testata inforMARE
Cerca
05 November 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
21:49 GMT+1
LinnkedInTwitterFacebook


CENTRO INTERNAZIONALE STUDI CONTAINERSANNO XXXVIII - Numero 31 GENNAIO 2020

PROGRESSO E TECNOLOGIA

VELIERI IN VISTA

Il principio fisico è quello stesso che la gente ha utilizzato sui velieri per secoli: il vento attinge il bordo d'attacco della vela e si divide in due flussi che vengono reindirizzati e viaggiano a velocità diverse verso il bordo di fuga, inducendo una differenza di pressione che preme e spinge in avanti simultaneamente la vela e l'imbarcazione.

Quello che è cambiato è l'efficienza.

L'avanzamento della scienza ha raddoppiato il quantitativo di potenza propulsiva per metro quadro della superficie velica, afferma Marc Van Peteghem, architetto navale e cofondatore della VPLP Design.

Unitamente alla ditta francese di ingegneria CNIM, la VPLP ha sviluppato una nuova concezione di vela rigida che hanno denominato OceanWings, sulla base di un'idea esistente della VPLP.

Dall'aereo alla nave

Negli ultimi anni è stata fatta una serie di tentativi per combinare il principio propulsivo delle tradizionali barche a vela con l'efficienza aerodinamica di un'ala di aereo quando estende il flap del bordo di fuga in fase di decollo o di atterraggio.

"C'è uno spazio fra i due elementi dell'ala e l'aria che vi passa attraverso accelera il flusso e spinge la turbolenza verso il bordo di fuga" spiega Van Peteghen.

Mentre nel caso di un aeroplano l'impulso generato dal motore sposta il velivolo contro l'aria, causando la divisione del flusso d'aria nelle ali e generando la forza di elevazione, il principio è invertito nel caso di un'imbarcazione a vela: il vento attinge la vela e non è la vela ad essere spinta contro il vento.

La fisica è la medesima, tuttavia.

Il trasferimento della concezione bipartita dell'ala e del flap dell'aereo ad un battello a vela ha come risultato una vela rigida, che consiste in due "lame" o "ali" verticali e parallele, più o meno simmetriche, con una stretta fessura nel mezzo.

La fessura ripartisce e reindirizza nuovamente il flusso d'aria, rafforzando l'effetto aerodinamico e producendo un impulso aggiuntivo.

La concezione è stata il soggetto di vari progetti sperimentali per un po' di tempo, compresi prototipi gonfiabili e a custodia rigida o segmentata.

Mentre sono stati conseguiti notevoli miglioramenti in termini di efficienza, il controllo ed il terzarolamento sono stati complicati, richiedendo competenze ed esperienze eccezionali.

Manovre automatiche

Il modello progettuale OceanWings richiede un approccio leggermente diverso: ognuna delle due lame dritte dispone di un proprio albero e consiste di diversi segmenti orizzontali ed il "corpo" di ciascuno dei segmenti è formato da una struttura flessibile.

Il sollevamento ed il calo di tali segmenti lungo l'albero consente di incrementare o ridurre la superficie della vela, ovvero il "terzarolamento", ed il calo di tutti i segmenti sino alla posizione più bassa "ammaina" la vela del tutto.

L'angolo fra le due parti della vela può essere corretto come si desidera; ogni lama può ruotare di 360 gradi attorno al suo albero.

Il secondo elemento essenziale della concezione OceanWings consiste nel fatto che le complicazioni correlate alla individuazione della posizione appropriata per una determinata condizione di vento e la desiderata direzione di viaggio vengono eliminate poiché l'intera vela rigida è completamente controllata dal computer.

Tutto ciò che l'operatore deve fare è scegliere la direzione ed il computer posizionerà le due parti della vela per conseguire l'impulso ottimale, correggendo la curvatura e la svolta come richiesto.

La vela è stata provata con successo sugli yacht della VPLP, compreso il catamarano coalimentato con pile combustibili all'idrogeno Energy Observer varato nel 2017 ed è disponibile in commercio.

Secondo Marc Van Peteghem le vele OceanWing possono ridurre il consumo di carburante del 18-42%, a seconda della tipologia di nave, della rotta e della composizione delle vele.

Ma la VPLP ha obiettivi di gran lunga più ambiziosi della nautica da diporto.

"È il momento di trasferire la tecnologia che abbiamo sviluppato nel settore della nautica da diporto a quello del trasporto marittimo" afferma Van Peteghem.

La sua società promuove la propria tecnologia di propulsione eolica OceanWings come una fonte ausiliaria di alimentazione per la propulsione delle navi mercantili al fine di conseguire l'EEDI desiderato.

Guardando più avanti nel futuro, le navi ibride che combinano un motore alimentato da carburante ecocompatibile con vele rigide e pannelli solari a bordo potrebbero un giorno essere un'opzione per un trasporto marittimo neutro in termini di gas serra e sostenibile.

Naturalmente non tutte le rotte marittime presentano le giuste condizioni di vento per una tale soluzione, ma su quelle che invece le hanno, trarre vantaggio del vento quale fonte energetica inesauribile certamente ha senso dal punto di vista ecologico ed economico.

Servizi di consulenza e certificazione

"Una vela rigida potrebbe essere installata su ogni nave dove sia liberamente esposta al vento" afferma Van Peteghem.

Una volta che una nuova concezione di propulsione eolica entra in una fase commerciale, è compito della classificazione assicurare che il sistema sia sicuro ed affidabile, aggiunge.

La DNV GL ha certamente le competenze e le conoscenze ingegneristiche richieste in questo settore, afferma Hasso Hoffmeister, ingegnere senior principale della DNV GL.

"Fra i vantaggi di una vela rigida c'è quello per cui la sezione incrociata tridimensionale migliora la propria efficienza aerodinamica rispetto ad una vela convenzionale.

Pertanto essa consegue una spinta notevolmente maggiore per metro quadro di area di superficie velica".

D'altro canto, le forze che agiscono su ogni vela non solo spingono nella direzione in avanti ma anche in quella laterale, il che significa che la stabilità della nave dev'essere considerata quando si stabiliscono le dimensioni dell'area della superficie velica.

"Ma le vele destinate a fornire la propulsione ausiliaria ad una grande nave mercantile dovrebbero normalmente essere abbastanza piccole da evitare ogni impatto negativo sulla stabilità" afferma Hoffmeister.

"A seconda del relativo dominio di un sistema a vele e se di tratti di una nuova progettazione o di un aggiornamento, una progettazione navale potrebbe essere utile per ottimizzare l'efficienza di una propulsione eolica".

Un esempio ne è la proposta di concezione di nave mercantile a vela "WASP" della Dykstra Naval Architects progettata per una superficie velica molto grande e pertanto con una appropriata forma di scafo.

Uno standard di certificazione della DNV GL per tali navi, denominato DNVGL-ST 0511 'Wind assisted Propulsion Systems' è stato pubblicato nello scorso mese di novembre.

I progetti come le recenti riuscite installazioni di vele a rotore del consorzio MariGreen e della Norsepower, entrambi certificati dalla DNV GL, così come della OceanWings e di altre tipologie a vela hanno conseguito risultati incoraggianti.

Al fine di supportare tali iniziative la DNV GL ha pubblicato anche la sua nuova notazione di classe 'Wind assisted propulsion systems' nel 2019.

Ciò di cui ora il settore ha bisogno sono consistenti investimenti di capitale in queste comprovate tecnologie eoliche in modo che esse possano entrare nella corrente principale e sviluppare il proprio potenziale di abbattimento del carbonio e del risparmio di carburante.

La DNV GL attualmente offre questi servizi utili per i sistemi di propulsione eolica.

La sua rete indipendente di consulenza marittima possiede competenze uniche nel calcolare il quantitativo di potenza propulsiva ausiliaria o il risparmio di carburante che gli specifici sistemi eolici genereranno su una specifica nave su una determinata rotta.

Questo viene fatto per mezzo di simulazioni e statistiche meteorologiche per specifiche rotte e si possono confrontare i risultati relativi a vari sistemi a vela per determinare quali siano i più efficienti.

Il secondo servizio è il calcolo EEDI per una determinata configurazione di propulsione ibrida; l'inclusione di un'assistenza eolica in questo calcolo è espressamente consentita ai sensi degli statuti IMO, sostiene Hasso Hoffmeister.

Il terzo servizio è la nuova notazione di classe che comporta la certificazione tecnica e l'approvazione della sicurezza, della stabilità strutturale e della resilienza in condizioni estreme di una nave che utilizza vele ausiliarie.

Questa procedura si basa su regole di classificazione e comprende sistemi di controllo e monitoraggio così come l'integrazione del sistema di vele nella nave.

"La tecnologia c'è e noi offriamo la consulenza indipendente ed i servizi di approvazione necessari" afferma Hoffmeister.

"Sta al settore del trasporto marittimo cogliere queste opportunità".
(da: hellenicshippingnews.com, 16 gennaio 2020)



1,100 cars from the Chinese car manufacturer Dongfeng were unloaded in the port of Livorno
Livorno
Traffic is managed through the "Il Faldo" logistics area operated by XCA
Assiterminal, the MIT note clarifies that the 90-minute grace period applies only to waiting times
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: The Conference of Port Authority Presidents could consider a sort of national program agreement.
Harren assigns a single brand to its heavy lift companies
Bremen
The fleet of 80 vessels will be operated under the single SAL brand.
Wallenius Wilhelmsen's revenues fell by 2% in the third quarter.
Lysaker
Net profit was $280 million (+8%)
ESPO has presented its new annual environmental report
Brussels
Climate change remains the top priority for European ports to address
Over €60 million from the PNRR for the ports of Naples and Salerno
Rome
Rixi: Let's make more effective use of European resources and accelerate the implementation of strategic projects.
Agreement between Escola Europea and DLTM to promote international mobility and maritime training
La Spezia
Synergies between the Ligurian maritime cluster and the port and training community of Barcelona
CMA CGM to register ten new 24,212 TEU containerships in the French International Register
Marseille/Copenhagen
UPS has completed its acquisition of Canada's Andlauer Healthcare Group.
Atlanta/Toronto
Operation worth 1.6 billion dollars
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
Two MSC Cruises Musica-class cruise ships undergoing refurbishment in Malta
Geneva
Work at Palumbo Malta Shipyard includes the construction of new suites
Increase in freight traffic in Tuscan ports over the past six months
Livorno
In the first six months of 2025, growth of +2.0% was recorded in Livorno and +4.9% in Piombino
Kalmar closes the third quarter with higher financial results and lower orders
Helsinki
The contribution of the services segment offset the lower performance of equipment sales
COSCO Strengthens Its Bulk Fleet with Orders for 29 Vessels
Shanghai
Orders worth a total of over $1.7 billion for 23 bulk carriers and six VLCCs
Tito Vespasiani has been appointed Secretary General of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority.
Genoa
The 2026 budget and the 2026-2028 three-year operational plan were approved.
Assiterminal: Technical roundtable on cruise tourism is a success.
Genoa
An important step - Cognolato highlighted - to enhance the territories and promote an integrated vision of the sector.
Fincantieri signs agreement to develop Saudi Arabia's maritime ecosystem
Trieste
It was signed with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources of Riyadh
Yang Ming Signs Contracts for Six New 8,000 TEU Container Ships
Keelung
They will be delivered from 2028 and will replace 5,500 TEU ships
Rijeka Gateway Terminal officially opened
River
It is operated by the joint venture between APM Terminals and Enna Logic
New historical records for quarterly traffic of goods and passengers in Albanian ports
Tirana
2.25 million tons of cargo (+16.7%) and 1.01 million people (+6.4%) moved
The Management Committee of the Southern Adriatic Port Authority takes shape
Bari
The designations of some local administrations are still missing
The Senate's VIII Commission approved the appointment of eight Port System Authority presidents.
Rome
Parliamentary process completed
Carole Montarsolo has been appointed general manager of GNV Morocco
Genoa
Know-how from over ten years of relationships and direct presence in the area
The concession term for Metal Carpenteria in the port of Crotone has been extended.
Gioia Tauro
The deadline has been extended to November 14, 2033
In the period July-September, freight traffic in Tunisian ports grew by +5.4%
La Goulette
Cruise passengers decreased by -10.5%
UPS's latest quarterly financial performance declines
Atlanta
Revenues down by -3.7%
Wärstilä Corporation closed the third quarter with sales of over 1.6 billion euros (-5.0%)
Helsinki
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Götz Becker appointed chairman of Interferry
Victoria
The president is Supapan Pichaironarongsongkram, who takes over from Guido Grimaldi
Accelleron and LAB021 partner to develop digital solutions to improve fleet operational efficiency.
The 2026 budget forecast for the Sardinian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Cagliari
Among the objectives, the strengthening of operational infrastructures on land and dredging
Conference on the culture of prevention in the Italian logistics supply chain
Rome
Organized by Sanilog, it will be held on November 13th in Rome
The PCTC Grande Melbourne was christened and delivered to the Grimaldi Group in China.
Naples
It has a capacity of 9,241 CEUs
A new record in cruise traffic is expected in Italian ports in 2026
Catania
In Catania, Risposte Turismo presented the new edition of the "Italian Cruise Watch" report.
Quarterly freight traffic growth at the port of Barcelona. Declining in Algeciras.
Barcelona/Algeciras
In the period July-September, percentage variations of +1.8% and -4.1% respectively were recorded
Fincantieri launches the first integrated underwater drone system
Trieste
Tested at the Naval Support and Experimentation Center in La Spezia
Filt Cgil: The method adopted to define the port reform is unacceptable.
Rome
The union denounces the lack of involvement of workers' representatives and the lack of prior consultation.
General Assembly of Logistics: Northwest Alliance Renewed
Turin
Liguria, Lombardy, and Piedmont Regions, MIT, RFI, and Ferrovienord Sign Agreement
Konecranes reports quarterly revenue decline while orders rise.
Helsinki
In the period July-September, orders acquired for 1.15 billion euros (+20.1%)
GNV has taken delivery of the new ro-pax GNV Virgo in China
Genoa
It is the first ship powered by liquefied natural gas in the company's fleet.
A new maritime service for rolling stock to North Africa is underway at the Vado Ligure Reefer Terminal.
Vado Ligure
Connection with the Libyan port of Misurata
Grimaldi and China Merchants Shenzhen RoRo Shipping sign cooperation agreement
Naples
Expected to offer greater capacity and a broader and more efficient service network to support Chinese exports
The 2026 budget forecast and the POT of the Port System Authority of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas have been adopted.
Gioia Tauro
Piacenza: Cold ironing is also important to avoid having to face significant fines.
The Port of La Spezia has completed its first cold ironing tests at Molo Garibaldi.
La Spezia
The transformation cabin at the dock has been connected to the cruise ship "MSC Seaview"
Global Ports Holding has signed a contract to manage the Casablanca cruise terminal.
Istanbul
15-year agreement with option for a 20-year extension
A conference on e-commerce returns at LIUC
Castellanza
In the fashion sector they represent over 30% of online orders in Europe
Fincantieri and Defcomm sign agreement for the development of surface drones.
Trieste
Co-investment to accelerate its industrialization
Australian Scott McKay is the new president of the International Cargo Handling Association.
London
He took over from John Beckett
Container traffic in the port of Valencia fell by 11.6% in September.
Valencia
In the third quarter of 2025, overall freight traffic decreased by -3.2%
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 0.7% in the third quarter.
Long Beach
Empty spaces are rising. Full capacity at boarding and disembarking is down 1.0% and 8.5% respectively.
Piacenza: The port of Gioia Tauro aims to handle seven million containers by 2029.
Genoa
Transhipment - he underlined - represents an essential gateway for international goods into the national market.
Arkas Line's new direct service connects the Eastern Mediterranean and Italy with West Africa.
Izmir
It will be held on a weekly basis
Assocostieri urges revitalization of the national bunkering sector
Genoa
Among the proposals, making it possible to use barges as floating storage facilities for alternative fuels
The Ministry of Transport has requested an agreement for Consalvo to become president of the Eastern Adriatic Port Authority.
Rome/Trieste
Fedriga: The Friuli Venezia Giulia Region will express its agreement
Federmar-Cisal proposes a new distribution of the tonnage tax benefits
Rome
Pico: For maritime personnel, financial recognition is not always proportionate to the essential role they play
P&O Maritime Logistics completes acquisition of controlling stake in NovaAlgoma Cement Carriers
Lugano
Obtained the necessary regulatory approvals
Fatal accident in the port of Ravenna
Ravenna
A 67-year-old truck driver lost his life at the Sapir terminal.
A Norwegian delegation visits the Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority
Livorno
ABB's quarterly financial performance shows sharp growth
Zurich
In the period July-September the value of new orders increased by +11.6%
Fratelli Neri buys two tugboats produced by Egypt's Misr Tugboats Factory
Ismailia
They will be taken into delivery in the first quarter of 2026
COSCO Shipping Ports Sets New Quarterly Container Traffic Record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September, 29.8 million TEUs were handled (+3.6%)
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by -9.2% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
A 16.3% drop was recorded in September
Port of Civitavecchia appoints members of the Marine Resources Partnership Body
Civitavecchia
He will remain in office for four years
New quarterly record for container traffic handled by CMPort port terminals
Hong Kong
New highs recorded both in China and at overseas ports
CMA CGM to order six feeder containerships from Cochin Shipyard
Kochi
Order worth approximately 300 million dollars
Efficient solutions for the port launching of floating wind turbines are being studied in France
Trondheim/Brest
Agreement between the Norwegian BOA and the port of Brest
Augusta Due has acquired a second new tanker built by Fujian Southeast Shipbuilding Co.
Rome
It has a capacity of 18,590 deadweight tons.
IRU, CLECAT, ESC and GCCA oppose binding targets for demand for zero-emission trucks
Brussels
They ask to focus instead on creating favorable conditions for operators to be able to use them.
Marialaura Dell'Abate is the new president of Confitarma's Young Shipowners' Group.
Rome
In the third quarter, cargo traffic in Russian ports grew by +4%
St. Petersburg
Only import loads are decreasing
Matteo Caiti appointed country manager for Italy at Forto
Milan
The goal is to consolidate growth on the Italian market
DP World to build and operate multimodal terminal in Uzbekistan
Dubai
Joint venture with Tashkent Invest
Applications for rail freight transport incentives are now open.
Rome
From today the requests to access the Ferrobonus
Confitarma welcomes Senate approval of simplification measures for the maritime transport sector.
Rome
A rapid approval in the Chamber is also hoped for
The maritime, port and logistics sector asks the Ministry of Transport for clarification on the regulation on waiting times for loading and unloading goods
Rome
A dialogue was called to determine the identification of correct application indications of the law
Four icebreakers for the U.S. Coast Guard will be built in Finland.
Washington
Agreement signed by Presidents Donald Trump and Alexander Stubb
PSA International wins the "Best Singapore Investor in Italy" award.
Genoa
It was awarded by the Italian Chamber of Commerce in Singapore
The Italian Navy's Olterra ship was launched in Genoa.
Genoa
It is the first military project built by the T. Mariotti shipyard
The first ferry owned by the Sicilian Region launched in Palermo
Palermo
Folgiero: Revitalization of the Sicilian shipyard as part of Fincantieri's new industrial plan
In the third quarter, containers carried by OOCL vessels increased by +0.7%
Hong Kong
Accentuation of the reduction in revenues which fell by -25.9%
Offshore wind farm in the port of Augusta ready in two or three years
Palermo
Di Sarcina: We are confident in a rapid allocation of the planned resources, amounting to approximately 50 million euros.
Assologistica approves new rules on pallet exchange
Rome
Approved by the Senate, the text moves to the Chamber of Deputies
In the Netherlands, a self-driving vessel has been authorised to sail outside a restricted area.
Rotterdam
German company Helsing acquires Blue Ocean Monitoring
London
Australian company builds self-driving submarines
The decree designating the port of Taranto as a national offshore wind hub has been made official.
Taranto
Gugliotti: Unlock resources for modernizing and upgrading port areas
One of two injured sailors from vessel attacked in Gulf of Aden dies
Amsterdam/London
Dominquez (IMO): Strong condemnation of any type of attack against ships
Salvini met with the deputy CEO of the Turkish terminal operator Yilport.
Rome
At the centre of the meeting was the dredging of the port of Taranto.
The Logistics & Sea Academy has equipped itself with new simulators for operating ships, tugboats, trains and port cranes
Venice
Investment of four million euros
Giovanni Punzo, founder and president of CIS - Interporto Campano for thirty years, has died.
Nola
Among the founders of Italo, the first private Italian operator on the high-speed rail network
The new two-masted ro-ro ship Neoliner Origin will arrive in Livorno tomorrow.
Vado Ligure
It has a capacity of 1,200 linear meters of rolling stock
The refinancing of the Setramar group's capital structure has been completed.
Ravenna
Merli: a crucial step in our growth journey
Liguori's term as head of the Trieste Port Authority has been extended.
Rome
Confirmed in the role of extraordinary commissioner of the institution
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Conference on the culture of prevention in the Italian logistics supply chain
Rome
Organized by Sanilog, it will be held on November 13th in Rome
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Foreign firms to operate 3 terminals under Ctg Port for up to 30 years; deals by December
(The Business Standard)
We'II Rebuild Apapa, Tin-Can Ports In 48 Months - Dantsoho
(Leadership)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Agreement to complete electrification work on the docks at the port of Gioia Tauro
Gioia Tauro
The 70 million euro investment to complete the project has been confirmed.
A Maersk delegation at the Grendi Group's container terminal in Cagliari's Porto Canale.
Milan
At the centre of the debate is the development of traffic towards North Africa
Port of Livorno: Protests over Gaza must not block operations.
Livorno
The members of the Partnership Body highlighted the need for it to be accessible to all vessels
Geodis appoints Maurizio Bortolan as CEO for Italy
Milan
It will coordinate the three business lines Contract Logistics, Freight Forwarding and Road Transport
GNV, agreement with Sicilian terminal operator Portitalia is positive.
Genoa
The company specified that the aim was exclusively to temporarily supplement the tariffs.
Two days of work with ESPO in Rome on the Mediterranean and European ports
Rome
Meetings organized by Assoporti
In 2024, 112 million counterfeit items were seized in the European Union.
Brussels
Record estimated value of 3.8 billion euros
Strikes and protests in ports, request for information from the Guarantor
Rome
Request for information from prefects, port authorities, and port authorities
Danaos Corporation has ordered two 7,165 TEU containerships from Dalian Shanhaiguan.
Athens
They will be taken into delivery in the third quarter of 2027
In the second quarter, freight traffic on the Austrian rail network fell by -1.4%.
Vienna
Only domestic traffic is growing
ALS (FBH Group) has acquired 80% of Trans World Shipping and Moda Express of USA.
Rozzano
The two companies have 500 employees and are active in Italy, France, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Circle's revenue increased by 62.1% in the first half of 2025
Milan
Net profit of over 1.0 million euros (+1.8%)
A Ukrainian delegation hosted by the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea Port Authority
Livorno
Cooperation in the field of training and safety at work in ports
The EIB is financing Phase A of Genoa's new breakwater with €300 million.
Luxembourg
The total investment is 937 million euros
- Via Raffaele Paolucci 17r/19r - 16129 Genoa - ITALY
phone: +39.010.2462122, fax: +39.010.2516768, e-mail
VAT number: 03532950106
Press Reg.: nr 33/96 Genoa Court
Editor in chief: Bruno Bellio
No part may be reproduced without the express permission of the publisher
Search on inforMARE Presentation
Feed RSS Advertising spaces

inforMARE in Pdf
Mobile