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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 7-8/2002 - JULY/AUGUST 2002

Trasporto intermodale

Il mercato intermodale tedesco

Il mercato intermodale tedesco è il luogo dove tutto avviene: o, almeno, dove avviene gran parte di ciò che succede nel settore. Dopo anni di dominio del mercato da parte di un piccolo numero di grandi vettori intermodali di estrazione ferroviaria, adesso nuovi arrivati stanno portando la sfida alla vecchia guardia. Allo stesso tempo, ci si aspettano iniziative di partecipazioni incrociate al fine di consolidare due degli operatori tradizionali da tempo sulla piazza, il che consentirebbe loro di espandersi.

La Commissione Europea ha dato il via libera all'ingresso nel mercato dei fornitori di servizi intermodali minori appartenenti a privati e c'è la proposta di una completa liberalizzazione del trasporto merci ferroviario nell'ambito dell'Unione Europea per il 2006-2008. Infine, il concetto del trasporto di contenitori sulle lunghe distanze per ferrovia in luogo della strada, sia all'interno della Germania che attraverso i suoi confini, sta conquistando sempre maggior favore presso gli spedizionieri e le imprese multinazionali con esigenze di logistica della catena delle forniture.

La proposta relativa agli oneri previsti per il trasporto stradale (nota come MAUT) potrebbe conferire ulteriore forza all'intermodalismo ferroviario in Germania. Si tratta di un provvedimento mirato ad introdurre oneri sull'autotrasporto a seconda delle distanze percorse sulle autostrade. Andrea Schmidt, direttore della Hoyer Railserv (la divisione ferroviaria intermodale del gruppo Hoyer, specialista in logistica e containers cisterna), dichiara: "Molti autotrasportatori tedeschi stanno adesso cercando di convertire l'uso dei propri mezzi ai traffici su corta distanza, utilizzando la ferrovia per quelli a lunga distanza. Ciò darà impulso al trasporto intermodale". Se dovesse cambiare il governo federale a settembre di quest'anno, il MAUT potrebbe essere abbandonato. Altrimenti, esso dovrebbe entrare in vigore nel corso del 2003.

La Hoyer Railserv non è esattamente un nuovo arrivato, avendo sviluppato il proprio coinvolgimento nel settore ferroviario sin dal 1999, quando diede inizio ad un servizio di navetta per il trasporto di contenitori da Amburgo alla vicina Brunsbuttel, successivamente esteso fino a Colonia ed a Lubecca. Confida Schmidt: "Abbiamo varie iniziative in corso, e presto sarò in grado di rivelarne i particolari. Il mercato ferroviario intermodale adesso è in una fase di apertura, e ci sono maggiori opportunità per un coinvolgimento delle società private come noi".

Una delle partecipazioni della Hoyer Railserv è quella alla Rail4chem, una joint venture tra BASF, Bertschi e VTH Lehnkering. Essa riguarda la collaborazione in ordine ad un collegamento della Rail4chem dai porti belgi ad un impianto per prodotti chimici della BASF a Schwarzeide, nella Germania orientale.

Mateus Reich, direttore generale della Rail4chem, commenta: "Per la maggior parte dei nostri servizi, il 70% circa della capacità è dedicata al trasporto di carri cisterna, mentre più o meno il 30% attiene a containers e swapbodies. Ma il servizio dai porti belgi alla Germania orientale è dedicato al 100% al trasporto di containers ISO".

Riferisce Reich: "Le società ferroviarie private attualmente hanno il 5,5% del mercato, ma il mercato per loro è in crescita". Spiega poi: "C'è un mutamento di atteggiamento nell'industria tedesca. Adesso si è compreso che le società private che forniscono distribuzione ferroviaria possono essere più competitive sui prezzi e sulla qualità di servizio rispetto ai grossi operatori. Tuttavia, la DB Cargo di proprietà statale è ancora potente. Un fattore a suo vantaggio è che la DB Cargo può fornire treni-blocco completi e capacità consistente in un singolo carro, laddove noi finora possiamo fornire solamente capacità consistente in treni-blocco, il che ci rende difficile essere competitivi. Ora, tuttavia, stiamo cominciando a fornire capacità su carro singolo per movimentare anche containers e swapbodies".

Anche la Eurogate Intermodal, una divisione del gruppo terminale trasporto della Eurogate, sta espandendo le proprie capacità. La società mantiene una piattaforma di servizi che collegano Amburgo e Bremerhaven con la Germania meridionale, l'Italia e l'Europa orientale. Il direttore generale Lars Hedderich riferisce che la sua dirigenza si attende molto dal BoxXpress, il servizio-navetta effettuato congiuntamente con la European Rail Shuttle e la Netlog dai due principali scali marittimi tedeschi alla Germania meridionale.

Continua Hedderich: "Il 1° ottobre 2001 abbiamo ampliato la capacità del BoxXpress del 50% sino ad una capacità annua complessiva di 136.000 TEU ogni anno. Il livello di utilizzazione è estremamente alto". Il servizio è dedicato esclusivamente al trasporto di traffico portuale marittimo, giornalmente dal lunedì al venerdì, e si basa sugli hub intermodali di Monaco, Norimberga e Stoccarda/Korn Westheim nella Germania meridionale. Le consegne da porta a porta sono offerte sia in direzione sud che in direzione nord.

La Eurogate Intermodal ha incrementato i propri trasporti nazionali tedeschi del 15% nel 2001, sebbene si sia verificato un qual certo calo nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero. Asserisce Hedderich: "Nel primo trimestre del 2002, abbiamo generato una crescita del 23% nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero, dovuto per lo più a sostenute importazioni dall'Ungheria instradate attraverso i porti tedeschi". Egli riferisce altresì di un calo del 9% dei traffici tedeschi nei primi tre mesi dell'anno, ma non gli dà eccessiva importanza: "Prevediamo una forte ripresa dei traffici nazionali tedeschi nella seconda metà del 2002. Siamo assai ottimisti al momento attuale, perché l'intermodalismo in tutta l'Europa adesso sta fornendo buone prestazioni".

Ci sono altri interessi privati inerenti ad operazioni ferroviarie che cercano di raggranellare qualcosa nel mercato tedesco. Un nuovo operatore, la Dillen & LeJeune Cargo, ha stipulato un contratto per trasportare i carichi della BMW da Wackersdorf, in Germania, ad Anversa per conto della Mediterranean Shipping Co, traffico quest'ultimo che in precedenza era trasportato da un certo numero di operatori, tra cui la Transfracht. La Trailstar, vettore di trasporto combinato con sede nei Paesi Bassi, ha inaugurato un nuovo servizio di navette ferroviarie da Rotterdam al porto fluviale tedesco di Duisburg.

Ciononostante, il dominio del mercato ad opera della DB Cargo, della Transfracht International e della Kombiverkehr sembra in procinto di essere rafforzato da due importanti acquisizioni e da operazioni di collaborazione transfrontaliera.

L'impatto comportato dal rilevamento di una quota del 50% della Kombiverkehr da parte della DB Cargo nel 2001 non è ancora chiaro, sebbene fosse probabile che il dott. Werner Maywald, direttore generarle della Kombiverkehr, ne parlasse in occasione di una presentazione al pubblico che era prevista per lo scorso mese di giugno. Nel frattempo, il portavoce dott. Pia-Susan Berger-Bugel ha rivelato che i volumi di traffico complessivi della Kombiverkehr nel 2001 sono aumentati solamente dello 0,2% rispetto all'anno precedente, per un totale di 618.618 consegne, traffico di rollende landstrasse (autostrada viaggiante) escluso.

La Berger-Bugel ha attribuito la quasi mancata crescita dello scorso anno agli attacchi terroristici negli Stati Uniti dell'11 settembre 2001, nonché alle "cattive condizioni dell'economia". Ha poi fatto notare che il 2000 era stata un'annata estremamente buona. L'Italia resta il maggior mercato transfrontaliero da e per la Germania della Kombiverkehr.

Subito dopo l'acquisizione azionaria da parte della DB Cargo nella Kombiverkehr, nel settore erano sorte alcune voci circa il futuro ruolo della Transfracht, che in quel momento era una consociata interamente partecipata dalla DB Cargo. Infatti, ci si è domandato come potesse mutare il livello d'impegno della DB Cargo nella Transfracht. Tuttavia, è da tempo generalmente riconosciuto che la Kombiverkehr non è aperta al fondamentale mercato delle spedizioni e dell'autotrasporto, dato che prima che la DB Cargo ne acquistasse il 50%, la Kombiverkehr apparteneva interamente ad imprese private di spedizioni e trasporti.

L'annuncio a maggio di quest'anno che la HHLA aveva rilevato una partecipazione del 50% nella Transfracht (salvo approvazione dell'autorità tedesca per la concorrenza) rafforzerà la principale funzione della Transfracht quale trasportatore ferroviario di containers marittimi ISO dai porti tedeschi (e, in misura molto minore, da altri porti quali Rotterdam ed Anversa) all'hinterland europeo (specialmente tedesco).

Il direttore generale della Transfracht, Klaus Niemohlmann, ed il direttore marketing dott. Marcus Hoffmann, hanno rivelato che i trasporti della Transfracht nel 2001 hanno totalizzato 740.000 TEU, ai quali l'AlbatrosExpress, il servizio principale dell'operatore per il trasporto notturno di containers da Amburgo/Bremerhaven e l'hinterland tedesco, ha contribuito con 359.000 TEU. Le vendite della Transfracht nel 2001 sono ammontate a 208 milioni di euro (229 milioni di dollari), rispetto ai 404 milioni di marchi (184 milioni di dollari) nel 2000. La differenza, in termini di dollari USA, può essere in parte spiegata dalle variazioni del tasso di cambio.

La HULA è impegnata da qualche tempo nei servizi ferroviari intermodali dai due principali porti tedeschi all'hinterland europeo attraverso la sua partecipazione alla Polzug, alla Metrans ed alla Hansa-Hungaria-Container-Express, cui adesso si è aggregata la Transfracht. Il portavoce della HHLA, Olaf Mager, sottolinea: "L'accordo finalizzato ad acquisire il 50% della Transfracht è estremamente importante per noi, poiché tutti i vettori intermodali in cui siamo stati coinvolti finora servono i mercati del Baltico e dell'Europa orientale. L'accordo concernente la Transfracht ci fornisce l'accesso ai mercati tedesco ed austriaco, di modo che esso è andato a riempire un importante segmento di mercato".

"Riteniamo che i mercati tedesco ed austriaco diventeranno ancora più importanti di quanto già non lo siano, in particolar modo alla luce del MAUT. Siamo certi che il trasporto ferroviario intermodale in questo momento in Germania sia visto sempre più di buon occhio. Si comprende sempre più che è razionale dal punto di vista dei costi sulle lunghe distanze, nonché più veloce". Conferma poi: "In generale, il nostro obiettivo è quello di fornire interconnessioni di servizio complete tra le operazioni del nostro terminal di Amburgo ed i porti di Amburgo e Bremerhaven nonché con l'hinterland europeo".

Il mercato marittimo è una delle forze-guida che stanno dietro alla rinnovata fiducia degli operatori intermodali tedeschi. Un portavoce del porto di Amburgo ha dichiarato che sino ad 1 milione di TEU all'anno, ovvero circa il 20% dei risultati complessivi del porto, vengono movimentati da e per il sistema ferroviario interno dello scalo. Inoltre, alcuni containers vengono consegnati per ferrovia da spedizionieri situati all'esterno del perimetro del porto. Un portavoce della Eurogate, a Bremerhaven, ha stimato che il 31% dei containers consegnati da e per il porto vengono adesso movimentati per ferrovia.

I crescenti risultati dei due principali scali marittimi tedeschi stanno di conseguenza attirando gli operatori intermodali. Hedderich ha notato che gran parte del numero in aumento di contenitori movimentati da Amburgo consiste di forti importazioni dall'Asia. La Kombiverkehr, che fino a pochi anni fa era principalmente un vettore infra-europeo, ora si concentra anche sul mercato marittimo portuale ed effettua una serie di servizi da Amburgo e Bremerhaven. E' poi socio del porto di Lubecca nella Baltic Rail Gate, che sta sviluppando un nuovo terminal intermodale a Lubecca. Da qui, saranno effettuati servizi ferroviari intermodali alla volta della Germania interna, della Svizzera, dell'Italia e della Spagna. Un servizio ferroviario è già stato inaugurato, in collaborazione con la norvegese CargoNet, da Travemunde ad Oslo.

Nuovi arrivati potrebbero penetrare nel mercato del trasporto combinato tedesco, ma la DB Cargo, la Transfracht e la Kombiverkehr resteranno gli operatori più in vista. Tuttavia, il graduale sblocco degli interessi a partecipazione statale diventerà sempre più significativo. L'acquisizione da parte della DB Cargo di metà della Kombiverkehr rappresenta un matrimonio tra interessi statali e privati (e, in ogni caso, alla fine anche la DB Cargo potrebbe essere privatizzata).

Il salto della HHLA nel letto della Transfracht potrebbe essere considerato della medesima specie: come si sa, la HHLA appartiene al Comune di Amburgo, ma alla fine potrebbe essere privatizzata, mentre se la DB dovesse diventare privata, presumibilmente si porterebbe dietro anche la Transfracht. Il gioco delle sedie è cominciato.
(da: Containerisation International, luglio 2002)


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Livorno
It would have brought in around 20 million euros to the criminals
In July, Spanish ports handled 47.7 million tonnes of goods (-1.8%)
Madrid
Containers amounted to 1,581,071 teu (-5.6%)
Join us at the Communion and Liberation Meeting in Rimini
Rome
Participation in the exhibition area of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
Port of Ravenna: Executive project for redevelopment of the "Ex Carni" area begins
Ravenna
The aim is to give full functionality to a new logistics and industrial sector in the port area
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras decreased by 11.4% in July.
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2026 the decline was -3.3%
Hupac will strengthen its intermodal service between Basel and Busto Arsizio.
Noise
An eighth weekly rotation will be introduced from September 7th
Sallaum creates a company for land logistics of cars in Europe
Vilnius
It will initially be equipped with 50 car transporters and the fleet will reach 300 vehicles by 2029
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +6.7%
Taranto
An increase of +104.9% was recorded in July
Viking Holdings Cruise Line Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Los Angeles
Net profit of $587.7 million (+33.8%)
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles dropped 5.8% last month.
Los Angeles
In the first seven months of 2026, growth of +1.8% was recorded
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach dropped 1.7% in July.
Long Beach
In the first seven months of this year, total traffic was 5,758,086 TEUs (+1.2%)
In the second quarter, RCL recorded an increase in revenues that was outweighed by the increase in operating costs
Bangkok
Net profit down 1.1%
Danish DFDS's quarterly financial performance improves
Copenhagen
In the April-June quarter, rolling stock transported by the fleet increased by 1.1%. Passengers decreased by 8.9%.
Container traffic at HHLA terminals decreased by -8.0% in the second quarter
Hamburg
Revenues increased by 2.5%. Operating costs increased by 5.7%.
The Livorno Port Authority creates an internal task force for the Darsena Europa project.
Livorno
The aim is to ensure a unified coordination with the commissioner structure that follows the project
Costa Cruises announces change of management for the Americas region.
Genoa
Jorge Serrano Martín de Vidales will replace Dario Rustico
MSC installs Jotun's proactive hull cleaning system on MSC Daniela
Sandefjord
Combines advanced antifouling technology with robotic inspection and cleaning
Wan Hai Lines reports a 965.6% increase in quarterly profit
Taipei
The company orders six new 11,000 TEU containerships
In the second quarter, cargo traffic in Montenegrin ports decreased by -5.8%
Podgorica
Cargoes to and from Italy dropped by -40.6%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Pacifico
Naples
The vessel is the first of five new sister PCTCs with a capacity of 9,800 ceu
In 2025, the Fratelli Cosulich group's revenues amounted to 1.9 billion euros (-11.5%)
Genoa
Net profit of 20.0 million euros (-3.0%)
Maurizio Longo, Secretary General of Trasportounito, has passed away.
Rome
He passed away in Rome after a long illness.
Terminal Investment Limited abandons Tercat acquisition
Brussels
It provided for joint control of the Barcelona terminal with Hutchison Ports
Work has been completed to activate cold ironing at the Porto Corsini cruise terminal in Ravenna.
Ravenna
Acceleration of the redevelopment process for the former CIVAM area in the port of Vibo Valentia Marina
Vibo Valentia
The area will be transformed into new yards for commercial logistics
Maersk Group sells Maersk Training and Maersk H2S Safety Services
Copenhagen
They will be sold to the US Open Gate Capital, specialized in industrial carve-out operations
In the April-June quarter, the port of Venice handled 6.3 million tons of goods (-1.2%)
Venice
Cruise passengers down by -15.3%
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna recorded a sharp increase of +10.9%
Ravenna
In the first six months of 2026 the increase was +5.9%
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Ends Joint Venture Plan for Block Factory with India's Cochin Shipyard
(Maeil Business Newspaper)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
DP World acquires six GXO logistics sites in the UK
Dubai
186,000 square meters and 2,000 employees change hands: this is the transfer imposed by the British Antitrust for the acquisition of Wincanton
DHL soars in the second quarter, but not everywhere
Bonn
Revenue and EBIT in double digits. Express performed well, while Supply Chain and Post & Parcel Germany fared less well.
Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Athens
Rising costs impact profits
DP World to build temperature-controlled logistics hub in the port of Antwerp
Dubai/Kallo
GNV will activate a third maritime service to Algeria on Saturday
Genoa
The Civitavecchia-Annaba line will complement the existing routes from Sète to Algiers and Bejaia.
Danaos Corporation reports quarterly revenue growth of 4.7%.
Athens
The containership segment remains stable. Bulk carriers continue to contribute.
A bulk carrier hit by a shell in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton/London
One crew member is reportedly missing.
This year, 800,000 cruise passengers are expected in Messina.
Messina
Passengers make a direct expenditure of almost 16 million euros in the city
Container traffic at the Port of New York grew by 1.6% in the second quarter
New York
In the first six months of 2026, 4.43 million TEUs were handled (+0.2%)
HZ Cargo and Railtrans form joint venture for intermodal transport
Zagreb
The aim is to activate a traffic of over 500 thousand tons between the ports of Croatia and the markets of Central Europe.
ICTSI posts record net income of $363 million (+24.2%) in the second quarter
Manila
Another GasLog vessel hit while leaving the Persian Gulf
Piraeus/Southampton
Damage to the engine room
Spinelli Group approves 2025 sustainability report
Genoa
Production value grew by 5%. New hires increased by 48%.
Finnlines reports record quarterly revenues
Helsinki
In the April-June period, net profit was 42.9 million euros (+64.7%)
Fabrizio Marilli will be the new secretary general of the Central Adriatic Sea Port Authority.
Ancona
The Management Committee has approved the institution's budget adjustment
The Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority has adopted the 2026-2028 Port Plan.
Genoa
Projections for 2028 indicate an increase of approximately 150 employees in the ports of the system
The Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has approved the budget adjustment change.
Gioia Tauro
It records higher revenues and higher expenses of 1.69 million euros
One and a half million euros for training in Tuscan ports
Livorno
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority has presented its 2026-2028 training plan.
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