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15 September 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 7-8/2002 - JULY/AUGUST 2002

Trasporto intermodale

Il mercato intermodale tedesco

Il mercato intermodale tedesco è il luogo dove tutto avviene: o, almeno, dove avviene gran parte di ciò che succede nel settore. Dopo anni di dominio del mercato da parte di un piccolo numero di grandi vettori intermodali di estrazione ferroviaria, adesso nuovi arrivati stanno portando la sfida alla vecchia guardia. Allo stesso tempo, ci si aspettano iniziative di partecipazioni incrociate al fine di consolidare due degli operatori tradizionali da tempo sulla piazza, il che consentirebbe loro di espandersi.

La Commissione Europea ha dato il via libera all'ingresso nel mercato dei fornitori di servizi intermodali minori appartenenti a privati e c'è la proposta di una completa liberalizzazione del trasporto merci ferroviario nell'ambito dell'Unione Europea per il 2006-2008. Infine, il concetto del trasporto di contenitori sulle lunghe distanze per ferrovia in luogo della strada, sia all'interno della Germania che attraverso i suoi confini, sta conquistando sempre maggior favore presso gli spedizionieri e le imprese multinazionali con esigenze di logistica della catena delle forniture.

La proposta relativa agli oneri previsti per il trasporto stradale (nota come MAUT) potrebbe conferire ulteriore forza all'intermodalismo ferroviario in Germania. Si tratta di un provvedimento mirato ad introdurre oneri sull'autotrasporto a seconda delle distanze percorse sulle autostrade. Andrea Schmidt, direttore della Hoyer Railserv (la divisione ferroviaria intermodale del gruppo Hoyer, specialista in logistica e containers cisterna), dichiara: "Molti autotrasportatori tedeschi stanno adesso cercando di convertire l'uso dei propri mezzi ai traffici su corta distanza, utilizzando la ferrovia per quelli a lunga distanza. Ciò darà impulso al trasporto intermodale". Se dovesse cambiare il governo federale a settembre di quest'anno, il MAUT potrebbe essere abbandonato. Altrimenti, esso dovrebbe entrare in vigore nel corso del 2003.

La Hoyer Railserv non è esattamente un nuovo arrivato, avendo sviluppato il proprio coinvolgimento nel settore ferroviario sin dal 1999, quando diede inizio ad un servizio di navetta per il trasporto di contenitori da Amburgo alla vicina Brunsbuttel, successivamente esteso fino a Colonia ed a Lubecca. Confida Schmidt: "Abbiamo varie iniziative in corso, e presto sarò in grado di rivelarne i particolari. Il mercato ferroviario intermodale adesso è in una fase di apertura, e ci sono maggiori opportunità per un coinvolgimento delle società private come noi".

Una delle partecipazioni della Hoyer Railserv è quella alla Rail4chem, una joint venture tra BASF, Bertschi e VTH Lehnkering. Essa riguarda la collaborazione in ordine ad un collegamento della Rail4chem dai porti belgi ad un impianto per prodotti chimici della BASF a Schwarzeide, nella Germania orientale.

Mateus Reich, direttore generale della Rail4chem, commenta: "Per la maggior parte dei nostri servizi, il 70% circa della capacità è dedicata al trasporto di carri cisterna, mentre più o meno il 30% attiene a containers e swapbodies. Ma il servizio dai porti belgi alla Germania orientale è dedicato al 100% al trasporto di containers ISO".

Riferisce Reich: "Le società ferroviarie private attualmente hanno il 5,5% del mercato, ma il mercato per loro è in crescita". Spiega poi: "C'è un mutamento di atteggiamento nell'industria tedesca. Adesso si è compreso che le società private che forniscono distribuzione ferroviaria possono essere più competitive sui prezzi e sulla qualità di servizio rispetto ai grossi operatori. Tuttavia, la DB Cargo di proprietà statale è ancora potente. Un fattore a suo vantaggio è che la DB Cargo può fornire treni-blocco completi e capacità consistente in un singolo carro, laddove noi finora possiamo fornire solamente capacità consistente in treni-blocco, il che ci rende difficile essere competitivi. Ora, tuttavia, stiamo cominciando a fornire capacità su carro singolo per movimentare anche containers e swapbodies".

Anche la Eurogate Intermodal, una divisione del gruppo terminale trasporto della Eurogate, sta espandendo le proprie capacità. La società mantiene una piattaforma di servizi che collegano Amburgo e Bremerhaven con la Germania meridionale, l'Italia e l'Europa orientale. Il direttore generale Lars Hedderich riferisce che la sua dirigenza si attende molto dal BoxXpress, il servizio-navetta effettuato congiuntamente con la European Rail Shuttle e la Netlog dai due principali scali marittimi tedeschi alla Germania meridionale.

Continua Hedderich: "Il 1° ottobre 2001 abbiamo ampliato la capacità del BoxXpress del 50% sino ad una capacità annua complessiva di 136.000 TEU ogni anno. Il livello di utilizzazione è estremamente alto". Il servizio è dedicato esclusivamente al trasporto di traffico portuale marittimo, giornalmente dal lunedì al venerdì, e si basa sugli hub intermodali di Monaco, Norimberga e Stoccarda/Korn Westheim nella Germania meridionale. Le consegne da porta a porta sono offerte sia in direzione sud che in direzione nord.

La Eurogate Intermodal ha incrementato i propri trasporti nazionali tedeschi del 15% nel 2001, sebbene si sia verificato un qual certo calo nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero. Asserisce Hedderich: "Nel primo trimestre del 2002, abbiamo generato una crescita del 23% nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero, dovuto per lo più a sostenute importazioni dall'Ungheria instradate attraverso i porti tedeschi". Egli riferisce altresì di un calo del 9% dei traffici tedeschi nei primi tre mesi dell'anno, ma non gli dà eccessiva importanza: "Prevediamo una forte ripresa dei traffici nazionali tedeschi nella seconda metà del 2002. Siamo assai ottimisti al momento attuale, perché l'intermodalismo in tutta l'Europa adesso sta fornendo buone prestazioni".

Ci sono altri interessi privati inerenti ad operazioni ferroviarie che cercano di raggranellare qualcosa nel mercato tedesco. Un nuovo operatore, la Dillen & LeJeune Cargo, ha stipulato un contratto per trasportare i carichi della BMW da Wackersdorf, in Germania, ad Anversa per conto della Mediterranean Shipping Co, traffico quest'ultimo che in precedenza era trasportato da un certo numero di operatori, tra cui la Transfracht. La Trailstar, vettore di trasporto combinato con sede nei Paesi Bassi, ha inaugurato un nuovo servizio di navette ferroviarie da Rotterdam al porto fluviale tedesco di Duisburg.

Ciononostante, il dominio del mercato ad opera della DB Cargo, della Transfracht International e della Kombiverkehr sembra in procinto di essere rafforzato da due importanti acquisizioni e da operazioni di collaborazione transfrontaliera.

L'impatto comportato dal rilevamento di una quota del 50% della Kombiverkehr da parte della DB Cargo nel 2001 non è ancora chiaro, sebbene fosse probabile che il dott. Werner Maywald, direttore generarle della Kombiverkehr, ne parlasse in occasione di una presentazione al pubblico che era prevista per lo scorso mese di giugno. Nel frattempo, il portavoce dott. Pia-Susan Berger-Bugel ha rivelato che i volumi di traffico complessivi della Kombiverkehr nel 2001 sono aumentati solamente dello 0,2% rispetto all'anno precedente, per un totale di 618.618 consegne, traffico di rollende landstrasse (autostrada viaggiante) escluso.

La Berger-Bugel ha attribuito la quasi mancata crescita dello scorso anno agli attacchi terroristici negli Stati Uniti dell'11 settembre 2001, nonché alle "cattive condizioni dell'economia". Ha poi fatto notare che il 2000 era stata un'annata estremamente buona. L'Italia resta il maggior mercato transfrontaliero da e per la Germania della Kombiverkehr.

Subito dopo l'acquisizione azionaria da parte della DB Cargo nella Kombiverkehr, nel settore erano sorte alcune voci circa il futuro ruolo della Transfracht, che in quel momento era una consociata interamente partecipata dalla DB Cargo. Infatti, ci si è domandato come potesse mutare il livello d'impegno della DB Cargo nella Transfracht. Tuttavia, è da tempo generalmente riconosciuto che la Kombiverkehr non è aperta al fondamentale mercato delle spedizioni e dell'autotrasporto, dato che prima che la DB Cargo ne acquistasse il 50%, la Kombiverkehr apparteneva interamente ad imprese private di spedizioni e trasporti.

L'annuncio a maggio di quest'anno che la HHLA aveva rilevato una partecipazione del 50% nella Transfracht (salvo approvazione dell'autorità tedesca per la concorrenza) rafforzerà la principale funzione della Transfracht quale trasportatore ferroviario di containers marittimi ISO dai porti tedeschi (e, in misura molto minore, da altri porti quali Rotterdam ed Anversa) all'hinterland europeo (specialmente tedesco).

Il direttore generale della Transfracht, Klaus Niemohlmann, ed il direttore marketing dott. Marcus Hoffmann, hanno rivelato che i trasporti della Transfracht nel 2001 hanno totalizzato 740.000 TEU, ai quali l'AlbatrosExpress, il servizio principale dell'operatore per il trasporto notturno di containers da Amburgo/Bremerhaven e l'hinterland tedesco, ha contribuito con 359.000 TEU. Le vendite della Transfracht nel 2001 sono ammontate a 208 milioni di euro (229 milioni di dollari), rispetto ai 404 milioni di marchi (184 milioni di dollari) nel 2000. La differenza, in termini di dollari USA, può essere in parte spiegata dalle variazioni del tasso di cambio.

La HULA è impegnata da qualche tempo nei servizi ferroviari intermodali dai due principali porti tedeschi all'hinterland europeo attraverso la sua partecipazione alla Polzug, alla Metrans ed alla Hansa-Hungaria-Container-Express, cui adesso si è aggregata la Transfracht. Il portavoce della HHLA, Olaf Mager, sottolinea: "L'accordo finalizzato ad acquisire il 50% della Transfracht è estremamente importante per noi, poiché tutti i vettori intermodali in cui siamo stati coinvolti finora servono i mercati del Baltico e dell'Europa orientale. L'accordo concernente la Transfracht ci fornisce l'accesso ai mercati tedesco ed austriaco, di modo che esso è andato a riempire un importante segmento di mercato".

"Riteniamo che i mercati tedesco ed austriaco diventeranno ancora più importanti di quanto già non lo siano, in particolar modo alla luce del MAUT. Siamo certi che il trasporto ferroviario intermodale in questo momento in Germania sia visto sempre più di buon occhio. Si comprende sempre più che è razionale dal punto di vista dei costi sulle lunghe distanze, nonché più veloce". Conferma poi: "In generale, il nostro obiettivo è quello di fornire interconnessioni di servizio complete tra le operazioni del nostro terminal di Amburgo ed i porti di Amburgo e Bremerhaven nonché con l'hinterland europeo".

Il mercato marittimo è una delle forze-guida che stanno dietro alla rinnovata fiducia degli operatori intermodali tedeschi. Un portavoce del porto di Amburgo ha dichiarato che sino ad 1 milione di TEU all'anno, ovvero circa il 20% dei risultati complessivi del porto, vengono movimentati da e per il sistema ferroviario interno dello scalo. Inoltre, alcuni containers vengono consegnati per ferrovia da spedizionieri situati all'esterno del perimetro del porto. Un portavoce della Eurogate, a Bremerhaven, ha stimato che il 31% dei containers consegnati da e per il porto vengono adesso movimentati per ferrovia.

I crescenti risultati dei due principali scali marittimi tedeschi stanno di conseguenza attirando gli operatori intermodali. Hedderich ha notato che gran parte del numero in aumento di contenitori movimentati da Amburgo consiste di forti importazioni dall'Asia. La Kombiverkehr, che fino a pochi anni fa era principalmente un vettore infra-europeo, ora si concentra anche sul mercato marittimo portuale ed effettua una serie di servizi da Amburgo e Bremerhaven. E' poi socio del porto di Lubecca nella Baltic Rail Gate, che sta sviluppando un nuovo terminal intermodale a Lubecca. Da qui, saranno effettuati servizi ferroviari intermodali alla volta della Germania interna, della Svizzera, dell'Italia e della Spagna. Un servizio ferroviario è già stato inaugurato, in collaborazione con la norvegese CargoNet, da Travemunde ad Oslo.

Nuovi arrivati potrebbero penetrare nel mercato del trasporto combinato tedesco, ma la DB Cargo, la Transfracht e la Kombiverkehr resteranno gli operatori più in vista. Tuttavia, il graduale sblocco degli interessi a partecipazione statale diventerà sempre più significativo. L'acquisizione da parte della DB Cargo di metà della Kombiverkehr rappresenta un matrimonio tra interessi statali e privati (e, in ogni caso, alla fine anche la DB Cargo potrebbe essere privatizzata).

Il salto della HHLA nel letto della Transfracht potrebbe essere considerato della medesima specie: come si sa, la HHLA appartiene al Comune di Amburgo, ma alla fine potrebbe essere privatizzata, mentre se la DB dovesse diventare privata, presumibilmente si porterebbe dietro anche la Transfracht. Il gioco delle sedie è cominciato.
(da: Containerisation International, luglio 2002)


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Product tanker High Fidelity rescues 38 migrants on a drifting dinghy
Rome
Intervention in the south of the island of Crete
GES and RINA sign agreement to develop a prototype of a new hydrogen battery
Rovereto/Genoa
PSA's second phase of container terminal at Mumbai Port inaugurated
Singapore
Annual traffic capacity will increase to 4.8 million TEUs
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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