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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 1/2004 - JANUARY 2004

Trasporto ferroviario

Il boom dei carichi ferroviari brasiliani

In seguito all'ammissione, da parte del governo, che la privatizzazione costituisse la risposta a lungo termine ai problemi della rete ferroviaria, quest'ultima tra il 1996 ed il 1998 è stata suddivisa in sei regioni e le operazioni di trasporto merci sono state assegnate al settore privato mediante concessioni trentennali.

Oggi, tutte le operazioni di trasporto merci ferroviario sono state privatizzate ed i nuovi operatori stanno trasformando il settore ferroviario del paese. E, sebbene solo meno del 25% delle merci sia ancora trasportato via rotaia, le ferrovie hanno cominciato a recuperare qualche attività nei confronti del trasporto stradale dal momento della privatizzazione.

Le esperienze, le speranze ed i desideri di un operatore in particolare, la MRS Logistica, riassumono la nuova vena di efficienza, servizio ed investimento che attualmente motiva il settore ferroviario privato brasiliano.

La MRS (MRS Logística S.A.) è stata costituita nell'agosto 1996 e ha dato inizio alle operazioni il 1' dicembre dello stesso anno; essa è stata creata dal consorzio MRS che comprende le società minerarie MBR e Ferteco, nonché le fabbriche di acciaio CSN, Gerdau ed Usiminas.

Oggi la MRS - una delle maggiori concessionarie ferroviarie in Brasile - gestisce la rete ferroviaria regionale delle Ferrovia Federale Brasiliana denominata "Malha Sudeste da Rede Ferroviária Federal S.A.", che consiste nelle linee Juiz de Fora (SR3) e São Paulo (SR4).

Alla società sono stati assegnati i diritti di concessione ed il leasing sui beni operativi dopo aver presentato un'offerta vincente di 888,9 milioni di reais (900 milioni di dollari USA in quel momento) in occasione di una gara pubblica tenutasi alla Borsa Valori di Rio de Janeiro il 9 settembre 1996.

Le linee assegnate ai sensi di questa concessione per il trasporto merci ferroviario facevano in precedenza parte della vecchia Ferrovia Brasile Centrale; oggi, la MRS collega Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Minas Gerais, i tre principali centri brasiliani.

Per quanto le linee passeggeri delle aree metropolitane di Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo siano state escluse dalla concessione, la rete sud-orientale di binari lunga 1.674 km della MRS assicura un accesso diretto ad alcuni dei più importanti porti del paese, cioè Sepetiba, Guaiba, Rio de Janeiro e Santos.

Oggi, la MRS effettua altresì servizi intermodali dal porto di Rio de Janeiro a São Paulo e consegne "just-in-time" di parti di auto ad un terminal interno a Juiz de Fora.

Nel 1999 la MRS ha trasportato 55 milioni di tonnellate di merci - per lo più ferro grezzo - ed esse sono salite a 74,5 milioni di tonnellate nel 2002. Per il 2003 la società prevede fiduciosamente che i volumi dei carichi siano aumentati ad 86 milioni di tonnellate, con l'incremento dovuto principalmente alle maggiori importazioni di minerale grezzo di ferro ed alla crescita della domanda di prodotti agricoli.

Quale società progressista e rispettata, la MRS si è guadagnata molti plausi, tra i più recenti dei quali l'elezione quale "miglior ferrovia brasiliana per il 2002" da parte della Revista Ferroviária" nonché quale "migliore operatore logistico" del paese da parte della rivista "Transporte Moderno".

La MRS ha dovuto far fronte a molte difficoltà nel suo breve periodo di vita. Come spiega Julio Fontana, presidente della società, "i nostri primi mesi di operazioni sono stati dedicati all'adattamento della società alle sue nuove realtà amministrative, operative ed economiche".

Uno dei principali problemi per la società è stato rappresentato dal fatto che le operazioni da e per i porti di Santos e Rio de Janeiro sono stati ostacolati dall'intasamento ferroviario attorno alla città di São Paulo, dove i suoi treni merci sono stati limitati alle operazioni notturne poiché hanno dovuto condividere linee sulle quali i convogli passeggeri avevano la priorità.

Lo scorso anno la situazione è mutata quando, dopo trattative protrattesi a lungo, la MRS ha stipulato un accordo quinquennale con la società ferroviaria per il trasporto passeggeri di São Paulo.

Come spiega Fontana, "alla luce della nostra concessione governativa, abbiamo il diritto di accesso ai sensi della normativa brasiliana alle linee ferroviarie passeggeri allo scopo di oltrepassare São Paulo.

Tuttavia, allo scopo di assicurare la difesa dei nostri diritti operativi, abbiamo dovuto intraprendere un'azione legale, che alla fine ha indotto noi e la società ferroviaria passeggeri a raggiungere un compromesso stragiudiziale.

Sebbene l'accordo sia molto complicato, in termini semplicistici esso significa che, tenendo presente l'intasamento della rete ferroviaria di São Paulo, i treni passeggeri hanno la priorità nel corso delle ore di punta dell'affollamento. In cambio, noi disponiamo di "finestre" operative giornaliere tra le 9.00 e le 16.00 e tra le 21.00 e le 4.00".

Nel contempo, malgrado l'accordo, il governo dello stato di São Paulo e la MRS hanno cercato una proposta finalizzata alla costruzione di una ferrovia "circolare" per consentire ai treni merci di by-passare la città sulla direttrice da e per il porto di Santos quale soluzione a lungo termine per il problema.

La MRS attualmente lavora a stretto contatto con il porto di Sepetiba, dove dispone di un accesso ferroviario esclusivo ed è impegnata a sviluppare nuovi servizi ed a sfruttare ciò che essa ravvisa come "l'elevato potenziale di traffico intermodale" del porto.

Secondo l'amministrazione di Sepetiba, il porto dispone di eccellenti collegamenti con l'hinterland e sulle sue infrastrutture ferroviarie da banchina fa già viaggiare un treno espresso giornaliero dedicato alla volta di São Paulo. La rete della MRS Logistica è altresì connessa alla rete a scartamento ridotto (1 metro) centro-occidentale gestita dalla FCA (Ferrovia Centro Atlantico).

L'intenzione è quella di far partire alla fine altri servizi e di giungere al punto che il 50% di tutti i volumi containerizzati di Sepetiba vengano trasportati dentro e fuori il porto con i treni.

Sepetiba ha due tipi di carichi - contenitori e prodotti di acciaio - ed oggi "tutti i prodotti di acciaio del porto vengono adesso trasportati per ferrovia. Essi sono teoricamente adatti alla ferrovia dal momento che sono pesanti, possono essere movimentati alla svelta con attrezzature speciali e non sono fragili o sensibili ai tempi" afferma Fontana.

E' interessante notare come la MRS movimenti già circa 400.000 tonnellate al mese di prodotti finiti di acciaio per l'esportazione attraverso Sepetiba. Spiega Fontana: "Tutte le esportazioni di acciaio della CSN, così come le merci di molti altri produttori di tutto il Brasile, ora vengono movimentati attraverso Sepetiba dai centri di produzione connessi per ferrovia, ed il porto adesso rappresenta già uno dei più importanti scali del paese per l'esportazione dell'acciaio".

Inoltre, la MRS trasporta anche minerale grezzo di ferro per la CVRD dai terminals di Casa de Pedra, Alberto Flores ed Estação do Pires (Minas Gerais) per l'esportazione alla volta di Sepetiba; in programma, c'era la spedizione di 1,2 milioni di tonnellate da aprile a dicembre 2003.

Altri significativi volumi di carico hanno recentemente cominciato ad essere trasportati dalla MRS, tra cui prodotti forestali da esportazione (pasta di legno) per la VCP (Votorantim Celulose e Papel) dal suo impianto di Jacarei al porto di Santos.

Allo scopo di ottenere questo contratto, la MRS ha dovuto effettuare significativi investimenti quali la riattivazione della linea ferroviaria da Jacarei a Mogi de Cruzes, l'adattamento dei carri e la costruzione degli ampliamenti ferroviari presso l'impianto di Jacarei ed il terminal della VCP a Santos. Attualmente, vengono trasportate 50.000 tonnellate al mese.

Riguardo al trasporto containerizzato, la MRS trasporta prodotti chimici per la Rhodia-Ster da Paulina (inizialmente su camion al terminal Hamburg Sud/Aliança di Jundai) e poi per ferrovia sulla direttrice espressa MRS Santos-Jundai alla volta del porto di Santos. I volumi iniziali sono di 400 containers mensili.

Un altro traffico che ha avuto inizio di recente è quello del trasporto di prodotti di acciaio per la Belgo Mineira dal proprio impianto di Piracicaba per le esportazioni attraverso il porto di Rio de Janeiro, con volumi mensili di 12.000 tonnellate.

Anche per la Belgo Mineira, è stato recentemente dato il via ad un sistema Transtrailer allo scopo di trasportare prodotti di acciaio dall'impianto di Juiz de Fora al porto di Rio, con ritorno all'impianto con metalli di scarto.

L'innovativo sistema Transtrailer si basa su semirimorchi stradali che possono essere accoppiati in cima a carrelli ferroviari, diventando così carri ferroviari e combinando i vantaggi della ferrovia con la versatilità dei camion. Inizialmente, i convogli saranno formati da 10 Transtrailers che effettueranno un viaggio alla settimana in ciascun senso, per un trasporto mensile di 2.000 tonnellate di metalli di scarto.

"Come si può vedere, molte società adesso hanno un elevato grado di fiducia nel nostro servizio, e gran parte di essa dipende dall'ammodernamento delle nostre procedure amministrative, dall'investimento nella revisione del materiale rotabile e dei binari, dall'implementazione dei sistemi informatici e di controllo, nonché dall'introduzione di nuove tecnologie, allo scopo di migliorare sia la qualità che la sicurezza" afferma Fontana.

A partire dal 2000, la MRS ha investito circa 40 milioni di dollari in carri ferroviari e ha completamente revisionato molte locomotive ad uno standard molto alto, completo di garanzie.

Entro la fine del 2003, la MRS aveva acquistato 22 locomotive diesel elettriche General Electric (tra le quali nove unità GE C-30-7 da 3.300 CV e 13 unità GE C-36-7 da 3.600 CV) dagli Stati Uniti, nonché 10 unità GE C-30 dalla NREC (National Railway Equipment Co).

Una volta completate le consegne, il parco locomotive della MRS sarà aumentato sino a circa 300 unità rispetto alle 180 unità utilizzabili ereditate con la concessione.

Le locomotive andranno ad aggiungersi alla revisione di 300 carri HAS ed all'acquisto di altri 800 carri. "Abbiamo dovuto importare questi ultimi" dichiara Fontana "perché, data l'esistenza di un solo produttore di materiale ferroviario in Brasile, la GEVISA (una consociata brasiliana della General Electric), essa ha un registro di ordinazioni al completo e non può far fronte alla domanda di nuovo equipaggiamento e materiale rotabile".

La MRS è ora equipaggiata con 12.000 carri in grado di trasportare bobine di acciaio, carichi generali, rinfuse secche e minerali ferrosi grezzi, rispetto ai 5.000 carri utilizzabili che aveva trovato con la concessione (6.000 carri e 220 locomotive erano in condizioni così penose da essere immediatamente dismessi dalla MRS al momento dell'ottenimento della concessione).

"In termini di acquisto di locomotive, siamo stati fortunati per l'avvento della nuova tecnologia di locomotive AC negli Stati Uniti, che sta cambiando faccia al mercato Di conseguenza, gli Stati Uniti dispongono di oltre 3.000 locomotive di seconda mano disponibili ad un "prezzo molto ragionevole". Si tratta di un ottimo affare per noi, dal momento che le caratteristiche di queste macchine soddisfano tutte le esigenze comportate dalle operazioni in Brasile" dice Fontana.

"Per il futuro, continuiamo ad effettuare investimenti in equipaggiamenti, binari e soluzioni ad elevata tecnologia al fine di migliorare la nostra rete, incrementare la velocità di servizio ed assicurare servizi maggiormente efficienti. Così facendo, stiamo recuperando occasioni di lavoro a danno dell'autotrasporto.

Inoltre, la società sta altresì cercando di sviluppare un treno espresso con orari pre-definiti per il settore dei carichi generali. Noi crediamo nell'approccio moderno e siamo sempre alla ricerca di soluzioni razionali dal punto di vista dei costi, quale ad esempio un software innovativo per la dislocazione del parco carri e la programmazione degli orari di lavoro dei ferrovieri" conclude.
(da: CargoSystems, Latin America supplement, dicembre 2003)




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The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
The funds coming from the plan financed by the European Union amounted to 39.6 million euros
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
Shipbuilding's Spring Illusion: Backbone Collapses
(The Chosun Daily)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
In Spain, €11.8 million in eco-incentives have been allocated for the use of motorways of the sea.
Madrid
163,672 shipments made by 32 companies subsidized
ABB has signed an agreement to buy Norwegian marine automation company Høglund.
Zurich
The Tønsberg-based company's integrated automation system is currently installed on over 600 vessels.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for the redevelopment of the ro-ro docks
Gioia Tauro
Worth 5.6 million euros, the works will last 210 days
Grimaldi confirms the important role of the port of Catania in its strategies
Catania
The aim is to increase services and make existing ones even more efficient.
Annual growth of +6% in cruise traffic and +2% in ferry traffic is expected in the Adriatic
Venice
It is the only Mediterranean region to have recorded a decline in cruises in the period 2019-2025
PSA Padova established to develop and manage the Padua intermodal terminal
Padua
The shareholders of Interporto Padova and Padova Hall have approved the merger plan
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
Spediporto has opened its own representative office in Hong Kong
Genoa
Giachero: the opening of this desk is also an opportunity for young people
Arcese, Conti and Cosulich establish a company for the port logistics of finished vehicles
Livorno
HMM orders eight bulk carriers and two gas carriers
Seoul
Investment of approximately 1.1 billion dollars
MPC Container Ships has purchased four 7,000 TEU containerships built between 2023 and 2024.
Oslo
Investment of 340 million dollars
FedEx posts record quarterly and annual revenue
Memphis
Total revenues in fiscal year 2026 amounted to $94.7 billion (+7.7%)
Geopolitical uncertainty has become the main risk for shipping
Munich
Evergreen purchases 140,500 new containers in China
Taipei
Investments totaling $358.9 million
Yesterday, the Strait of Hormuz was crossed by 42 commercial vessels
Paris
For the first time since the beginning of the conflict, several LNG tankers entered the Persian Gulf
Memorandum of Understanding for the Launch of Drone Use in the Port of Palermo
Palermo
Submission of the request for the establishment of U-Space
Saipem wins new $1 billion offshore contract in Angola
Milan
It was awarded by Azule Energy for the Greater PAJ project
Port of Ancona: Dredging work has begun on the seabed of quay 22.
Ancona
Approximately six thousand cubic meters of sediment will be removed
Confitarma welcomes clarifications regarding ship waste collection management.
Rome
The need for uniform application of the legislation throughout the country was highlighted.
The Tuscan Cooperation Development Fund invests in Uniport Livorno.
Livorno
Operation for a total of 880 thousand euros carried out together with co-investor Coopfond
Fit-Cisl, recognizing dock work as arduous is a priority
Genoa
Pagnotta: This is not a corporate claim, but a question of social justice.
Hupac increases weekly rotations between Antwerp and Busto Arsizio via France to four.
Noise
Two additional departures of the intermodal service introduced
From July, the tariff for naval transit through the Turkish Straits will increase by +14.9%.
Istanbul
It will be raised to $6.70 per net tonne
Fincantieri and Republikorp sign agreement to build multipurpose naval vessels in Indonesia.
Paris
The establishment of a joint venture is planned
Study on the divergences between the EU Ship Recycling Regulation and the Hong Kong Convention
Brussels/London
It has been published by ECSA and ICS
The 2026-2028 POT of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Gioia Tauro
Approval also granted to the 2026 budget forecast variation and to the update of the Port's Staffing Plan.
Autonomous Navigation: ABS, Polaris Shipping, HHI, and AVIKUS Sign Agreement
Athens
It will be tested on a VLOC under certain low-risk conditions
Tomorrow in Sant'Agnello (Naples) the inauguration event of the Italy Branch of The Nautical Institute
London
The topics of discussion will include energy transition in the maritime industry, maritime education and training.
The Municipality of Bologna is reconsidering the divestment of its stake in Interporto Bologna.
Bologna/Bentivoglio
An institutional delegation from Flanders visited the interport
Eni and Fincantieri sign agreement to develop innovative underwater monitoring technologies.
Milan/Trieste
Agreement focused on Eni's "Clean Sea" technology
In 2025, LNG consumption in Italy grew by +11% driven by industry and new uses, with the debut in the naval segment
Rome
Amadei (Federchimica LNG Group): Use ETS and FuelEU revenues to support investments and deployment of lower-carbon fuels.
RT&L partners with China's Guangzhou Salvage to strengthen its project cargo segment
Genoa
Bizzarri: the sector is characterised by wide margins for development and profitability
Last year, cargo traffic in Greek ports amounted to 140.8 million tons (-1.5%)
Piraeus
Goods volumes remained unchanged in the fourth quarter only
The International Container Study Center's board and governing body have been renewed.
Genoa
Filippo Gallo confirmed as president and Paolo Pessina as vice-president
Catani (GNV): allocate ETS proceeds to the development of synthetic fuel production chains.
Rome
Resources - he specified - also for port infrastructures and the reduction of the cost differential compared to traditional fuels
Consultation launched on plans to expand the port areas of Fos
Marseille
The goal is to involve residents and local stakeholders
Somec signs €60 million contract with Finnish shipyard
San Vendemiano
One of the most complex interventions ever entrusted to the Horizons division
Daniele Rossi, former president of the port of Ravenna, has passed away.
Rome
He led the port authority for over eight years
ONE will remove calls in Greece and Türkiye from its Adriatic Service 1 service.
Singapore
In Italy it touches the ports of Venice and Ancona
The first phase of the APM Terminals terminal in the port of Suape has been inaugurated.
Suape
It will become operational in the second half of this year
Container traffic increased in May at the ports of Singapore and Hong Kong
Singapore/Hong Kong
Singapore sets record bunkering levels for liquefied natural gas and pure B100 biodiesel
Vavassori confirmed as president of the Lombardy Association of Freight Forwarders and Haulers
Milan
Albertina Schiavoni and Mario Zini have been appointed vice-presidents
The president of Angopi receives the first professional certificate of competence as a mooring man.
Savona
The certificate must be renewed every five years.
Fincantieri has delivered the new cruise ship Mein Schiff Flow to TUI Cruises.
Hamburg/Monfalcone
With a gross tonnage of approximately 160,000 tons, it has a capacity of approximately 4,000 passengers.
In the first three months of 2026, freight traffic in the port of Palermo decreased by -6.3%
Palermo
Traffic also decreased in the ports of Termini Imerese, Trapani, and Licata. Increases occurred in Porto Empedocle and Gela.
The Antitrust Authority has not given its final approval for the acquisition of Armas' assets and activities by Baleària.
Barcelona
Set a series of conditions
Assarmatori's annual assembly will take place in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
The event's theme is "Instructions for not navigating in the dark."
VARD to build a new generation fishing vessel
Trieste
It was ordered by the Norwegian company Rosund Drift
Concentration in the UK shipbuilding sector
London
Baleana buys APCL Group (A&P Tyne, Cammell Laird and A&P Falmouth and Falmouth Docks and Engineering)
Royal Caribbean has taken delivery of its new Legend of the Seas cruise ship.
Miami
Built by Meyer Turku, it can accommodate 5,610 passengers
Informal hearings of trade union representatives on port governance reform
Rome
At the heart of the critical issues highlighted - confirms Filt-Cgil - is the planned establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Venice, the DPSS confirms the need to build new offshore terminals outside the lagoon.
Venice
The Strategic System Programming Document has been approved by the AdSP Management Committee
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