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FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics

«A.L.C.E.»
ASSOCIAZIONE LIGURE COMMERCIO ESTERO
GENOVA

Relazione del Consiglio
all'Assemblea dei Soci

Genova, 28 Maggio 1998




LA CONGIUNTURA ITALIANA

Nel 1997 l'economia italiana ha avuto una moderata ripresa dopo il sensibile rallentamento accusato nel corso dell'anno precedente. Il Pil, dopo una flessione nei primi tre mesi è aumentato (la crescita media dell'anno dovrebbe essere vicina all'1,3%), così come hanno avuto incrementi il fatturato e gli ordini delle imprese; anche la produzione industriale è cresciuta e le esportazioni hanno ripreso a tirare almeno fino al quarto trimestre dell'anno, quando si è manifestata la crisi asiatica.

Sono risultati più evidenti i progressi soprattutto dei beni intermedi, mentre la produzione dei beni strumentali ha avuto segni di crescita inferiori. Per i primi nove mesi dell'anno i conti con l'estero hanno goduto del deprezzamento della lira nei confronti del dollaro Usa che ha consentito una maggiore penetrazione dei manufatti dell'Italia nell'area di influenza della moneta statunitense, cioè l'America Latina, il Sud Est asiatico, la Cina e ovviamente il Nord America.

Il tasso ufficiale di sconto, che a fine '96 era pari al 7,5% e nei primi mesi del '97 ha toccato il 6,25%, è stato abbassato al 5,50% (ed è stato poi nuovamente ridotto, nel '98, fino all'attuale 5%): questo ha permesso la discesa dei tassi di interesse. Il calo del costo del denaro ha, inoltre, favorito le imprese italiane e quindi anche le società di trading. Ciononostante, tale costo resta elevato, a causa, riteniamo, delle alte spese di gestione degli istituti bancari. Il costo del denaro è uno degli elementi che contribuiscono allo sviluppo generale del Paese e anche ad esso è legata la crescita delle società di trading che si confrontano con il mercato mondiale. Ci auguriamo dunque che si possa registrare una sua ulteriore, sensibile, discesa che sarà possibile se, in linea con gli altri partner europei, il nostro sistema bancario saprà modernizzarsi profondamente, riducendo le spese interne e dando maggior supporto tecnico alle imprese. Tale processo, a nostro avviso, è urgente e non più procrastinabile.

Mercato del lavoro

La disoccupazione ufficiale ha toccato un massimo storico, superando il 12,3% e permettendo all'Italia di ottenere un primato poco invidiabile: quello di trovarsi agli ultimi posti della classifica europea, tra Germania (11,8%) e Francia (12,4%). Lo scarto tra uomini e donne, tra giovani e meno giovani, tra Nord e Sud è rimasto immutato. Per avere dati precisi bisognerebbe, in ogni caso, tenere conto anche dell'esistenza di un'alta percentuale di lavoro nero che resta ovviamente occultata e che è difficilmente quantificabile.

L'Alce ritiene che per favorire il mercato del lavoro sia necessaria una maggiore flessibilità . In effetti in Paesi come la Gran Bretagna e gli Usa, dove si è raggiunta la massima flessibilità si sono ottenuti anche tassi di occupazione più che positivi. Anche se in Italia è molto difficile, per lo sviluppo storico e sociale del Paese, imitare i sistemi anglosassoni, deve essere senz'altro posto un correttivo all'eccessiva rigidità del lavoro. E i passi avanti del governo con le nuove norme (legge 169/97) sul lavoro interinale, la formazione e gli interventi di emergenza, pur favorendo una certa apertura del mercato del lavoro, non sono per ora abbastanza incisivi. Ci vorrebbero, in effetti, una diminuzione degli oneri sociali a carico delle imprese, la facoltà di derogare dai minimi sindacali nelle aree in crisi, agevolazioni fiscali per le aziende che desiderano assumere. Riteniamo, inoltre, che imporre per legge le 35 ore lavorative, come vuol fare il governo, non incentivi l'occupazione, perlomeno nel commercio estero. Simili iniziative contribuiscono non solo a dissuadere le aziende dall'operare nuove assunzioni, ma le persuadono a trasferirsi in regioni europee che offrano sistemi più efficienti e meno onerosi. L'euro certamente favorirà tali spostamenti che sono relativamente semplici per le imprese che si dedicano al commercio estero. Cambiare sede, però, comporta, come è facilmente immaginabile, una perdita di posti di lavoro. Proprio a questo riguardo, l'Alce ha commissionato uno studio comparativo, col contributo dell'associazione culturale "Il Leudo", per capire quali siano i vantaggi competitivi (soprattutto di natura fiscale e tributaria) che le società di trading, operanti in Paesi europei ed extraeuropei, possono avere rispetto a quelle italiane.

La pressione fiscale

Il 1997 ha portato un ulteriore aumento della pressione fiscale, basti pensare al contributo straordinario per l'Europa o alla prossima introduzione dell'incognita Irap che probabilmente sarà svantaggiosa per molte imprese e specialmente per le piccole e medie società di trading. L'incidenza del fisco ha raggiunto livelli insopportabili per le pmi che vorrebbero anche una semplificazione del sistema. Nel nostro settore, poi, si vive in un clima di incertezza e confusione tale da scoraggiare chiunque voglia portare avanti un'impresa e da spingere, ancora una volta, le aziende a trasferirsi in altre nazioni. Il depauperamento del commercio estero, in Italia, è frutto di un sistema fiscale contorto e complesso che mette cittadini e imprese nella condizione di sentirsi sempre e soltanto sudditi alla mercé dello Stato. Questo ha determinato anche il fallimento di alcuni provvedimenti fiscali in apparenza favorevoli al cittadino (per esempio, la normativa sulla ristrutturazione degli immobili). E' necessario che la legge Bassanini sia realmente applicata (come spesso non avviene) e che i grandi e piccoli burocrati di Stato si rendano conto una volta per tutte di essere al servizio dei cittadini e delle imprese che li pagano. Si favorirebbe, in questo modo, l'efficienza della cosa pubblica e si avrebbero risparmi in termini di tempo (sprecato nelle pastoie della burocrazia) e di costi.

L'Euro

L'anno passato è stato quello della rincorsa ai parametri di Maastricht e del raggiungimento, non privo di sforzi e di punti interrogativi, del rapporto deficit/Pil al 2,7%. Si sono poste le basi, insomma, per l'ingresso dell'Italia nella moneta unica.

L'introduzione dell'euro favorirà le attività legate al commercio internazionale. Le aziende, infatti, otterranno notevoli risparmi dovuti alla riduzione di diversi costi quali, per esempio, quelli ascrivibili al personale interno occupato a gestire i cambi. Dai bilanci scompariranno, dunque, spese legate alla gestione della tesoreria e della contabilità in diverse valute, alla frammentazione della liquidità, ai tempi lunghi per portare a termine operazioni di indebitamento e accreditamento. Ci sarà, poi, l'eliminazione dei differenziali di prezzo di acquisto e vendita delle valute e delle relative commissioni bancarie; si avranno risparmi sulle assicurazioni contro il rischio di cambio e un più basso costo del denaro. L'avvento dell'euro non porterà, però solo vantaggi. Causerà, infatti, una rivoluzione informatica all'interno delle aziende con un innalzamento dei costi dovuto all'adeguamento dei sistemi. Comporterà, poi, una maggiore trasparenza dei prezzi con minori possibilità di cambiare i listini a seconda dei Paesi e la perdita di qualsiasi vantaggio competitivo legato a eventuali svalutazioni. Una simile situazione espone le aziende italiane a un livello di concorrenza elevato che deve, a nostro parere, trasformarsi in una sfida da vincere abbattendo le barriere culturali legate a un tipo di imprenditoria ormai appartenente al passato.

Internet

Come abbiamo detto, all'euro è legata la necessità di modificare i sistemi informatici delle aziende. L'avvicinamento delle imprese a nuovi spazi della globalizzazione via computer, d'altro canto, è già iniziato con il forte sviluppo sul mercato di Internet, sistema che proprio nel '97 ha avuto il suo boom in Italia. Il collegamento alla rete, che consente di essere in contatto diretto con tutto il mondo, sta già cambiando il modo di vendere e comprare a costi davvero esigui. Internet, insomma, è un veicolo di espansione importantissimo e, in futuro molto prossimo sarà uno strumento di comunicazione indispensabile. Rappresenterà un modo di fare commercio senza muoversi che permetterà, a chi tratta abitualmente con l'estero, di ottenere grandi risparmi di tempo e denaro. Internet può essere d'aiuto, insomma, per sviluppare con fantasia e inventiva la visibilità di un'azienda in tutto il mondo.

La crisi asiatica

Una riflessione a parte merita lo sviluppo della crisi asiatica. L'andamento del commercio estero nel 1997 è stato segnato dalla brusca flessione dell'economia del Far East che è iniziata alla fine del terzo trimestre dell'anno, si è protratta per tutto il quarto e si rifletterà pesantemente sul '98 e sul '99. Inizialmente le ripercussioni più gravi, per il tracollo delle Borse dei Paesi asiatici e per la svalutazione delle loro monete, sono state accusate da banche, investitori e speculatori; poi la crisi si è fatta sentire anche negli affari di diverse aziende industriali dell'Occidente. Benché il Fmi abbia stanziato, per far fronte alla situazione, più di 100 miliardi di dollari, alcuni analisti ritengono che la crescita mondiale nel '98 anziché attestarsi, come era stato previsto in passato, su un incremento del 4,25%, si fermerà a un più 3 massimo 3,25%. E ciò ovviamente influisce pesantemente, a livello mondiale, sul rallentamento della creazione di ricchezza e di occupazione. Anche se la maggioranza delle imprese italiane non ha raggiunto un livello di globalizzazione tale da risentire in modo deciso, per quanto riguarda le esportazioni, della crisi, il rallentamento dell'economia del Far East ha fatto sentire i suoi effetti.

Sono venute alla luce, in tutta evidenza, le difficoltà che i Paesi dell'Estremo Oriente in forte sviluppo hanno quando si tratta di equilibrare la crescita della domanda con i flussi di esportazione. Squilibri tra l'aumento delle componenti di domanda interna e delle vendite all'estero producono peggioramenti del saldo corrente della bilancia dei pagamenti e nuocciono alla stabilità delle monete che vengono sottoposte al rischio di attacchi speculativi. La situazione determinatasi nel Far East ha comportato un abbassamento della fiducia degli investitori verso le aree maggiormente colpite dal tracollo finanziario. Nonostante l'Oriente, comunque, negli ultimi mesi del '97 l'economia dell'Ue, secondo gli analisti, si è consolidata.


LA POSIZIONE DELL'ITALIA NEL SUD-EST ASIATICO

ESPORTAZIONI
Valori in miliardi di lire variazioni percentuali
sul periodo corrispondente
IMPORTAZIONI
Valori in miliardi di lire variazioni percentuali
sul periodo corrispondente

Paesi 1996 1997
(gen.set.)
1996 1997
(gen.-set.)

Cina4.425 (0,8)2.811 (-2,3)6.225 (-2,5)5.660 (19,1)
Corea del Sud 4.365(16,5) 2.954(-9,1) 1.575(-11,0) 1.562(28,1)
Filippine626 (36,4)504 (15,6)266 (-23,0)155 (-21,5)
Giappone8.614 (-1,1)6.222 (-6,3)6.136 (-16,1)5.285 (13,0)
Hong Kong6.770 (6,4)5.062 (3,6)326 (-21,7)297 (19,9)
Indonesia1.694 (38,9)1.206 (-1,1)1.435 (-9,8)1.203 (8,5)
Malaysia1.554 (4,0)1.642 (46,2)1.154 (1,9)820 (-7,8)
Singapore3.202 (12,5)2.038 (-15,5)754 (-24,7)520 (-3,3)
Taiwan2.227 (-9,3)1.845 (9,4)1.884 (1,5)1.531 (5,5)
Thailandia1.992 (5,1)1.042 (-31,3)1.072 (-2,7)859 (1,3)
Totale35.469 (5,6)25.326 (-2,8)20.826 (-9,2)17.891 (12,3)


QUOTE DI MERCATO DELL'ITALIA

Paesi 19961997 (gen.giu.)

Cina2,3 1,7
Corea del Sud 2,11,7
Filippine0,9 0,9
Giappone1,9 1,7
Hong Kong2,0 1,9
Indonesia2,8 2,1
Malaysia1,4 1,3
Singapore1,7 1,4
Taiwan1,5 1,4
Thailandia1,8 1,5
Totale1,9 1,6

(Fonte: Mincomes-Ice)



Indice
LA CONGIUNTURA ITALIANA
LA BILANCIA COMMERCIALE ITALIANA
IL COMMERCIO ESTERO IN LIGURIA
LA DISOCCUPAZIONE
I NUMERI DEI PORTI LIGURI
GENOVA E IL SUO PORTO
L'AEROPORTO
I FATTI DELL'ASSOCIAZIONE
CONCLUSIONI


›››File
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Hamburg
Interferry's board of directors has been renewed.
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London
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Bonn
Revenue of 22.7 billion euros (+12.6%) and EBIT of 1.7 billion (+16.2%)
The EU General Court has annulled the withdrawal of recognition from the Russian naval register
Luxembourg
The investment ban and transaction ban remain in force
Italian bioLNG seeks space among ETS, FuelEU, and national incentives
Rimini
Assogasliquidi calls for simpler certification procedures and measures to make domestic production competitive.
Fincantieri and Leonardo reach agreement to strengthen Orizzonte Sistemi Navali's role.
Trieste/Rome
The companies aim to consolidate the industrial and commercial role of the joint venture
Port of Rijeka: Various cargoes push Luka Rijeka forward, while the Adriatic Gate container terminal loses ground.
Rijeka
In the first nine months of 2026, overall traffic fell by -15% to 3.83 million tonnes
Confetra: The government wants to abolish the tax on small parcels.
Rome
Satisfaction with the government's choices in the budget bill
A Port Renewable Energy Community has been established in Taranto
Taranto
Among the objectives, the development of the Apulian port as an energy hub
Filt and Uilt, the temporary port labor system is not anachronistic
Rome
To define it in this way - the unions denounce - means distorting the nature and role of Article 17 of Law 84/94.
New quarterly record for freight traffic in Albanian ports
Tirana
In the period July-September passengers decreased by -5.4%
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
FedEx's earnings are rising, but net profit falls 68%.
Memphis
The non-cash capital loss related to the spin-off of FedEx Freight weighs heavily
Kalmar recorded a 22% growth in new orders in the third quarter
Helsinki
Turnover stable. Net profit down 14%.
In the third quarter, sales of containers produced by CIMC increased by +30%
Hong Kong
Commercial activity driven by dry boxes (+36%). Reefer units dropped by 28%.
Ports, new investments in Tuscany and Sardinia
Livorno/Cagliari
The 2027 budget estimates for the two Port Authorities have been approved. Highlights include the Piombino dock, works in Livorno, and dredging and electrification projects in Sardinian ports.
Finding qualified personnel in Italian ports is increasingly difficult.
Naples
An analysis by Randstad Research of 13 professional profiles also highlights a marked gender imbalance
COSCO Shipping Ports reports record third-quarter revenue
Hong Kong
In the July-September period, net profit was 102.5 million dollars (+3.4%)
Approval for the 2027 budget forecast and the 2027-2029 POT of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority.
Gioia Tauro
The forecast document shows revenues of approximately 24 million euros and expenses of approximately 88 million
Ravenna native Bongiovanni confirmed as president of the Federagenti Youth Committee.
Rome
Renewal of the federation's board of directors
The 2027-2029 Three-Year Operational Plan for the Central Adriatic Port System has been approved.
Ancona
308 million euros of investments are planned, of which 218 million for the Marche region and 91 million for Abruzzo.
The 2027 budget forecast for the Western Liguria Port Authority has been approved.
Genoa
New surcharge on goods postponed to 2028
DP World opens a temperature-controlled warehouse near Bologna
Bologna
Surface area of 22 thousand square meters
Saipem wins two new offshore drilling contracts
Milan
The total value of the orders is approximately 121 million dollars.
Hanwha brings Philadelphia Naval Shipyard under Defense Division control
Arlington
The goal is to integrate the construction of commercial and military ships
The Ports of La Spezia and Carrara approve the 2027-2029 Three-Year Public Works Program and the 2027 Budget.
La Spezia
Pisano: PTLP concrete and consistent with currently available resources
Port concessions: Regional Administrative Court (TAR) blocks 2025 fee increase
Rome
The appeal of Assiterminal and sixteen port companies has been accepted.
Wärtsilä sees quarterly order increases, but not in the Marine segment
Helsinki
In the period July-September the company recorded a net profit of 125 million euros (-31%)
Montaresi appointed general secretary of the Eastern Ligurian Sea Port Authority for another four years.
La Spezia
Renewal of office on the proposal of President Pisano
Double ceremony for two Explora Journeys ships at the Fincantieri shipyard in Genoa
Genoa
Launch of "Explora V" and coin ceremony of "Explora VI"
Italian CMD passes under the control of the UAE group EDGE
Abu Dhabi/Rome
Cousins Mariano and Giorgio Negri retain a significant shareholding
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority presents the new layout of the port of Piombino.
Livorno
Gariglio: A concrete step towards industrial reconversion and the future of Piombino.
FS Logistix has purchased six new CZ LOKO locomotives for freight and shunting services
Rome/Prague
This is the fourth order of this type for the Czech company in ten years.
Port of Bremerhaven: The cruise ship Mein Schiff 3 collided with two container ships.
Bremen
No injuries. The cruise was canceled.
Paolo Moretti has been appointed CEO of RINA Spa.
Genoa
Giosuè Vezzuto has assumed the role of CEO of RINA Services
HD Hyundai and Kiewit to establish joint venture at new shipyard in the US
Houston/Seoul
The construction of both military and commercial vessels is planned
Konecranes' quarterly port equipment orders decline as revenue increases
Helsinki
Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
A conference on the present and future of Motorways of the Sea in Italy will take place in Ravenna on November 17th.
Ravenna
In 1991 the Ravenna-Catania maritime line began
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
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