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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 8/2004 - AUGUST 2004

Trasporto marittimo

Il settore marittimo filippino: un mercato ingarbugliato

Pochi potrebbero invidiare i grossi operatori attualmente impegnati nel settore marittimo nazionale filippino, ma quello di maggiori dimensioni, la Aboitiz Transport System Corp (già William, Gothong and Aboitiz) resta abbastanza ottimista. Il traffico è caratterizzato da una forte concorrenza, dalla carenza di investimenti sia in navi che in infrastrutture, da costi elevati, da un difficile ambiente normativo e - almeno agli occhi dei caricatori - da uno scarso servizio e da insufficienti standard relativi alla sicurezza. Il gruppo Aboitiz sta provando ad affrontare queste problematiche e ritiene di aver fatto qualche passo avanti. Certamente, esso crede nell'investimento in capacità di cabotaggio marittimo.

Il vice presidente della società, Bob Gothong, dai suoi uffici di Cebu, afferma entusiasticamente: "Si prevede che i volumi dei carichi crescano dal 4,5 al 5 per cento tra quest'anno ed il 2005. I traffici in direzione nord sono stati particolarmente sostenuti quest'anno, con una crescita dei volumi grosso modo dell'8-9%, molto maggiore della crescita economica nazionale complessiva. Una linea di tendenza incoraggiante consiste nel fatto che stiamo assistendo alla conversione ai contenitori di un numero maggiore di carichi dal vecchio tipo tradizionale di movimentazione alla rinfusa. I caricatori si stanno accorgendo dei vantaggi in termini di movimentazione, sicurezza e costi. In particolare, sono stati convertiti i fertilizzanti e le materie prime correlate all'industria della birra".

Peraltro, sopravvivere nell'industria marittima nazionale non è stato facile per il gruppo Aboitiz. I suoi conti assoggettati a revisione relativi al 2003 non sono stati ancora pubblicati, ma i risultati del 2002 non sono stati certo da sbandierare. Sebbene le entrate nette siano cresciute di anno in anno del 4,7% fino a 126 milioni di dollari, i profitti operativi sono calati del 6,6% fino a 12,9 milioni di dollari e si è verificata una perdita netta complessiva di 7,4 milioni di dollari. Queste cifre si riferiscono sia alla divisione passeggeri che a quella merci della società, rappresentando rispettivamente il 55% ed il 45% delle entrate complessive.

Gothong ha sottolineato come la società sia stata afflitta da aumenti dei propri costi, premi assicurativi compresi, dal continuo deprezzamento del peso filippino nei confronti del dollaro USA e dalla tendenza piatta o verso il basso delle tariffe di nolo nazionali. La Aboitiz ha altresì dovuto far fronte ad un notevole esborso di capitali nel corso di questo periodo, dal momento che ha inaugurato due nuove navi, la Superferry 17 e la Superferry 18, acquistando altresì 1.000 containers da 10 piedi che sono assai utilizzati nei traffici nazionali.

Nel 2003, i volumi di merci trasportate hanno continuato a crescere, ma ancora una volta la società si è trovata ad affrontare alcuni difficili problemi. Continua Gothong: "Siamo stati colpiti dal fattore Iraq, che ha comportato un significativo aumento dei prezzi del carburante, sino a 30 dollari al barile. Il peso ha continuato a deprezzarsi nei confronti del dollaro. E, dopo l'11 settembre, i nostri premi assicurativi sono clamorosamente partiti verso l'alto. Tutto ciò ha eroso i nostri margini. A differenza dei traffici marittimi internazionali a lungo raggio, in cui i vettori marittimi da tantissimi anni ottengono i migliori guadagni, noi non siamo stati in grado di incrementare le nostre tariffe di nolo nazionali. Esse sono per lo più indirizzate dalla concorrenza e noi non siamo in grado di influenzarla".

Secondo i dati ufficiali forniti dall'Autorità Portuale delle Filippine, i traffici nazionali sono consistiti in 1,38 milioni di TEU nel 2003, rispetto ai traffici internazionali per 1,82 milioni di TEU. Come detto in precedenza, i volumi stanno crescendo in entrambi settori. Il gruppo Aboitiz controlla il 43% del mercato containerizzato nazionale, ma nessuna singola società dispone di una quota superiore al 20% dei volumi complessivi, che comprendono i traffici ro-ro ed alla rinfusa.

Esiste molta concorrenza e c'è una decina di operatori dominanti, tra cui la Aboitiz, la Sulpicio Lines, la Negros Navigation e la Lorenzo Shipping. Nel 2000, c'erano solo 27 portacontainers pure nella flotta nazionale filippina, rispetto alle 1.409 unità per carichi generali o carrette del mare ed alle 1.297 navi passeggeri/merci. Secondo Gothong, "ci sono molti piccoli armatori nazionali con una o due navi che hanno bassi costi e possono applicare tariffe a buon mercato. Essi in effetti ingenerano un certo ammontare di tonnellaggio in eccesso. Tra gli operatori ad orari fissi come noi, anche noi abbiamo dovuto affrontare un eccesso di tonnellaggio su certe rotte, ma si tratta di un evento del tutto ciclico e stagionale".

Sebbene la legge non consenta ai vettori marittimi stranieri di partecipare ai traffici di cabotaggio nazionali, c'è ancora concorrenza per i carichi con i vettori nazionali, specialmente in relazione alla lucrosa attività di trasporto refrigerato in direzione nord da Mindanao. Nota Gothond: "Il mercato delle esportazioni marittime a lungo raggio è un settore in crescita. I caricatori di banane, manghi e ananas del sud possono scegliere di movimentare i propri contenitori reefer alla volta di Manila e poi trasbordarli là sui servizi marittimi a lungo raggio. Tuttavia, alcuni vettori marittimi come la APL fanno scalo direttamente a Davao ed assicurano il servizio fino a Kaohsiung. Il caricatore ha due opzioni, ma le nostre tariffe fino a Manila sono competitive e ci sono abbastanza carichi da far girare".

Le ultime due navi della compagnia di navigazione, cioè la Superferry 17 e la Superferry 18, dispongono di 80 spazi-container refrigerati. Aggiunge il dirigente: "Per noi ci sarà sempre un mercato per farci movimentare traffici da e per l'importante porto di consumo e trasbordo di Manila, poiché coloro che fanno scalo diretto non sono in grado di assicurare la frequenza che possiamo assicurare noi. Essi scalano solo una volta alla settimana a Mindanao (Davao, Cagayan de Oro), mentre noi disponiamo di quattro o cinque opzioni settimanali per i caricatori".

Oltre alla capacità del gruppo Aboitiz di trasportare traffico refrigerato su base da porta a porta, Gothong ritiene che il gruppo si sia differenziato dalla concorrenza per mezzo dell'innovazione, mentre gli altri vettori si sono concentrati sul mero fatto di essere "operatori a basso costo".

Continua poi: "Oltre ai nostri esaurienti orari e frequenze, abbiamo investito in misura notevole in tecnologia informatica B2B. Riteniamo che i caricatori vogliano un servizio migliore e che questo sia il fattore più importante. I prezzi possono attestarsi più in basso sulla lista delle priorità. Imprese come la Del Monte, la Nestlè e la San Miguel (tutte con sede a Mindanao) apprezzano questa enfasi posta sull'informatica e noi assicuriamo un servizio proattivo di monitoraggio delle tracce che nessun altro realizza davvero".

Naturalmente, la Aboitiz ha dovuto subire un aumento dei costi come pressoché chiunque negli ultimi due anni, ma ha migliorato la propria utilizzazione delle navi e la propria produttività. Spiega Gothong: "I nostri supertraghetti lavorano 121 ore alla settimana. Si tratta di un fattore di utilizzazione al 70%, rispetto allo standard del nostro settore che è del 50%. La Sulpicio Lines, ad esempio, ha due navi simile alle nostre, ma noi effettuiamo tre corse settimanali da Manila a Cebu, poiché abbiamo un ciclo di lavorazione veloce in porto, mentre loro devono farne due".

Per il futuro, Gothong è incoraggiato dai progressi fatti dalla politica governativa. Nello scorso mese di marzo è stata approvata la normativa nazionale sul settore marittimo, che, a giudizio di Gothong, costituisce il primo passo verso "il livellamento del terreno di gioco nel settore marittimo" che era assai irregolare. Un importante oggetto del contendere fra i caricatori da diversi anni sono le apparentemente alte tariffe di nolo praticate nel mercato nazionale rispetto a quelle del mercato internazionale. Gothong conclude che questa difficilmente può essere un'argomentazione nell'attuale clima in cui le linee di navigazione a lungo raggio stanno "incassando" notevolmente.

Tuttavia, in conseguenza di tale impressione generale diffusa nel mercato, è stata esercitata una notevole pressione al fine di consentire ai vettori stranieri fare il proprio ingresso nei traffici nazionali per far abbassare il livello delle tariffe: opinione, questa, molte miope a giudizio di Gothong. Sembra che questa argomentazione al momento sia stata accantonata e che la politica governativa si sia rivolta verso altre questioni. Ad esempio, il settore aereo in precedenza aveva usufruito di sovvenzioni per il carburante, mentre quello marittimo no. Tale difformità adesso è stata eliminata. Sono stati introdotti incentivi fiscali per quelle linee di navigazione che hanno acquisito una flotta più moderna.

Gothong crede che ciò sia molto importante. Continua infatti: "Dobbiamo innalzare lo standard internazionale della nostra flotta e far sparire la brutta immagine che il mercato assicurativo ha di noi quale capitale mondiale dei disastri.

Il nostro prossimo passo dovrà essere quello di rimuovere i vantaggi di cui dispongono i vettori marittimi stranieri, come quello di non pagare imposte sul carburante. A parte questo, vi sono altri fattori positivi per il settore. Il codice ISPS ha fatto aumentare la nostra esigenza di migliorare la gestione dei nostri porti nazionali. Migliorare i provvedimenti relativi alla sicurezza ci hanno aiutato ad incrementare qualitativamente la nostra efficienza".

Sfortunatamente per le Filippine, il paese da molti anni ha una cattiva reputazione in ordine alle attività terroristiche ed alla inerente sicurezza. A partire dai famigerati eventi dell'11 settembre, queste preoccupazioni hanno afflitto il settore marittimo del paese poiché i trasporti sono stati esaminati al microscopio. La sicurezza è di speciale importanza nelle Filippine, dal momento che molte delle navi da carico sono anche traghetti passeggeri tra un'isola e l'altra. La reputazione del settore marittimo ha dovuto subire un duro colpo quando la nave Superferry 14 è stata distrutta da un'esplosione a bordo il 26 febbraio scorso mentre era in viaggio da Manila a Mindanao. Alla fine sono state accertati 119 tra morti e dispersi. Le operazioni della nave erano effettuate dal gruppo Aboitiz Transport System.

Gothong ha chiarito che l'indagine del Consiglio della Marina sull'incidente è ancora in corso. Non è in discussione il fatto che l'incidente sia stato causato da un'esplosione a bordo, ma è ancora incerto se la responsabilità sia da attribuire ad un gruppo terroristico. L'accertamento definitivo dei fatti è stato demandato al governo, che dovrà produrre un rapporto conclusivo. Il governo ha altresì promesso di intensificare le proprie misure inerenti alla sicurezza nazionale. D'ora in poi, le navi passeggeri saranno scortate da un servizio di sicurezza marittimo.

Il dirigente ha aggiunto che l'esplosione ha avuto un impatto immediato sulle operazioni della sua compagnia di navigazione e che la Aboitiz è stata svelta a reagire alle ovvie preoccupazioni.

Ha infatti spiegato: "In primo luogo, essa ha colpito la nostra capacità in via transitoria, sebbene a ciò si sia posto rimedio con l'avvento di nuove navi. L'area relativa alle nostre operazioni di trasporto merci è stata passata al setaccio allo scopo di renderla adeguata all'imminente codice ISPS. Abbiamo adottato nuove politiche concernenti la riduzione dei tempi per la ricezione della merce e per i tipi di carico che continueremo ad accettare. Teniamo sotto più stretto controllo il carico delle merci; ciò ha comportato piccoli ritardi sia per le merci che per i passeggeri, ma è necessario. La sicurezza è stata estesa mediante più rigorosi controlli sulla gente che impieghiamo. E continuiamo ad essere vigili, prendendo molto sul serio qualsiasi minaccia alla sicurezza dei nostri passeggeri e carichi.

Ma occorre ricordare che non è solo l'industria marittima filippina a rivedere e migliorare le proprie capacità inerenti alla sicurezza. Si tratta di un'attività in corso presso tutti i porti ed i vettori marittimi su scala globale".
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2004)




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Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
Filt Cgil, recognize maritime and port work as arduous
Rome
The union is calling for a clear provision to be included in the next budget law.
Escola Europea - Intermodal Transport celebrates its 20th anniversary
Barcelona
A Mediterranean sea voyage between Barcelona, Civitavecchia, Palermo, and Genoa.
Tanker attacked in Hormuz
Southampton
The unit continued its navigation regularly
FS Logistix and Interporto Bologna presented the first Italian experimental DAC train
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
Sanilog launches a special cancer prevention campaign.
Rome
Three new areas dedicated to the prevention of head and neck and oral cavity cancers and the assessment of vascular risk
Contract awarded for dredging and completion of the electrification of the docks at the port of Gioia Tauro.
Gioia Tauro
They will be carried out respectively by Dravo and RTI Saet-Suardi
Student Naval Architect Award Awarded in Genoa
Genoa
The d'Amico Group and the Royal Institution of Naval Architects recognize excellence in naval engineering.
Freight transport is more expensive for Malta: €35 million per year between ETS, FuelEU and BAF
Zebbug
The hauliers' association calls on the government to challenge a European policy designed for the continent.
CMA CGM has finalized the acquisition of FedEx Supply Chain.
Marseille/Atlanta
With the transaction, CEVA Logistics' presence in North America has tripled.
Contships to order 10 feeder vessels with options for a further 10+10
Athens
Letter of intent with China's Hubei Guangji Green Energy Shipbuilding Group Co.
DP World signs agreement to develop deepwater port in Nigeria's Ogun State.
Dubai
The project includes approximately four kilometers of docks
New port regulations for Civitavecchia, Fiumicino, and Gaeta have been approved.
Civitavecchia
The procedural agreement with Interminal in Gaeta has been approved.
Kotug Acquires Majority Stake in Vortex Offshore
Rotterdam
The Dubai-based company provides maritime services to the offshore industry in the Middle East.
Over €1.9 billion in Spain to improve road and rail connections between ports
Madrid
Port authorities will contribute 875.1 million euros
Attica Holdings sold the ro-pax vessel Levka Ori for €8.3 million.
Kallithea
The ferry was built in 1987
DFDS's Trieste-Damietta ro-ro service will become bi-weekly in mid-October
Copenhagen
Inserting a second vessel into the route
The Italian Merchant Marine Academy increases cooperation with the Port of Durres.
Genoa
A memorandum of understanding has been signed
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