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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 10/2004 - OCTOBER 2004

Trasporto fluviale

Il corridoio del Danubio

Più di 100 milioni di persone vivono e lavorano nell'area servita dal Danubio. E' probabile che essa, designata quale Corridoio Pan-Europeo VII dall'Unione Europea, assista ad un enorme incremento dei propri traffici nei prossimi decenni in seguito all'esplosione della crescita economica.

La questione più rilevante è quanto di quell'incremento dei traffici sarà trasportato dal Danubio stesso, e quanto dalla strada e dalla ferrovia. Uno studio elaborato dal consorzio ALSO Danubio (Soluzioni Logistiche Avanzate per l'Idrovia del Danubio) prevede che se nulla verrà fatto per promuovere il trasporto fluviale su chiatta, i volumi trasportati nel corridoio danubiano austriaco raddoppieranno dai 25 milioni di tonnellate del 2000 ai 50 milioni di tonnellate nel 2015, con le merci per ferrovia che crescerebbero da 17 a 28 milioni tonnellate, mentre quelle per idrovia solamente da 12 a 16 milioni di tonnellate.

Se venissero adottati provvedimenti inerenti alla logistica ed alla telematica e si garantisse un pescaggio di 2,5 metri, tuttavia, l'idrovia vedrebbe i propri volumi crescere sino a 29 milioni di tonnellate nello stesso periodo, lasciandosi dietro la ferrovia a 25 milioni di tonnellate. La strada, in questo scenario, totalizzerebbe "appena" 40 milioni di tonnellate.

Ci sono parecchi problemi da superare se si vuole ottenere questo risultato. Nel 1999 è stata costituita dal ministero federale austriaco dei trasporti, dell'innovazione e della tecnologia una società, la Via Donau, con l'obiettivo di sviluppare l'idrovia del Danubio e di incoraggiare il dirottamento del traffico commerciale dall'autotrasporto al trasporto fluviale.

Secondo Manfred Seitz, amministratore delegato della Via Donau, la società ha in corso oltre 30 progetti per migliorare il margine di competitività del Danubio sino ad un livello internazionale. La sua prospettiva è quella di sviluppare agenzie in tutti i paesi situati lungo le sue rive al fine di sviluppare i servizi e le infrastrutture in collaborazione con le industrie correlate. L'ultima ad essersi aggiunta è situata in Croazia, che ha fatto sapere con chiarezza il proprio interesse allo sviluppo dell'idrovia.

I promotori del trasporto fluviale non si stancheranno mai di sottolineare che il suo principale punto di forza consiste nella sua capacità in assoluto: una chiatta da 3.700 tonnellate può trasportare lo stesso ammontare di merci di 93 carri ferroviari o di 143 camion. E' anche una modalità sensibile all'ambiente, sicura ed economica dal punto di vista del consumo di carburante; inoltre, il sistema funziona 24 ore su 24, sette giorni su sette.

Sebbene la sua reputazione sia quella di essere lento, il trasporto da porta a porta su chiatta da Vienna a Belgrado, utilizzando l'autotrasporto per la raccolta e la consegna, richiede tre giorni di tempo, lo stesso che occorre per ferrovia, rispetto ai due giorni dell'autotrasporto puro. Soprattutto, esso è in genere affidabile, non essendo soggetto alla congestione che affligge il trasporto stradale ed ai ritardi delle ferrovie.

Tuttavia, una difficoltà sta nel fatto che l'idrovia danubiana non è ancora stata integrata in modo appropriato nelle reti di trasporto intermodale. "Il problema maggiore" spiega Seitz "consiste nel fatto che, dato che i concetti e le catene di trasporto si sono formati sulla base del trasporto stradale, è adesso molto difficile adattarli a qualsiasi altro mezzo di trasporto. Questo perché è importante coinvolgere le imprese proprio all'inizio, quando mirano a nuove localizzazioni del bacino del Danubio per nuove industrie".

Ciononostante, Seitz afferma che è ottimista circa il conseguimento dei suoi scopi, una delle ragioni essendo la rapida evoluzione dell'industria automobilistica in questa parte del mondo. Un certo numero di produttori di auto, tra cui la VW (Slovacchia), l'Audi e la Suzuki (Ungheria) e la Daewoo (Romania) hanno aperto impianti di produzione lungo l'idrovia, mentre la Hyundai dovrebbe fare il proprio ingresso in Slovacchia e la Renault in Romania nel 2005/6. Essi vengono supportati da centri di snodo multimodali ad Enns ed a Vienna (Austria), Bratislava (Slovacchia), Györ e Budapest (Ungheria), Belgrado (Serbia/Montenegro), Vidin (Bulgaria), Giurgiu e Costanza (Romania).

La Suzuki effettua operazioni con chiatte più o meno ogni due giorni alla settimana per il trasporto di auto nuove da Regensburg a Györ, ma attualmente, a detta di Seitz, non esistono servizi-navetta indipendenti per containers sul fiume. Egli, peraltro, ravvisa buone opportunità di sviluppo dei servizi ro-ro e containerizzati in futuro.

Un tentativo in tal senso, la DCS Danube Container Services che utilizzava contenitori da 40 piedi con lati a tenda, è fallito a causa della mancanza di capitali. Spiega Seitz: "C'era un po' troppa innovazione: nuovo mercato, nuovo container, nuova tecnologia, nuova ditta e non abbastanza denaro in cassa". Esistono piani finalizzati all'effettuazione di un altro tentativo, ma su una base commerciale più robusta.

Seitz rivela di aver catturato l'interesse di importanti imprese con più volumi di merci da dirottare. "Ora, però, l'interesse è stato trasformato in investimenti concreti" ha detto. Egli prevede che alla fine dovrebbero esserci 100.000 box in viaggio sull'idrovia danubiana.

Oltre ad alimentare in genere i collegamenti con le industrie di produzione e spedizione per promuovere il trasporto fluviale, la Via Donau è assai impegnata nello sviluppo del DoRIS (Servizi Informatici del Fiume Danubio). Quest'ultimo si basa sugli standard del RIS Servizi Informatici Fluviali) diffusi in tutta l'Europa ed è riconosciuto come essenziale nell'opera di conduzione nel 21' secolo della navigazione sul Danubio.

Un elemento-chiave del DoRIS è la rilevazione elettronica della posizione e dell'identità di tutte le navi nel sistema e la loro immissione in una carta elettronica, la ECDIS (Sistema Elettronico Indicazione Informazioni). Il concetto di base è che il DoRIS funga da connessione di comunicazioni tra tutte le parti coinvolte nella navigazione interna, dalle autorità governative agli utenti commerciali (imprese di movimentazione portuale, produttori, spedizionieri di merci e così via).

Un centro di prova è stato allestito in Austria, mediante transponders situati a vari intervalli lungo il corso del fiume a Vienna. Ciò, secondo Seitz, potrebbe costituire uno strumento particolarmente utile per integrare la navigazione sul Danubio nelle catene della logistica in futuro, mettendola in condizione di soddisfare le esigenze dei clienti in materia di tracking e tracing, di flussi di informazioni, di gestione delle risorse e così via.

"Il sistema sarà realmente in funzione nell'intero paese nel 2006 o 2007, e metterà in grado il trasporto fluviale di competere con la ferrovia" afferma. Alla fine, esso sarà esteso fino a comprendere l'intero Danubio.

In parallelo a ciò, vi è l'importanza di conservare e migliorare l'idrovia stessa. La guerra jugoslava ovviamente ha comportato un effetto catastrofico sul corso del Danubio al di sotto dell'Austria, che adesso si sta lentamente riprendendo. Il fiume non è mai stato rinomato per il suo abbondante flusso d'acqua come il Reno, che è alimentato da una serie di laghi alpini e da importanti tributari, e la situazione è stata aggravata lo scorso anno da una siccità di tre mesi che ha causato un interminabile periodo di scarso livello delle acque. I lavori di manutenzione e manutenzione sono perciò i più importanti, ma devono fronteggiare una veemente opposizione da parte degli ambientalisti.

Secondo osservatori del mercato, è improbabile che il famigerato tratto da Vilshofen a Straubing in Germania, cioè il più grande collo di bottiglia dell'intero sistema Reno-Meno-Danubio, venga dragato fino a quando non si verifichi un cambio di governo.

Il governo austriaco, almeno, ha ora deciso di apportare miglioramenti al Danubio da Vienna al confine slovacco, portando il pescaggio sino a 2,8 metri, consentendo ai convogli a spinta un pescaggio teorico massimo di 2,5 metri al posto degli attuali 2,1 metri. Il costo del progetto, che è finanziato dall'Unione Europea, è di 170 milioni di euro, il 40% dei quali viene speso in misure a protezione dell'ambiente nell'ambito dei programmi ecologici di ampliamento regionale. Più oltre lungo il fiume, l'ostruzione cagionata dal pontone di Novi Sad resterà in atto sino a quando non verrà completato alla fine del 2005 il nuovo ponte di Novi Sad.

La Romania sta mostrando interesse nei confronti del miglioramento della sua sezione dell'idrovia e sta provvedendo al dragaggio del percorso di propria pertinenza. Un consorzio formato da imprese rumene, belghe ed olandesi fornirà il supporto tecnico ad un progetto finalizzato a migliorare il Danubio in Romania ad un costo di 1,6 milioni di euro, il 75% dei quali sarà pagato dall'Unione Europea. La Romania sta per approvare altresì una nuova normativa per promuovere la propria flotta di navigazione interna.

All'estremità del fiume, stanno andando avanti i programmi finalizzati alla costruzione della prima sezione del canale Danubio-Mar Nero in Ucraina, assicurando così una valvola di sfogo al mare assai necessaria ai porti danubiani di questo paese. Il progetto richiederà circa cinque anni e mezzo di tempo; il completamento della sua prima fase da 14 milioni di dollari è previsto in alcuni mesi.

Quanto ai porti lungo il Danubio, l'Austria è particolarmente impegnata con diversi nuovi progetti in corso. Il terminal intermodale di Vienna lo scorso anno ha dato un impulso del 16% ai propri risultati relativi ai containers sino a 153.000 TEU, per lo più in conseguenza di servizi regolari di treni-blocco da Vienna ai porti nord-europei di Amburgo, Brema e Rotterdam. A partire da questo autunno, il porto ha in programma l'espansione delle proprie attività sino a 250.000 TEU per un costo di 48 milioni di euro e sta altresì sviluppando una stretta collaborazione con la OBB (ferrovie austriache) per la movimentazione del traffico intermodale.

Un nuovo terminal contenitori presso il porto austriaco di Enns è stato inaugurato questa estate per le operazioni ferro-stradali e diventerà una vera e propria infrastruttura trimodale a metà dell'anno prossimo quando verrà installata una gru a cavaliere per contenitori. Anche Krems verrà migliorato sino a diventare un hub intermodale per il traffico continentale.

Ma è Costanza sul Mar Nero che mostra lo sviluppo più clamoroso. Il complesso portuale è avviato a movimentare 300.000 TEU quest'anno, avendo realizzato risultati superiori a poco più di 145.000 TEU nei primi sei mesi presso i suoi tre porti di Costanza, Mangalia e Midia. Si tratta di una crescita del 75%. I volumi lo scorso anno erano già superiori del 51% rispetto al 2002, quando erano stati realizzati 206.449 TEU.

L'incremento è principalmente dovuto all'apertura del nuovo terminal contenitori nel Porto Sud a novembre dello scorso anno, con una capacità di 325.000 TEU. La seconda fase di sviluppo spingerà la capacità a 405.000 TEU dopo il 2009, e la terza fase, a partire dal 2014 o 2015, prevede un ulteriore incremento sino ad 1 milione di TEU.

Proprio a Costanza si è svolto il primo summit sul Danubio nel 2002, nel corso del quale sono stati analizzate le questioni-chiave relative allo sviluppo del corridoio danubiano. Esso sarà seguito ad ottobre di quest'anno da un secondo summit a Belgrado, la capitale della Serbia e Montenegro. Come precisa Seitz, "lo sviluppo dell'idrovia danubiana nel contesto di un asse di trasporto primario europeo richiede una stretta collaborazione tra tutti gli organismi e le imprese interessate. Il summit del Danubio fornirà un'eccellente opportunità per elaborare strategie ed iniziative comuni".

Tuttavia, è chiaro che una grande massa d'acqua scorrerà sotto i ponti prima che questo lodevole obiettivo possa essere conseguito.
(da: CargoSystems, settembre 2004)




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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
SOS LOGistica, allocating only 10% of the €590 million for road transport to zero-emission vehicles is self-destructive.
Rome/Milan
Texts: talking today about a heavy BEV market that "takes off" remains a mirage
The first U212NFS submarine is being laid down at Fincantieri's Muggiano shipyard.
Trieste
The delivery of the first unit is scheduled for 2029
A new tender has been published for railway shunting in the ports of Savona and Vado Ligure.
Genoa
The tender base amount is 14.8 million euros
China's LC Logistics orders two new 11,000-TEU containerships
Hong Kong
Order with a total value of 236 million dollars
Palumbo Superyachts to build new metal shipbuilding hub in Ortona
Ortona
Concession area in the Abruzzo port
Kuehne+Nagel acquires the road transport business of German firm Lohmöller
Schindellegi
In 2024 they had generated a turnover of approximately 23.5 million euros
Fincantieri delivered the ultra-luxury cruise yacht Four Seasons I in Ancona
Trieste
The Navis Sapiens program also debuts with the ship
Rolls-Royce posts record annual financial performance
London
Revenues increased by 12.2% last year
Nearly 12 million tonnes of CO2 avoided in 2025 for vessels coated with Jotun products
Muggia
Estimated fuel cost savings of approximately $2 billion
In 2025, intermodal traffic handled by Interporto Padova amounted to 381,031 TEUs (-7.5%)
Padua
Record production value recorded
In 2025, the Nola interport handled 2,000 trains
Nola
A 50% increase is expected in 2026
A Livorno port pilot loses his life in a collision
Livorno
The dynamics of the accident are still under investigation.
Study on alternative marine fuels as potential marine pollutants and the effectiveness of response measures
Lisbon
It was commissioned by the European Maritime Safety Agency
The first in-person meeting of the international working group "Cruises & Port Cities" will take place in Taranto.
Taranto/La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP Liguria Orientale): the relationship between the city and the port is strategic, particularly in relation to cruise traffic
G20 merchandise trade trend to fluctuate in the fourth quarter of 2025
Paris
Trade in services is growing
Extension of incentives for rail freight shunting in ports
Rome
Paper (Fermerci): the sector, however, continues to suffer as demonstrated by the overall data for 2025
Saipem has been awarded a further offshore contract in Saudi Arabia
Milan
Order worth approximately 500 million dollars
MPC Container Ships revenues decreased by -4.3% in 2025
Oslo
Net income was $236.4 million (-11.4%)
The new offices of the Eastern Sicily Port Authority have been inaugurated in the port of Pozzallo.
Pozzallo
Contract worth approximately 750 thousand euros
Finmar appointed agent in Italy for United Global Ro-Ro
Genoa
Two services scheduled with stops at the port of Genoa
Contract awarded for the expansion of the San Cataldo Pier in the port of Bari
Bari
They will be carried out by the Rti Fincantieri Infrastructure Opere Marittime, Boskalis Italia, Zeta and e-Marine
The digital registry of maritime workers and the digital navigation booklet are law
Genoa
Article 11 of Legislative Decree 19/2026 establishes AGEMAR
DB Cargo plans to cut around 6,000 jobs
Berlin
Negotiations with employee representatives to begin soon
In 2025, containers transported by RCL's fleet increased by +8.8%
Bangkok
Revenues from this activity grew by +5.2%
Regarding Tardini's nomination as president of the Western Sicily Port Authority, Salvini and Schifani have (for now) buried the hatchet.
Palermo
Annual container traffic grows by 5.4% at HHLA port terminals
Hamburg
Record revenues expected at 1.76 billion euros (+9.9%)
Container traffic at the Port of New York is expected to grow by 2.3% in 2025.
New York
Significant increase in full containers for export
Politics and Assiterminal celebrate the extension of the port bonus
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: understood the value of the planning behind the reformulation of the law
Container traffic at the port of Hong Kong decreased by -3.2% in January
Hong Kong
1.13 million TEUs were handled
Costamare secures $940 million in revenue from the charter of 12 container ships
Monk
Cargo traffic at the port of Singapore grew by 13.0% last month.
Singapore
Containers amounted to 3,892,370 TEUs (+11.3%)
CMA CGM has ordered six 1,700 TEU LNG containerships from Cochin Shipyard.
Marseille
By the end of the year, the number of Indian seafarers on board the French group's ships will rise to 1,500.
Filt Cgil, meeting on the importance of Article 17 of Law 84/94
Rome
It will be held tomorrow in Rome at the Frentani Congress Center
Britta Weber has been appointed as the new chief executive officer of the Hupac Group.
Noise
He is the current vice president of UPS Healthcare for Europe and Asia.
Saipem to acquire mobile offshore drilling unit for $272.5 million
Milan
Agreement with Norwegian Deep Value Driller
The 59th edition of the San Giorgio Award will be held in Genoa on February 20th.
Genoa
The Targa San Giorgio will be awarded to Gian Enzo Duci
Filt Cgil appeals against Cartour's authorization to carry out lashing and unlashing operations.
Medlog inaugurates a logistics park at Dammam's King Abdulaziz Port
Geneva
It occupies an area of over 100 thousand square meters
Manageritalia and Assologistica sign the renewal of the Ccnl managers of the logistics
Rome
Monthly gross earnings increase at 750 Euros in three tranche
Subscribed a binding agreement for the acquisition of Qube by Macquarie Asset Management
Sydney
It was unanimously approved by the Australian logistic group Cda
Meyer Turku completed the design of a cruise ship to zero net emissions
Turku
The main fuel is biomethanol
Last year the turnover of Kalmar grew by +1%
Helsinki
Operating income, net profit and new orders in increase respective of +26%, +28% and +8%
Terminal Investment Limited puts hands on the Peruvian port of Pisco
Lima
Acquired the Portuario de Paracas Terminal
Assagenti urges a more constant and timely information on the progress of the work of the new dam of Genoa
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the Grande Michigan
Naples
It is the eighth Pure Car and Truck Carrier ammonia ready of the Neapolitan group
Meeting between the presidents of the Maritime Federation and Assoporti
Rome
Mario Mattioli and Roberto Petri addressed the main issues of the maritime cluster
Morocco's Marsa Maroc participates in the development of the port of Monrovia
Casablanca
Contract for the management of two docks and the construction of a multipurpose terminal
South Korea's Pan Ocean buys ten VLCCs from compatriot SK Shipping
Seoul
Transaction valued at approximately $668 million
Stefano Messina has been confirmed as president of Assarmatori
Rome
He will also lead the shipowners' association in the four-year period 2026-2030
Roberto Mantovanelli has been appointed Secretary General of the Northern Adriatic Port Authority.
Venice
The 2026-2028 Three-Year Operational Plan for the Ports of Venice and Chioggia has been approved.
In 2025, Albanian ports handled a record traffic of 8.2 million tons of goods (+6.2%)
Tirana
A new peak in passengers also amounted to 1.7 million units (+6.4%)
WASS (Fincantieri) has been awarded a contract by Saudi Arabia for the supply of lightweight torpedoes
Trieste
The order is worth more than 200 million euros
Oxin (Somec) awarded a major order for the construction of kitchen, pantry, catering and bar areas for two cruise ships
San Vendemiano
The value of the order is 53 million euros
Sogedim launches a daily service between Carpi and Campogalliano/England
Carpi
Daily shuttle departing from the logistics hubs of Campogalliano, Carpi and Prato
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly and annual revenue.
Athens
Profits are falling
CPPIB and OMERS are considering selling their 67% stake in Associated British Ports.
London
Maersk orders eight 18,600 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Copenhagen
Built by New Times Shipbuilding Co., they will be delivered between 2029 and 2030.
PaxOcean opens new shipyard in Singapore
Singapore
It occupies an area of 17.3 hectares
The largest container ship ever arrived in the port of Trieste
Trieste
Port of call of the "MSC Diana" which has a capacity of approximately 19,000 TEUs
Antin Infrastructure Partners acquires U.S. shipbuilder Vigor Marine Group
New York
It has shipyards in Seattle, Portland, Vancouver, San Diego and Norfolk
In 2025, Moroccan ports handled a record traffic of 262.6 million tons of goods (+8.9%)
Rabat
Transhipment equal to 50.5% of the total
Yang Ming deploys first of five 15,500 TEU dual-fuel LNG vessels on Asia-Mediterranean route
Keelung
It will be used in the MD2 service
Study highlights challenges for LNG containerships in complying with future cold ironing connection requirements
Berlin/Hamburg
Fincantieri and Wsense reach agreement to offer cutting-edge underwater systems
Trieste
Co-development of advanced wireless technology solutions planned
Study finds high levels of persistent organic pollutants caused by shipbreaking activities
Brussels
Port of Livorno: tender for ship-generated waste management begins
Livorno
The expected value of the contract is over 40 million euros
DSV revenue and profits impacted by Schenker acquisition
Copenhagen
In 2025, turnover grew by +48.0%
Wärtsilä reports significant growth in quarterly and annual results for the Marine segment
Helsinki
The Finnish group's new orders acquired in 2025 remain stable.
Dutch company Portwise has been bought by its compatriot Haskoning
Rijswijk
The company offers solutions for optimizing terminal operations through automation and electrification
Construction of the first of six container ships for Italia Marittima has begun in China.
Trieste
The ships, which will be able to use traditional fuel and methanol, will have a capacity of 2,400 TEUs
In the Strait of Hormuz, armed vessels ordered a US tanker to stop
Southampton/London
GTS announces new rail services between the port of Genoa and central and southern Italy.
Bari
Connections via the Segrate Milan terminal
Kuehne+Nagel expands CargoCity South at Frankfurt Airport
Schindellegi
A new facility will be completed and taken over at the end of 2028
The number of dual-fuel vessels employed by liner shipping lines is set to double by 2025
Washington
Currently, 74% of the order book consists of units of this type
AD Ports signs agreement to build and operate multipurpose terminal at Matadi Port
Abu Dhabi/Kinshasa
Relaunch of the Banana Deepwater Port Construction Project
Confitarma: The Revenue Agency's position risks having serious repercussions on Italian seafarers' employment.
Rome
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Filt Cgil, meeting on the importance of Article 17 of Law 84/94
Rome
It will be held tomorrow in Rome at the Frentani Congress Center
A conference on congestion in the North West logistics system will be held in Genoa on January 19th.
Genoa
It will be held at the Transparency Hall of the Liguria Region
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Auction of megaterminal in Santos may be postponed due to deadlock within the Federal Government
(A Tribuna)
East Port Said Port faces a new challenge with Europe's carbon rules for shipping
(EnterpriseAM)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Bucchioni appointed pro tempore president of the Association of Freight Forwarders of the Port of La Spezia
La Spezia
The tender for the development of the shipbuilding hub in the port of Ancona has begun.
Ancona
The AdSP Management Committee has approved the call for tenders
ONE's quarterly financial performance declines further
Singapore
The volume of containerized cargo transported by the fleet remains stable
Laura DiBella's nomination for FMC presidency has been signed.
Washington
His term will expire on June 30, 2028.
Port of Singapore saw record bunker deliveries in 2025
Singapore
PSA-MOL joint venture to manage a new ro-ro terminal
The port of Taranto was visited by a delegation from the Japanese FLOWRA
Taranto
The association brings together 21 of the main Japanese energy players
ABB's new orders in a quarter exceed $10 billion for the first time.
Zurich
Growing demand in the maritime, port and railway sectors
In the United States, MSC was fined a total of $22.67 million
Washington
The Federal Maritime Commission has released the results of an investigation
CSC Vespucci and Livorno Reefer will form a single platform dedicated to fruit and vegetable and exotic products in the port of Livorno
Signal Ocean has acquired AXSMarine
Paris/London
The company offers web platforms to support the ship charter sector
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