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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 10/2008 - OCTOBER 2008

Studi e ricerche

Ottimo momento per i traffici interasiatici

Nel corso degli ultimi 12 mesi, si è assistito ad un rallentamento della domanda in diversi dei principali traffici containerizzati mondiali (segnatamente, quello transpacifico, l'Estremo Oriente/Europa ed il transatlantico in direzione ovest), mentre i corridoi commerciali nel contesto del mercato asiatico hanno in genere continuato a marciare spediti.

Inoltre, un nuovo rapporto, intitolato "Traffici containerizzati interasiatici: demistificare il mercato", pubblicato dalla Drewry Shipping Consultants con sede a Londra, suggerisce come le prospettive future del settore in questione restino buone.

Infatti il rapporto, che ha richiesto 18 mesi di ricerca e contiene oltre 120 tabelle, prevede che i volumi di contenitori nell'ambito del mercato interasiatico in pratica raddoppieranno da qui al 2013.

"Poiché gran parte della base produttiva mondiale è ora concentrata in Asia, si è manifestata la necessità sempre maggiore di movimentare elevati volumi sia di materie prime che di merci finite in entrata ed in uscita dalla regione" afferma Neil Dekker, co-autore del rapporto.

"Abbiamo assemblato ed esaminato accuratamente una dovizia di dati relativi alla regione, che abbiamo definito come quella ricomprendente Cina, Giappone, Sud Corea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailandia, Vietnam, Filippine, Indonesia, Cambogia e Myanmar".

Il ricercatore ha sostenuto la necessità di una tale definizione rigorosa dell'area al fine di apportare chiarezza all'analisi.

Ha infatti dichiarato: "Molti vettori marittimi comprendono anche il Medio Oriente e l'Australia/Nuova Zelanda nella regione, ma questi traffici hanno dinamiche diverse e metterli assieme serve solo a diluire qualsiasi analisi.

Nel 2000, abbiamo stimato in 25,9 milioni di TEU i volumi dei traffici principali interasiatici e ravvisiamo che essi saliranno ad almeno 51 milioni di TEU nel 2013.

La nostra tesi è che nei prossimi anni la crescita avverrà nella fascia del 10-11%".

Dekker ha indicato la regione come quella che andrà progressivamente a controllare la quota più grande dei traffici containerizzati a livello globale.

Secondo il rapporto, ci si aspetta che essa aumenti da poco più del 20% nel 2005 al 21% nel 2009, arrivando in prossimità del 22% nel 2013 (v. Tabella 1).

Nell'ambito del mercato interasiatico stesso, Dekker ha evidenziato la crescente influenza della Cina.

Sotto molti aspetti, il paese è diventato una calamita per i traffici interasiatici dal momento che esso caratterizza le movimentazioni di molti prodotti finiti, semi-lavorati e delle materie prime che vengono trasportati e sui quali così tanti suoi vicini fanno affidamento.

Tabella 1:
Sviluppo previsto dei traffici
containerizzati interasiatici, 2005-2009
(in migliaia di TEU)

Anno

Traffico
interasiatico

Crescita
%

%
rispetto ai
traffici
globali
complessivi

2005

23.305

n.d.

20,2%

2006

25.858

11,0%

20,5%

2007

29.101

12,5%

20,6%

2008

32.261

10,9%

20,8%

2009

35.701

10,7%

21,0%

Fonte: Drewry Shipping Consultants


Di qui, la presenza della Cina in diversi dei corridoi caratterizzati dalla crescita più alta nella regione (v. Tabella 2).

Ciononostante, le dimensioni dell'economia giapponese e la sua influenza complessiva negli scambi regionali - il paese ha sottoscritto un accordo di libero scambio con l'ASEAN - nonché i finanziamenti disponibili fanno sì che i suoi porti continueranno a movimentare un volume significativo di carichi interasiatici.

Le impressionanti prospettive di crescita della regione, ed il fatto che notevoli quantitativi dei carichi movimentati sono controllati dalle stesse società multinazionali impegnate nei traffici est/ovest, hanno indotto le compagnie di navigazione di linea ad incrementare le proprie presenze nel mercato.

Lo scorso anno la CMA CGM ha acquisito la Cheng Lie Navigation con sede a Taipei, mentre operatori quali Maersk Line, MSC, Hapag-Lloyd, OOCL ed APL hanno progressivamente aggiunto ai propri servizi allacciamenti destinati a movimentare i traffici (non carichi di raccordo) di importazione ed esportazione interasiatici.

E' stato altresì significativo l'incremento dell'utilizzazione di navi più grandi di dimensioni panamax in alcuni corridoi interasiatici, tendenza che Dekker attribuisce in parte alle maggiori esigenze a livello globale dei vettori di reimpiegare il tonnellaggio distogliendolo dai traffici a lungo raggio, in seguito alla consegna delle super-navi della generazione da 8.500 TEU ed oltre.

Dekker sostiene che ciò ha messo sotto pressione alcuni degli specialisti regionali, quali la Wan Hai Lines, la Regional Container Lines e la Samudera Shipping Line.

"Non è una semplice coincidenza il fatto che gli operatori regionali si stiano interessando sempre più ai traffici a lungo raggio" afferma Dekker.

L'esperto ha dichiarato che l'avvento degli operatori globali nell'ambito del mercato interasiatico si è dimostrato un influsso distruttivo sulle tariffe di nolo.

"I vettori marittimi devono concentrarsi maggiormente sui risultati finanziari e, alla fine, ne potrebbe risultare un maggiore consolidamento dell'industria".

Dekker non ha escluso la possibilità che alcuni operatori interasiatici minori possano non sopravvivere ovvero che debbano ridurre drasticamente la propria presenza in certe rotte di traffico a basso profitto in Asia settentrionale.

I più elevati prezzi del rifornimento negli ultimi 12 mesi hanno avuto un effetto dannoso sulle operazioni di diversi vettori.

"La Heung-A ha recentemente ridotto il tonnellaggio impiegato in diversi dei suoi allacciamenti al fine di risparmiare sui costi del carburante e questo ha comportato la sottoscrizione di un numero maggiore di accordi per la condivisione di slot" ha detto Dekker.

Tabella 2:
Alcuni corridoi di traffico
interasiatici con volumi di rilievo
(in TEU)


2005

2006

Cambiamento
%

Cina - Giappone

2.006.606

2.159.845

7,6%

Cina - Corea del Sud

816.383

1.020.866

25,0

Corea del Sud - Giappone

769.164

780.599

1,5%

Thailandia - Giappone

314.000

370.000

17,8%

Cina - Vietnam

110.000

150.000

36,4%

Totale

4.016.153

4.481.310

-

Fonte: Drewry Shipping Consultants


Anche se i traffici interasiatici sicuramente non sono immuni dai problemi creditizi a livello globale e dal rallentamento delle economie d'Europa e del Nord America, in questo momento stanno attraversando un momento di robusta crescita e presentano un livello di maggiore integrazione; entrambi questi fattori alimenteranno la crescita dei traffici interregionali.

Su queste basi, essi offrono interessanti opportunità a coloro che sono impegnati nel trasporto marittimo di linea di contenitori.
(da: Containerisation International, settembre 2008, pag. 55)


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