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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 7-8/2002 - JULY/AUGUST 2002

Trasporto intermodale

Il mercato intermodale tedesco

Il mercato intermodale tedesco è il luogo dove tutto avviene: o, almeno, dove avviene gran parte di ciò che succede nel settore. Dopo anni di dominio del mercato da parte di un piccolo numero di grandi vettori intermodali di estrazione ferroviaria, adesso nuovi arrivati stanno portando la sfida alla vecchia guardia. Allo stesso tempo, ci si aspettano iniziative di partecipazioni incrociate al fine di consolidare due degli operatori tradizionali da tempo sulla piazza, il che consentirebbe loro di espandersi.

La Commissione Europea ha dato il via libera all'ingresso nel mercato dei fornitori di servizi intermodali minori appartenenti a privati e c'è la proposta di una completa liberalizzazione del trasporto merci ferroviario nell'ambito dell'Unione Europea per il 2006-2008. Infine, il concetto del trasporto di contenitori sulle lunghe distanze per ferrovia in luogo della strada, sia all'interno della Germania che attraverso i suoi confini, sta conquistando sempre maggior favore presso gli spedizionieri e le imprese multinazionali con esigenze di logistica della catena delle forniture.

La proposta relativa agli oneri previsti per il trasporto stradale (nota come MAUT) potrebbe conferire ulteriore forza all'intermodalismo ferroviario in Germania. Si tratta di un provvedimento mirato ad introdurre oneri sull'autotrasporto a seconda delle distanze percorse sulle autostrade. Andrea Schmidt, direttore della Hoyer Railserv (la divisione ferroviaria intermodale del gruppo Hoyer, specialista in logistica e containers cisterna), dichiara: "Molti autotrasportatori tedeschi stanno adesso cercando di convertire l'uso dei propri mezzi ai traffici su corta distanza, utilizzando la ferrovia per quelli a lunga distanza. Ciò darà impulso al trasporto intermodale". Se dovesse cambiare il governo federale a settembre di quest'anno, il MAUT potrebbe essere abbandonato. Altrimenti, esso dovrebbe entrare in vigore nel corso del 2003.

La Hoyer Railserv non è esattamente un nuovo arrivato, avendo sviluppato il proprio coinvolgimento nel settore ferroviario sin dal 1999, quando diede inizio ad un servizio di navetta per il trasporto di contenitori da Amburgo alla vicina Brunsbuttel, successivamente esteso fino a Colonia ed a Lubecca. Confida Schmidt: "Abbiamo varie iniziative in corso, e presto sarò in grado di rivelarne i particolari. Il mercato ferroviario intermodale adesso è in una fase di apertura, e ci sono maggiori opportunità per un coinvolgimento delle società private come noi".

Una delle partecipazioni della Hoyer Railserv è quella alla Rail4chem, una joint venture tra BASF, Bertschi e VTH Lehnkering. Essa riguarda la collaborazione in ordine ad un collegamento della Rail4chem dai porti belgi ad un impianto per prodotti chimici della BASF a Schwarzeide, nella Germania orientale.

Mateus Reich, direttore generale della Rail4chem, commenta: "Per la maggior parte dei nostri servizi, il 70% circa della capacità è dedicata al trasporto di carri cisterna, mentre più o meno il 30% attiene a containers e swapbodies. Ma il servizio dai porti belgi alla Germania orientale è dedicato al 100% al trasporto di containers ISO".

Riferisce Reich: "Le società ferroviarie private attualmente hanno il 5,5% del mercato, ma il mercato per loro è in crescita". Spiega poi: "C'è un mutamento di atteggiamento nell'industria tedesca. Adesso si è compreso che le società private che forniscono distribuzione ferroviaria possono essere più competitive sui prezzi e sulla qualità di servizio rispetto ai grossi operatori. Tuttavia, la DB Cargo di proprietà statale è ancora potente. Un fattore a suo vantaggio è che la DB Cargo può fornire treni-blocco completi e capacità consistente in un singolo carro, laddove noi finora possiamo fornire solamente capacità consistente in treni-blocco, il che ci rende difficile essere competitivi. Ora, tuttavia, stiamo cominciando a fornire capacità su carro singolo per movimentare anche containers e swapbodies".

Anche la Eurogate Intermodal, una divisione del gruppo terminale trasporto della Eurogate, sta espandendo le proprie capacità. La società mantiene una piattaforma di servizi che collegano Amburgo e Bremerhaven con la Germania meridionale, l'Italia e l'Europa orientale. Il direttore generale Lars Hedderich riferisce che la sua dirigenza si attende molto dal BoxXpress, il servizio-navetta effettuato congiuntamente con la European Rail Shuttle e la Netlog dai due principali scali marittimi tedeschi alla Germania meridionale.

Continua Hedderich: "Il 1° ottobre 2001 abbiamo ampliato la capacità del BoxXpress del 50% sino ad una capacità annua complessiva di 136.000 TEU ogni anno. Il livello di utilizzazione è estremamente alto". Il servizio è dedicato esclusivamente al trasporto di traffico portuale marittimo, giornalmente dal lunedì al venerdì, e si basa sugli hub intermodali di Monaco, Norimberga e Stoccarda/Korn Westheim nella Germania meridionale. Le consegne da porta a porta sono offerte sia in direzione sud che in direzione nord.

La Eurogate Intermodal ha incrementato i propri trasporti nazionali tedeschi del 15% nel 2001, sebbene si sia verificato un qual certo calo nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero. Asserisce Hedderich: "Nel primo trimestre del 2002, abbiamo generato una crescita del 23% nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero, dovuto per lo più a sostenute importazioni dall'Ungheria instradate attraverso i porti tedeschi". Egli riferisce altresì di un calo del 9% dei traffici tedeschi nei primi tre mesi dell'anno, ma non gli dà eccessiva importanza: "Prevediamo una forte ripresa dei traffici nazionali tedeschi nella seconda metà del 2002. Siamo assai ottimisti al momento attuale, perché l'intermodalismo in tutta l'Europa adesso sta fornendo buone prestazioni".

Ci sono altri interessi privati inerenti ad operazioni ferroviarie che cercano di raggranellare qualcosa nel mercato tedesco. Un nuovo operatore, la Dillen & LeJeune Cargo, ha stipulato un contratto per trasportare i carichi della BMW da Wackersdorf, in Germania, ad Anversa per conto della Mediterranean Shipping Co, traffico quest'ultimo che in precedenza era trasportato da un certo numero di operatori, tra cui la Transfracht. La Trailstar, vettore di trasporto combinato con sede nei Paesi Bassi, ha inaugurato un nuovo servizio di navette ferroviarie da Rotterdam al porto fluviale tedesco di Duisburg.

Ciononostante, il dominio del mercato ad opera della DB Cargo, della Transfracht International e della Kombiverkehr sembra in procinto di essere rafforzato da due importanti acquisizioni e da operazioni di collaborazione transfrontaliera.

L'impatto comportato dal rilevamento di una quota del 50% della Kombiverkehr da parte della DB Cargo nel 2001 non è ancora chiaro, sebbene fosse probabile che il dott. Werner Maywald, direttore generarle della Kombiverkehr, ne parlasse in occasione di una presentazione al pubblico che era prevista per lo scorso mese di giugno. Nel frattempo, il portavoce dott. Pia-Susan Berger-Bugel ha rivelato che i volumi di traffico complessivi della Kombiverkehr nel 2001 sono aumentati solamente dello 0,2% rispetto all'anno precedente, per un totale di 618.618 consegne, traffico di rollende landstrasse (autostrada viaggiante) escluso.

La Berger-Bugel ha attribuito la quasi mancata crescita dello scorso anno agli attacchi terroristici negli Stati Uniti dell'11 settembre 2001, nonché alle "cattive condizioni dell'economia". Ha poi fatto notare che il 2000 era stata un'annata estremamente buona. L'Italia resta il maggior mercato transfrontaliero da e per la Germania della Kombiverkehr.

Subito dopo l'acquisizione azionaria da parte della DB Cargo nella Kombiverkehr, nel settore erano sorte alcune voci circa il futuro ruolo della Transfracht, che in quel momento era una consociata interamente partecipata dalla DB Cargo. Infatti, ci si è domandato come potesse mutare il livello d'impegno della DB Cargo nella Transfracht. Tuttavia, è da tempo generalmente riconosciuto che la Kombiverkehr non è aperta al fondamentale mercato delle spedizioni e dell'autotrasporto, dato che prima che la DB Cargo ne acquistasse il 50%, la Kombiverkehr apparteneva interamente ad imprese private di spedizioni e trasporti.

L'annuncio a maggio di quest'anno che la HHLA aveva rilevato una partecipazione del 50% nella Transfracht (salvo approvazione dell'autorità tedesca per la concorrenza) rafforzerà la principale funzione della Transfracht quale trasportatore ferroviario di containers marittimi ISO dai porti tedeschi (e, in misura molto minore, da altri porti quali Rotterdam ed Anversa) all'hinterland europeo (specialmente tedesco).

Il direttore generale della Transfracht, Klaus Niemohlmann, ed il direttore marketing dott. Marcus Hoffmann, hanno rivelato che i trasporti della Transfracht nel 2001 hanno totalizzato 740.000 TEU, ai quali l'AlbatrosExpress, il servizio principale dell'operatore per il trasporto notturno di containers da Amburgo/Bremerhaven e l'hinterland tedesco, ha contribuito con 359.000 TEU. Le vendite della Transfracht nel 2001 sono ammontate a 208 milioni di euro (229 milioni di dollari), rispetto ai 404 milioni di marchi (184 milioni di dollari) nel 2000. La differenza, in termini di dollari USA, può essere in parte spiegata dalle variazioni del tasso di cambio.

La HULA è impegnata da qualche tempo nei servizi ferroviari intermodali dai due principali porti tedeschi all'hinterland europeo attraverso la sua partecipazione alla Polzug, alla Metrans ed alla Hansa-Hungaria-Container-Express, cui adesso si è aggregata la Transfracht. Il portavoce della HHLA, Olaf Mager, sottolinea: "L'accordo finalizzato ad acquisire il 50% della Transfracht è estremamente importante per noi, poiché tutti i vettori intermodali in cui siamo stati coinvolti finora servono i mercati del Baltico e dell'Europa orientale. L'accordo concernente la Transfracht ci fornisce l'accesso ai mercati tedesco ed austriaco, di modo che esso è andato a riempire un importante segmento di mercato".

"Riteniamo che i mercati tedesco ed austriaco diventeranno ancora più importanti di quanto già non lo siano, in particolar modo alla luce del MAUT. Siamo certi che il trasporto ferroviario intermodale in questo momento in Germania sia visto sempre più di buon occhio. Si comprende sempre più che è razionale dal punto di vista dei costi sulle lunghe distanze, nonché più veloce". Conferma poi: "In generale, il nostro obiettivo è quello di fornire interconnessioni di servizio complete tra le operazioni del nostro terminal di Amburgo ed i porti di Amburgo e Bremerhaven nonché con l'hinterland europeo".

Il mercato marittimo è una delle forze-guida che stanno dietro alla rinnovata fiducia degli operatori intermodali tedeschi. Un portavoce del porto di Amburgo ha dichiarato che sino ad 1 milione di TEU all'anno, ovvero circa il 20% dei risultati complessivi del porto, vengono movimentati da e per il sistema ferroviario interno dello scalo. Inoltre, alcuni containers vengono consegnati per ferrovia da spedizionieri situati all'esterno del perimetro del porto. Un portavoce della Eurogate, a Bremerhaven, ha stimato che il 31% dei containers consegnati da e per il porto vengono adesso movimentati per ferrovia.

I crescenti risultati dei due principali scali marittimi tedeschi stanno di conseguenza attirando gli operatori intermodali. Hedderich ha notato che gran parte del numero in aumento di contenitori movimentati da Amburgo consiste di forti importazioni dall'Asia. La Kombiverkehr, che fino a pochi anni fa era principalmente un vettore infra-europeo, ora si concentra anche sul mercato marittimo portuale ed effettua una serie di servizi da Amburgo e Bremerhaven. E' poi socio del porto di Lubecca nella Baltic Rail Gate, che sta sviluppando un nuovo terminal intermodale a Lubecca. Da qui, saranno effettuati servizi ferroviari intermodali alla volta della Germania interna, della Svizzera, dell'Italia e della Spagna. Un servizio ferroviario è già stato inaugurato, in collaborazione con la norvegese CargoNet, da Travemunde ad Oslo.

Nuovi arrivati potrebbero penetrare nel mercato del trasporto combinato tedesco, ma la DB Cargo, la Transfracht e la Kombiverkehr resteranno gli operatori più in vista. Tuttavia, il graduale sblocco degli interessi a partecipazione statale diventerà sempre più significativo. L'acquisizione da parte della DB Cargo di metà della Kombiverkehr rappresenta un matrimonio tra interessi statali e privati (e, in ogni caso, alla fine anche la DB Cargo potrebbe essere privatizzata).

Il salto della HHLA nel letto della Transfracht potrebbe essere considerato della medesima specie: come si sa, la HHLA appartiene al Comune di Amburgo, ma alla fine potrebbe essere privatizzata, mentre se la DB dovesse diventare privata, presumibilmente si porterebbe dietro anche la Transfracht. Il gioco delle sedie è cominciato.
(da: Containerisation International, luglio 2002)


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The 2027-2029 Three-Year Operational Plan for the Central Adriatic Port System has been approved.
Ancona
308 million euros of investments are planned, of which 218 million for the Marche region and 91 million for Abruzzo.
The 2027 budget forecast for the Western Liguria Port Authority has been approved.
Genoa
New surcharge on goods postponed to 2028
DP World opens a temperature-controlled warehouse near Bologna
Bologna
Surface area of 22 thousand square meters
Saipem wins two new offshore drilling contracts
Milan
The total value of the orders is approximately 121 million dollars.
Hanwha brings Philadelphia Naval Shipyard under Defense Division control
Arlington
The goal is to integrate the construction of commercial and military ships
The Ports of La Spezia and Carrara approve the 2027-2029 Three-Year Public Works Program and the 2027 Budget.
La Spezia
Pisano: PTLP concrete and consistent with currently available resources
Port concessions: Regional Administrative Court (TAR) blocks 2025 fee increase
Rome
The appeal of Assiterminal and sixteen port companies has been accepted.
Wärtsilä sees quarterly order increases, but not in the Marine segment
Helsinki
In the period July-September the company recorded a net profit of 125 million euros (-31%)
Montaresi appointed general secretary of the Eastern Ligurian Sea Port Authority for another four years.
La Spezia
Renewal of office on the proposal of President Pisano
Double ceremony for two Explora Journeys ships at the Fincantieri shipyard in Genoa
Genoa
Launch of "Explora V" and coin ceremony of "Explora VI"
Italian CMD passes under the control of the UAE group EDGE
Abu Dhabi/Rome
Cousins Mariano and Giorgio Negri retain a significant shareholding
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority presents the new layout of the port of Piombino.
Livorno
Gariglio: A concrete step towards industrial reconversion and the future of Piombino.
FS Logistix has purchased six new CZ LOKO locomotives for freight and shunting services
Rome/Prague
This is the fourth order of this type for the Czech company in ten years.
Port of Bremerhaven: The cruise ship Mein Schiff 3 collided with two container ships.
Bremen
No injuries. The cruise was canceled.
Paolo Moretti has been appointed CEO of RINA Spa.
Genoa
Giosuè Vezzuto has assumed the role of CEO of RINA Services
HD Hyundai and Kiewit to establish joint venture at new shipyard in the US
Houston/Seoul
The construction of both military and commercial vessels is planned
Konecranes' quarterly port equipment orders decline as revenue increases
Helsinki
Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
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