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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 5/2008 - MAY 2008

Industria

Gru da banchina: difficile competere con i prezzi dei produttori cinesi

Malgrado i timori di un rallentamento a livello mondiale ed i segnali che dimostrano come i volumi containerizzati siano in calo presso i porti della costa occidentale statunitense, i produttori di gru da banchina per contenitori non si sono ancora accorti di un impatto al riguardo sui propri registri di ordinazione.

La maggior parte dei produttori di gru, così come pure i fornitori di spreader, riferiscono ordinazioni fino alla fine del prossimo anno.

Lars Fredin, vice presidente alle vendite presso il produttore svedese di spreader Bromma, afferma: "Finora le ordinazioni sono state più o meno le stesse del 2007.

Ciò cui stiamo assistendo negli Stati Uniti è certamente un problema potenziale, ma noi stiamo ricevendo un numero di richieste di quotazioni simile a quello degli anni precedenti.

Tuttavia, non ravvisiamo tutti quei mega-progetti che hanno incoraggiato le ordinazioni gli anni scorsi".

Fredin ha inoltre aggiunto che la tecnologia dei paranchi abbinati sta guadagnando terreno.

"La SIPG (Shanghai International Port Group) ha collaudato gru a paranchi abbinati presso la propria infrastruttura di Yangshan e, sebbene la tecnologia non sia stata ancora del tutto comprovata, non si tratta certamente di un fenomeno passeggero" dichiara.

Fonti di mercato suggeriscono che al momento vi sono da 70 a 80 gru a paranco abbinato sotto ordinazione, tutte quante costruite dalla ZPMC, anche se gran parte degli altri produttori stanno offrendo soluzioni di questo tipo.

Il dirigente alle vendite europee di un produttore afferma: "In nessun modo qualcuno degli altri produttori è in grado di competere con la ZPMC sui prezzi.

Quest'ultima offre prezzi inferiori del 30%: quasi come se avessero deciso di volere il 100% del mercato del paranco abbinato e quindi volessero fare qualsiasi cosa pur di tener fuori dal mercato ogni altro produttore".

Anche se la strategia sui prezzi della ZPMC ha contribuito a farle raggiungere la sua quota di mercato dominante, unitamente all'ammissione generale che lo standard dei suoi prodotti è migliorato nel corso degli anni, il suo dominio ha cominciato a causare inquietudini tra alcuni dei suoi clienti.

Sembra che alcuni operatori terminalistici minori siano contenti di pagare di più una gru se poi questo significa un servizio migliore da parte del produttore.

"I porti minori europei vengono quasi ignorati quando ordinano un'unità alla ZPMC" continua la fonte del fornitore rivale.

"Essi fanno la gru, ma c'è davvero poco servizio nel frattempo.

E' comprensibile, dato che da un lato gli si presentano questi tipi che vogliono acquistare una o due unità, che normalmente sono di dimensioni solo panamax o non molto più grandi, e dall'altro arrivano quelli della PSA, della APM Terminals e della Hutchison che piazzano grosse ordinazioni di unità molto più grandi.

E' a questi ultimi che essi dedicano la maggior parte del loro tempo".

Tuttavia, le richieste degli operatori globali sono tali che la ZPMC è la sola società che possa rifornirli.

Chi altri sarebbe in grado di sottoscrivere un accordo dalle caratteristiche simili a quelle del contratto stipulato recentemente dal produttore cinese e dalla APM Terminals?

"Gli operatori terminalistici si sono creati da soli il loro mostro.

Essi si lamentano che non c'è abbastanza concorrenza nella fornitura di gru, ma nessun altro è in grado di soddisfare le loro richieste".

La ragione principale di tale situazione è ovviamente di natura economica, dal momento che la documentazione e le procedure d'appalto degli operatori vengono sempre più supervisionate da contabili accentrati presso gli uffici della sede, assistiti da consulenti esterni ingaggianti di volta in volta a seconda delle esigenze progettuali, in luogo di tecnici che lavorano presso gli specifici terminal medesimi.

Ai sensi del suddetto accordo, il risultato finanziario costituisce la priorità e, di conseguenza, i dipartimenti tecnici dei terminal sono divenuti più esigui: non è una coincidenza il fatto che i produttori di equipaggiamento abbiano scoperto che il servizio è una delle aree di attività dalla crescita più rapida, dato che la manutenzione è stata affidata all'esterno dai terminal.

Ciò può comportare problemi.

Al nuovo terminal Euromax della ECT, che dovrebbe diventare operativo a breve, la ZPMC ha fornito le gru, mentre la Kalmar assicura la manutenzione.

Si è saputo che la Kalmar non ha ancora dato corso alla propria parte del contratto perché le gru consegnate dalla ZPMC non presentano il marchio della Comunità Europea.

Un'altra questione che sempre più gli operatori terminalistici si trovano a dover affrontare consiste nel fatto che il numero in diminuzione dei fornitori significa meno offerte per gli appalti.

Ai sensi di molte regolamentazioni degli appalti, c'è bisogno di almeno tre offerenti perché la gara di appalto possa essere considerata valida.

Di recente, si è verificato almeno un caso in cui solo la ZPMC ha fatto offerte per un contratto, mentre i suoi concorrenti non lo hanno voluto fare nel convincimento di non avere alcuna possibilità di vittoria.

La presentazione di un'offerta per un contratto non è una procedura a buon mercato.

Occorrono soldi per acquisire la documentazione, e mettere assieme un'offerta richiede molte ore-uomo.

Un mucchio di affermati produttori si sta concentrando sempre più su aree di attività più periferiche, dove si possano ancora realizzare buoni profitti.

Ciò sta portando quasi ad un monopolio nel settore della fornitura di gru dalle più elevate capacità di movimentazione.
(da: Cargo Systems, aprile 2008, pag. 49)


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Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
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ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
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››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
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(Reuters)
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(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
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››› File
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Gelang Patah
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On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
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Deshun Logistics tests the technologies of Inceptio Technology in commercial travel
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