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15 September 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 10/2004 - OCTOBER 2004

Trasporto fluviale

Il corridoio del Danubio

Più di 100 milioni di persone vivono e lavorano nell'area servita dal Danubio. E' probabile che essa, designata quale Corridoio Pan-Europeo VII dall'Unione Europea, assista ad un enorme incremento dei propri traffici nei prossimi decenni in seguito all'esplosione della crescita economica.

La questione più rilevante è quanto di quell'incremento dei traffici sarà trasportato dal Danubio stesso, e quanto dalla strada e dalla ferrovia. Uno studio elaborato dal consorzio ALSO Danubio (Soluzioni Logistiche Avanzate per l'Idrovia del Danubio) prevede che se nulla verrà fatto per promuovere il trasporto fluviale su chiatta, i volumi trasportati nel corridoio danubiano austriaco raddoppieranno dai 25 milioni di tonnellate del 2000 ai 50 milioni di tonnellate nel 2015, con le merci per ferrovia che crescerebbero da 17 a 28 milioni tonnellate, mentre quelle per idrovia solamente da 12 a 16 milioni di tonnellate.

Se venissero adottati provvedimenti inerenti alla logistica ed alla telematica e si garantisse un pescaggio di 2,5 metri, tuttavia, l'idrovia vedrebbe i propri volumi crescere sino a 29 milioni di tonnellate nello stesso periodo, lasciandosi dietro la ferrovia a 25 milioni di tonnellate. La strada, in questo scenario, totalizzerebbe "appena" 40 milioni di tonnellate.

Ci sono parecchi problemi da superare se si vuole ottenere questo risultato. Nel 1999 è stata costituita dal ministero federale austriaco dei trasporti, dell'innovazione e della tecnologia una società, la Via Donau, con l'obiettivo di sviluppare l'idrovia del Danubio e di incoraggiare il dirottamento del traffico commerciale dall'autotrasporto al trasporto fluviale.

Secondo Manfred Seitz, amministratore delegato della Via Donau, la società ha in corso oltre 30 progetti per migliorare il margine di competitività del Danubio sino ad un livello internazionale. La sua prospettiva è quella di sviluppare agenzie in tutti i paesi situati lungo le sue rive al fine di sviluppare i servizi e le infrastrutture in collaborazione con le industrie correlate. L'ultima ad essersi aggiunta è situata in Croazia, che ha fatto sapere con chiarezza il proprio interesse allo sviluppo dell'idrovia.

I promotori del trasporto fluviale non si stancheranno mai di sottolineare che il suo principale punto di forza consiste nella sua capacità in assoluto: una chiatta da 3.700 tonnellate può trasportare lo stesso ammontare di merci di 93 carri ferroviari o di 143 camion. E' anche una modalità sensibile all'ambiente, sicura ed economica dal punto di vista del consumo di carburante; inoltre, il sistema funziona 24 ore su 24, sette giorni su sette.

Sebbene la sua reputazione sia quella di essere lento, il trasporto da porta a porta su chiatta da Vienna a Belgrado, utilizzando l'autotrasporto per la raccolta e la consegna, richiede tre giorni di tempo, lo stesso che occorre per ferrovia, rispetto ai due giorni dell'autotrasporto puro. Soprattutto, esso è in genere affidabile, non essendo soggetto alla congestione che affligge il trasporto stradale ed ai ritardi delle ferrovie.

Tuttavia, una difficoltà sta nel fatto che l'idrovia danubiana non è ancora stata integrata in modo appropriato nelle reti di trasporto intermodale. "Il problema maggiore" spiega Seitz "consiste nel fatto che, dato che i concetti e le catene di trasporto si sono formati sulla base del trasporto stradale, è adesso molto difficile adattarli a qualsiasi altro mezzo di trasporto. Questo perché è importante coinvolgere le imprese proprio all'inizio, quando mirano a nuove localizzazioni del bacino del Danubio per nuove industrie".

Ciononostante, Seitz afferma che è ottimista circa il conseguimento dei suoi scopi, una delle ragioni essendo la rapida evoluzione dell'industria automobilistica in questa parte del mondo. Un certo numero di produttori di auto, tra cui la VW (Slovacchia), l'Audi e la Suzuki (Ungheria) e la Daewoo (Romania) hanno aperto impianti di produzione lungo l'idrovia, mentre la Hyundai dovrebbe fare il proprio ingresso in Slovacchia e la Renault in Romania nel 2005/6. Essi vengono supportati da centri di snodo multimodali ad Enns ed a Vienna (Austria), Bratislava (Slovacchia), Györ e Budapest (Ungheria), Belgrado (Serbia/Montenegro), Vidin (Bulgaria), Giurgiu e Costanza (Romania).

La Suzuki effettua operazioni con chiatte più o meno ogni due giorni alla settimana per il trasporto di auto nuove da Regensburg a Györ, ma attualmente, a detta di Seitz, non esistono servizi-navetta indipendenti per containers sul fiume. Egli, peraltro, ravvisa buone opportunità di sviluppo dei servizi ro-ro e containerizzati in futuro.

Un tentativo in tal senso, la DCS Danube Container Services che utilizzava contenitori da 40 piedi con lati a tenda, è fallito a causa della mancanza di capitali. Spiega Seitz: "C'era un po' troppa innovazione: nuovo mercato, nuovo container, nuova tecnologia, nuova ditta e non abbastanza denaro in cassa". Esistono piani finalizzati all'effettuazione di un altro tentativo, ma su una base commerciale più robusta.

Seitz rivela di aver catturato l'interesse di importanti imprese con più volumi di merci da dirottare. "Ora, però, l'interesse è stato trasformato in investimenti concreti" ha detto. Egli prevede che alla fine dovrebbero esserci 100.000 box in viaggio sull'idrovia danubiana.

Oltre ad alimentare in genere i collegamenti con le industrie di produzione e spedizione per promuovere il trasporto fluviale, la Via Donau è assai impegnata nello sviluppo del DoRIS (Servizi Informatici del Fiume Danubio). Quest'ultimo si basa sugli standard del RIS Servizi Informatici Fluviali) diffusi in tutta l'Europa ed è riconosciuto come essenziale nell'opera di conduzione nel 21' secolo della navigazione sul Danubio.

Un elemento-chiave del DoRIS è la rilevazione elettronica della posizione e dell'identità di tutte le navi nel sistema e la loro immissione in una carta elettronica, la ECDIS (Sistema Elettronico Indicazione Informazioni). Il concetto di base è che il DoRIS funga da connessione di comunicazioni tra tutte le parti coinvolte nella navigazione interna, dalle autorità governative agli utenti commerciali (imprese di movimentazione portuale, produttori, spedizionieri di merci e così via).

Un centro di prova è stato allestito in Austria, mediante transponders situati a vari intervalli lungo il corso del fiume a Vienna. Ciò, secondo Seitz, potrebbe costituire uno strumento particolarmente utile per integrare la navigazione sul Danubio nelle catene della logistica in futuro, mettendola in condizione di soddisfare le esigenze dei clienti in materia di tracking e tracing, di flussi di informazioni, di gestione delle risorse e così via.

"Il sistema sarà realmente in funzione nell'intero paese nel 2006 o 2007, e metterà in grado il trasporto fluviale di competere con la ferrovia" afferma. Alla fine, esso sarà esteso fino a comprendere l'intero Danubio.

In parallelo a ciò, vi è l'importanza di conservare e migliorare l'idrovia stessa. La guerra jugoslava ovviamente ha comportato un effetto catastrofico sul corso del Danubio al di sotto dell'Austria, che adesso si sta lentamente riprendendo. Il fiume non è mai stato rinomato per il suo abbondante flusso d'acqua come il Reno, che è alimentato da una serie di laghi alpini e da importanti tributari, e la situazione è stata aggravata lo scorso anno da una siccità di tre mesi che ha causato un interminabile periodo di scarso livello delle acque. I lavori di manutenzione e manutenzione sono perciò i più importanti, ma devono fronteggiare una veemente opposizione da parte degli ambientalisti.

Secondo osservatori del mercato, è improbabile che il famigerato tratto da Vilshofen a Straubing in Germania, cioè il più grande collo di bottiglia dell'intero sistema Reno-Meno-Danubio, venga dragato fino a quando non si verifichi un cambio di governo.

Il governo austriaco, almeno, ha ora deciso di apportare miglioramenti al Danubio da Vienna al confine slovacco, portando il pescaggio sino a 2,8 metri, consentendo ai convogli a spinta un pescaggio teorico massimo di 2,5 metri al posto degli attuali 2,1 metri. Il costo del progetto, che è finanziato dall'Unione Europea, è di 170 milioni di euro, il 40% dei quali viene speso in misure a protezione dell'ambiente nell'ambito dei programmi ecologici di ampliamento regionale. Più oltre lungo il fiume, l'ostruzione cagionata dal pontone di Novi Sad resterà in atto sino a quando non verrà completato alla fine del 2005 il nuovo ponte di Novi Sad.

La Romania sta mostrando interesse nei confronti del miglioramento della sua sezione dell'idrovia e sta provvedendo al dragaggio del percorso di propria pertinenza. Un consorzio formato da imprese rumene, belghe ed olandesi fornirà il supporto tecnico ad un progetto finalizzato a migliorare il Danubio in Romania ad un costo di 1,6 milioni di euro, il 75% dei quali sarà pagato dall'Unione Europea. La Romania sta per approvare altresì una nuova normativa per promuovere la propria flotta di navigazione interna.

All'estremità del fiume, stanno andando avanti i programmi finalizzati alla costruzione della prima sezione del canale Danubio-Mar Nero in Ucraina, assicurando così una valvola di sfogo al mare assai necessaria ai porti danubiani di questo paese. Il progetto richiederà circa cinque anni e mezzo di tempo; il completamento della sua prima fase da 14 milioni di dollari è previsto in alcuni mesi.

Quanto ai porti lungo il Danubio, l'Austria è particolarmente impegnata con diversi nuovi progetti in corso. Il terminal intermodale di Vienna lo scorso anno ha dato un impulso del 16% ai propri risultati relativi ai containers sino a 153.000 TEU, per lo più in conseguenza di servizi regolari di treni-blocco da Vienna ai porti nord-europei di Amburgo, Brema e Rotterdam. A partire da questo autunno, il porto ha in programma l'espansione delle proprie attività sino a 250.000 TEU per un costo di 48 milioni di euro e sta altresì sviluppando una stretta collaborazione con la OBB (ferrovie austriache) per la movimentazione del traffico intermodale.

Un nuovo terminal contenitori presso il porto austriaco di Enns è stato inaugurato questa estate per le operazioni ferro-stradali e diventerà una vera e propria infrastruttura trimodale a metà dell'anno prossimo quando verrà installata una gru a cavaliere per contenitori. Anche Krems verrà migliorato sino a diventare un hub intermodale per il traffico continentale.

Ma è Costanza sul Mar Nero che mostra lo sviluppo più clamoroso. Il complesso portuale è avviato a movimentare 300.000 TEU quest'anno, avendo realizzato risultati superiori a poco più di 145.000 TEU nei primi sei mesi presso i suoi tre porti di Costanza, Mangalia e Midia. Si tratta di una crescita del 75%. I volumi lo scorso anno erano già superiori del 51% rispetto al 2002, quando erano stati realizzati 206.449 TEU.

L'incremento è principalmente dovuto all'apertura del nuovo terminal contenitori nel Porto Sud a novembre dello scorso anno, con una capacità di 325.000 TEU. La seconda fase di sviluppo spingerà la capacità a 405.000 TEU dopo il 2009, e la terza fase, a partire dal 2014 o 2015, prevede un ulteriore incremento sino ad 1 milione di TEU.

Proprio a Costanza si è svolto il primo summit sul Danubio nel 2002, nel corso del quale sono stati analizzate le questioni-chiave relative allo sviluppo del corridoio danubiano. Esso sarà seguito ad ottobre di quest'anno da un secondo summit a Belgrado, la capitale della Serbia e Montenegro. Come precisa Seitz, "lo sviluppo dell'idrovia danubiana nel contesto di un asse di trasporto primario europeo richiede una stretta collaborazione tra tutti gli organismi e le imprese interessate. Il summit del Danubio fornirà un'eccellente opportunità per elaborare strategie ed iniziative comuni".

Tuttavia, è chiaro che una grande massa d'acqua scorrerà sotto i ponti prima che questo lodevole obiettivo possa essere conseguito.
(da: CargoSystems, settembre 2004)




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Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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