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22 November 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 6/2008 - JUNE 2008

Safery & security

Portacontainer sotto esame

L'anno scorso, nel giro di un solo mese, due portacontenitori, entrambe battenti la stessa bandiera ed entrambe più o meno nella stessa parte del mondo, hanno dovuto sottostare a problemi in mare.

Una è sopravvissuta, l'altra no, ma entrambe sono state adesso assoggettate a relazioni ufficiali, il combinato effetto delle quali potrebbe comportare notevoli cambiamenti nella pianificazione e nelle procedure di carico di tali navi in futuro, nonché alla fonritura di informazioni sul carico.

L'incidente che ha coinvolto la Annabella ha avuto luogo nel Baltico a febbraio 2007 e ha comportato la perdita di stabilità ed il crollo di una pila di container.

La bandiera era quella del Regno Unito e questo ha indotto l'agenzie incaricata delle indagini, la MAIB (Marine Accident Investigation Branch), ad affermare nella propria relazione lo scorso settembre che esistesse la stringente necessità di un codice di comportamento del settore per le attività di trasporto contenitori.

Ciò si fondava sulla conclusione, in base a quella e ad altre indagini condotte in precedenza, che la realtà della sicurezza di navi, equipaggi ed ambiente era compromessa dal preponderante desiderio di conservare la regolamentazione radicata ovvero di ottimizzare i tempi di lavorazione portuale.

L'indagine sulla MSC Napoli, per necessità, ha richiesto molto più tempo e la conseguente relazione "Rapporto sulle indagini inerenti all'avaria strutturale della MSC Napoli nel Canale della Manica il 18 febbraio 2007" è stata pubblicata solamente il 22 aprile di quest'anno.

La nave era in transito da Anversa al Portogallo nel suo cammino alla volta del Sudfarica, allorqusndo si trovò a sperimentare un'emergenza in mare che risultò nel suo spiaggiamento volontario.

Questo accadde un mese prima dell'incidente della Annabella e fu molto più drammatico.

La nave dovette subire una catastrofica avaria dello scafo nel corso del transito del Canale della Manica.

Ciò comportò l'abbandono della nave da parte dell'equipaggio, che fortunatamente, malgrado il mare grosso, venne tutto tratto in salvo.

A causa della considerevole possibilità di inquinamento diffuso, la nave dovette essere spiaggiata sulla costa meridionale dell'Inghilterra ed alla fine venne rottamata.

Tuttavia, fatta eccezione per alcuni relativamente pochi contenitori caduti fuoribordo nel corso delle operazioni di spiaggiamento, la maggior parte del carico era ancora intatto e le operazioni di salvataggio hanno comportato la rimozione di ogni singolo contenitore.

Ciò ha consentito il controllo del loro peso e la constatazione della loro posizione in relazione al peso ed alla posizione indicati nel manifesto di carico.

Si è trattato di un'operazione davvero minuziosa che ha comportato la rimozione di ciascun contenitore mediante una chiatta dotata di gru per spostare i container su un'imbarcazione che potesse trasportarli nelle più vicine infrastrutture portuali in cui potessero essere esaminati.

Ciò ha permesso la realizzazione di un quadro chiaro sul carico delle merci e sulla loro posizione dentro la nave.

La relazione, necessariamente, si concentra sulle ragioni dell'avaria allo scafo e su cosa si possa fare per prevenire eventi simili.

Nella relazione si fa notare come la sola altra avaria registrata sullo scafo di una portacontainer sia stata quella della MSC Carla nel 1997 quando, grazie alla sezione di poppa che rimase a galla, fu possibile stabilire che l'incidente era stato causato al guasto di una saldatura con una nuova sezione dello scafo che era stata inserita successivamente alla costruzione.

Anche se la MSC Napoli non era stata assoggettata a tale procedimento, si è scoperto che la causa fondamentale dell'incidente poteva essere ricondotta alla progettazione; ciò aveva comportato la revisione di centinaia di altre portacontenitori e l'adozione di rimedi in un certo numero di casi, oltre all'osservanza, nel contempo, di procedure operative riviste.

Questa accuratissima indagine, tuttavia, mostra che - nella maggior parte dei casi - c'è stato un certo numero di fattori che hanno contribuito alla sua avaria, uno dei quali si poteva ricollegare al carico trasportato.

Alcuni elementi riscontrati nell'ambito dell'indagine hanno portato ad una ulteriore conferma delle conclusioni della relazione sulla Annabella ed al rafforzamento della richiesta di un nuovo codice comportamentale da parte della MAIB.

La raccomandazione, che viene ripetuta nell'ultimo rapporto, consiste nel suggerimento secondo cui la ICS (International Chamber of Shipping) dovrebbe collaborare con gli operatori del settore al fine di sviluppare e promuovere l'adesione ad un migliore codice delle procedure di sicurezza per far sì che:

  • esistano effettive comunicazioni e procedure fra tutte le parti coinvolte nella programmazione e nella consegna di contenitori per assicurare che il personale delle navi abbia le risorse e l'opportunità di supervisionare in sicurezza il carico e la fissazione dei carichi;
  • i manuali di fissazione del carico siano esaustivi e redattti in una forma che assicuri un accesso facile ed immediato a tutti le pertinenti informazioni di carico e fissaggio;
  • i programmi computerizzati inerenti al carico comprendano tutte quante le specifiche sul fissaggio dei carichi su una nave; tali computer dovrebbero essere approvati adeguatamente al fine di far sì che gli ufficiali possano fare completo affidamento sulle informazioni fornite;
  • la disponibilità o meno di un computer relativo al carico affidabile ed approvato sia un fattore da includere nel processo decisionale inerente all'appropriato livello di reclutamento del personale per le navi con programmi di viaggio intensivi;
  • il risultante incremento delle forze di accelerazione e la conseguente riduzione dei pesi di impilaggio consentiti quando l'altezza metacentrica della nave viene aumentata oltre il valore segnalato nel manuale di fissaggio del carico sia chiaramente compreso dagli ufficiali della nave; il conseguente effetto sul peso, l'altezza ed il fissaggio delle pile di contenitori per le modifiche apportate all'altezza metacentrica della nave dovrebbe essere reso prontamente disponibile e spiegato con chiarezza al personale della nave;
  • coloro che sono impegnati nelle operazioni containerizzate siano consapevoli che i contenitori con pesi di impilaggio consentiti al di sotto degli standard ISO sono regolarmente utilizzati e devono essere identificati con chiarezza nelle fasi sia di pianificazione che di carico allo scopo di evitare la possibilità che quei container si scontrino;
  • riguardo alle operazioni con i carichi:

    • che i pianificatori del carico abbiano un'appropriata esperienza marittima o siano stati addestrati per far sì che le considerazioni inerenti alla sicurezza della nave siano completamente riconosciute;

    • che il software per la pianificazione del carico fornito sia in grado di riconoscere le conseguenze dei dati variabili (ad esempio l'altezza metacentrica e le specifiche dei contenitori non standard) per poter avvertire di conseguenza i pianificatori;

    • che le lezioni apprese dai problemi individuati nel corso delle operazioni di pianificazione dei contenitori vengano formalmente riviste e che vengano poste in atto appropriate misure di correzione;

    • che al personale delle navi venga dato tempo sufficiente per verificare/approvare i programmi di carico proposti.

Il rapporto nota che lo sviluppo del codice è in corso e che ci si aspetta che esso venga completato per la fine del 2008, dopo di che sarà presentato all'IMO perché venga adottato.

L'ultimo rapporto, tuttavia, aggiunge un'ulteriore dimensione.

La verifica dei contenitori rimasti sulla nave ha riguardato anche il controllo del peso di ciascun box.

La maggior parte di quelli nelle stive sono stati sommersi ed inzuppati, aumentando così notevolmente il peso ed impendendo qualsiasi tentativo di confronto.

Tuttavia, i pesi di tutti i contenitori rimasti asciutti nelle stive e di quelli sul ponte sono stati confrontati con quelli dichiarati alla compagnia di navigazione dall''imballatore o dal caricatore.

Si è scoperto che il peso di 137 (20%) di questi box era superiore sino a tre tonnellate rispetto al loro peso dichiarato.

La singola maggiore differenza era di 20 tonnellate, mentre il peso complessivo dei 137 container era di 312 tonnellate in più rispetto a quello riportato sul manifesto di carico.

Il rapporto sottolinea come questa difformità sia diffusa nell'ambito del trasporto marittimo di contenitori e sia dovuta agli imballatori ed ai caricatori che non hanno le infrastrutture per pesare i contenitori presso i propri locali.

E' stato altresì sottolineato come le dichiarazioni errate volontarie avvengano per varie ragioni.

La conseguenza, tuttavia, è che alla luce del fatto che le portacontainer invariabilmente salpano in condizioni assai prossime al limite massimo permesso, il peso aggiuntivo non dichiarato potenzialmente induce le navi a superare quel massimo.

Il trasporto marittimo di contenitori è il solo settore industriale in cui il peso di un carico non è conosciuto e, se lo sforzo che agisce sulle portacontainer dev'essere accuratamente controllato, è essenziale che i contenitori siano pesati prima di essere caricati sulle navi.

Per sottolineare meglio questo argomento, la MAIB ha aggiunto tale aspetto alla lista suggerita degli argomenti che dovrebbero essere previsti dal codice relativo alle procedure.

La nave in questione era stata caricata in Europa occidentale ed il rapporto fa notare come in questa regione non sia richiesto che i contenitori vengano pesati in un porto prima di essere caricati su una nave.

A questo si potrebbe aggiungere che, anche se gran parte dell'equipaggiamento per la movimentazione di contenitori è in grado di far fronte a sovrappesi di tre tonnellate, non è però immune rispetto agli effetti di 20 tonnellate o più, e che vi possono essere conseguenze anche in relazione alla movimentazione sicura al largo.

Un'altra questione citata concerneva la posizione dei contenitori sulla nave.

La posizione di tutti i container sul ponte rimasti a bordo - vale a dire la maggior parte - è stata confrontata con la posizione immessa nel computer di carico per determinare le condizioni di stabilità.

Essa avrebbe dovuto essere equivalente alle posizioni registrate dall'operatore terminalistico.

Di queste unità, il 7% erano in una posizione sbagliata oppure erano dichiarate erroneamente quanto al contenitore; il rapporto nota come, generalmente, nell'ambito del settore containerizzato si concorda sul fatto che sino al 10% dei box caricati su una nave potrebbero non essere nella loro posizione programmata.

Anche se molte delle raccomandazioni contenute nell'ultimo rapporto riguardavano la progettazione e le operazioni delle portacontainer, i due rapporti sono strettamente collegati per quanto attiene la necessità di un codice settoriale delle procedure e si può prevedere che alcuni cambiamenti potranno derivarne nel prossimo futuro.
(da: Cargo Systems, maggio 2008, pagg. 58-59)


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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
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Abu Dhabi
Agreement with the CMA CGM shipping group
The Eastern Liguria Port Authority approves the 2026 budget and three-year plan.
La Spezia
The decree has been signed to begin construction on the new high-voltage electricity grid in the port of La Spezia.
A new SDC Customs Service Containers warehouse has opened in Porto Marghera.
Venice
It will be used for the storage and movement of goods at room temperature
Moby is selling five ferries at a starting price of €229.9 million.
Vicenza
Sale and lease-back agreement expected for two of the vessels
d'Amico International Shipping's quarterly financial results decline
Luxembourg
Mottola Crossbow: The fundamentals of the tanker industry remain solid.
ICTSI posts record quarterly financial and operating performance
Manila
In the period July-September, container traffic in the group's terminals grew by +12.3%
Denmark's DFDS to cut 400 jobs
Copenhagen
The group is looking for a new CEO. Record revenues were recorded in the July-September quarter.
CEVA Logistics has completed the acquisition of Turkey's Borusan Logistics.
Marseille
Operation worth 383 million dollars
1,100 cars from the Chinese car manufacturer Dongfeng were unloaded in the port of Livorno
Livorno
Traffic is managed through the "Il Faldo" logistics area operated by XCA
Assiterminal, the MIT note clarifies that the 90-minute grace period applies only to waiting times
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: The Conference of Port Authority Presidents could consider a sort of national program agreement.
Harren assigns a single brand to its heavy lift companies
Bremen
The fleet of 80 vessels will be operated under the single SAL brand.
Wallenius Wilhelmsen's revenues fell by 2% in the third quarter.
Lysaker
Net profit was $280 million (+8%)
ESPO has presented its new annual environmental report
Brussels
Climate change remains the top priority for European ports to address
Over €60 million from the PNRR for the ports of Naples and Salerno
Rome
Rixi: Let's make more effective use of European resources and accelerate the implementation of strategic projects.
Agreement between Escola Europea and DLTM to promote international mobility and maritime training
La Spezia
Synergies between the Ligurian maritime cluster and the port and training community of Barcelona
UPS has completed its acquisition of Canada's Andlauer Healthcare Group.
Atlanta/Toronto
Operation worth 1.6 billion dollars
CMA CGM to register ten new 24,212 TEU containerships in the French International Register
Marseille/Copenhagen
The company will take delivery of them starting from 2026
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
Two MSC Cruises Musica-class cruise ships undergoing refurbishment in Malta
Geneva
Work at Palumbo Malta Shipyard includes the construction of new suites
Increase in freight traffic in Tuscan ports over the past six months
Livorno
In the first six months of 2025, growth of +2.0% was recorded in Livorno and +4.9% in Piombino
Kalmar closes the third quarter with higher financial results and lower orders
Helsinki
The contribution of the services segment offset the lower performance of equipment sales
COSCO Strengthens Its Bulk Fleet with Orders for 29 Vessels
Shanghai
Orders worth a total of over $1.7 billion for 23 bulk carriers and six VLCCs
Tito Vespasiani has been appointed Secretary General of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority.
Genoa
The 2026 budget and the 2026-2028 three-year operational plan were approved.
Assiterminal: Technical roundtable on cruise tourism is a success.
Genoa
An important step - Cognolato highlighted - to enhance the territories and promote an integrated vision of the sector.
Fincantieri signs agreement to develop Saudi Arabia's maritime ecosystem
Trieste
It was signed with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources of Riyadh
Yang Ming Signs Contracts for Six New 8,000 TEU Container Ships
Keelung
They will be delivered from 2028 and will replace 5,500 TEU ships
Rijeka Gateway Terminal officially opened
River
It is operated by the joint venture between APM Terminals and Enna Logic
New historical records for quarterly traffic of goods and passengers in Albanian ports
Tirana
2.25 million tons of cargo (+16.7%) and 1.01 million people (+6.4%) moved
The Management Committee of the Southern Adriatic Port Authority takes shape
Bari
The designations of some local administrations are still missing
The Senate's VIII Commission approved the appointment of eight Port System Authority presidents.
Rome
Parliamentary process completed
Carole Montarsolo has been appointed general manager of GNV Morocco
Genoa
Know-how from over ten years of relationships and direct presence in the area
The concession term for Metal Carpenteria in the port of Crotone has been extended.
Gioia Tauro
The deadline has been extended to November 14, 2033
In the period July-September, freight traffic in Tunisian ports grew by +5.4%
La Goulette
Cruise passengers decreased by -10.5%
Wärstilä Corporation closed the third quarter with sales of over 1.6 billion euros (-5.0%)
Helsinki
UPS's latest quarterly financial performance declines
Atlanta
Revenues down by -3.7%
Götz Becker appointed chairman of Interferry
Victoria
The president is Supapan Pichaironarongsongkram, who takes over from Guido Grimaldi
Accelleron and LAB021 partner to develop digital solutions to improve fleet operational efficiency.
The 2026 budget forecast for the Sardinian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Cagliari
Among the objectives, the strengthening of operational infrastructures on land and dredging
Conference on the culture of prevention in the Italian logistics supply chain
Rome
Organized by Sanilog, it will be held on November 13th in Rome
The PCTC Grande Melbourne was christened and delivered to the Grimaldi Group in China.
Naples
It has a capacity of 9,241 CEUs
A new record in cruise traffic is expected in Italian ports in 2026
Catania
In Catania, Risposte Turismo presented the new edition of the "Italian Cruise Watch" report.
Fincantieri launches the first integrated underwater drone system
Trieste
Tested at the Naval Support and Experimentation Center in La Spezia
Quarterly freight traffic growth at the port of Barcelona. Declining in Algeciras.
Barcelona/Algeciras
In the period July-September, percentage variations of +1.8% and -4.1% respectively were recorded
Filt Cgil: The method adopted to define the port reform is unacceptable.
Rome
The union denounces the lack of involvement of workers' representatives and the lack of prior consultation.
General Assembly of Logistics: Northwest Alliance Renewed
Turin
Liguria, Lombardy, and Piedmont Regions, MIT, RFI, and Ferrovienord Sign Agreement
Konecranes reports quarterly revenue decline while orders rise.
Helsinki
In the period July-September, orders acquired for 1.15 billion euros (+20.1%)
GNV has taken delivery of the new ro-pax GNV Virgo in China
Genoa
It is the first ship powered by liquefied natural gas in the company's fleet.
A new maritime service for rolling stock to North Africa is underway at the Vado Ligure Reefer Terminal.
Vado Ligure
Connection with the Libyan port of Misurata
Grimaldi and China Merchants Shenzhen RoRo Shipping sign cooperation agreement
Naples
Expected to offer greater capacity and a broader and more efficient service network to support Chinese exports
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The UNIPORT public meeting will be held in Rome on November 19th.
Rome
Among the topics at the centre of the meeting was the port system reform project.
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Three UAE Firms Eye Investment In Kenya's Port, Renewable Energy, And Shipping Projects
(Capital FM Kenya)
Foreign firms to operate 3 terminals under Ctg Port for up to 30 years; deals by December
(The Business Standard)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The 2026 budget forecast and the POT of the Port System Authority of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas have been adopted.
Gioia Tauro
Piacenza: Cold ironing is also important to avoid having to face significant fines.
The Port of La Spezia has completed its first cold ironing tests at Molo Garibaldi.
La Spezia
The transformation cabin at the dock has been connected to the cruise ship "MSC Seaview"
Global Ports Holding has signed a contract to manage the Casablanca cruise terminal.
Istanbul
15-year agreement with option for a 20-year extension
A conference on e-commerce returns at LIUC
Castellanza
In the fashion sector they represent over 30% of online orders in Europe
Australian Scott McKay is the new president of the International Cargo Handling Association.
London
He took over from John Beckett
Fincantieri and Defcomm sign agreement for the development of surface drones.
Trieste
Co-investment to accelerate its industrialization
Container traffic in the port of Valencia fell by 11.6% in September.
Valencia
In the third quarter of 2025, overall freight traffic decreased by -3.2%
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 0.7% in the third quarter.
Long Beach
Empty spaces are rising. Full capacity at boarding and disembarking is down 1.0% and 8.5% respectively.
Piacenza: The port of Gioia Tauro aims to handle seven million containers by 2029.
Genoa
Transhipment - he underlined - represents an essential gateway for international goods into the national market.
Arkas Line's new direct service connects the Eastern Mediterranean and Italy with West Africa.
Izmir
It will be held on a weekly basis
Assocostieri urges revitalization of the national bunkering sector
Genoa
Among the proposals, making it possible to use barges as floating storage facilities for alternative fuels
The Ministry of Transport has requested an agreement for Consalvo to become president of the Eastern Adriatic Port Authority.
Rome/Trieste
Fedriga: The Friuli Venezia Giulia Region will express its agreement
Federmar-Cisal proposes a new distribution of the tonnage tax benefits
Rome
Pico: For maritime personnel, financial recognition is not always proportionate to the essential role they play
P&O Maritime Logistics completes acquisition of controlling stake in NovaAlgoma Cement Carriers
Lugano
Obtained the necessary regulatory approvals
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