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16 August 2026 - Year XXX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 4/2002 - APRIL 2002

Studi e ricerche

Verso portacontainers ancora più grandi?

Nell'ormai lontano 1997, la APL fece il coraggioso passo di ordinare le prime portacontenitori in assoluto troppo grandi per poter transitare dal Canale di Panama: la classe "C-10" da 4.300 TEU. Questa serie pionieristica di portacontainers post-panamax era stata ispirata dal boom dei traffici dei mercati transpacifici prioritari per la APL e dal fatto che a quel tempo la compagnia di navigazione (tuttora di proprietà statunitense) era probabilmente l'unico importante vettore marittimo che non effettuava alcun servizio attraverso il Canale di Panama.

Successivamente alle C-10, vi è stato un enorme influsso di questo tipo di navi, in particolar modo negli ultimi due anni, per quanto attiene il servizio nella maggior parte delle flotte dei principali operatori di linea mondiali. I vantaggi economici derivanti dall'utilizzazione di portacontainers sempre più grandi sono ben noti. Secondo gli ultimi dati on-line di Containerisation International, le 201 navi post-panamax (rispetto ad una flotta complessiva di quasi 2.900 navi) già assicurano il 22% della capacità mondiale cellulare, pari a 5,3 milioni di TEU, è questa cifra è sul punto di crescere entro il 2003 fino ad un tasso del 28%.


Dal momento della consegna delle serie C-10, uno stabile incremento delle dimensioni degli scafi e delle capacità di stivaggio sui ponti ha consentito l'accoglienza a bordo di maggiori quantitativi di box. La decisione di affidarsi a scafi più grandi ha raggiunto il proprio apice nel 1997, allorquando la Maersk Sealand ha preso in consegna la Sovereign Maersk da 6.600 TEU. Questa nave di costruzione danese e le sue successive 14 gemelle hanno una lunghezza di 347 metri ed un baglio di 43 metri; in pratica, sono 72 metri più lunghe e 4 metri più larghe delle unità della classe C-10. Fatta eccezione per quelle ordinazioni in atto che dichiarano capacità di accoglienza contenitori a bordo maggiori rispetto a quelle della classe Sovereign Maersk, tra cui la serie Hamburg Express lunga 320 metri da 7.500 TEU della Hapag-Lloyd (la prima delle quali è stata consegnata lo scorso anno), nessun altro vettore marittimo utilizza - oppure ha ordinato - navi con dimensioni dello scafo maggiori di quelle della serie della Maersk Sealand. In effetti, dato il peso morto e le dimensioni dello scafo di questa classe, è probabile che si riesca ad ottenere un carico utile di 8.000 TEU, facendo conto su di uno stivaggio sul ponte su sette strati di box.

Tuttavia, le ricerche condotte da società di classificazione, architetti navali, cantieri e vettori marittimi in ordine alla progettazione di navi ancora più grandi sono già in fase avanzata. Sebbene i traffici in cui queste navi sono destinati a servire (Asia/Europa e transpacifico) siano attualmente afflitti da un eccesso di capacità, gli esperti del settore ritengono che l'era delle portacontainers ultra-post-panamax non sia troppo lontana.

La società di classificazione Germanischer Lloyd ha sviluppato il progetto di una portacontainers da 9.300 TEU unitamente ai cantieri Samsung Heavy Industries. Secondo il Dr. Hans Payer, consigliere d'amministrazione della società, "è un fatto che il settore del trasporto marittimo di linea sia in crisi: tuttavia, la mia opinione a lungo termine è che la crescita della containerizzazione continuerà a causa della crescita della popolazione, dell'aumento del livello di vita e dell'emersione dei mercati containerizzati in Cina e Russia. Ciò alimenterà la domanda di portacontenitori più grandi".

Nel corso del 2001, la CSCL (China Shipping Container Lines) ha siglato una lettera d'intenti con la Samsung Heavy Industries per una serie di tali navi da 9.300 TEU. Sebbene la costruzione di queste navi sia stata posposta, tale ordinazione potrebbe ancora realizzarsi in concreto. John Fossey, consulente della Drewry Shipping Consultants di Londra, ha dichiarato: "Una nave post-panamax da 10.000 TEU è, ad esempio, più economica da gestire di circa il 27% rispetto ad una unità da 6.000 TEU e del 40% rispetto ad una unità post-panamax classica. Penso che sia solo questione di tempo. Suppongo che le ordinazioni per la classe di navi da 9.000 TEU potrebbero essere effettuate nel giro più o meno dei prossimi due anni, con le prime consegne per il 2005 o 2006, a seconda - sino ad un certo punto - delle dimensioni della crescita dei traffici mondiali nel 2002/2003".

Continua Fossey: "La nostra tesi è che i fattori di costo prevarranno e che l'incessante impulso da parte degli operatori di linea a ricavare le maggiori economie di scala possibili dai propri servizi spingerà innanzi il mercato, nonché che il cavallo di battaglia per i principali traffici est/ovest nella seconda parte di questo decennio sarà rappresentato dalle portacontainers da 8.000 a 10.000 TEU".

Un certo numero di progetti relativi a navi di questa gamma dimensionale sono stati sviluppati da cantieri navali tedeschi, giapponesi e sud-coreani, in collaborazione con la Germanischer Lloyd e con la britannica Lloyds Register, cioè le più importanti società di classificazione per portacontainers. Inoltre, la società di classificazione con sede a Parigi Bureau Veritas ha prodotto indipendentemente un proprio programma progettuale inerente ad una nave da 12.500 TEU sviluppata congiuntamente con gli architetti navali danesi Knud E. Hansen.

La maggior parte di tali progettazioni sono state prodotte tenendo presente l'attuale progettualità delle post-panamax. Quest'ultima si riferisce alla capacità di operare ad una velocità di servizio di 25 nodi utilizzando un singolo motore diesel a bassa velocità, vale a dire la velocità standard che connaturava le navi della "classe C-10" della APL. E' importante notare come - in termini di accessibilità portuale - le nuove proposte abbiano un pescaggio a pieno carico da 14 a 14,5 metri, la stessa delle navi contemporanee.

Ad esempio, il progetto elaborato dai cantieri navali sud-coreani Samsung Heavy Industries in ordine ad una portacontainers da 9.300 TEU rappresenta una versione ingrandita del suo prodotto standard da 5.700 TEU, attivo in servizio nelle flotte della APL e della OOCL, nonché del suo progetto per unità da 7.500 TEU (quattro delle quali sono state ordinate dalla Hapag-Lloyd). Allo scopo di conseguire il proprio ulteriore carico utile, il progetto da 9.300 TEU presenta una profondità di scafo pari a 27 metri (rispetto ai 24,5 delle navi attualmente operative) che consente maggiori capacità di stivaggio di contenitori sotto coperta, fino a 10 strati complessivi di containers, mentre il baglio della nave è stato ampliato sino a 45,5 metri (rispetto ai 40-43 metri delle navi attuali). Questa larghezza consente uno stivaggio in coperta di 18 contenitori affiancati. La lunghezza dello scafo della nave è di 347 metri, la medesima delle navi della classe S della Maersk Sealand. Ma progetti ancora più grandi, relativi ad unità dalla capacità di 12.500 TEU, sono al momento in corso di sviluppo presso la Samsung.

Secondo David Tozer, direttore attività portacontainers della Lloyds Register, che lo scorso anno ha portato a termine uno studio progettuale inerente a portacontenitori da 12.500 TEU in collaborazione con gli architetti navali britannici Ocean Shipping Consultants, "a lungo termine, probabilmente nell'ultima parte di questo decennio, verrà realizzata la prossima economia di scala. Saranno immesse in servizio navi da 10.700 a 12.500 TEU".

Tuttavia, le incertezze crescono quando la capacità delle navi sale oltre i 10.000 TEU. I più grandi attuali motori diesel marini, progettati dalla Burmeister & Wain and New Sulzer Diesel, hanno una potenza massima di circa 93.000 CV che non è sufficiente a spingere una nave di più di 10.000 TEU a 25 nodi.

Ottenere la velocità di servizio richiesta comporterebbe l'ulteriore spesa (in costi sia di costruzione che operativi) derivante dalla installazione di un motore doppio. L'utilizzazione di un propulsore controrotante, che ridurrebbe sino ad una percentuale del 15% la maggiore necessità di potenza di spinta rispetto ai motori convenzionali, potrebbe essere un'altra alternativa alla configurazione basata sul motore doppio. Tuttavia, questa tecnologia deve ancora essere provata con successo su navi grandi e ad alta velocità quali sono le portacontainers post-panamax. Malgrado il negativo impatto finanziario, l'ulteriore margine di sicurezza correlato ad una configurazione su motore doppio costituirebbe un valore aggiunto.

Nel proprio studio progettuale, la Lloyds Register ha elaborato un'alternativa al progetto del doppio motore da 25 nodi. Ha dichiarato Tozer: "Le unità a motore singolo da 22,5 nodi che scalano pochi porti sono un'opzione che rappresenta una nave con costi unitari molto minori. Tuttavia, allo scopo di offrire in servizio competitivo, saranno necessari terminals dedicati e sistemi di raccordo controllati al fine di mantenere competitivi i tempi di viaggio nei confronti di navi più veloci con itinerari multi-portuali".

La nave ULCS (Porta Container Ultra Grande) da 12.500 TEU della Lloyds Register è caratterizzata da un baglio notevolmente più ampio di quello delle classi da 9.000 a 10.000 TEU. Con i suoi 57 metri, questa nave sarebbe più larga di 14 metri di qualsiasi altra attualmente operativa. Così, è significativo il fatto che diversi importanti porti dei corridoi portuali est/ovest abbiano già ordinato od in servizio gru a cavaliere con sbraccio in grado di servire navi del tipo ULCS, che renderebbero già fattibile un servizio di linea effettuato con tale tonnellaggio. Ad esempio, in Europa, ciò è stato fatto presso terminals dei porti di Bremerhaven, Dunkirk, Felixtowe, Amburgo e Rotterdam. In Asia e nel Medio Oriente invece i porti coinvolti comprendono Hong Kong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai e Salalah. Anche i porti statunitensi di New York, Long Beach ed Oakland hanno recentemente investito in gru con sbraccio superiore a 57 metri.

Anche la profondità delle acque presso i principali porti containerizzati non dovrebbe causare problemi agli operatori di tonnellaggio ultra-post-panamax. Nel suo studio relativo alla progettazione della ULCS, i ricercatori della Lloyds Register affermano: "La nostra analisi indica che una nave da 12.500 TEU pescherà al massimo 14,5 metri a pieno carico. La profondità delle acque è in corso di rapido miglioramento presso i principali terminal containers cui le operazioni ULCS potrebbero mirare. Attualmente ci sono 17 terminals che offrono almeno il suddetto pescaggio e sulla base degli investimenti ipotizzati esso aumenterà sino a 25 metri nel 2003 e poi sino a 28 nel 2008".

Peraltro, anche se persino le navi da 12.500 TEU sono adesso tecnicamente possibili ed i principali porti del mondo dispongono di banchine adeguate per accoglierle, ogni economia di scala assicurata da tali leviatani potrebbe essere vanificata dall'inefficienza delle operazioni o delle infrastrutture portuali. Ciò potrebbe far salire i tempi di viaggio da porta a porta, con incrementi degli scambi containerizzati talmente rilevanti da causare una paralisi dei traffici presso i terminal containers.

John Fossey della Drewry Shipping Consultants afferma: "Diversi vettori hanno investito pesantemente in terminal containers dedicati negli ultimi anni. In vista della effettuazione di servizi con portacontainers da 10.000 a 12.500 TEU, questi vettori vorranno affidare le proprie operazioni terminalistiche nelle mani di terzi?".

E' probabile che i vettori marittimi legati a doppio filo ad operatori di terminal containers capeggeranno la corsa al tonnellaggio proprio per questa ragione. La Maersk Sealand (che ha stretti legami con la AP Moller Terminals) dispone di operazioni portuali globali maggiormente sviluppate rispetto a quelle della maggior parte dei propri rivali e ha garantito investimenti in gru a cavaliere per container di sbraccio superiore a 58 metri presso i principali terminal contenitori che serve.

Le voci che circolano provenienti dalla Danimarca suggeriscono che il suo principale vettore marittimo potrebbe dare il via ad operazioni con portacontainers ultra-post-panamax sin da quest'anno. Quattro navi ordinate con consegna prevista in marzo presso i cantieri navali Odense, di proprietà della AP Moller, un ampliamento della sua classe di navi "S", secondo fonti informate sarebbero lunghe non meno di 404 metri con un baglio di 52 metri: in altre parole, facilmente in grado di caricare 10.500 TEU. Se il dato fosse esatto, l'era delle navi ultra-post-panamax sarebbe arrivata più presto di quanto non ci aspettasse. Tuttavia, queste voci sono state smentite dalla Maersk Sealand.
(da: Containerisation International, febbraio 2002)


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HZ Cargo and Railtrans form joint venture for intermodal transport
Zagreb
The aim is to activate a traffic of over 500 thousand tons between the ports of Croatia and the markets of Central Europe.
ICTSI posts record net income of $363 million (+24.2%) in the second quarter
Manila
Another GasLog vessel hit while leaving the Persian Gulf
Piraeus/Southampton
Damage to the engine room
Finnlines reports record quarterly revenues
Helsinki
In the April-June period, net profit was 42.9 million euros (+64.7%)
Spinelli Group approves 2025 sustainability report
Genoa
Production value grew by 5%. New hires increased by 48%.
Fabrizio Marilli will be the new secretary general of the Central Adriatic Sea Port Authority.
Ancona
The Management Committee has approved the institution's budget adjustment
The Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority has adopted the 2026-2028 Port Plan.
Genoa
Projections for 2028 indicate an increase of approximately 150 employees in the ports of the system
The Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has approved the budget adjustment change.
Gioia Tauro
It records higher revenues and higher expenses of 1.69 million euros
One and a half million euros for training in Tuscan ports
Livorno
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority has presented its 2026-2028 training plan.
Terminali Italia will manage the Orte intermodal terminal starting next year.
Rome
It has approximately 96,000 square meters of yards and three tracks
Italy and Tunisia sign a collaboration agreement in the transport and logistics sector
Rome
Another Saudi-owned Bahri ship attacked by Houthis in the Red Sea
Southampton/Sana'a/Riyadh
Yemeni militants' spokesman claimed responsibility for the attack on the chemical tanker "NCC Ghazal"
The final breakthrough of the two main tunnels of the Brenner Base Tunnel was achieved today.
Bolzano
The two construction sites are connected approximately 1,400 meters below the Brenner Pass
UPS revenues increased 7.6% in the second quarter
Atlanta
Net profit amounted to $604 million (-52.9%)
In 2025, the revenues of the Italian logistics company Nord Ovest grew by +13.6%
Wedge
Net profit down 8.3%
Quarterly freight traffic increased at the ports of Algeciras and Barcelona. Valencia saw a decline.
Algeciras/Barcelona/
Valencia
Increase in containers at the Catalan port
Fincantieri signs agreement with NextGeo's reinvesting partners
Trieste
The operation is part of the development strategy in the diving segment
The update to the DPSS of the ports of Sardinia has been adopted.
Cagliari
Resolution of the Management Committee of the Port System Authority
ICTSI acquires the ATU12 and ATU18 bulk terminals at the Brazilian port of Aratu.
Sao Paulo/Manila
They will be sold by SIMPAR for approximately 355 million dollars
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Konecranes reports decline in quarterly financial performance as orders increase
Helsinki
The value of orders relating to port equipment grew by +17%
Fourteen regions are in favor and five are against the bill on port governance reform.
Rome
Rixi: Let's now continue the institutional process with the aim of achieving a balanced reform.
Kuehne+Nagel's net sales increased by 8% in the second quarter.
Schindellegi
Performance improved markedly in the air freight segment
Assagenti's management team has been renewed.
Genoa
The composition of the executive committee and the chairmen of the commissions
DP World signs preliminary agreement to build two terminals at Fujairah Port
Dubai
VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Empire buys back: After Tata, Adani can rewrite India's colonial past
(The Economic Times)
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
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