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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 6/2008 - JUNE 2008

Safery & security

Portacontainer sotto esame

L'anno scorso, nel giro di un solo mese, due portacontenitori, entrambe battenti la stessa bandiera ed entrambe più o meno nella stessa parte del mondo, hanno dovuto sottostare a problemi in mare.

Una è sopravvissuta, l'altra no, ma entrambe sono state adesso assoggettate a relazioni ufficiali, il combinato effetto delle quali potrebbe comportare notevoli cambiamenti nella pianificazione e nelle procedure di carico di tali navi in futuro, nonché alla fonritura di informazioni sul carico.

L'incidente che ha coinvolto la Annabella ha avuto luogo nel Baltico a febbraio 2007 e ha comportato la perdita di stabilità ed il crollo di una pila di container.

La bandiera era quella del Regno Unito e questo ha indotto l'agenzie incaricata delle indagini, la MAIB (Marine Accident Investigation Branch), ad affermare nella propria relazione lo scorso settembre che esistesse la stringente necessità di un codice di comportamento del settore per le attività di trasporto contenitori.

Ciò si fondava sulla conclusione, in base a quella e ad altre indagini condotte in precedenza, che la realtà della sicurezza di navi, equipaggi ed ambiente era compromessa dal preponderante desiderio di conservare la regolamentazione radicata ovvero di ottimizzare i tempi di lavorazione portuale.

L'indagine sulla MSC Napoli, per necessità, ha richiesto molto più tempo e la conseguente relazione "Rapporto sulle indagini inerenti all'avaria strutturale della MSC Napoli nel Canale della Manica il 18 febbraio 2007" è stata pubblicata solamente il 22 aprile di quest'anno.

La nave era in transito da Anversa al Portogallo nel suo cammino alla volta del Sudfarica, allorqusndo si trovò a sperimentare un'emergenza in mare che risultò nel suo spiaggiamento volontario.

Questo accadde un mese prima dell'incidente della Annabella e fu molto più drammatico.

La nave dovette subire una catastrofica avaria dello scafo nel corso del transito del Canale della Manica.

Ciò comportò l'abbandono della nave da parte dell'equipaggio, che fortunatamente, malgrado il mare grosso, venne tutto tratto in salvo.

A causa della considerevole possibilità di inquinamento diffuso, la nave dovette essere spiaggiata sulla costa meridionale dell'Inghilterra ed alla fine venne rottamata.

Tuttavia, fatta eccezione per alcuni relativamente pochi contenitori caduti fuoribordo nel corso delle operazioni di spiaggiamento, la maggior parte del carico era ancora intatto e le operazioni di salvataggio hanno comportato la rimozione di ogni singolo contenitore.

Ciò ha consentito il controllo del loro peso e la constatazione della loro posizione in relazione al peso ed alla posizione indicati nel manifesto di carico.

Si è trattato di un'operazione davvero minuziosa che ha comportato la rimozione di ciascun contenitore mediante una chiatta dotata di gru per spostare i container su un'imbarcazione che potesse trasportarli nelle più vicine infrastrutture portuali in cui potessero essere esaminati.

Ciò ha permesso la realizzazione di un quadro chiaro sul carico delle merci e sulla loro posizione dentro la nave.

La relazione, necessariamente, si concentra sulle ragioni dell'avaria allo scafo e su cosa si possa fare per prevenire eventi simili.

Nella relazione si fa notare come la sola altra avaria registrata sullo scafo di una portacontainer sia stata quella della MSC Carla nel 1997 quando, grazie alla sezione di poppa che rimase a galla, fu possibile stabilire che l'incidente era stato causato al guasto di una saldatura con una nuova sezione dello scafo che era stata inserita successivamente alla costruzione.

Anche se la MSC Napoli non era stata assoggettata a tale procedimento, si è scoperto che la causa fondamentale dell'incidente poteva essere ricondotta alla progettazione; ciò aveva comportato la revisione di centinaia di altre portacontenitori e l'adozione di rimedi in un certo numero di casi, oltre all'osservanza, nel contempo, di procedure operative riviste.

Questa accuratissima indagine, tuttavia, mostra che - nella maggior parte dei casi - c'è stato un certo numero di fattori che hanno contribuito alla sua avaria, uno dei quali si poteva ricollegare al carico trasportato.

Alcuni elementi riscontrati nell'ambito dell'indagine hanno portato ad una ulteriore conferma delle conclusioni della relazione sulla Annabella ed al rafforzamento della richiesta di un nuovo codice comportamentale da parte della MAIB.

La raccomandazione, che viene ripetuta nell'ultimo rapporto, consiste nel suggerimento secondo cui la ICS (International Chamber of Shipping) dovrebbe collaborare con gli operatori del settore al fine di sviluppare e promuovere l'adesione ad un migliore codice delle procedure di sicurezza per far sì che:

  • esistano effettive comunicazioni e procedure fra tutte le parti coinvolte nella programmazione e nella consegna di contenitori per assicurare che il personale delle navi abbia le risorse e l'opportunità di supervisionare in sicurezza il carico e la fissazione dei carichi;
  • i manuali di fissazione del carico siano esaustivi e redattti in una forma che assicuri un accesso facile ed immediato a tutti le pertinenti informazioni di carico e fissaggio;
  • i programmi computerizzati inerenti al carico comprendano tutte quante le specifiche sul fissaggio dei carichi su una nave; tali computer dovrebbero essere approvati adeguatamente al fine di far sì che gli ufficiali possano fare completo affidamento sulle informazioni fornite;
  • la disponibilità o meno di un computer relativo al carico affidabile ed approvato sia un fattore da includere nel processo decisionale inerente all'appropriato livello di reclutamento del personale per le navi con programmi di viaggio intensivi;
  • il risultante incremento delle forze di accelerazione e la conseguente riduzione dei pesi di impilaggio consentiti quando l'altezza metacentrica della nave viene aumentata oltre il valore segnalato nel manuale di fissaggio del carico sia chiaramente compreso dagli ufficiali della nave; il conseguente effetto sul peso, l'altezza ed il fissaggio delle pile di contenitori per le modifiche apportate all'altezza metacentrica della nave dovrebbe essere reso prontamente disponibile e spiegato con chiarezza al personale della nave;
  • coloro che sono impegnati nelle operazioni containerizzate siano consapevoli che i contenitori con pesi di impilaggio consentiti al di sotto degli standard ISO sono regolarmente utilizzati e devono essere identificati con chiarezza nelle fasi sia di pianificazione che di carico allo scopo di evitare la possibilità che quei container si scontrino;
  • riguardo alle operazioni con i carichi:

    • che i pianificatori del carico abbiano un'appropriata esperienza marittima o siano stati addestrati per far sì che le considerazioni inerenti alla sicurezza della nave siano completamente riconosciute;

    • che il software per la pianificazione del carico fornito sia in grado di riconoscere le conseguenze dei dati variabili (ad esempio l'altezza metacentrica e le specifiche dei contenitori non standard) per poter avvertire di conseguenza i pianificatori;

    • che le lezioni apprese dai problemi individuati nel corso delle operazioni di pianificazione dei contenitori vengano formalmente riviste e che vengano poste in atto appropriate misure di correzione;

    • che al personale delle navi venga dato tempo sufficiente per verificare/approvare i programmi di carico proposti.

Il rapporto nota che lo sviluppo del codice è in corso e che ci si aspetta che esso venga completato per la fine del 2008, dopo di che sarà presentato all'IMO perché venga adottato.

L'ultimo rapporto, tuttavia, aggiunge un'ulteriore dimensione.

La verifica dei contenitori rimasti sulla nave ha riguardato anche il controllo del peso di ciascun box.

La maggior parte di quelli nelle stive sono stati sommersi ed inzuppati, aumentando così notevolmente il peso ed impendendo qualsiasi tentativo di confronto.

Tuttavia, i pesi di tutti i contenitori rimasti asciutti nelle stive e di quelli sul ponte sono stati confrontati con quelli dichiarati alla compagnia di navigazione dall''imballatore o dal caricatore.

Si è scoperto che il peso di 137 (20%) di questi box era superiore sino a tre tonnellate rispetto al loro peso dichiarato.

La singola maggiore differenza era di 20 tonnellate, mentre il peso complessivo dei 137 container era di 312 tonnellate in più rispetto a quello riportato sul manifesto di carico.

Il rapporto sottolinea come questa difformità sia diffusa nell'ambito del trasporto marittimo di contenitori e sia dovuta agli imballatori ed ai caricatori che non hanno le infrastrutture per pesare i contenitori presso i propri locali.

E' stato altresì sottolineato come le dichiarazioni errate volontarie avvengano per varie ragioni.

La conseguenza, tuttavia, è che alla luce del fatto che le portacontainer invariabilmente salpano in condizioni assai prossime al limite massimo permesso, il peso aggiuntivo non dichiarato potenzialmente induce le navi a superare quel massimo.

Il trasporto marittimo di contenitori è il solo settore industriale in cui il peso di un carico non è conosciuto e, se lo sforzo che agisce sulle portacontainer dev'essere accuratamente controllato, è essenziale che i contenitori siano pesati prima di essere caricati sulle navi.

Per sottolineare meglio questo argomento, la MAIB ha aggiunto tale aspetto alla lista suggerita degli argomenti che dovrebbero essere previsti dal codice relativo alle procedure.

La nave in questione era stata caricata in Europa occidentale ed il rapporto fa notare come in questa regione non sia richiesto che i contenitori vengano pesati in un porto prima di essere caricati su una nave.

A questo si potrebbe aggiungere che, anche se gran parte dell'equipaggiamento per la movimentazione di contenitori è in grado di far fronte a sovrappesi di tre tonnellate, non è però immune rispetto agli effetti di 20 tonnellate o più, e che vi possono essere conseguenze anche in relazione alla movimentazione sicura al largo.

Un'altra questione citata concerneva la posizione dei contenitori sulla nave.

La posizione di tutti i container sul ponte rimasti a bordo - vale a dire la maggior parte - è stata confrontata con la posizione immessa nel computer di carico per determinare le condizioni di stabilità.

Essa avrebbe dovuto essere equivalente alle posizioni registrate dall'operatore terminalistico.

Di queste unità, il 7% erano in una posizione sbagliata oppure erano dichiarate erroneamente quanto al contenitore; il rapporto nota come, generalmente, nell'ambito del settore containerizzato si concorda sul fatto che sino al 10% dei box caricati su una nave potrebbero non essere nella loro posizione programmata.

Anche se molte delle raccomandazioni contenute nell'ultimo rapporto riguardavano la progettazione e le operazioni delle portacontainer, i due rapporti sono strettamente collegati per quanto attiene la necessità di un codice settoriale delle procedure e si può prevedere che alcuni cambiamenti potranno derivarne nel prossimo futuro.
(da: Cargo Systems, maggio 2008, pagg. 58-59)


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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
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The 2026 Italian Port Days program will begin soon.
Rome
The theme is "Italy, Gateway to the Mediterranean: Dialogues between Landings and Cities"
Port of La Spezia: First test for hydrogen refueling from dockside mobile vehicle to vessel
La Spezia
Bunkering trials at the Baglietto shipyard
NYK consolidates its operations in the dry bulk maritime transport segment
Tokyo
Group leaders appointed in eight European countries
Last year, freight traffic in Tunisian ports decreased by -5.2%
La Goulette
In the fourth quarter alone the decline was -8.5%
The Guardia di Finanza will use new drones to monitor the Gioia Tauro port area.
Gioia Tauro
The ports of Genoa and Savona-Vado will implement new PCS usage rights management procedures starting tomorrow.
Genoa
The measure does not introduce new charges
Nearly 400 kg of pure cocaine seized in the port of Gioia Tauro
Reggio Calabria
Three distinct operations performed within a week
Confitarma, with the Energy Decree, now is the time to allocate resources to maritime transport.
Rome
Baleària will have its own ferry terminal in the port of Barcelona
Barcelona
It will become operational in a year. Investment of €25.3 million.
In 2025, freight volumes transported by DB Cargo decreased by -8.1%
Berlin
Revenues fell by -8.0%
ONE has acquired 30% of Hutchison Laemchabang Terminal
Singapore
The company operates Terminals D, C1 & C2 and A3 of Laem Chabang Port
A Filt Cgil meeting on port work will be held tomorrow in Genoa.
Rome
It will be held at 10 am in the Port Call Room
Last month the port of Singapore handled 3.4 million containers (+3.2%)
Singapore/Hong Kong
Container traffic in Hong Kong fell by -8.0%
ALIS, the use of ETS revenues to encourage intermodality is a good idea.
Rome
Di Caterina: We hope for a significant increase in the financial resources for the Sea Modal Shift and Ferrobonus instruments starting next year.
CIMC's container sales fell by -31.9% last year.
Hong Kong
Revenues in the container segment fell by -30.9%
Pros and cons of hydrogen applications for decarbonization of the maritime and port sector
Genoa
It was discussed at the Propeller Club - Port of Genoa
In the third quarter of 2025, cargo traffic in Greek ports decreased by -3.6%.
Piraeus
Passengers increased by +1.2%
Confitarma praises legislative initiative for the maritime sector
Rome
Regulatory simplification is a good thing, an essential element for strengthening the competitiveness of national armaments
Assarmatori welcomes the Senate's approval of the "Promoting Marine Resources" bill.
Rome
Messina: overcomes a limitation of the Navigation Code that allows only Italian and EU citizens to join Gente di Mare.
The port system of Venice and Chioggia generates a production value of approximately 15 billion euros
Venice
Direct employees are 26,898 and, including related industries, they rise to 218,853
Green light for aid to reopen the Orbassano-Aiton Alpine Railway Highway.
Brussels
The European Commission authorizes subsidizing the service
Fit Cisl Savona, alarm raised over the potential impact on jobs of the drop in traffic at Vado Gateway.
Savona
The Gioia Tauro Port Authority Management Committee approved the reimbursement of mooring fees.
Gioia Tauro
1.5 million euros allocated
The Management Committee of the Port Authority of Genoa and Savona-Vado has taken note of the framework agreement with PSA
Genoa
The update of the Integrated Activity and Organization Plan has been approved.
Prologis and Singapore's GIC to form joint venture to invest $1.6 billion in new fulfillment centers in the U.S.
San Francisco/Singapore
The initial portfolio is approximately 380 thousand square meters
Hanwha Ocean and ONEX Sign Naval Shipbuilding Agreement
Seoul/Eleusis
The first project in sight is submarines for the Greek Navy
The Antitrust Authority has not opened an investigation into CEVA Logistics' acquisition of the Fagioli group.
Rome
The AGCM believes that the operation will not impede competition or create a dominant position
Singapore's ONE acquires stake in Dongwon Pusan Container Terminal
Singapore
The company operates at the Gammam and Singamman docks of the Port of Busan
EIB finances shore power installation in Rotterdam port
Rotterdam
A loan of 90 million euros has been granted
High-tech exoskeletons to ease the burden on dockworkers in the Port of Livorno.
Livorno
Experiment in collaboration with the Livorno Port Company
Salvatore Lauro, a shipowner from Campania, died yesterday in Ischia.
Naples
He was a senator of the Republic from 1996 to 2005
APM Terminals acquires 49% stake in Vietnam's Hateco Hai Phong International Container Terminal
The Hague/Hanoi
Third phase of construction of Mexico's Lázaro Cárdenas terminal begins
FedEx revenues increased by 8.3% in the December-February quarter
Memphis
Quarterly net income was $1.06 billion (+16.2%)
London pledges £746 million to renovate Nigeria's two ports, Apapa and Tin Can Island, in Lagos.
London
Agreement between UK Export Finance and the Nigerian Ports Authority
Fabrizio Urbani is the new secretary general of the Port Authority of the Central-Northern Tyrrhenian Sea.
Civitavecchia
Unanimous resolution of the Management Committee
In the fourth quarter of 2025, French ports handled 74.2 million tonnes of goods (+7.2%)
La Defense
UNI/Fermerci reference practices on staff training presented at MIT
Rome
The Council of State has rejected the relocation of Genoa's chemical warehouses.
Rome/Genoa
The AdSP declares itself ready for a technical discussion within the framework of a specific initiative by the municipal administration
FS Logistix and Nurminen Logistics inaugurate a new weekly rail service between Sweden and Italy
Rome
2,500 kilometer route
Hapag-Lloyd signs maritime cooperation agreement with Indian government
Hamburg
Plans to bring ships under the Indian flag and collaborate in the development of ship recycling and Vadhavan port
A project for the digital transformation and technological development of the port of Gioia Tauro has been funded.
Gioia Tauro
Resources worth almost two million euros for the Port Authority of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas
Keel-laying and coin-laying ceremony for a new ferry under construction for ACTV
Piombino
It took place in the Piombino Industrie Marittime shipyard
Touax Container Services increased container sales by 36% in 2025
Paris
Revenues decreased by -5% in the year
In 2024, international seaborne freight traffic reached a record 24.1 billion tonnes
Geneva
New historic peak in dry cargo
Medlog (MSC Group) will acquire the remaining 29% of MVN from Logistics Project Italia
Rome
The operation has been notified to the Antitrust Authority
Greek group Attica Holdings continues its fleet renewal plan
Athens
Purchase of two catamarans for €15 million. Long-term lease of the "GNV Bridge" ferry.
Germany's Arvato has acquired Canada's THINK Logistics
Mississauga/Gütersloh
The company, founded in 2012, is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario.
Banco BPM's €55 million financing to Grimaldi Euromed
Naples/Milan
Partially covers the purchase of the new ship "Grande Inghilterra"
Two new state-of-the-art ship-to-shore cranes have arrived at the PSA SECH terminal.
Genoa
They will be operational from June
Stolt-Nielsen sells 50% of Avenir LNG to NYK Line
Oslo/Tokyo
The company operates in the liquefied natural gas bunkering sector
Only 7% of the workers in the port companies and terminals of La Spezia and Marina di Carrara are women
La Spezia
Costa cancels cruises originally scheduled to sail to the Middle East
Genoa
The company currently has no vessels operating in the region.
In 2025, d'Amico International Shipping's time charter revenues decreased by -29.0%.
Luxembourg
Fourth quarter decline eases
NYK to become sole owner of Norway's Saga Welco
Tokyo/Tønsberg
The Tønsberg company has a fleet of 48 open-hatch vessels
Grimaldi Group's Valencia Terminal Europa will manage the new car terminal at the port of Sagunto.
Valencia
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Seoul
Naples
It is the ninth ammonia-ready unit of the Neapolitan shipping group
The Cagliari-Algeria service operated by Maersk and Grendi will soon dock at the Giammoro di Milazzo pier.
Messina
It will be held on a weekly basis
Falteri (Federlogistica): The consequences of the war in Iran are only in their infancy.
Genoa
There is a dramatic congestion of perishable products in the hub airports of the Gulf, he underlined.
DP World reported record annual operating and financial results
Dubai
In 2025, container traffic increased by +5.8% and revenues by +22.0%
Two additional new Medium Range 2 tankers for d'Amico Tankers
Luxembourg
Exercised options with Chinese shipyard Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding Co.
Japan's MOL has acquired 25% of V.Ships France
Tokyo/London
The remaining 75% of the capital remains with V.Ships
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
A forum on the economy, ports, and investments between Italy and North Africa will be held in La Spezia.
La Spezia
Scheduled for April 9th and 10th at the headquarters of the Port Authority of the Eastern Ligurian Sea
A Filt Cgil meeting on port work will be held tomorrow in Genoa.
Rome
It will be held at 10 am in the Port Call Room
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Shipbuilding's Spring Illusion: Backbone Collapses
(The Chosun Daily)
Russian shipbuilding holding USC designing high ice-class container ship for Rosatom for Northern Sea Route
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
ICTSI reports record annual and quarterly financial and operating performance
Manila
Last year the group's port terminals handled 14.5 million containers (+11.0%)
Wan Hai Lines' revenue decreased by 13.3% in 2025
Taipei
The company will buy four new 6,000 TEU container ships and two 9,200 TEU container ships.
Observatory on the presence of women in the blue economy sector
Milan
Initiative by WISTA Italy and the Maritime Federation
The first train will depart from the Pordenone Interport on April 2nd.
Pordenone
Ausserdorfer (InRail): We have already received new requests and contracts to increase connections
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