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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 5/2008 - MAY 2008

Trasporto ferroviario

Non decolla in Germania il passaggio dalla strada alla rotaia

Anche se il mercato ferroviario continua a crescere ed i politici continuano a supportare le iniziative finalizzate ad incrementare il trasporto merci per ferrovia, è ormai chiaro che il dirottamento modale a favore del quale spinge la Commissione Europea non si è ancora materializzato.

Sebbene la Germania abbia trasportato 361 milioni di tonnellate di merci per ferrovia nel 2007, con un incremento del 4,3% rispetto al 2006, la strada ancora detiene circa i due/terzi della quota di mercato e le previsioni indicano che tale situazione non cambierà nel breve periodo.

Infatti, i volumi stradali sono avviati ad incrementarsi sino al 40% entro il 2020, il che significa un potenziale incubo per il settore del trasporto merci.

Lo scorso anno, il governo federale tedesco ha pubblicato uno studio che prevede un incremento del 50% dei traffici merci complessivi da 3,7 miliardi di tonnellate a circa 5,5 miliardi di tonnellate entro il 2050.

Sebbene si tratti di una nuvola nera ancora lontana, esistono ancora timori che gli attuali progetti di espansione non bastino a soddisfare la domanda attesa.

La Germania viene considerata come l'avanguardia dello sviluppo logistico, ma è stata ostacolata da un sistema di pianificazione lento e dalla semi-autonomia degli Stati che lo controllano.

Al momento della pubblicazione dello studio, circolavano voci secondo cui le porte d'accesso-chiave quali il porto di Amburgo e l'aeroporto di Francoforte erano già operative a piena capacità e si diceva che la rete ferroviaria raggiungeva il 130% della propria capacità nei periodi di punta.

La filiera organizzativa e la logistica contrattuale rappresentano circa il 75% del PIL del paese, mentre la Germania contribuisce con circa un quarto dei 585 miliardi di euro spesi in logistica in tutta l'Europa occidentale ogni anno.

Lo scorso anno, il ministro dei trasporti tedesco Wolfgang Tiefensee promise di intraprendere iniziative adeguate al fine di far fronte alla domanda mediante lo sviluppo delle esigenze infrastrutturali di trasporto del paese, desiderando altresì incoraggiare l'ulteriore uso dei porti fluviali e dei centri di trasbordo per alleviare la pressione sulle porte d'accesso marittime.

Non è un segreto che la rete ferroviaria tedesca stia operando al limite della capacità, ma c'è la diffusa convinzione che essa sia in grado di mettere in atto i necessari cambiamenti infrastrutturali al fine di fronteggiare la domanda in aumento.

La situazione è venuta alla luce lo scorso anno in particolare quando un piano della FedEx e della LaPoste finalizzato ad effettuare un servizio ferroviario ad alta velocità di consegna pacchetti mediante l'uso di treni intercity TGV (simile all'Eurocarex) in Germania si rivelò un fiasco quando si coprì che sulla rete non c'era proprio capacità utilizzabile.

La Francia spinge ancora per l'idea, dal momento che essa continua ad assistere al declino dei propri volumi di trasporto merci ferroviario tradizionale e che attualmente movimenta circa la metà dei volumi della Germania.

Sebbene vari progetti relativi alla costruzione ed all'ampliamento di strade quali il Logport 2 di Duisburg ed il porto Jade Weser siano ancora in corso in fasi di realizzazione diverse, le procedure di pianificazione della Germania sono notoriamente lente ed i futuri sviluppi potrebbero essere distanti molti anni dalla realizzazione.

La Commissione Europea e la BEI (Banca Europea degli Investimenti) hanno annunciato di avere in programma l'istituzione di un prestito garantito per i progetti relativi alla rete europea di trasporto.

Il nuovo programma punta a maggiori finanziamenti da parte del settore privato per i progetti di infrastrutture di trasporto in tutta l'Europa.

Tuttavia, non è chiaro a quali progetti esso si rivolgerà o come giustificherà le esigenze di un paese rispetto a quelle di un altro.

Il programma metterà sul piatto 1 miliardo di euro (mezzo erogato dalla Commissione, l'altro mezzo dalla BEI), mentre si spera che il resto dei 25 miliardi di euro dell'investimento di capitale complessivo possa venire dal settore privato.

Gli investimenti privati in Germania sono aumentati in modo straordinario lo scorso anno.

La Ernst & Young stima che i progetti di investimento privato in Germania siano aumentati del 57% nel corso del 2007 e che il paese sia il quarto in classifica a livello mondiale per quanto attiene gli investimenti, dietro la Cina, gli Stati Uniti e l'India.

La DB (Deutsche Bahn), società ferroviaria statale della Germania, sta attraversando al momento una specie di crisi di identità, a causa della riorganizzazione della propria oltremodo complicata struttura.

A gennaio, la DB ha separato i propri servizi passeggeri, merci ed intermodali.

La DB Schenker comprende sia il suo operatore di trasporto merci Railion che lo spedizioniere/fornitore di logistica Schenker, mentre la DB Intermodal ha rimpiazzato la DB Logistics e la DB Netze; la DB Bahn è invece la divisione passeggeri.

La differenza in termini reali di questo cambiamento non è ancora chiara, ma si è trattato senza dubbio di un altro passo necessario sull'aspro sentiero della privatizzazione.

Ci si aspetta che sino al 30% della società venga privatizzato in autunno mediante un'offerta pubblica privata.

Quest'ultima dovrebbe raccogliere circa 20 miliardi di euro.

Il gruppo DB aveva fatto scatenare le malelingue, al momento dell'annuncio della sua doppia acquisizione della EWS - il maggior operatore di trasporto merci ferroviario nel Regno Unito - e la Transfesa in Spagna.

La EWS, che adesso fa parte della DB Schenker, ha recentemente lanciato il primo dei suoi servizi via tunnel della Manica da Duisburg in Germania a Manchester in Inghilterra (usando la trazione della DB Intermodal) e sta svolgendo la propria parte nell'ambito della strategia di crescita complessiva del gruppo mediante l'annuncio di futuri servizi alla volta di Belgio, Germania, Italia, Francia, Spagna e Svizzera, con le regioni economiche chiave del Regno Unito delle Midlands, dell'Inghilterra nord-occidentale e della Scozia.

Tutti quanti entreranno in attività nel corso del 2008.

Al momento dell'acquisizione della EWS, l'elemento decisivo sembrava essere la sua consociata EuroCargo, che usufruiva di una licenza operativa francese, della quale da tempo la DB era in caccia.

Sebbene la DB Schenker abbia annunciato grandi piani transeuropei per la EWS, sembra che in realtà essi non conoscano limiti.

Il 25 gennaio, è arrivato un treno ad Amburgo dopo aver completato il viaggio di 10.000 km da Pechino.

Sebbene una rondine non faccia primavera, il test è stato portatore di fresche notizie circa il futuro della ferrovia ed il suo potenziale, che non è solo quello di fare il portatore d'acqua nel grande schema delle cose.

La DB ha inoltre ha le sue mire sui nuovi mercati dell'India e della Russia.

Essa infatti dispone già di un contratto con la Jindal Steel, sebbene recentemente abbia fatto marcia indietro ed abbia annunciato di posporre qualsiasi decisione definitiva fino a quando non fossero stati completati ulteriori studi di mercato al riguardo.

La Russia è un'altra area su cui la DB si è concentrata in passato e, sebbene si rifiuti di rilasciare commenti in merito, sembrerebbe pronta ad incrementare le proprie operazioni in loco della Railion, in linea con il miglioramento delle infrastrutture attualmente in corso.

Le Ferrovie Russe stanno investendo notevolmente nell'ammodernamento dell'arcaica infrastruttura ferroviaria del paese e ha messo sotto contratto la società produttrice di acciaio Mechel per la fornitura di 400.000 tonnellate di rotaie all'anno nel periodo di tempo compreso fra il 2010 ed il 2030.
(da: Cargo Systems, aprile 2008, pagg. 36-37)


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Le Aziende informano
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Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
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Nola
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››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
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(Reuters)
Le transport maritime national navigue à vue
(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
Roma, 27 ottobre 2023
››› File
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Kempten
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The Piraeus
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Genoa
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Padova
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Izmir
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New York
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Victoria
Corrigan : 'imperative that the extensive installation of OPS facilities is undertaken with urgency'
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Genoa
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DP World and Rumo will carry out a new grain and fertilizer terminal in the port of Santos
Curitiba / Dubai
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Singaporean ONE will restructure the feeder service between the Adriatic and Egypt
Singapore
You will include scals in Trieste and Piraeus
Over 700mila crucierists approved in 2023 at Spezia spent a total of 71.2 million euros.
The Spezia
68.3% of this sum for the purchase of organized tours
New rail services of Rail Cargo Group between Austria, Germany and Italy
Vienna
Increase in the frequency of departures on the Duisburg-Villach-Lubiana line
Five more ULCV banchina cranes for the Malaysian port of Tanjung Pelepas
Gelang Patah
They have been ordered to Chinese ZPMC
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
Autonomous driving systems ensure benefits to self-driving companies and drivers, ensure from China
Shanghai
Deshun Logistics tests the technologies of Inceptio Technology in commercial travel
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