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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XIX - Number 5/2001 - MAY 2001

Trasporto marittimo

Vettori ad alto valore aggiunto

Un recente studio di Containerisation International mostra una crescita forte nella logistica e nei servizi ad alto valore aggiunto forniti dai grandi vettori oceanici. Sulla base di questa ricerca si tenta di esaminare più attentamente il mercato in questione.

Non sono solo i 3PLs o i 4PLs (ndr: Third-Fourth Party Logistics Providers) gli unici ad essere in grado di offrire logistica e servizi ad elevato valore aggiunto agli spedizionieri. Un piccolo numero di vettori oceanici ha continuato a fornire questo tipo di servizio fin dagli anni Settanta, e nell'ultimo paio d'anni più vettori hanno iniziato a seguire l'esempio. Queste compagnie si sono rese conto che il trasporto merci oceanico costituisce uno solo dei tanti anelli della supply chain, e prestare dei servizi di logistica efficienti non può che giovare all'intera chain ed arrecare benefici sostanziali in termini di vantaggi competitivi.

I servizi forniti da queste compagnie includono il trasporto merci locale su gomma, procedure di sdoganamento, stoccaggio, gestione delle attività di distribuzione e di magazzino. Si vedono anche grosse opportunità in tutta una miriade di servizi ad alto valore aggiunto che i 3PLs e i 4PLs danno agli spedizionieri quale core business.

I vettori oceanici si stanno attrezzando ora per fornire lo stesso tipo di servizi e così facendo minacciano sia i trasportatori oceanici che tutti gli altri fornitori di servizi logistici, perché insidiano i loro mercati e strappano loro di mano dei nuovi affari cogli spedizionieri. L'ambiente d'affari è reso anche più competitivo da molte delle attività ad alto valore aggiunto offerte dai vettori, attività che prima erano tradizionalmente da loro stessi intraprese, durante il corso normale delle operazioni commerciali. Comunque, l'abitudine di esternalizzare a terzi i servizi di logistica ha dato delle concrete opportunità ai 3PLs negli ultimi anni. Invero, le opportunità per i vettori che sono capaci di offrire servizi simili a quelli dei 3PLs sono anche maggiori per questo fenomeno di outsourcing.

L'ambiente più competitivo ha avuto un impatto sui trasportatori di merci coinvolti in tutti i modi di trasporto, quali NVOOCCs (OTIs negli USA). L'OSRA (Ocean Shipping Reform Act) ha avuto un effetto avverso sugli intermediari di minori dimensioni degli USA dalla sua introduzione nel 1999.

La diversificazione dei vettori oceanici in servizi ad alto valore aggiunto è un ulteriore impedimento alla profittabilità degli intermediari. Frank De La Torre, vice presidente in carica della Alliance International, una della maggiori NVOCCs negli USA, ha sintetizzato le preoccupazioni degli intermediari a Containerisation International: "I vettori stanno lavorando strenuamente per fornire gli stessi servizi che gli intermediari stanno già producendo da tempo molto bene. Ma dopo tutto, chi vuole lavorare con un servizio monodimensionale? Non c'è proprio più niente da dire senza soffiare fumo nelle orecchie della gente".

Gli effetti dell'OSRA sono stati sentiti dai vettori oceanici nel senso di aver creato un più forte ambiente competitivo. Questo è dovuto alla deregulation dell'industria navale dei containers degli USA degli ultimi due anni, che ha permesso contratti di fiducia tra vettori e spedizionieri. È una delle ragioni per cui c'è stata una forte crescita nell'attività logistica dei vettori nello scorso biennio. Questo incremento di attività si esprime soprattutto in due categorie: il re-branding e la diversificazione.

La crescita nelle attività di logistica è anche dovuta ai decrementi nei margini di profitto dell'industria navale dei containers. Le tariffe di trasporto merci sono state basse negli ultimi anni e solo ora stanno iniziando a recuperare. Perciò, i vettori oceanici sono stati costretti a considerare altri modi per ottenere maggiori livelli di profittabilità. Essi hanno visto delle opportunità in altri segmenti della supply chain, come, ad esempio,, la diversificazione in varie modalità di trasporto. I vettori che hanno diversificato in questo modo hanno scoperto che i guadagni sono stati alti per alcune delle loro attività di logistica, soprattutto i servizi di inoltro delle merci, quali il consolidamento, il trasporto su gomma e lo stoccaggio.

Dopo tutto, lo spedizioniere ha molti benefici se si avvantaggia di un negozio one-stop. Ovvero, utilizzare un solo fornitore per più modalità di trasporto dà allo spedizioniere più controllo sull'intera supply chain e gli stessi servizi sono più affidabili. Avere un maggiore controllo sulla supply chain, oltre che per gli spedizionieri, è un vantaggio anche per gli stessi vettori, che così seguono tutti i singoli passaggi del trasporto door-to-door e le stesse operazioni intermodali.

Le prestazioni di logistica e di servizi a valore aggiunto elevato in cui sono coinvolti i vettori oceanici possono includere operazioni relativamente semplici, come il packing o il completamento di documenti di varia natura, e servizi altamente complessi, dove sono richiesti knowledge e competenze maggiori, come il management degli ordini di acquisto in relazione ai vari flussi di vendita. In alcune circostanze addirittura il vettore è direttamente chiamato in causa dal cliente, che esternalizza certi servizi presso il vettore stesso, che acquisisce così un'enorme rilevanza strategica.

Per avere informazioni più chiare in materia, è stato sottoposto un questionario, da Containerisation International, ai maggiori venti vettori oceanici, in cui si chiedeva di indicare i principali servizi di logistica e a valore aggiunto elevato che questi prestano. La ricerca ha rivelato che, per tutte le compagnie, la gamma di servizi logistici offerti varia da regione a regione, e dipende anche dal fatto che il vettore offra direttamente un certo tipo di servizio oppure lo esternalizzi impiegando un terzo operatore. Inoltre, si è notato che i servizi offerti non sono quasi mai standardizzati, ma anzi sono spesso ad hoc, customizzati sulle esigenze del cliente. Quando non si riesce a produrre servizi ad hoc all'interno, l'esternalizzazione di essi all'esterno appare la via più semplice, anche perché spesso gli operatori terzi a cui vengono affidati gli incarichi sono ditte di minori dimensioni di rilevanza locale e regionale e conoscono meglio i parametri del mercato, dell'area geografica e le esigenze dei clienti del posto. Ad esempio, la Maersk Sealand, grande multinazionale, affida ad operatori terzi tutti i processi di contrattazione a diretto contatto con il cliente, fornisce da sola i servizi di tracking&tracing e consolidation.

Molti vettori seguono anche la via della separazione tra logistica e servizi di trasporto merci oceanico. Per alcuni vettori sono maggiormente profittevoli logistica e servizi a valore aggiunto elevato, che crescono di più e più in fretta, rispetto al trasporto oceanico. Così detti servizi sono affidati a terzi che riescono a focalizzare meglio il settore e sfruttare al massimo questo trend di crescita.

Attualmente la crescita è molto forte per la OOCL e la APL, compagnie a forte vocazione logistica. La Cargo System ha registrato un volume di crescita per esse nel 2000 del 24%. Ted Wand, amministratore delegato della OOCL, ha così motivato la crescita: "La OOCL vede un buon potenziale nello sviluppo di soluzioni logistiche per i clienti. In particolare, possiamo aiutare i clienti a sviluppare i loro affari in Cina sia a livello internazionale con la nostra logistics provider Cargo System sia a livello domestico attraverso la OOCL China Domestic Ltd, ditta in forte sviluppo in sette diverse postazioni strategiche nella Repubblica Popolare e a stretto contatto con le maggiori multinazionali".

La APL dal canto suo ha appena annunciato un incremento nel proprio volume d'affari del 70%, mediante l'acquisizione della GATX Logistics con sede a Jacksonville, Florida. La GATX è la seconda logistics provider per dimensioni negli States, e una delle principali in tutta l'America. Essa opera con uffici separati un 53 Paesi in tutto il mondo e nel 1998 è stata ricompresa nella top ten dei logistics providers statunitensi.

Comunque, non tutti gli operatori di logistica separano così nettamente trasporto oceanico e attività di logistica. Ad esempio, il gruppo NYK ha recentemente coniato un logo nuovo, NYK Logistics&Megacarrier, che incorpora in un disegno a doppie ali la volontà di integrare trasporto oltremare e servizi di logistica.

Il risultato di tutti questi cambiamenti è una accresciuta competitività nel mercato della logistica. Si è allargato il range dei competitors. I vettori infatti, oltre che competere tra loro, devono anche concorrere con 3PLs e 4PLs, nonché con gli spedizionieri. C'è anche da dire però che questo trend ha portato pure a ulteriori segmentazioni e specializzazioni delle funzioni delle imprese già operanti, a tutto vantaggio dei clienti e degli utilizzatori finali. A titolo di esempio si può considerare la Cargo System, che si è specializzata nei vestiti, nell'abbigliamento in generale e nell'industria dei prodotti al consumo, mentre la P&O Nedlloyd Value Added Services è particolarmente attiva nel chimico, nel commercio al minuto, nelle autovetture e nel settore del vino.

È inutile dire che i vantaggi per gli spedizionieri sono ancora maggiori. C'è da un lato molto più controllo della supply chain, mentre dall'altro la comodità è sempre più elevata dato che l'approccio è del tipo one-stop shop. Se il mercato si evolverà ancora in questo senso, ci sarà una sempre maggiore integrazione tra supply chain, trasporto oceanico e servizi di logistica, e gli spedizionieri ne trarranno grandi benefici in termini di valore aggiunto sempre più alto apportato ai loro servizi.
(da: Containerisation International, Aprile 2001)


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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
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The total investment is 41 million euros
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Helsinki
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New ART provision on regulatory measures for the awarding of maritime cabotage services
Rome
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Rome
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Confitarma welcomes the approval of the bill to enhance marine resources.
Rome
Zanetti: a further step in the direction long indicated by the Confederation
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Livorno/Trieste
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Record quarterly freight traffic in Albanian ports
Tirana
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Hedehusene
Downturn due to extraordinary expenses for the merger with Schenker
The 2025 budget of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Gioia Tauro
Administrative surplus of 128.9 million euros
Filt, Fit and Uilt urge the Western Liguria Port Authority to focus on worker and safety issues
Genoa
A meeting of port workers next Tuesday
Rixi: Additional resources for the completion of Genoa's new breakwater.
Rome
They will be used for the consolidation of the seabed and for design adjustments
Chinese terminal operators COSCO Shipping Ports and CMPort report increased quarterly revenues.
Hong Kong
Increases determined by the greater volume of containers handled by port terminals
Dirk Jan Storm has been appointed president of PSA Italy
Genoa
He takes over from Marco Conforti, who has reached the end of his three-year term.
In the first three months of 2026, CIMC's container sales decreased by -10.5%
Hong Kong
Dry box sales dropped 13.3%. Reefer sales increased 30.2%.
The Western Sicily Port Authority opens access to funds for the PNRR training program to entities with private contracts.
Palermo
Rhenus has acquired the entire capital of LBH Global Agencies
Holzwickede
51% stake acquired from the Lagendijk family
The Genoa Port Authority's 2025 report on ship emissions has been published.
Genoa
228 inspections carried out to verify nitrogen oxide emission levels
Assoporti's second traveling assembly in Bari
Bari
The first meeting held in Venice follows
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Cavotec records record orders in the maritime-port segment
Stockholm
Strong demand for shore power system installations
FS Logistix-ANITA launches its new Bologna-Marcianise freight rail service.
Rome
Perform four weekly rotations
Taiwanese Evergreen, Yang Ming and Wan Hai Lines saw quarterly revenue decline
Taipei/Keelung
In March, the decreases were -17.8%, -5.9% and -10.7% respectively.
Gianpaolo Serpagli is the new president of the Unione Interporti Riuniti.
Rome
He is president of Cepim Spa - Parma Interport
From GreenMedPorts a pragmatic approach to the development of green maritime corridors in the Mediterranean
Livorno
The concession term for APM Terminals' terminal in Valencia has been extended by eight years.
Valencia
It will expire in 2049 upon reaching 50 years
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Valencia/Madrid
Cruise passengers grow by +15.7%
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the PCTC Grande Inghilterra
Naples
The vessel has a maximum capacity of 9,000 TEUs
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Portoferraio
ABB Group revenues grew by 18% in the first quarter of 2026
Zurich
Strong increase (+32%) in the value of new orders
Contship Italia has joined the Smart Freight Centre
Melzo
The international organization is committed to the decarbonization of freight transport
Container traffic at CMPort terminals grew by 4.4% in the first quarter
Hong Kong
Record for this time of year
CargoBeamer has extended its Liège-Domodossola intermodal service to the Parma Interporto.
Leipzig
Six round trips per week were made
The antitrust authority has approved Medlog's acquisition of MVN.
Rome
The deadline for concluding the proceedings regarding the Messina-Terminal San Giorgio merger has been extended to May 27.
Fincantieri Marinette Marine shipyard to build aluminum naval drones
National Harbor
The autonomous naval vessels, weighing 250 tons, will be 52 meters long and have a maximum speed of 30 knots.
Truck driver hit and killed at a road haulage strike picket line
Rome
Trasportounito suspends the national shutdown of the sector
CK Hutchison reports record annual revenues in the port segment
Hong Kong
Turnover generated by European terminals grew by +13%
The public meeting of the Genoa freight forwarders' association will be held on April 27th.
Genoa
Meeting at the Stock Exchange Palace
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new Pure Car & Truck Carrier vessel Grande Tokyo.
Naples
It has a cargo capacity of 9,241 ceu
Falteri (Federlogistica): The crisis in the Persian Gulf does not justify such rapid and widespread increases in energy prices.
Genoa
GNV has introduced a former Moby ferry into its fleet
Genoa
The ship will undergo refitting operations
Over 65 kilos of cocaine were seized in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
They were hidden at the bottom of a wooden chest of drawers
Bunkering in the port of Rotterdam decreased by -25% in the first quarter
Rotterdam/Paris
Container traffic at COSCO Shipping Ports terminals grew by 9.0% in the first three months of 2026.
Hong Kong
In the Mediterranean, there has been an exceptional increase in activity at the Egyptian SCCT terminal in Port Said.
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach decreased by 5.7% in the first three months of 2026.
Long Beach
In March the decline was -5.2%
Brussels authorizes SFPIM's acquisition of Belgian company Lineas
Brussels
No competition issues identified
Saipem has been awarded two offshore contracts in Saudi Arabia
Milan
The value of the orders amounts to approximately 400 million dollars
FS Logistix tests the first smart train on the Milan-Catania line
Rome
The fleet upgrade has reached 700 digitized railcars
Fincantieri Marine Group has been awarded a first contract under the US Navy's LSM program.
Trieste
$30 million order
Another sharp reduction in quarterly freight traffic at the port of Taranto
Taranto
Solid bulk and conventional cargo halved
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by -6.1% in the first quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
In March the decrease was -5.5%
Comparison between Italian ports and Florida ports
Miami
The Italian port system presents itself at Seatrade Cruise Global 2026 in Miami
The Boards of Directors of Interporto Padova and Padova Hall have approved the merger plan of the companies
Padua
A court-appointed expert will have to establish the final exchange ratio
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
From May 21st to 23rd, Ravenna will host "Deportibus - The Festival of Ports Connecting the World."
Ravenna
Three days of round tables, conferences, interviews, meetings and shows to tell the story of the port
The public meeting of the Genoa freight forwarders' association will be held on April 27th.
Genoa
Appointment at the Stock Exchange Palace
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Shipbuilding's Spring Illusion: Backbone Collapses
(The Chosun Daily)
Russian shipbuilding holding USC designing high ice-class container ship for Rosatom for Northern Sea Route
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles decreased by 4.6% in the first three months of 2026.
Los Angeles
In March alone, 752,519 TEUs were handled (-3.3%)
CMA CGM to buy Lebanese group Fattal
Marseille
The company is active in the distribution and marketing of international brands in the Middle East and North Africa.
A record cruise traffic of 15.1 million passengers is expected in Italian ports in 2026
Miami
Senesi (Cemar): growth of a new type of high-spending clientele
Finnish shipyard Meyer Turku achieved record turnover in 2025
Turku
Annual net profit of 83.8 million euros (+21.6%)
Marseille-Fos Port inaugurates cold ironing for simultaneous connection of three large cruise ships.
Marseille
Global Ports Holding to Manage Cruise Terminal at Port of Acapulco
Acapulco
Construction of a new dock is planned
A consortium has been formed in La Spezia to share data and improve supply chain efficiency.
La Spezia
Oats: Logistics efficiency depends on dialogue between all components of the supply chain.
In the first quarter, containers carried by OOCL vessels increased by +1.7%
Hong Kong
Revenues from this activity decreased by -7.6%
Francesco Di Leverano is the new secretary general of the Southern Adriatic Port Authority.
Bari
His four-year term will begin on May 11
Discount for large-capacity container ships transiting the Suez Canal suspended
Ismailia
It was in force from 15 May 2025
In February, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna decreased by -8.9%
Ravenna
An increase of +1.3% is expected for the month of March
Over 600 illegal workers discovered in the logistics sector
Rome
Coordinated and continuous collaboration contracts that masked actual subordinate employment relationships
RINA and Hanwha collaborate on battery-hybrid propulsion systems for ferries
Genoa/Busan
The projects will concern both existing and newly built vessels
French shipping company TOWT has been placed into administration
Le Havre
The company has two sailing cargo ships
Casciano (Vado Gateway): The final design for the new Bossarino toll booth in Vado Ligure has received approval.
Vado Ligure
The hope - he said - is that the work can be completed as soon as possible.
A forum on the economy, ports, and investments between Italy and North Africa will be held in La Spezia.
La Spezia
Scheduled for April 9th and 10th at the headquarters of the Port Authority of the Eastern Ligurian Sea
The Italian government has extended the reduction in excise duties on fuel
Rome
The deadline has been extended to May 1st. 60% of the resources come from the ETS.
Number of ships undergoing repairs in Greece remains stable
Piraeus
Interventions carried out in dry dock are decreasing
The Gaia Blu research vessel will serve as Italy's technological platform for autonomous navigation.
Rome
Towing operations of the LNG vessel Arctic Metagaz fail.
Tripoli
The LNG carrier is currently out of control and adrift
Yesterday a bulk carrier ran aground while transiting the Suez Canal
Ismailia
The incident was resolved within four hours
Confitarma and Assarmatori: The crisis puts maritime connections to the islands at risk.
Rome
Dominguez (IMO) urges States to coordinate to address the Hormuz maritime crisis
London
Since February 28, 21 attacks against vessels have occurred in the area
The La Spezia freight forwarders' association is urging measures to maintain the port's operational efficiency.
La Spezia
Due Torri is equipping itself with a 15,000-square-meter logistics hub at the Bologna Interporto.
Minerbio
In 2025, the Emilian company's turnover grew by +13.9%
The 2026 Italian Port Days program will begin soon.
Rome
The theme is "Italy, Gateway to the Mediterranean: Dialogues between Landings and Cities"
Port of La Spezia: First test for hydrogen refueling from dockside mobile vehicle to vessel
La Spezia
Bunkering trials at the Baglietto shipyard
NYK consolidates its operations in the dry bulk maritime transport segment
Tokyo
Group leaders appointed in eight European countries
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