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18 April 2024 - Year XXVIII
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 8/2004 - AUGUST 2004

Porti

Novità nel porto di Saigon

Ho Chi Minh (Saigon) è un porto fluviale, e, come tale, le sue operazioni sono sempre state problematiche. L'affollamento, la congestione, la carenza di infrastrutture ed un atteggiamento mentale antiquato contribuiscono nel complesso alla realizzazione di un ambiente lavorativo difficile per i caricatori ed i vettori marittimi. Tuttavia, le autorità vietnamite hanno deciso che gran parte delle proprie operazioni containerizzate (e quelle di altre modalità di carico) debbano essere spostate fuori città, spianando la strada per lo sviluppo di un settore crocieristico.

Gli operatori terminalistici non sono contenti di questi programmi. La causa peraltro non è solo l'ovvio impatto logistico; essi temono altresì che la propria stabilità finanziaria possa essere sempre più pregiudicata. Quando divenne chiaro, alla fine del 2002, che il Vinamarine (Ufficio Marittimo Nazionale Vietnamita) aveva dato semaforo verde ai piani finalizzati allo spostamento delle infrastrutture portuali dal centro di Saigon, i dirigenti avevano reagito con costernazione.

Tran Van On, direttore generale del Porto di Saigon, aveva detto che la società avrebbe dovuto affrontare grosse difficoltà in ordine a qualsiasi progetto di rilocalizzazione, dal momento che mancavano ancora 13 anni per estinguere il mutuo contratto con la ADB (Asian Development Bank) per sviluppare l'attuale porto. Aveva infatti dichiarato che oltre 40 milioni di dollari USA erano stati spesi in miglioramenti, compresi i 30 milioni ottenuti dalla banca, col relativo termine di 16 anni. Il porto ha cominciato a rimborsare il mutuo della ADB nel 2002. "Se al Porto di Saigon venisse consentito di continuare le operazioni, saremmo in grado di estinguere il mutuo come previsto, altrimenti è probabile che non riusciremmo a far fronte ai pagamenti" commentava lo scorso anno.

Preoccupazioni simili sono state espresse da Joseph Wann, amministratore delegato della VICT (Vietnam International Container Terminal), una joint-venture gestita dalla FLDC (First Logistics Development Company) che include la NOL, la Mitsui e la Sowatco (Southern Waterborn Transport Corporation of Vietnam). Wann fa notare come tale scombussolamento potrebbe comportare conseguenze al futuro lancio sul mercato ed alle possibili vendite delle quote azionarie della FLDC.

Il vicino terminal Ben Nghe Port era ugualmente preoccupato, dal momento che stava per quotarsi in borsa.

"Gli investitori potrebbero pensare che noi abbiamo un futuro di instabilità, e ciò potrebbe paralizzare le nostre cessioni azionarie" sottolinea l'ex direttore del porto Le Minh Thung. Di conseguenza, gran parte del 2003 è stato un periodo di incertezza per gli operatori terminalistici. Ora, tuttavia, Wann fa notare come sia il Ben Nghe che il VICT siano stati inseriti su una lista di esclusione e che attualmente non si aspettano di essere costretti a spostarsi.

Secondo il programma di rilocalizzazione del Vinamarine, un terminal contenitori da 48 ettari sarà situato lungo il fiume Thi Vai, circa 110 km a sud del centro della città di Saigon, con due moli lunghi 600 metri in grado di accogliere navi da 80.000 tonnellate di stazza lorda, mentre il terminal da 27 ettari per le merci generali a due moli sarà in grado di movimentare navi portacontainers post-panamax della gamma da 50.000 a 80.000 tonnellate di stazza lorda, con capacità compresa tra i 4.000 ed i 6.000 TEU. Al momento, il Vietnam resta un mercato di raccordo perché i terminals fluviali di Ho Chi Minh sono in grado di movimentare solamente navi con capacità sino a 1.500 TEU. Le nuove infrastrutture sicuramente incoraggeranno gli scali diretti da parte di navi molto più grandi.

L'attuale programma di rilocalizzazione dovrebbe cominciare nel 2008, con la costruzione di nuove infrastrutture il cui inizio è programmato nel 2005. Il South Transport Engineering Design Institute, che dirige l'agenda della rilocalizzazione, stima che il costo della prima fase del progetto sia di 700 milioni di dollari. Malgrado questo relativo chiarimento in ordine al futuro sviluppo, molti nel settore marittimo di Saigon ancora si chiedono quale sia l'opportunità complessiva del progetto.

Le ragioni della rilocalizzazione sembrano risiedere nelle complicate relazioni tra il consiglio cittadino ed il settore marittimo. La città ha annunciato la propria intenzione di sviluppare in senso diverso alcune aree portuali facendole diventare un terminal crocieristico con i relativi parchi di attività. Tuttavia, sembra altresì che una ragione ancora più fondamentale risieda nel fatto che la città lamenti che le operazioni portuali costituiscano la causa primaria dell'orrenda congestione stradale di Saigon: accusa, questa, che gli operatori terminalistici respingono con fermezza.

"In tutto il Vietnam del Sud, la maggior parte dell'attività portuale avviene nottetempo ed esiste un divieto di circolazione sulle strade per i contenitori da 40 piedi dalle 9 alle 17, ma, con tutto ciò, il governo insiste ad affermare che il traffico portuale è la causa della congestione stradale nelle ore diurne. E' la ragione principale per cui essi vogliono intraprendere la rilocalizzazione. E' molto semplice scaricare tutte le responsabilità sul porto, ma non può essere davvero tutta colpa nostra" dichiara Eddie Hsu, direttore sviluppo attività del VICT.

Anche i piani del VICT finalizzati al proprio futuro sviluppo sono incerti. Hsu ha dichiarato che le richieste inerenti ai permessi relativi alla programmazione della costruzione di un nuovo molo tra le sue due attuali infrastrutture di ormeggio sono state presentate due anni fa, ma che l'operatore sta ancora aspettando di sapere se essi verranno concessi. Ciononostante, il VICT continua a sperare che il 2006 possa restare la data di completamento del progetto.

Peraltro, il fatto che le autorità vietnamite continuino a deliberare sul VICT indica che il futuro a lungo termine del terminal è senz'altro assicurato, anche se le sue implicazioni vanno ben al di là del VICT medesimo. E' anche probabile che ciò comporti un significativo impatto sul deposito contenitori interno Transimex, un centro locale per il consolidamento delle esportazioni, nonché sui risultati degli operatori fluviali indipendenti che trasportano merci da e per il principale terminal contenitori di Ho Chi Minh. Attualmente, il 30% dei volumi del solo VICT viene trasbordato dalle chiatte da e per il Transimex, il costo dei quali è sostenuto dal VICT. La Saigon Port, il Ben Nghe ed il New Port hanno accordi simili con la Transimex.

Un vettore marittimo locale ha suggerito come sia improbabile che tale accordo possa continuare una volta avvenuta la rilocalizzazione. Confida infatti: "Non penso che gli operatori ed il governo siano i soli che dovranno pagare per questo. I costi logistici saliranno per tutti. Avendo detto che, con il nuovo porto, saremo in grado di attirare navi più grandi, forse allora le economie di scala appianeranno le cose".
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2004)




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››› Meetings File
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››› File
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