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17 October 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 7-8/2002 - JULY/AUGUST 2002

Trasporto intermodale

Il mercato intermodale tedesco

Il mercato intermodale tedesco è il luogo dove tutto avviene: o, almeno, dove avviene gran parte di ciò che succede nel settore. Dopo anni di dominio del mercato da parte di un piccolo numero di grandi vettori intermodali di estrazione ferroviaria, adesso nuovi arrivati stanno portando la sfida alla vecchia guardia. Allo stesso tempo, ci si aspettano iniziative di partecipazioni incrociate al fine di consolidare due degli operatori tradizionali da tempo sulla piazza, il che consentirebbe loro di espandersi.

La Commissione Europea ha dato il via libera all'ingresso nel mercato dei fornitori di servizi intermodali minori appartenenti a privati e c'è la proposta di una completa liberalizzazione del trasporto merci ferroviario nell'ambito dell'Unione Europea per il 2006-2008. Infine, il concetto del trasporto di contenitori sulle lunghe distanze per ferrovia in luogo della strada, sia all'interno della Germania che attraverso i suoi confini, sta conquistando sempre maggior favore presso gli spedizionieri e le imprese multinazionali con esigenze di logistica della catena delle forniture.

La proposta relativa agli oneri previsti per il trasporto stradale (nota come MAUT) potrebbe conferire ulteriore forza all'intermodalismo ferroviario in Germania. Si tratta di un provvedimento mirato ad introdurre oneri sull'autotrasporto a seconda delle distanze percorse sulle autostrade. Andrea Schmidt, direttore della Hoyer Railserv (la divisione ferroviaria intermodale del gruppo Hoyer, specialista in logistica e containers cisterna), dichiara: "Molti autotrasportatori tedeschi stanno adesso cercando di convertire l'uso dei propri mezzi ai traffici su corta distanza, utilizzando la ferrovia per quelli a lunga distanza. Ciò darà impulso al trasporto intermodale". Se dovesse cambiare il governo federale a settembre di quest'anno, il MAUT potrebbe essere abbandonato. Altrimenti, esso dovrebbe entrare in vigore nel corso del 2003.

La Hoyer Railserv non è esattamente un nuovo arrivato, avendo sviluppato il proprio coinvolgimento nel settore ferroviario sin dal 1999, quando diede inizio ad un servizio di navetta per il trasporto di contenitori da Amburgo alla vicina Brunsbuttel, successivamente esteso fino a Colonia ed a Lubecca. Confida Schmidt: "Abbiamo varie iniziative in corso, e presto sarò in grado di rivelarne i particolari. Il mercato ferroviario intermodale adesso è in una fase di apertura, e ci sono maggiori opportunità per un coinvolgimento delle società private come noi".

Una delle partecipazioni della Hoyer Railserv è quella alla Rail4chem, una joint venture tra BASF, Bertschi e VTH Lehnkering. Essa riguarda la collaborazione in ordine ad un collegamento della Rail4chem dai porti belgi ad un impianto per prodotti chimici della BASF a Schwarzeide, nella Germania orientale.

Mateus Reich, direttore generale della Rail4chem, commenta: "Per la maggior parte dei nostri servizi, il 70% circa della capacità è dedicata al trasporto di carri cisterna, mentre più o meno il 30% attiene a containers e swapbodies. Ma il servizio dai porti belgi alla Germania orientale è dedicato al 100% al trasporto di containers ISO".

Riferisce Reich: "Le società ferroviarie private attualmente hanno il 5,5% del mercato, ma il mercato per loro è in crescita". Spiega poi: "C'è un mutamento di atteggiamento nell'industria tedesca. Adesso si è compreso che le società private che forniscono distribuzione ferroviaria possono essere più competitive sui prezzi e sulla qualità di servizio rispetto ai grossi operatori. Tuttavia, la DB Cargo di proprietà statale è ancora potente. Un fattore a suo vantaggio è che la DB Cargo può fornire treni-blocco completi e capacità consistente in un singolo carro, laddove noi finora possiamo fornire solamente capacità consistente in treni-blocco, il che ci rende difficile essere competitivi. Ora, tuttavia, stiamo cominciando a fornire capacità su carro singolo per movimentare anche containers e swapbodies".

Anche la Eurogate Intermodal, una divisione del gruppo terminale trasporto della Eurogate, sta espandendo le proprie capacità. La società mantiene una piattaforma di servizi che collegano Amburgo e Bremerhaven con la Germania meridionale, l'Italia e l'Europa orientale. Il direttore generale Lars Hedderich riferisce che la sua dirigenza si attende molto dal BoxXpress, il servizio-navetta effettuato congiuntamente con la European Rail Shuttle e la Netlog dai due principali scali marittimi tedeschi alla Germania meridionale.

Continua Hedderich: "Il 1° ottobre 2001 abbiamo ampliato la capacità del BoxXpress del 50% sino ad una capacità annua complessiva di 136.000 TEU ogni anno. Il livello di utilizzazione è estremamente alto". Il servizio è dedicato esclusivamente al trasporto di traffico portuale marittimo, giornalmente dal lunedì al venerdì, e si basa sugli hub intermodali di Monaco, Norimberga e Stoccarda/Korn Westheim nella Germania meridionale. Le consegne da porta a porta sono offerte sia in direzione sud che in direzione nord.

La Eurogate Intermodal ha incrementato i propri trasporti nazionali tedeschi del 15% nel 2001, sebbene si sia verificato un qual certo calo nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero. Asserisce Hedderich: "Nel primo trimestre del 2002, abbiamo generato una crescita del 23% nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero, dovuto per lo più a sostenute importazioni dall'Ungheria instradate attraverso i porti tedeschi". Egli riferisce altresì di un calo del 9% dei traffici tedeschi nei primi tre mesi dell'anno, ma non gli dà eccessiva importanza: "Prevediamo una forte ripresa dei traffici nazionali tedeschi nella seconda metà del 2002. Siamo assai ottimisti al momento attuale, perché l'intermodalismo in tutta l'Europa adesso sta fornendo buone prestazioni".

Ci sono altri interessi privati inerenti ad operazioni ferroviarie che cercano di raggranellare qualcosa nel mercato tedesco. Un nuovo operatore, la Dillen & LeJeune Cargo, ha stipulato un contratto per trasportare i carichi della BMW da Wackersdorf, in Germania, ad Anversa per conto della Mediterranean Shipping Co, traffico quest'ultimo che in precedenza era trasportato da un certo numero di operatori, tra cui la Transfracht. La Trailstar, vettore di trasporto combinato con sede nei Paesi Bassi, ha inaugurato un nuovo servizio di navette ferroviarie da Rotterdam al porto fluviale tedesco di Duisburg.

Ciononostante, il dominio del mercato ad opera della DB Cargo, della Transfracht International e della Kombiverkehr sembra in procinto di essere rafforzato da due importanti acquisizioni e da operazioni di collaborazione transfrontaliera.

L'impatto comportato dal rilevamento di una quota del 50% della Kombiverkehr da parte della DB Cargo nel 2001 non è ancora chiaro, sebbene fosse probabile che il dott. Werner Maywald, direttore generarle della Kombiverkehr, ne parlasse in occasione di una presentazione al pubblico che era prevista per lo scorso mese di giugno. Nel frattempo, il portavoce dott. Pia-Susan Berger-Bugel ha rivelato che i volumi di traffico complessivi della Kombiverkehr nel 2001 sono aumentati solamente dello 0,2% rispetto all'anno precedente, per un totale di 618.618 consegne, traffico di rollende landstrasse (autostrada viaggiante) escluso.

La Berger-Bugel ha attribuito la quasi mancata crescita dello scorso anno agli attacchi terroristici negli Stati Uniti dell'11 settembre 2001, nonché alle "cattive condizioni dell'economia". Ha poi fatto notare che il 2000 era stata un'annata estremamente buona. L'Italia resta il maggior mercato transfrontaliero da e per la Germania della Kombiverkehr.

Subito dopo l'acquisizione azionaria da parte della DB Cargo nella Kombiverkehr, nel settore erano sorte alcune voci circa il futuro ruolo della Transfracht, che in quel momento era una consociata interamente partecipata dalla DB Cargo. Infatti, ci si è domandato come potesse mutare il livello d'impegno della DB Cargo nella Transfracht. Tuttavia, è da tempo generalmente riconosciuto che la Kombiverkehr non è aperta al fondamentale mercato delle spedizioni e dell'autotrasporto, dato che prima che la DB Cargo ne acquistasse il 50%, la Kombiverkehr apparteneva interamente ad imprese private di spedizioni e trasporti.

L'annuncio a maggio di quest'anno che la HHLA aveva rilevato una partecipazione del 50% nella Transfracht (salvo approvazione dell'autorità tedesca per la concorrenza) rafforzerà la principale funzione della Transfracht quale trasportatore ferroviario di containers marittimi ISO dai porti tedeschi (e, in misura molto minore, da altri porti quali Rotterdam ed Anversa) all'hinterland europeo (specialmente tedesco).

Il direttore generale della Transfracht, Klaus Niemohlmann, ed il direttore marketing dott. Marcus Hoffmann, hanno rivelato che i trasporti della Transfracht nel 2001 hanno totalizzato 740.000 TEU, ai quali l'AlbatrosExpress, il servizio principale dell'operatore per il trasporto notturno di containers da Amburgo/Bremerhaven e l'hinterland tedesco, ha contribuito con 359.000 TEU. Le vendite della Transfracht nel 2001 sono ammontate a 208 milioni di euro (229 milioni di dollari), rispetto ai 404 milioni di marchi (184 milioni di dollari) nel 2000. La differenza, in termini di dollari USA, può essere in parte spiegata dalle variazioni del tasso di cambio.

La HULA è impegnata da qualche tempo nei servizi ferroviari intermodali dai due principali porti tedeschi all'hinterland europeo attraverso la sua partecipazione alla Polzug, alla Metrans ed alla Hansa-Hungaria-Container-Express, cui adesso si è aggregata la Transfracht. Il portavoce della HHLA, Olaf Mager, sottolinea: "L'accordo finalizzato ad acquisire il 50% della Transfracht è estremamente importante per noi, poiché tutti i vettori intermodali in cui siamo stati coinvolti finora servono i mercati del Baltico e dell'Europa orientale. L'accordo concernente la Transfracht ci fornisce l'accesso ai mercati tedesco ed austriaco, di modo che esso è andato a riempire un importante segmento di mercato".

"Riteniamo che i mercati tedesco ed austriaco diventeranno ancora più importanti di quanto già non lo siano, in particolar modo alla luce del MAUT. Siamo certi che il trasporto ferroviario intermodale in questo momento in Germania sia visto sempre più di buon occhio. Si comprende sempre più che è razionale dal punto di vista dei costi sulle lunghe distanze, nonché più veloce". Conferma poi: "In generale, il nostro obiettivo è quello di fornire interconnessioni di servizio complete tra le operazioni del nostro terminal di Amburgo ed i porti di Amburgo e Bremerhaven nonché con l'hinterland europeo".

Il mercato marittimo è una delle forze-guida che stanno dietro alla rinnovata fiducia degli operatori intermodali tedeschi. Un portavoce del porto di Amburgo ha dichiarato che sino ad 1 milione di TEU all'anno, ovvero circa il 20% dei risultati complessivi del porto, vengono movimentati da e per il sistema ferroviario interno dello scalo. Inoltre, alcuni containers vengono consegnati per ferrovia da spedizionieri situati all'esterno del perimetro del porto. Un portavoce della Eurogate, a Bremerhaven, ha stimato che il 31% dei containers consegnati da e per il porto vengono adesso movimentati per ferrovia.

I crescenti risultati dei due principali scali marittimi tedeschi stanno di conseguenza attirando gli operatori intermodali. Hedderich ha notato che gran parte del numero in aumento di contenitori movimentati da Amburgo consiste di forti importazioni dall'Asia. La Kombiverkehr, che fino a pochi anni fa era principalmente un vettore infra-europeo, ora si concentra anche sul mercato marittimo portuale ed effettua una serie di servizi da Amburgo e Bremerhaven. E' poi socio del porto di Lubecca nella Baltic Rail Gate, che sta sviluppando un nuovo terminal intermodale a Lubecca. Da qui, saranno effettuati servizi ferroviari intermodali alla volta della Germania interna, della Svizzera, dell'Italia e della Spagna. Un servizio ferroviario è già stato inaugurato, in collaborazione con la norvegese CargoNet, da Travemunde ad Oslo.

Nuovi arrivati potrebbero penetrare nel mercato del trasporto combinato tedesco, ma la DB Cargo, la Transfracht e la Kombiverkehr resteranno gli operatori più in vista. Tuttavia, il graduale sblocco degli interessi a partecipazione statale diventerà sempre più significativo. L'acquisizione da parte della DB Cargo di metà della Kombiverkehr rappresenta un matrimonio tra interessi statali e privati (e, in ogni caso, alla fine anche la DB Cargo potrebbe essere privatizzata).

Il salto della HHLA nel letto della Transfracht potrebbe essere considerato della medesima specie: come si sa, la HHLA appartiene al Comune di Amburgo, ma alla fine potrebbe essere privatizzata, mentre se la DB dovesse diventare privata, presumibilmente si porterebbe dietro anche la Transfracht. Il gioco delle sedie è cominciato.
(da: Containerisation International, luglio 2002)


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Approved by the Senate, the text passes to the Chamber of Deputies
Offshore wind farm in the port of Augusta ready in two or three years
Palermo
Di Sarcina: We are confident in a rapid allocation of the planned resources, amounting to approximately 50 million euros.
In the Netherlands, a self-driving vessel has been authorised to sail outside a restricted area.
Rotterdam
German company Helsing acquires Blue Ocean Monitoring
London
Australian company builds self-driving submarines
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
The decree designating the port of Taranto as a national offshore wind hub has been made official.
Taranto
Gugliotti: Unlock resources for modernizing and upgrading port areas
One of two injured sailors from vessel attacked in Gulf of Aden dies
Amsterdam/London
Dominquez (IMO): Strong condemnation of any type of attack against ships
Salvini met with the deputy CEO of the Turkish terminal operator Yilport.
Rome
At the centre of the meeting was the dredging of the port of Taranto.
The Logistics & Sea Academy has equipped itself with new simulators for operating ships, tugboats, trains and port cranes
Venice
Investment of four million euros
Giovanni Punzo, founder and president of CIS - Interporto Campano for thirty years, has died.
Nola
Among the founders of Italo, the first private Italian operator on the high-speed rail network
The new two-masted ro-ro ship Neoliner Origin will arrive in Livorno tomorrow.
Vado Ligure
It has a capacity of 1,200 linear meters of rolling stock
The refinancing of the Setramar group's capital structure has been completed.
Ravenna
Merli: a crucial step in our growth journey
Liguori's term as head of the Trieste Port Authority has been extended.
Rome
Confirmed in the role of extraordinary commissioner of the institution
Agreement to complete electrification work on the docks at the port of Gioia Tauro
Gioia Tauro
The 70 million euro investment to complete the project has been confirmed.
A Maersk delegation at the Grendi Group's container terminal in Cagliari's Porto Canale.
Milan
At the centre of the debate is the development of traffic towards North Africa
Geodis appoints Maurizio Bortolan as CEO for Italy
Milan
It will coordinate the three business lines Contract Logistics, Freight Forwarding and Road Transport
Port of Livorno: Protests over Gaza must not block operations.
Livorno
The members of the Partnership Body highlighted the need for it to be accessible to all vessels
GNV, agreement with Sicilian terminal operator Portitalia is positive.
Genoa
The company specified that the aim was exclusively to temporarily supplement the tariffs.
Two days of work with ESPO in Rome on the Mediterranean and European ports
Rome
Meetings organized by Assoporti
In 2024, 112 million counterfeit items were seized in the European Union.
Brussels
Record estimated value of 3.8 billion euros
Strikes and protests in ports, request for information from the Guarantor
Rome
Request for information from prefects, port authorities, and port authorities
Danaos Corporation has ordered two 7,165 TEU containerships from Dalian Shanhaiguan.
Athens
They will be taken into delivery in the third quarter of 2027
In the second quarter, freight traffic on the Austrian rail network fell by -1.4%.
Vienna
Only domestic traffic is growing
ALS (FBH Group) has acquired 80% of Trans World Shipping and Moda Express of USA.
Rozzano
The two companies have 500 employees and are active in Italy, France, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Circle's revenue increased by 62.1% in the first half of 2025
Milan
Net profit of over 1.0 million euros (+1.8%)
A Ukrainian delegation hosted by the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea Port Authority
Livorno
Cooperation in the field of training and safety at work in ports
The EIB is financing Phase A of Genoa's new breakwater with €300 million.
Luxembourg
The total investment is 937 million euros
This summer, GNV ships carried 1.7 million passengers (+9%)
Valencia
In the next few days the company will take delivery of "GNV Virgo", the first LNG-powered vessel
The project for the expansion, safety improvements, and extraordinary maintenance of the port of Pozzallo has been presented.
Pozzallo
It provides for the construction of the breakwater arm
Fincantieri delivers the new Star Princess cruise ship to Princess Cruises
Monfalcone
It has a gross tonnage of 177,800 tons and a capacity of 4,300 passengers.
A seminar on the new law on interports will be held in Milan on October 2nd.
Milan
It is organized by the Chamber of Commerce of Padua
Filt Cgil calls on port administrators and businesses to join the action against the Palestinian massacre.
Rome
This burden – the union highlighted – cannot be placed solely on the shoulders of dock workers.
The agreement between the Italian Merchant Marine Academy Foundation and the NATO Center in La Spezia has been renewed.
Genoa
The collaboration signed in 2023 has been confirmed
Fischer & Rechsteiner and Gimax International acquire BCUBE's Freight Forwarding business.
Genoa
The completion of the transaction is expected in the next few days
Fermerci outlines a dramatic scenario for the European rail freight transport sector
Rome
Rizzi: There is a real risk of a shift towards exclusively road transport.
Sogedim opens a new branch in Modena
Mesero
Initially, the activity will be dedicated exclusively to UK export traffic and will then extend to other European markets.
Eni completes the sale of a 30% stake in the Baleine project in Ivory Coast to Vitol.
San Donato Milanese
The field was discovered in 2021 and production started in 2023
The new PCTC Grande Svezia has joined the Grimaldi Group's fleet.
Naples
It has a maximum capacity of 9,000 ceu
The Cagliari City Council approves its opinion on the Sardinian Ports Development Plan.
Cagliari
Green light unanimously
The railway sector contributes 1.4% of the European Union's GDP.
Brussels
Study commissioned by CER
In the port of Naples, the Coast Guard has detained the bulk carrier Tanais Dream.
Naples
Serious irregularities found on board
Agreement to accelerate the implementation of robotics in Fincantieri's production processes
Trieste
It was signed with the Friulian Idea Prototipi
Sergio Liardo is the new general commander of the Port Authority Corps - Coast Guard
Rome
He takes over from Admiral Nicola Carlone
DBA to supply new Terminal Operating System for Georgia's Batumi Port
Villorba
The project includes all phases of development, testing and operational testing
Attack on a ship in the Gulf of Aden
Portsmouth
The captain reported hearing an impact in the water and an explosion
Danilo Ricci has been appointed managing director of Tarros Line.
La Spezia
He has held various positions in Italy and abroad within the group
Permanent discussion table between Confindustria Nautica and Federagenti
Genoa
This is provided for in an agreement signed today in Genoa
In the first half of 2025, cruise traffic in Italian ports grew by +6%
Venice
The twelfth edition of Italian Cruise Day will be held in Catania on October 24th.
SAL Heavy Lift buys two semi-submersible vessels from Pan Ocean
Hamburg
They were built in 2008 and 2012
30% of Sangritana Cargo will be acquired by the Marche-based company Transadriatico
The Eagle
The sale will be completed in the next few days
The eighth edition of "A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 6th.
Lugano
Forum on economic and logistical integration between Ligurian ports, the Northwest manufacturing area, and Switzerland
Assoporti will meet at RemTech EXPO 2025 to discuss the green transition in Italian ports.
Ferrara
The Smart Ports Award was awarded to three Port System Authorities
DEME orders new cable-laying vessel from Singapore-based PaxOcean
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It will be built in the Chinese shipyard of Zhoushan
The first shipment of Syrian oil in 14 years arrives at the port of Trieste.
London
Part of the cargo - S&P Global Commodity Insights reports - was unloaded at the Sardinian terminal of Sarroch
In August, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +20.3%
Taranto
The ferry "Drea" was also rejected by the Apulian port, where however it is temporarily stopped
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles remained stable in August.
Los Angeles
Volumes expected to decline in the remainder of 2025
Meeting between the port authorities of Jacksonville and Livorno
Livorno
Among the objectives, to start one or more direct services between the two ports
Italian State Railways and ENAC sign an agreement for the use of drones in infrastructure monitoring.
Rome
They will also be used to fly over sections of the railway and road network that would otherwise be difficult to monitor.
A.SPE.DO, the port of La Spezia is essential to ensuring employment, development, and a future for the local economy.
La Spezia
Landolfi: We cannot afford to underestimate its value.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
A seminar on the new law on interports will be held in Milan on October 2nd.
Milan
It is organized by the Chamber of Commerce of Padua
The eighth edition of "A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 6th.
Lugano
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
We'II Rebuild Apapa, Tin-Can Ports In 48 Months - Dantsoho
(Leadership)
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The MIT meets with the heads of the Italian AdSPs
Rome
Meeting on the government's strategic vision for the sector and port reform
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean Co. to build seven 15,880 TEU container ships
Keelung
They will be delivered between 2028 and 2029
Over 40 expressions of interest have been received for the development of the Ukrainian port of Chornomorsk.
Kiev
Today the first meeting of the tender commission
The first commercial ship is expected at the public dock in Largo Trattaroli in Ravenna.
Ravenna
The car carrier "AICC Huanghu" is coming soon
Assiterminal's Terminal Road Show is starting
Genoa
Cognolato: We want to strengthen our ties with local communities and territories.
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach decreased by 1.3% last month.
Long Beach
Empty containers are increasing. Full containers are decreasing.
Assoporti, the Italian ports' cruise offerings presented at the Seatrade Europe fair.
Hamburg
Giampieri: We are leaders in the Mediterranean area and in Europe
Commander Claudio Tomei, USCLAC president from 2012 to 2024, has passed away.
Viareggio
His strong commitment to improving the working conditions of Italian seafarers
In the first quarter of 2025, cargo traffic in Greek ports grew by +1.4%
Piraeus
Passengers down by -1.1%
HD Hyundai Samho Orders Four New Container Ships
Seoul
Order worth approximately 468 million dollars
Trieste: Fraudulent bankruptcy in the shipbuilding sector
Trieste
Investigation into a company based in Palermo
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by 7.4% in August.
Hong Kong
In the first eight months of 2025 the decline was -3.8%
Container traffic at the port of Singapore continued to decline in August
Singapore
Total volume of goods increased by +1.1%
BigLift Shipping and CY Shipping order two additional heavy lift vessels
Amsterdam
Order placed at Chinese shipyard Jing Jiang Nanyang Shipbuilding Co.
The Charthage ferry was placed under administrative detention in the port of Genoa
Genoa
A Coast Guard inspection found numerous deficiencies
Disney Cruise Line's largest ship's debut delayed by three months
Lake Buena Vista
Construction delays force the maiden voyage to be postponed until March 10th.
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