampa
Attacks in the Gulf of Oman and near Kharg Island
Conditions met for the acquisition of AD Ports by Abu Dhabi's sovereign wealth fund
Abu Dhabi
Construction of the above-ground section of Genoa's new breakwater has begun.
Milan
Construction of the wave barrier is underway
For the first time, a woman leads the Panama Canal Authority.
Balboa
Engineer Ilya Espino de Marotta's term will expire in 2033.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Port reform will be discussed in Genoa on October 2nd.
Genoa
Workshop organized by the AdSP and the Altero Matteoli association
"A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 9th
Lugano
Ninth edition of the International Forum on Transport and Infrastructure
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Blu Navy has acquired a stake in Banca dell'Elba
Portoferraio
Schenone: We are a group united by the desire to contribute to the economic and social development of the island.
HMM signs a contract worth approximately $3.5 billion with Vale
Seoul
It involves the maritime transport of iron ore on behalf of the Brazilian company
Kongsberg Maritime signs deal to buy Finland's Steerprop
Oslo
The Rauma-based company designs and manufactures marine propulsion systems
New drug seizure in the port of Livorno
Livorno
53 kilograms of pure cocaine in a container from Peru
In the first three months of 2026, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -4.0%
Brussels
Landings and embarkations decreased by -2.0% and -6.4% respectively
A series of meetings on the new Port System Master Plan for the ports of Genoa and Savona-Vado has begun.
Genoa
The new concession agreement with Amico & Co Spa has been finalized.
MacGregor will celebrate the 65th anniversary of its Italian branch in Genoa
Genoa
The company is based in the Naval Repair area of the port of Genoa
Port of Ravenna: Extraordinary maintenance of the "truck-accessible" section of Via Baiona has been approved.
Ravenna
Anemoi wind propulsion system to be installed on a Maersk container ship
London
The aim is to increase the ship's energy efficiency and reduce its emissions.
The selection process for the new Secretary General of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea Port Authority has begun.
Ravenna
Expressions of interest to be submitted by September 21st
MacGregor opens a new technical assistance center in Trieste
Stockholm
The main focus will be the European area, including the specialized megayacht sector.
Tanker hit by three shells in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
An accident also in the Indian Ocean
Floriana Gallucci is the new secretary general of the Ionian Sea Port Authority.
Taranto
The Management Committee of the institution has approved the appointment
Crew of ferry that sank in Northern Cyprus arrested
Nicosia
Eight people died in the accident. 17 other passengers are missing.
Singamas's profit halved in the first half of 2026
Hong Kong
The Chinese company is focusing on energy containers. During the period, sales of specialized containers exceeded those of standard boxes for the first time.
CIMC sells more containers, but profits plummet
Hong Kong
Half-year profit in this business segment fell by -81.2%
In the first half of this year, China
COSCO Shipping Ports reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Hong Kong
Net income for the first six months of 2026 was $276.6 million (+23.2%)
In the first six months of 2026, CMPort's revenues grew by +13%
Hong Kong
Net profit up 7.4%
Meyer Werft revenues to grow by 107% in 2025
Papenburg
The financial year ended with a net loss of -383.8 million euros
Messina will launch the new West Med Line scheduled service in September
Genoa
It will bring together existing services for Algeria and Libya
The launch of the luxury cruise ship Oceania Sonata was celebrated in Marghera
Trieste
The unit is scheduled for delivery in 2027.
Tarros will include the port of Salerno in its Italy-Libya Express service.
La Spezia
The vessel "Vento di Zefiro" will be placed on the route
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