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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 8/2004 - AUGUST 2004

Trasporto intermodale

Avanza l'intermodale in Cile

Date le lunghe distanze che intercorrono tra i porti del Cile ed alcune delle sue principali città, è forse sorprendente che la ferrovia venga utilizzata solamente per una piccola percentuale della merce containerizzata movimentata nel paese. Come in gran parte del Sudamerica, il camion è la modalità di trasporto predominante, mentre la ferrovia è utilizzata per il 10% circa delle spedizioni intermodali internazionali. Molte autostrade cilene si sono adesso adeguate agli standard europei e nordamericani, in particolar modo quelle tra la capitale Santiago ed i porti di San Antonio e Valparaiso. Ciò è avvenuto grazie ad alcuni importanti progetti viari iniziati dal governo cileno, per lo più nella zona centrale del paese (che comprende Santiago).

Malgrado ciò, negli ultimi anni si è assistito ad una sostenuta crescita del traffico ferroviario intermodale cileno, in particolare per le spedizioni containerizzate. I volumi internazionali in questo settore sono cresciuti del 70% nel 2003 e la previsione per il 2004 è dell'ordine del 30% ed oltre. L'operatore ferroviario intermodale Fepasa (Ferrocarril del Pacifico SA) con sede a Santiago - che effettua treni-blocco nelle zone centro-meridionali del Cile, laddove viene movimentata la maggior parte della merce containerizzata che viaggia per ferrovia - ha trasportato nel 2003 326.000 tonnellate (circa 23.000 TEU) di traffico in box.

Il mercato ferroviario intermodale in Cile è frammentato e poco maneggevole, con diversi fornitori di servizi impegnati in settori diversi dell'operazione. E' frammentato anche il profilo dei loro clienti, che comprendono vettori marittimi, importatori/esportatori e 3PLs. Peraltro, data la fiorente crescita dei carichi, tutti i fornitori di servizi ravvisano opportunità di espansione. Allo stesso tempo, essi desiderano far aumentare la quota delle ferrovie nel mercato del trasporto terrestre di merci a spese del grosso settore cileno dell'autotrasporto.

Al fine di provvedere all'attuale incremento della domanda, nonché a quello atteso, e di competere con i summenzionati investimenti in infrastrutture stradali, negli ultimi anni si è verificata una notevole espansione delle infrastrutture ferroviarie cilene. In questo quadro rientrano gli investimenti in binari, attrezzature e piazzali, in particolare nelle zone meridionali e centrali del Cile.

Inoltre, una ristrutturazione dell'attività containerizzata tra gli operatori ferroviari del paese, intrapresa nel 2002, ha consentito a tutti i fornitori di servizi di concentrarsi con maggiore chiarezza su settori ben distinti dell'operazione. Tuttavia, il mercato frammentato presenta vari problemi.

Il paese dispone di due reti ferroviarie, con scartamenti diversi (come in Brasile ed Argentina). Gonzalo Grebe Noguera, direttore commerciale della Fepasa, spiega che sebbene le due reti si incontrino (a La Calera, nei pressi del porto di Valparaiso), i carichi non vengono trasbordati da una all'altra, mentre vengono trasferiti dal treno al camion.

Aggiunge poi: "I carichi in Cile non vengono movimentati longitudinalmente, dato che la costruzione delle reti non è stata realizzata secondo una visione nazionale. Le principali movimentazioni di merci vengono effettuate dalla città al porto e da porto a porto, con una distanza media da 150 a 250 km".

Nel nord del Cile (da La Calera a Iquique), la Ferronor è il proprietario dei binari e delle attrezzature, oltre ad essere l'operatore dei servizi merci. La Ferronor, che non effettua servizi passeggeri, ha costituito alleanze con le reti ferroviarie brasiliane ed argentine dotate del medesimo scartamento (1 metro). Ciò assicura un servizio di trasporto merci diretto tra le coste del Pacifico e dell'Atlantico dai porti del Cile settentrionale - segnatamente, dall'area di estrazione del rame attorno ad Antofagasta e dalla zona franca di Iquique - ai porti di Santos, Rio Grande e Buenos Aires. I principali carichi movimentati consistono di minerali grezzi alla rinfusa, così come di piccoli volumi di derrate alimentari deperibili, mentre solo una piccola percentuale viene movimentata in containers.

La maggior parte delle spedizioni cilene containerizzate od alla rinfusa viene trasportata sulla rete con scartamento da 1,6 metri appartenente alla EFE (Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado), a controllo statale, che si estende da Puerto Ventanas (un porto di rinfuse nei pressi di Valparaiso), La Calera e Los Andes - tutti nella zona centrale - giù fino al porto cileno meridionale di Puerto Montt, distante oltre 1.000 km.

Questa rete serve il traffico sia passeggeri sia merci, sebbene in direzione sud i servizi passeggeri ancora non si estendano sino a Puerto Montt. La EFE effettua operazioni sulla rete passeggeri, compresa la manutenzione delle infrastrutture (equipaggiamento, binari, segnalamento e così via) ma non si occupa della parte merci della rete. La Fepasa noleggia i binari dalla EFE per la fornitura di servizi ferroviari merci sulla base di una concessione ventennale allungabile ed acquista in proprio il materiale rotabile (locomotori e carri). La società è altresì responsabile della manutenzione dei binari, ma solo sulla parte della rete in cui è l'unica utente (vale a dire, dove non ci sono servizi passeggeri).

La Fepasa vende i propri servizi merci a caricatori e 3PLs per quanto attiene le rinfuse (tra cui i minerali grezzi, come fa la Ferronor) e le movimentazioni nazionali di contenitori. Ciò va a completare le operazioni portuali di rinfuse della società: la Fepasa infatti appartiene all'operatore di Puerto Ventanas. I treni della Fepasa trasportano altresì traffico containerizzato internazionale marittimo, ma la società non stipula più contratti con i caricatori e gli altri clienti che chiedono spazi sui suoi treni. Né la Fepasa possiede od effettua operazioni con piazzali ferroviari per il traffico containerizzato internazionale o si occupa del consolidamento di contenitori, dello svuotamento e del carico/scarico dei treni.

La Fepasa dispone di un accordo a lungo termine con altri fornitori di servizio che effettuano operazioni nelle infrastrutture terminalistiche e stipulano contratti con i caricatori, i 3PLs ed i vettori marittimi. Il maggiore di essi, in termini di volumi trasportati, è la Sitrans (Servicios Integrados de Transportes), che fa parte del gruppo diversificato Ultramar. I principali concorrenti della Sitrans sono la Agunsa e la Pasasa (Portuaria Andes San Antonio SA), appartenente alla Maersk Sudamerica.

Questa situazione rappresenta un grosso cambiamento sia per la Fepasa che per la Sitrans. Fino al 2002, le due società si facevano reciprocamente concorrenza in ordine alla fornitura di servizi containerizzati internazionali diretti ai caricatori. Poi la Fepasa ha cambiato la propria strategia, lasciando questa parte della propria attività alla Sitrans, per concentrarsi sui servizi rinfusieri ed ai clienti nazionali. Secondo Noguera, questa rinuncia ha consentito alla società di incrementare i propri investimenti in equipaggiamenti e manutenzione dei binari (la Fepasa lavora partendo dal presupposto che la propria concessione con la EFE sarà prorogata alla sua scadenza nel 2014).

Precisa Noguera: "Abbiamo un sacco di diversi tipi di clienti ed i volumi in aumento caricati sui nostri treni ci rendevano le operazioni troppo difficili. Così, due anni fa, ci siamo messi attorno ad un tavolo con la Sitrans ed abbiamo detto: "Voi avete i containers, su cui concentrate la vostra attenzione, e noi possiamo fornirvi un servizio".

"Loro disponevano di terminals e piazzali - mentre noi, no - presso importanti porti containerizzati ed a San Bernardo, nei pressi di Santiago. Così, abbiamo passato i nostri clienti caricatori di containers alla Sitrans, compresi alcuni importanti importatori al dettaglio. Oggi, il nostro cliente è la Sitrans per questa attività, piuttosto che i caricatori".

Ciò che la Sitrans, la Agunsa e la Pasasa hanno in comune sono gli interessi nelle operazioni portuali containerizzate cilene nell'ambito delle proprie società o dei propri gruppi, a complemento delle proprie attività ferroviarie e delle sinergie di fornitura. La società-gemella della Sitrans (che fa anche parte della Ultramar) è la TPS (Terminal Pacifico Sur Valparaiso), che movimenta la maggior parte dei contenitori manipolati a Valparaiso. La Sitrans possiede altresì (e vi effettua operazioni) un deposito contenitori dalla capacità di 700.000 TEU a San Bernardo, dove immagazzina e ripara containers per conto di vettori marittimi. I risultati presso questa infrastruttura nel 2003 sono stati di 500.000 TEU. La Ultramar possiede inoltre l'operatore costiero e di cabotaggio marittimo Transmares Naviera Chilena.

La Agunsa è impegnata in servizi di stivaggio presso diversi porti cileni ed una delle società-gemelle della Pasasa (nel gruppo AP Møller-Maersk) è la Contopsa (Container Operators SA). Situata presso il porto di San Antonio, la Contopsa è uno dei maggiori centri di manutenzione e riparazione contenitori della Maersk Sealand in Sudamerica.

I tre operatori si fanno concorrenza nel trafficato corridoio ferroviario intermodale dalla Baia di Concepcion (un importante centro per i prodotti forestali, a circa 400 km a sud di Santiago) ed i porti di San Antonio e Valparaiso. Così come la città di Concepcion, i porti di Coronel, Lirquen e San Vicente sono tutti situati in prossimità della Baia di Concepcion. Alcuni importanti vettori marittimi hanno ritirato i propri servizi da questi porti nel corso degli ultimi anni, scegliendo di far terminare invece i propri allacciamenti in direzione sud sulla Costa Occidentale del Sudamerica a San Antonio e Valparaiso. A causa di ciò, il traffico terrestre in direzione nord dalla Baia di Concepcion si è incrementato e da ciò hanno tratto vantaggio gli operatori sia ferroviari che camionistici.

Roberto L. Fischer, dirigente finanziario capo alla Sitrans, precisa: "Noi movimentiamo i contenitori dalla Baia di Concepcion ai porti di San Antonio e Valparaiso per conto di vettori marittimi che non scalano più nel Cile meridionale, tra cui la Evergreen e la Hapag-Lloyd. I prodotti forestali, tra cui il legname in contenitori, sono i nostri carichi principali cha hanno origine nella Baia di Concepcion; noi movimentiamo i contenitori vuoti in direzione sud. Abbiamo un vantaggio in termini di tariffe di nolo sull'autotrasporto in questo corridoio. Per un container da 40 piedi per ferrovia dalla Baia di Concepcion a Santiago la tariffa è di 350 dollari USA, mentre via strada è di 450 dollari USA (anche la cellulosa è prodotta in grandi quantità in questa regione, ma, dal momento che è spedita alla rinfusa, è movimentata dalla Fepasa piuttosto che dalla Sitrans).

Nel 2003, la Sitrans ha movimentato circa 8.000 contenitori (una combinazione di 20 piedi e 40 piedi) dalla Baia di Concepcion a San Antonio/Valparaiso, e 3.500 containers da Santiago a questi porti. La società ha altresì trasportato 4.000 containers da Teno (nei pressi di Curico, in una importante regione agricola a 250 km a sud di Santiago) a San Antonio/Valparaiso. Il principale prodotto movimentato da Teno è la passata di pomodoro, che è prodotta presso diversi impianti in città o nei pressi.

Sia la Fepasa che la Sitrans si aspettano che la crescita elevata continui oltre il 2004. Anche se in Cile non esistono gli enormi terminals ferroviari che ci sono negli Stati Uniti, la Fepasa ha in programma la costruzione di altri binari di raccordo ferroviari lungo i suoi principali magazzini di caricatori clienti, al fine di competere con maggiore efficacia con i camion. La Fepasa sta anche sviluppando un servizio migliorato sino a Puerto Montt. La Sitrans ne trarrà vantaggio, dato che già vi possiede un magazzino del freddo, destinato ai grandi volumi di salmone che hanno origine in quella zona. E questa può essere solo una bella notizia per i caricatori ed i vettori marittimi.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2004)




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European Logistics Observatory established
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Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
The funds coming from the plan financed by the European Union amounted to 39.6 million euros
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
In Spain, €11.8 million in eco-incentives have been allocated for the use of motorways of the sea.
Madrid
163,672 shipments made by 32 companies subsidized
ABB has signed an agreement to buy Norwegian marine automation company Høglund.
Zurich
The Tønsberg-based company's integrated automation system is currently installed on over 600 vessels.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for the redevelopment of the ro-ro docks
Gioia Tauro
Worth 5.6 million euros, the works will last 210 days
Grimaldi confirms the important role of the port of Catania in its strategies
Catania
The aim is to increase services and make existing ones even more efficient.
Annual growth of +6% in cruise traffic and +2% in ferry traffic is expected in the Adriatic
Venice
It is the only Mediterranean region to have recorded a decline in cruises in the period 2019-2025
PSA Padova established to develop and manage the Padua intermodal terminal
Padua
The shareholders of Interporto Padova and Padova Hall have approved the merger plan
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
Spediporto has opened its own representative office in Hong Kong
Genoa
Giachero: the opening of this desk is also an opportunity for young people
Arcese, Conti and Cosulich establish a company for the port logistics of finished vehicles
Livorno
HMM orders eight bulk carriers and two gas carriers
Seoul
Investment of approximately 1.1 billion dollars
MPC Container Ships has purchased four 7,000 TEU containerships built between 2023 and 2024.
Oslo
Investment of 340 million dollars
FedEx posts record quarterly and annual revenue
Memphis
Total revenues in fiscal year 2026 amounted to $94.7 billion (+7.7%)
Geopolitical uncertainty has become the main risk for shipping
Munich
Evergreen purchases 140,500 new containers in China
Taipei
Investments totaling $358.9 million
Yesterday, the Strait of Hormuz was crossed by 42 commercial vessels
Paris
For the first time since the beginning of the conflict, several LNG tankers entered the Persian Gulf
Memorandum of Understanding for the Launch of Drone Use in the Port of Palermo
Palermo
Submission of the request for the establishment of U-Space
Saipem wins new $1 billion offshore contract in Angola
Milan
It was awarded by Azule Energy for the Greater PAJ project
Port of Ancona: Dredging work has begun on the seabed of quay 22.
Ancona
Approximately six thousand cubic meters of sediment will be removed
Confitarma welcomes clarifications regarding ship waste collection management.
Rome
The need for uniform application of the legislation throughout the country was highlighted.
The Tuscan Cooperation Development Fund invests in Uniport Livorno.
Livorno
Operation for a total of 880 thousand euros carried out together with co-investor Coopfond
Fit-Cisl, recognizing dock work as arduous is a priority
Genoa
Pagnotta: This is not a corporate claim, but a question of social justice.
Hupac increases weekly rotations between Antwerp and Busto Arsizio via France to four.
Noise
Two additional departures of the intermodal service introduced
From July, the tariff for naval transit through the Turkish Straits will increase by +14.9%.
Istanbul
It will be raised to $6.70 per net tonne
Fincantieri and Republikorp sign agreement to build multipurpose naval vessels in Indonesia.
Paris
The establishment of a joint venture is planned
Study on the divergences between the EU Ship Recycling Regulation and the Hong Kong Convention
Brussels/London
It has been published by ECSA and ICS
The 2026-2028 POT of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Gioia Tauro
Approval also granted to the 2026 budget forecast variation and to the update of the Port's Staffing Plan.
Autonomous Navigation: ABS, Polaris Shipping, HHI, and AVIKUS Sign Agreement
Athens
It will be tested on a VLOC under certain low-risk conditions
Tomorrow in Sant'Agnello (Naples) the inauguration event of the Italy Branch of The Nautical Institute
London
The topics of discussion will include energy transition in the maritime industry, maritime education and training.
The Municipality of Bologna is reconsidering the divestment of its stake in Interporto Bologna.
Bologna/Bentivoglio
An institutional delegation from Flanders visited the interport
Eni and Fincantieri sign agreement to develop innovative underwater monitoring technologies.
Milan/Trieste
Agreement focused on Eni's "Clean Sea" technology
In 2025, LNG consumption in Italy grew by +11% driven by industry and new uses, with the debut in the naval segment
Rome
Amadei (Federchimica LNG Group): Use ETS and FuelEU revenues to support investments and deployment of lower-carbon fuels.
RT&L partners with China's Guangzhou Salvage to strengthen its project cargo segment
Genoa
Bizzarri: the sector is characterised by wide margins for development and profitability
Last year, cargo traffic in Greek ports amounted to 140.8 million tons (-1.5%)
Piraeus
Goods volumes remained unchanged in the fourth quarter only
The International Container Study Center's board and governing body have been renewed.
Genoa
Filippo Gallo confirmed as president and Paolo Pessina as vice-president
Catani (GNV): allocate ETS proceeds to the development of synthetic fuel production chains.
Rome
Resources - he specified - also for port infrastructures and the reduction of the cost differential compared to traditional fuels
Consultation launched on plans to expand the port areas of Fos
Marseille
The goal is to involve residents and local stakeholders
Somec signs €60 million contract with Finnish shipyard
San Vendemiano
One of the most complex interventions ever entrusted to the Horizons division
Daniele Rossi, former president of the port of Ravenna, has passed away.
Rome
He led the port authority for over eight years
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