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02 October 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
22:39 GMT+2
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FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Rapporto Federazione del Mare/Censis
Economia del Mare e Sviluppo del Paese

FEDERAZIONE DEL MARE

Presidente ALDO GRIMALDI

Roma, 7 novembre 1996
CNEL


Aldo Grimaldi La realizzazione di una ricerca così approfondita sull'economia marittima e le sue diverse componenti è una novità che voglio sottolineare, perché fornisce a tutti -addetti ai lavori ed opinione pubblica non specializzata- gli elementi di base per impostare e valutare con cognizione di causa gli interventi di politica marittima, generale e settoriale.

E' significativo, del resto, che la Commissione Europea abbia avviato una analoga indagine sull'impatto economico e sociale della navigazione, estesa a tutti gli Stati Membri, affidandone la realizzazione al centro di ricerca condotto dal Prof.Peeters, uno dei relatori che la Federazione del Mare ha opportunamente invitato a questo convegno.

Ciò vuol dire che in Europa, ai più elevati livelli istituzionali, ci si pone il problema di precisare le dimensioni economiche delle attività marittime e la loro dinamica in relazione al resto dell'economia, un'operazione propedeutica ad ogni serio progetto di definizione complessiva della politica marittima, tanto sul piano europeo che su quello nazionale.

Si tratta peraltro di un'operazione nient'affatto facile, data la complessa articolazione delle attività di impresa marittima e -per certi versi- la loro eterogeneità: una eterogeneità, a ben vedere, più apparente che reale, posto che -come ha efficacemente messo in luce il collega d'Amico- esiste una profonda comunanza di problemi, di interessi, di valori, che unisce tutti gli imprenditori del mare ed è legata, da una lato, alla specialità sotto il profilo tecnico e culturale dell'attività sul mare; dall'altro, alla forte internazionalizzazione dei mercati di riferimento ed a quanto ciò comporta in termini di conduzione di impresa in un ambiente fortemente concorrenziale.

L'indagine del Censis conferma che la parte prevalente dell'economia del mare ruota attorno al trasporto per nave di merci e passeggeri e, quindi, attorno alla flotta mercantile, che -sia pure con quote progressivamente cedenti - resta il primo fornitore di servizi di trasporto marittimo al Sistema Italia.

L'analisi del Censis mette bene in luce questa circostanza, attribuendo un valore elevato (superiore a 3) al moltiplicatore del reddito riferibile alla navigazione mercantile, e mettendo così in evidenza come l'andamento di questa attività si rifletta con amplificazioni molto significative sulle altre branche dell'economia.

Scorrere le tabelle dei costi intermedi predisposte dai ricercatori, ove sono quantificati in dettaglio gli approvvigionamenti diretti della navigazione mercantile dalle altre branche dell'economia, è molto istruttivo, a mio parere: nel 1994 tali acquisti sarebbero ammontati nel complesso a quasi 13.000 miliardi di lire ed avrebbero dato lavoro ad oltre 50.000 addetti nell'industria manifatturiera e nei servizi:

  • acquisti per 4.700 miliardi sono stati effettuati presso i fornitori di servizi ausiliari dei trasporti (tra i quali le imprese di agenzia e intermediazione marittima e le imprese terminaliste portuali);
  • per 4.000 miliardi, presso le industrie petrolifere;
  • per 1.200 miliardi, presso l'industria cantieristica;
  • per 190 miliardi, presso gli istituti di credito;
  • per 180 miliardi, presso le imprese di assicurazione;
  • 150 miliardi sono stati spesi per servizi ricreativi e culturali ed altri 100 miliardi per gli approvvigionamenti di carne.

Come vedete, l'impatto economico dell'esercizio della navigazione mercantile è quanto mai ampio e diversificato.

Per questo tengo in modo particolare a dare un'immagine più definita dell'armamento nazionale, che ho l'onore di rappresentare.

La flotta italiana presenta ad inizio '96 una consistenza di 8.800.000 tonnellate di stazza lorda, di cui 1.900.000 costituite da naviglio temporaneamente in locazione a scafo nudo all'estero.

Essa occupa il sesto posto per capacità di trasporto controllata tra le flotte della Unione Europea ed il sedicesimo tra quelle mondiali (il ventesimo se si considera soltanto la flotta sotto bandiera nazionale).

Una posizione del tutto insoddisfacente, determinata in massima parte dall'indebolimento della componente di naviglio adibita ai servizi di navigazione internazionale, la cui gestione commerciale risulta esposta alla concorrenza delle altre flotte europee e mondiali, che in massima parte godono di condizioni fiscali e retributive più favorevoli, come ha ampiamente riconosciuto il recente Rapporto del Commissario europeo Kinnock per una nuova strategia marittima europea.

In proposito il Rapporto Federazione del Mare/Censis riporta, tra gli approfondimenti, il caso emblematico della Bulkcarrier "Alessandra D'Amato", dal cui dettagliato piano delle entrate e delle uscite per l'anno 1995 risulta un margine operativo lordo negativo per oltre 300 milioni di lire, contro gli 800-900 milioni di lire in positivo che per analogo tipo di nave e a parità di nolo conseguirebbe il concorrente norvegese o greco.

Non stupisce che, in queste condizioni, l'emorragia di naviglio resti costante e sia parzialmente arginata solo dal ricorso al regime del "bare boat charter", cioè di locazione della nave a scafo nudo all'estero: una limitata e temporanea forma di gestione internazionalizzata, la cui applicazione è concertata caso per caso con le organizzazioni sindacali, ed ha consentito a partire dal 1991 di mantenere entro l'ordinamento italiano parte della flotta più esposta alla concorrenza estera.

Ma è assolutamente improcrastinabile adottare misure organiche di revisione del regime della flotta. Tali misure sono da tempo all'esame del Ministero dei Trasporti e della Navigazione e delle Organizzazioni sindacali, ma devono tradursi in tempi brevi in una proposta legislativa.

Più articolata , ma solo in pochi casi davvero soddisfacente, risulta la posizione italiana nelle graduatorie internazionali delle flotte per tipologia di naviglio: l'Italia occupa il terzo posto tra le flotte passeggeri, l'undicesimo tra le flotte cisterniere, il quindicesimo tra le flotte "bulkcarrier" ed il diciassettesimo tra le flotte portacontainer.

La forte posizione italiana nel trasporto di passeggeri va sottolineata, perché conferma nei fatti la forte interrelazione esistente tra differenti branche di attività marittima. Se infatti, l'Italia ha raggiunto una posizione di leadership mondiale nell'industria delle costruzioni di navi passeggeri (ed il Presidente Antonini è testimone e artefice di questo successo), ciò è dipeso non soltanto dalla capacità della nostra cantieristica, ma anche dal dinamismo e dalla capacità di investimento degli armatori italiani del settore.

Sotto il profilo qualitativo, quella italiana si presenta nel complesso come una flotta giovane e tecnologicamente avanzata (il 45% della flotta ha un'età inferiore a 10 anni ed il 28% inferiore a 5 anni). Ciò a seguito del massiccio programma di costruzioni navali avviato dall'armamento a partire dal 1990, che prevede la costruzione di circa 390 nuove navi, per oltre 3.900.000 tonnellate di stazza lorda, e risulta realizzato già per oltre tre quarti.

Permettetemi di fornire qualche numero.

Tra il 1990 e il 1995 sono state varate:

  • oltre 90 navi da carico liquido, incluse diverse decine di gassiere e chimichiere e petroliere a doppio scafo
  • 30 navi da carico secco
  • 90 navi passeggeri, tra cui 14 navi da crociera e 22 navi traghetto, ad elevatissimo valore aggiunto
  • 90 navi per servizi ausiliari

A queste si aggiungono importanti operazioni di trasformazione di navi esistenti.

L'impegno finanziario complessivo è stato di oltre 8.500 miliardi di lire. Investimenti per altri 7.500 miliardi sono in via di realizzazione da qui al 2000.

Applicando il valore di Moltiplicatore del reddito definito dal Censis per il settore, pari a 3,14, ciò significa che, nell'arco dell'ultimo decennio di questo secolo, l'Armamento avrà attivato risorse nel complesso dell'economia nazionale per oltre 50.000 miliardi di lire.

Alla navigazione mercantile sono strettamente connesse le attività di impresa di altri due settori che, da sempre, mantengono legami profondi con l'industria armatoriale e ne rappresentano l'interfaccia con le città costiere ed il loro "hinterland economico": agenzie marittime e imprese portuali

Non è un caso se, dalle analisi del Censis, la branca dei "servizi ausiliari dei trasporti", in cui entrambi i settori si inseriscono, emerge come quella da cui in maggior misura le imprese di trasporto marittimo effettuano acquisti, per un ammontare complessivo che rappresenta ben il 36% dei 13.000 miliardi spesi dalla navigazione nelle altre branche dell'economia.

L'agenzia marittima rappresenta tradizionalmente, ad un tempo, il maggior fornitore ed il maggior cliente dell'impresa di navigazione, sulla base di un rapporto fiduciario con l'armatore che fa dell'agente e del mediatore marittimo figure strategiche nel sistema dei trasporti via mare, quali essenziali anelli di collegamento tra la nave, il suo carico e i porti di scalo.

La figura del terminalista portuale rappresenta invece una novità nel panorama dell'industria marittima, la cui affermazione è stata resa possibile dal processo di riforma degli ordinamenti portuali, risultato -ancora da consolidare- di una lunga battaglia che ha accomunato tutte le imprese utenti dei porti italiani, armatori e agenti marittimi in testa.

Fino a pochi anni fa, infatti, la portualità italiana è stata sinonimo di inefficienza, frutto di una sclerosi del suo assetto pubblicistico e dell'arretratezza delle condizioni operative che ne derivava. Questa situazione ha progressivamente allontanato dai nostri scali i traffici internazionali, ha frenato lo sviluppo delle imprese di navigazione, particolarmente nel settore dei servizi di linea, ed ha precluso per molto tempo una efficace evoluzione in senso multimodale del sistema nazionale dei trasporti, che altrove era già stata realizzata con benefici di rilievo per la competitività complessiva dell'intero sistema produttivo.

Con la privatizzazione delle banchine c'è stata una grande svolta nella produttività e nell'immagine internazionale della portualità italiana.

Il porto è tornato ad essere un fattore di sviluppo per la navigazione mercantile e ciò significa non soltanto crescita economica per le nostre città portuali ma una più elevata capacità di penetrazione del nostro sistema industriale nei mercati mondiali.

Se la quota più consistente dell'economia del mare ruota, come abbiamo visto, attorno al trasporto marittimo, sarebbe un errore trascurare che la navigazione come attività d'impresa non si esaurisce in quella con finalità mercantile, ma che un peso molto significativo, come dimensioni produttive e come ruolo sociale, ha in Italia la navigazione finalizzata alla pesca .

In proposito il Rapporto della Federazione del Mare e del Censis fornisce elementi di grande interesse, situando la pesca al secondo posto tra le attività marittime come valore della produzione (ben 9.000 miliardi nella stima al 1994) ed al primo posto come occupazione diretta con 36.000 addetti.

Risultati particolarmente significativi se si considera che si tratta di una attività del tutto peculiare che, come nessun altro, deve fare i conti con il problema ambientale e della disponibilità delle risorse. Essa infatti non può crescere se non in modo correlato alla disponibilità di risorse ittiche e queste dipendono da eventi che sfuggono in larga parte al controllo delle imprese, con tutte le difficoltà che ne conseguono in termini di stabilità delle prospettive e di programmazione aziendale.

La ridotta pescosità lungo le nostre coste ci obbliga ad emigrare verso altri lidi con problemi e sacrifici rilevanti.

Concludendo: da armatore, quindi anzitutto da uomo innamorato del mare, tanto da averne voluto fare il centro della mia vita di imprenditore, voglio testimoniare oggi la soddisfazione di chi vede condiviso il suo entusiasmo, compreso il significato economico e sociale delle attività marittime, apprezzata la loro rilevanza civile per l'intera collettività nazionale.

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Hamburg
They were built in 2008 and 2012
30% of Sangritana Cargo will be acquired by the Marche-based company Transadriatico
The Eagle
The sale will be completed in the next few days
The eighth edition of "A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 6th.
Lugano
Forum on economic and logistical integration between Ligurian ports, the Northwest manufacturing area, and Switzerland
DEME orders new cable-laying vessel from Singapore-based PaxOcean
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It will be built in the Chinese shipyard of Zhoushan
Assoporti will meet at RemTech EXPO 2025 to discuss the green transition in Italian ports.
Ferrara
The Smart Ports Award was awarded to three Port System Authorities
The first shipment of Syrian oil in 14 years arrives at the port of Trieste.
London
Part of the cargo - S&P Global Commodity Insights reports - was unloaded at the Sardinian terminal of Sarroch
In August, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +20.3%
Taranto
The ferry "Drea" was also rejected by the Apulian port, where however it is temporarily stopped
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles remained stable in August.
Los Angeles
Volumes expected to decline in the remainder of 2025
Meeting between the port authorities of Jacksonville and Livorno
Livorno
Among the objectives, to start one or more direct services between the two ports
Italian State Railways and ENAC sign an agreement for the use of drones in infrastructure monitoring.
Rome
They will also be used to fly over sections of the railway and road network that would otherwise be difficult to monitor.
A.SPE.DO, the port of La Spezia is essential to ensuring employment, development, and a future for the local economy.
La Spezia
Landolfi: We cannot afford to underestimate its value.
The MIT meets with the heads of the Italian AdSPs
Rome
Meeting on the government's strategic vision for the sector and port reform
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean Co. to build seven 15,880 TEU container ships
Keelung
They will be delivered between 2028 and 2029
Over 40 expressions of interest have been received for the development of the Ukrainian port of Chornomorsk.
Kiev
Today the first meeting of the tender commission
The first commercial ship is expected at the public dock in Largo Trattaroli in Ravenna.
Ravenna
The car carrier "AICC Huanghu" is coming soon
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach decreased by 1.3% last month.
Long Beach
Empty containers are increasing. Full containers are decreasing.
Assiterminal's Terminal Road Show is starting
Genoa
Cognolato: We want to strengthen our ties with local communities and territories.
Assoporti, the Italian ports' cruise offerings presented at the Seatrade Europe fair.
Hamburg
Giampieri: We are leaders in the Mediterranean area and in Europe
Commander Claudio Tomei, USCLAC president from 2012 to 2024, has passed away.
Viareggio
His strong commitment to improving the working conditions of Italian seafarers
In the first quarter of 2025, cargo traffic in Greek ports grew by +1.4%
Piraeus
Passengers down by -1.1%
HD Hyundai Samho Orders Four New Container Ships
Seoul
Order worth approximately 468 million dollars
Trieste: Fraudulent bankruptcy in the shipbuilding sector
Trieste
Investigation into a company based in Palermo
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by 7.4% in August.
Hong Kong
In the first eight months of 2025 the decline was -3.8%
BigLift Shipping and CY Shipping order two additional heavy lift vessels
Amsterdam
Order placed at Chinese shipyard Jing Jiang Nanyang Shipbuilding Co.
Container traffic at the port of Singapore continued to decline in August
Singapore
Total volume of goods increased by +1.1%
The Charthage ferry was placed under administrative detention in the port of Genoa
Genoa
A Coast Guard inspection found numerous deficiencies
Disney Cruise Line's largest ship's debut delayed by three months
Lake Buena Vista
Construction delays force the maiden voyage to be postponed until March 10th.
Shell to supply liquefied biomethane to Hapag-Lloyd containerships
Hamburg
Agreement effective immediately
Andrea Zoratti has been appointed general manager of Hub Telematica
Genoa
The company is controlled by Assagenti and Spediporto
Jotun and Messina sign agreement to improve the environmental and commercial performance of ships.
Genoa
The "Jolly Rosa" vessel will use the Hull Skating Solutions solution
PSA Genova Pra' announces the hiring of 25 people dedicated to container handling.
Genoa
Ferrari: International markets have changed profoundly
CMA CGM will not apply surcharges for new US taxes on Chinese vessels and Chinese services
Marseille
The rates announced by the USTR in April will apply from October 14th.
South Korean HJ Shipbuilding wins orders for four 8,850 TEU containerships
Busan
Orders with a total value of approximately 461 million dollars
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
GNV has inaugurated a new office in Barcelona
Barcelona
The company currently has 52 employees throughout Spain.
Port of Trieste: EU funding for two new projects
Trieste
Resources with a total value of 1.7 million euros
Filt Cgil, the Flotilla incident is serious. Dockworkers are ready to mobilize.
Rome
Union announces action if aid is not allowed to reach Gaza
Stena Line to buy Latvian port operator Terrabalt
Gothenburg
It handles rolling stock, bulk cargo, and general cargo traffic in the port of Liepaja.
In the first eight months of 2025, container traffic in the port of Gioia Tauro grew by +10.6%
Gioia Tauro
2,912,943 TEUs were handled
Meyer Turku begins construction of Royal Caribbean's fourth "Icon"-class cruise ship
Miami/Turku
It will be delivered in 2027
More than one in ten maritime shipments has shortages
Washington
This is what a report by the World Shipping Council has revealed, highlighting the safety risks
Last July, traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +3.8%
Ravenna
In the first seven months of 2025, growth was +5.4%
In the first quarter of 2025, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -3.2%.
Brussels
Landings down 1.3% and embarkations down 5.4%
Product tanker High Fidelity rescues 38 migrants on a drifting dinghy
Rome
Intervention in the south of the island of Crete
GES and RINA sign agreement to develop a prototype of a new hydrogen battery
Rovereto/Genoa
PSA's second phase of container terminal at Mumbai Port inaugurated
Singapore
Annual traffic capacity will increase to 4.8 million TEUs
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
A seminar on the new law on interports will be held in Milan on October 2nd.
Milan
It is organized by the Chamber of Commerce of Padua
The eighth edition of "A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 6th.
Lugano
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
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