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16 October 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 10/2004 - OCTOBER 2004

Trasporto fluviale

Il corridoio del Danubio

Più di 100 milioni di persone vivono e lavorano nell'area servita dal Danubio. E' probabile che essa, designata quale Corridoio Pan-Europeo VII dall'Unione Europea, assista ad un enorme incremento dei propri traffici nei prossimi decenni in seguito all'esplosione della crescita economica.

La questione più rilevante è quanto di quell'incremento dei traffici sarà trasportato dal Danubio stesso, e quanto dalla strada e dalla ferrovia. Uno studio elaborato dal consorzio ALSO Danubio (Soluzioni Logistiche Avanzate per l'Idrovia del Danubio) prevede che se nulla verrà fatto per promuovere il trasporto fluviale su chiatta, i volumi trasportati nel corridoio danubiano austriaco raddoppieranno dai 25 milioni di tonnellate del 2000 ai 50 milioni di tonnellate nel 2015, con le merci per ferrovia che crescerebbero da 17 a 28 milioni tonnellate, mentre quelle per idrovia solamente da 12 a 16 milioni di tonnellate.

Se venissero adottati provvedimenti inerenti alla logistica ed alla telematica e si garantisse un pescaggio di 2,5 metri, tuttavia, l'idrovia vedrebbe i propri volumi crescere sino a 29 milioni di tonnellate nello stesso periodo, lasciandosi dietro la ferrovia a 25 milioni di tonnellate. La strada, in questo scenario, totalizzerebbe "appena" 40 milioni di tonnellate.

Ci sono parecchi problemi da superare se si vuole ottenere questo risultato. Nel 1999 è stata costituita dal ministero federale austriaco dei trasporti, dell'innovazione e della tecnologia una società, la Via Donau, con l'obiettivo di sviluppare l'idrovia del Danubio e di incoraggiare il dirottamento del traffico commerciale dall'autotrasporto al trasporto fluviale.

Secondo Manfred Seitz, amministratore delegato della Via Donau, la società ha in corso oltre 30 progetti per migliorare il margine di competitività del Danubio sino ad un livello internazionale. La sua prospettiva è quella di sviluppare agenzie in tutti i paesi situati lungo le sue rive al fine di sviluppare i servizi e le infrastrutture in collaborazione con le industrie correlate. L'ultima ad essersi aggiunta è situata in Croazia, che ha fatto sapere con chiarezza il proprio interesse allo sviluppo dell'idrovia.

I promotori del trasporto fluviale non si stancheranno mai di sottolineare che il suo principale punto di forza consiste nella sua capacità in assoluto: una chiatta da 3.700 tonnellate può trasportare lo stesso ammontare di merci di 93 carri ferroviari o di 143 camion. E' anche una modalità sensibile all'ambiente, sicura ed economica dal punto di vista del consumo di carburante; inoltre, il sistema funziona 24 ore su 24, sette giorni su sette.

Sebbene la sua reputazione sia quella di essere lento, il trasporto da porta a porta su chiatta da Vienna a Belgrado, utilizzando l'autotrasporto per la raccolta e la consegna, richiede tre giorni di tempo, lo stesso che occorre per ferrovia, rispetto ai due giorni dell'autotrasporto puro. Soprattutto, esso è in genere affidabile, non essendo soggetto alla congestione che affligge il trasporto stradale ed ai ritardi delle ferrovie.

Tuttavia, una difficoltà sta nel fatto che l'idrovia danubiana non è ancora stata integrata in modo appropriato nelle reti di trasporto intermodale. "Il problema maggiore" spiega Seitz "consiste nel fatto che, dato che i concetti e le catene di trasporto si sono formati sulla base del trasporto stradale, è adesso molto difficile adattarli a qualsiasi altro mezzo di trasporto. Questo perché è importante coinvolgere le imprese proprio all'inizio, quando mirano a nuove localizzazioni del bacino del Danubio per nuove industrie".

Ciononostante, Seitz afferma che è ottimista circa il conseguimento dei suoi scopi, una delle ragioni essendo la rapida evoluzione dell'industria automobilistica in questa parte del mondo. Un certo numero di produttori di auto, tra cui la VW (Slovacchia), l'Audi e la Suzuki (Ungheria) e la Daewoo (Romania) hanno aperto impianti di produzione lungo l'idrovia, mentre la Hyundai dovrebbe fare il proprio ingresso in Slovacchia e la Renault in Romania nel 2005/6. Essi vengono supportati da centri di snodo multimodali ad Enns ed a Vienna (Austria), Bratislava (Slovacchia), Györ e Budapest (Ungheria), Belgrado (Serbia/Montenegro), Vidin (Bulgaria), Giurgiu e Costanza (Romania).

La Suzuki effettua operazioni con chiatte più o meno ogni due giorni alla settimana per il trasporto di auto nuove da Regensburg a Györ, ma attualmente, a detta di Seitz, non esistono servizi-navetta indipendenti per containers sul fiume. Egli, peraltro, ravvisa buone opportunità di sviluppo dei servizi ro-ro e containerizzati in futuro.

Un tentativo in tal senso, la DCS Danube Container Services che utilizzava contenitori da 40 piedi con lati a tenda, è fallito a causa della mancanza di capitali. Spiega Seitz: "C'era un po' troppa innovazione: nuovo mercato, nuovo container, nuova tecnologia, nuova ditta e non abbastanza denaro in cassa". Esistono piani finalizzati all'effettuazione di un altro tentativo, ma su una base commerciale più robusta.

Seitz rivela di aver catturato l'interesse di importanti imprese con più volumi di merci da dirottare. "Ora, però, l'interesse è stato trasformato in investimenti concreti" ha detto. Egli prevede che alla fine dovrebbero esserci 100.000 box in viaggio sull'idrovia danubiana.

Oltre ad alimentare in genere i collegamenti con le industrie di produzione e spedizione per promuovere il trasporto fluviale, la Via Donau è assai impegnata nello sviluppo del DoRIS (Servizi Informatici del Fiume Danubio). Quest'ultimo si basa sugli standard del RIS Servizi Informatici Fluviali) diffusi in tutta l'Europa ed è riconosciuto come essenziale nell'opera di conduzione nel 21' secolo della navigazione sul Danubio.

Un elemento-chiave del DoRIS è la rilevazione elettronica della posizione e dell'identità di tutte le navi nel sistema e la loro immissione in una carta elettronica, la ECDIS (Sistema Elettronico Indicazione Informazioni). Il concetto di base è che il DoRIS funga da connessione di comunicazioni tra tutte le parti coinvolte nella navigazione interna, dalle autorità governative agli utenti commerciali (imprese di movimentazione portuale, produttori, spedizionieri di merci e così via).

Un centro di prova è stato allestito in Austria, mediante transponders situati a vari intervalli lungo il corso del fiume a Vienna. Ciò, secondo Seitz, potrebbe costituire uno strumento particolarmente utile per integrare la navigazione sul Danubio nelle catene della logistica in futuro, mettendola in condizione di soddisfare le esigenze dei clienti in materia di tracking e tracing, di flussi di informazioni, di gestione delle risorse e così via.

"Il sistema sarà realmente in funzione nell'intero paese nel 2006 o 2007, e metterà in grado il trasporto fluviale di competere con la ferrovia" afferma. Alla fine, esso sarà esteso fino a comprendere l'intero Danubio.

In parallelo a ciò, vi è l'importanza di conservare e migliorare l'idrovia stessa. La guerra jugoslava ovviamente ha comportato un effetto catastrofico sul corso del Danubio al di sotto dell'Austria, che adesso si sta lentamente riprendendo. Il fiume non è mai stato rinomato per il suo abbondante flusso d'acqua come il Reno, che è alimentato da una serie di laghi alpini e da importanti tributari, e la situazione è stata aggravata lo scorso anno da una siccità di tre mesi che ha causato un interminabile periodo di scarso livello delle acque. I lavori di manutenzione e manutenzione sono perciò i più importanti, ma devono fronteggiare una veemente opposizione da parte degli ambientalisti.

Secondo osservatori del mercato, è improbabile che il famigerato tratto da Vilshofen a Straubing in Germania, cioè il più grande collo di bottiglia dell'intero sistema Reno-Meno-Danubio, venga dragato fino a quando non si verifichi un cambio di governo.

Il governo austriaco, almeno, ha ora deciso di apportare miglioramenti al Danubio da Vienna al confine slovacco, portando il pescaggio sino a 2,8 metri, consentendo ai convogli a spinta un pescaggio teorico massimo di 2,5 metri al posto degli attuali 2,1 metri. Il costo del progetto, che è finanziato dall'Unione Europea, è di 170 milioni di euro, il 40% dei quali viene speso in misure a protezione dell'ambiente nell'ambito dei programmi ecologici di ampliamento regionale. Più oltre lungo il fiume, l'ostruzione cagionata dal pontone di Novi Sad resterà in atto sino a quando non verrà completato alla fine del 2005 il nuovo ponte di Novi Sad.

La Romania sta mostrando interesse nei confronti del miglioramento della sua sezione dell'idrovia e sta provvedendo al dragaggio del percorso di propria pertinenza. Un consorzio formato da imprese rumene, belghe ed olandesi fornirà il supporto tecnico ad un progetto finalizzato a migliorare il Danubio in Romania ad un costo di 1,6 milioni di euro, il 75% dei quali sarà pagato dall'Unione Europea. La Romania sta per approvare altresì una nuova normativa per promuovere la propria flotta di navigazione interna.

All'estremità del fiume, stanno andando avanti i programmi finalizzati alla costruzione della prima sezione del canale Danubio-Mar Nero in Ucraina, assicurando così una valvola di sfogo al mare assai necessaria ai porti danubiani di questo paese. Il progetto richiederà circa cinque anni e mezzo di tempo; il completamento della sua prima fase da 14 milioni di dollari è previsto in alcuni mesi.

Quanto ai porti lungo il Danubio, l'Austria è particolarmente impegnata con diversi nuovi progetti in corso. Il terminal intermodale di Vienna lo scorso anno ha dato un impulso del 16% ai propri risultati relativi ai containers sino a 153.000 TEU, per lo più in conseguenza di servizi regolari di treni-blocco da Vienna ai porti nord-europei di Amburgo, Brema e Rotterdam. A partire da questo autunno, il porto ha in programma l'espansione delle proprie attività sino a 250.000 TEU per un costo di 48 milioni di euro e sta altresì sviluppando una stretta collaborazione con la OBB (ferrovie austriache) per la movimentazione del traffico intermodale.

Un nuovo terminal contenitori presso il porto austriaco di Enns è stato inaugurato questa estate per le operazioni ferro-stradali e diventerà una vera e propria infrastruttura trimodale a metà dell'anno prossimo quando verrà installata una gru a cavaliere per contenitori. Anche Krems verrà migliorato sino a diventare un hub intermodale per il traffico continentale.

Ma è Costanza sul Mar Nero che mostra lo sviluppo più clamoroso. Il complesso portuale è avviato a movimentare 300.000 TEU quest'anno, avendo realizzato risultati superiori a poco più di 145.000 TEU nei primi sei mesi presso i suoi tre porti di Costanza, Mangalia e Midia. Si tratta di una crescita del 75%. I volumi lo scorso anno erano già superiori del 51% rispetto al 2002, quando erano stati realizzati 206.449 TEU.

L'incremento è principalmente dovuto all'apertura del nuovo terminal contenitori nel Porto Sud a novembre dello scorso anno, con una capacità di 325.000 TEU. La seconda fase di sviluppo spingerà la capacità a 405.000 TEU dopo il 2009, e la terza fase, a partire dal 2014 o 2015, prevede un ulteriore incremento sino ad 1 milione di TEU.

Proprio a Costanza si è svolto il primo summit sul Danubio nel 2002, nel corso del quale sono stati analizzate le questioni-chiave relative allo sviluppo del corridoio danubiano. Esso sarà seguito ad ottobre di quest'anno da un secondo summit a Belgrado, la capitale della Serbia e Montenegro. Come precisa Seitz, "lo sviluppo dell'idrovia danubiana nel contesto di un asse di trasporto primario europeo richiede una stretta collaborazione tra tutti gli organismi e le imprese interessate. Il summit del Danubio fornirà un'eccellente opportunità per elaborare strategie ed iniziative comuni".

Tuttavia, è chiaro che una grande massa d'acqua scorrerà sotto i ponti prima che questo lodevole obiettivo possa essere conseguito.
(da: CargoSystems, settembre 2004)




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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
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Nola
Among the founders of Italo, the first private Italian operator on the high-speed rail network
The new two-masted ro-ro ship Neoliner Origin will arrive in Livorno tomorrow.
Vado Ligure
It has a capacity of 1,200 linear meters of rolling stock
The refinancing of the Setramar group's capital structure has been completed.
Ravenna
Merli: a crucial step in our growth journey
Liguori's term as head of the Trieste Port Authority has been extended.
Rome
Confirmed in the role of extraordinary commissioner of the institution
Agreement to complete electrification work on the docks at the port of Gioia Tauro
Gioia Tauro
The 70 million euro investment to complete the project has been confirmed.
A Maersk delegation at the Grendi Group's container terminal in Cagliari's Porto Canale.
Milan
At the centre of the debate is the development of traffic towards North Africa
Geodis appoints Maurizio Bortolan as CEO for Italy
Milan
It will coordinate the three business lines Contract Logistics, Freight Forwarding and Road Transport
Port of Livorno: Protests over Gaza must not block operations.
Livorno
The members of the Partnership Body highlighted the need for it to be accessible to all vessels
GNV, agreement with Sicilian terminal operator Portitalia is positive.
Genoa
The company specified that the aim was exclusively to temporarily supplement the tariffs.
Two days of work with ESPO in Rome on the Mediterranean and European ports
Rome
Meetings organized by Assoporti
In 2024, 112 million counterfeit items were seized in the European Union.
Brussels
Record estimated value of 3.8 billion euros
Strikes and protests in ports, request for information from the Guarantor
Rome
Request for information from prefects, port authorities, and port authorities
Danaos Corporation has ordered two 7,165 TEU containerships from Dalian Shanhaiguan.
Athens
They will be taken into delivery in the third quarter of 2027
In the second quarter, freight traffic on the Austrian rail network fell by -1.4%.
Vienna
Only domestic traffic is growing
ALS (FBH Group) has acquired 80% of Trans World Shipping and Moda Express of USA.
Rozzano
The two companies have 500 employees and are active in Italy, France, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Circle's revenue increased by 62.1% in the first half of 2025
Milan
Net profit of over 1.0 million euros (+1.8%)
A Ukrainian delegation hosted by the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea Port Authority
Livorno
Cooperation in the field of training and safety at work in ports
The EIB is financing Phase A of Genoa's new breakwater with €300 million.
Luxembourg
The total investment is 937 million euros
This summer, GNV ships carried 1.7 million passengers (+9%)
Valencia
In the next few days the company will take delivery of "GNV Virgo", the first LNG-powered vessel
The project for the expansion, safety improvements, and extraordinary maintenance of the port of Pozzallo has been presented.
Pozzallo
It provides for the construction of the breakwater arm
Fincantieri delivers the new Star Princess cruise ship to Princess Cruises
Monfalcone
It has a gross tonnage of 177,800 tons and a capacity of 4,300 passengers.
A seminar on the new law on interports will be held in Milan on October 2nd.
Milan
It is organized by the Chamber of Commerce of Padua
Filt Cgil calls on port administrators and businesses to join the action against the Palestinian massacre.
Rome
This burden – the union highlighted – cannot be placed solely on the shoulders of dock workers.
The agreement between the Italian Merchant Marine Academy Foundation and the NATO Center in La Spezia has been renewed.
Genoa
The collaboration signed in 2023 has been confirmed
Fischer & Rechsteiner and Gimax International acquire BCUBE's Freight Forwarding business.
Genoa
The completion of the transaction is expected in the next few days
Fermerci outlines a dramatic scenario for the European rail freight transport sector
Rome
Rizzi: There is a real risk of a shift towards exclusively road transport.
Sogedim opens a new branch in Modena
Mesero
Initially, the activity will be dedicated exclusively to UK export traffic and will then extend to other European markets.
Eni completes the sale of a 30% stake in the Baleine project in Ivory Coast to Vitol.
San Donato Milanese
The field was discovered in 2021 and production started in 2023
The new PCTC Grande Svezia has joined the Grimaldi Group's fleet.
Naples
It has a maximum capacity of 9,000 ceu
The Cagliari City Council approves its opinion on the Sardinian Ports Development Plan.
Cagliari
Green light unanimously
The railway sector contributes 1.4% of the European Union's GDP.
Brussels
Study commissioned by CER
In the port of Naples, the Coast Guard has detained the bulk carrier Tanais Dream.
Naples
Serious irregularities found on board
Agreement to accelerate the implementation of robotics in Fincantieri's production processes
Trieste
It was signed with the Friulian Idea Prototipi
Sergio Liardo is the new general commander of the Port Authority Corps - Coast Guard
Rome
He takes over from Admiral Nicola Carlone
DBA to supply new Terminal Operating System for Georgia's Batumi Port
Villorba
The project includes all phases of development, testing and operational testing
Attack on a ship in the Gulf of Aden
Portsmouth
The captain reported hearing an impact in the water and an explosion
Danilo Ricci has been appointed managing director of Tarros Line.
La Spezia
He has held various positions in Italy and abroad within the group
Permanent discussion table between Confindustria Nautica and Federagenti
Genoa
This is provided for in an agreement signed today in Genoa
In the first half of 2025, cruise traffic in Italian ports grew by +6%
Venice
The twelfth edition of Italian Cruise Day will be held in Catania on October 24th.
SAL Heavy Lift buys two semi-submersible vessels from Pan Ocean
Hamburg
They were built in 2008 and 2012
30% of Sangritana Cargo will be acquired by the Marche-based company Transadriatico
The Eagle
The sale will be completed in the next few days
The eighth edition of "A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 6th.
Lugano
Forum on economic and logistical integration between Ligurian ports, the Northwest manufacturing area, and Switzerland
Assoporti will meet at RemTech EXPO 2025 to discuss the green transition in Italian ports.
Ferrara
The Smart Ports Award was awarded to three Port System Authorities
DEME orders new cable-laying vessel from Singapore-based PaxOcean
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It will be built in the Chinese shipyard of Zhoushan
The first shipment of Syrian oil in 14 years arrives at the port of Trieste.
London
Part of the cargo - S&P Global Commodity Insights reports - was unloaded at the Sardinian terminal of Sarroch
In August, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +20.3%
Taranto
The ferry "Drea" was also rejected by the Apulian port, where however it is temporarily stopped
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles remained stable in August.
Los Angeles
Volumes expected to decline in the remainder of 2025
Meeting between the port authorities of Jacksonville and Livorno
Livorno
Among the objectives, to start one or more direct services between the two ports
Italian State Railways and ENAC sign an agreement for the use of drones in infrastructure monitoring.
Rome
They will also be used to fly over sections of the railway and road network that would otherwise be difficult to monitor.
A.SPE.DO, the port of La Spezia is essential to ensuring employment, development, and a future for the local economy.
La Spezia
Landolfi: We cannot afford to underestimate its value.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
A seminar on the new law on interports will be held in Milan on October 2nd.
Milan
It is organized by the Chamber of Commerce of Padua
The eighth edition of "A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 6th.
Lugano
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
We'II Rebuild Apapa, Tin-Can Ports In 48 Months - Dantsoho
(Leadership)
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The MIT meets with the heads of the Italian AdSPs
Rome
Meeting on the government's strategic vision for the sector and port reform
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean Co. to build seven 15,880 TEU container ships
Keelung
They will be delivered between 2028 and 2029
Over 40 expressions of interest have been received for the development of the Ukrainian port of Chornomorsk.
Kiev
Today the first meeting of the tender commission
The first commercial ship is expected at the public dock in Largo Trattaroli in Ravenna.
Ravenna
The car carrier "AICC Huanghu" is coming soon
Assiterminal's Terminal Road Show is starting
Genoa
Cognolato: We want to strengthen our ties with local communities and territories.
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach decreased by 1.3% last month.
Long Beach
Empty containers are increasing. Full containers are decreasing.
Assoporti, the Italian ports' cruise offerings presented at the Seatrade Europe fair.
Hamburg
Giampieri: We are leaders in the Mediterranean area and in Europe
Commander Claudio Tomei, USCLAC president from 2012 to 2024, has passed away.
Viareggio
His strong commitment to improving the working conditions of Italian seafarers
In the first quarter of 2025, cargo traffic in Greek ports grew by +1.4%
Piraeus
Passengers down by -1.1%
HD Hyundai Samho Orders Four New Container Ships
Seoul
Order worth approximately 468 million dollars
Trieste: Fraudulent bankruptcy in the shipbuilding sector
Trieste
Investigation into a company based in Palermo
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by 7.4% in August.
Hong Kong
In the first eight months of 2025 the decline was -3.8%
Container traffic at the port of Singapore continued to decline in August
Singapore
Total volume of goods increased by +1.1%
BigLift Shipping and CY Shipping order two additional heavy lift vessels
Amsterdam
Order placed at Chinese shipyard Jing Jiang Nanyang Shipbuilding Co.
The Charthage ferry was placed under administrative detention in the port of Genoa
Genoa
A Coast Guard inspection found numerous deficiencies
Disney Cruise Line's largest ship's debut delayed by three months
Lake Buena Vista
Construction delays force the maiden voyage to be postponed until March 10th.
Shell to supply liquefied biomethane to Hapag-Lloyd containerships
Hamburg
Agreement effective immediately
Andrea Zoratti has been appointed general manager of Hub Telematica
Genoa
The company is controlled by Assagenti and Spediporto
Jotun and Messina sign agreement to improve the environmental and commercial performance of ships.
Genoa
The "Jolly Rosa" vessel will use the Hull Skating Solutions solution
PSA Genova Pra' announces the hiring of 25 people dedicated to container handling.
Genoa
Ferrari: International markets have changed profoundly
CMA CGM will not apply surcharges for new US taxes on Chinese vessels and Chinese services
Marseille
The rates announced by the USTR in April will apply from October 14th.
South Korean HJ Shipbuilding wins orders for four 8,850 TEU containerships
Busan
Orders with a total value of approximately 461 million dollars
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