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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVI - Number 6/98 - JUNE 1998

River Transport

L'ascesa del trasporto fluviale

Ad aprile è stata immessa in servizio lungo il Reno la più grande chiatta portacontainers mai costruita, la Jowi da 398 TEU. Lo scorso anno, il 36% dei contenitori presso la ECT Delta Terminals sul Maasvlakte di Rotterdam - ovvero 200.000 unità - è stato trasportato da e per l'hinterland per mezzo di chiatte. Ciò ha costituito un aumento del 20% rispetto al 1996; il resto del trasporto è avvenuto via strada (48%) e via rotaia (16%).

Complessivamente, il 37% dei contenitori movimentati internamente nel 1997 attraverso i terminals ECT Delta e Home ha viaggiato su chiatta. Nel 1996, la quota era stata del 29%. La diversificazione modale avvenuta negli altri terminals contenitori di Rotterdam e dei Paesi Bassi ha mostrato uno sviluppo dalle medesime caratteristiche: un forte incremento della quota della navigazione interna.

L'Associazione Olandese Armatori del Reno e della Navigazione Interna stima che adesso vengano trasportati su chiatte 1,5 milioni di TEU all'anno, la metà dei quali circa fanno su e giù sul Reno; l'altra metà ha Anversa quale punto di origine e destinazione. Altri 100-150.000 TEU vengono trasportati all'interno dei Paesi Bassi. Ogni anno il numero dei contenitori movimentati su chiatta cresce di più del 10%.

Con la crescita del trasporto su chiatta containerizzato, la struttura del traffico in questione è cambiata. Originariamente gli armatori e gli operatori di chiatte agivano più o meno come un tutt'uno. Al giorno d'oggi queste due funzioni sono in gran parte distinte. L'operatore affitta la nave, organizza le partenze ed è responsabile della logistica. Secondo Ton Roos, direttore generale della CBRB, più o meno una decina di grossi operatori controlla il 90% circa del traffico. Questi grossi operatori sono di proprietà di grandi società, per lo più di origine tedesca.

Le forze nuove nel traffico containerizzato su chiatta sono rappresentate dai terminals terrestri e dalle imprese di autotrasporto. E' probabile, ad esempio, che la ECT possa mirare ad agire quale operatore di chiatte una volta inaugurato il proprio terminal terrestre di Duisburg. Roos afferma che questi operatori logistici hanno fatto il proprio ingresso nel settore del trasporto fluviale con idee nuove e hanno reso il traffico più dinamico di quanto non sia mai stato prima.

La svolta della CCS

Uno dei maggiori operatori containerizzati di chiatte è la Combined Container Service Gmbh & Co. KG, quella che ha immesso in servizio la Jowi. La società in questione appartiene alla RS Partnership AG di Duisburg (60%), alla Lehnkering AG di Duisburg (20%) ed alla Erich Kieserling di Brema (20%). Lo scorso anno la CCS ha trasportato 232.000 TEU lungo il Reno, la Schelda ed il Danubio. L'ultimo servizio inaugurato prevede anche il trasporto di containers via rotaia (il "Nachtsprung") da Ludwigshafen e Regensburg. Presso entrambi i porti citati, la CCS dispone di terminal containers propri, così come avviene a Coblenza e Francoforte. La CCS è poi azionista di terminals contenitori a Emmerich ed a Valenciennes, in Francia.

Attualmente, la CCS offre quattro partenze alla settimana da Rotterdam ed Anversa alla volta dell'Alto Reno (Strasburgo e Basilea), tre partenze sia da Rotterdam che da Basilea alla volta del Medio Reno (Bonn - Karlsruhe) e cinque da Rotterdam e tre da Anversa alla volta dei porti del Basso Reno.

La storia della CCS illustra l'ascesa del trasporto containerizzato su chiatte. Il direttore Jos W. Denis spiega che la sua società aveva cominciato l'attività nel 1976 con una sola nave dalla capacità di appena 24 TEU. In seguito, vennero le navi da 54 TEU, poi quelle da 72 TEU; in seguito al rialzo della timoniera, le ultime navi erano state portate sino alla capacità di 108 TEU. Circa 10 anni fa, la nave da 208 TEU (lunga 110 metri e larga 11.40 metri) è diventata il tipo di battello renano visto più frequentemente.

Da allora, non molto è cambiato, perché - come spiega Denis - le autorità tedesche hanno limitato la lunghezza delle navi ad un massimo di 110 metri. Allo stesso tempo i ponti del Reno non consentono il passaggio a più di 4 TEU sovrapposti. La possibilità di aumentare la larghezza non è stata presa in considerazione, poiché essa comporterebbe la diminuzione della velocità. La soluzione è stata, quindi, lo sviluppo di servizi di chiatte a spinta.

Alcuni anni fa, dopo lunghe trattative tra l'operatore e le autorità tedesche, la CTG ha introdotto in servizio la Myriam, una nave di lunghezza pari a 125 metri e con capacità di 232 TEU. La CTG ha destinato questa nave al servizio per Germersheim sul Medio Reno, ma ci sono volute lunghe discussioni con le autorità tedesche prima di ottenere il permesso di effettuare viaggi su tale tratta. In seguito è arrivata la Neuburg, gestita dalla CCS, anch'essa lunga 125 metri e con capacità di 272 metri.

L'iniziativa di costruire una nave di capacità pari a 398 TEU è dovuta all'armatore della nave Henk Wanders. Wanders era convinto della bontà di quest'idea e ha tentato di convincere Denis della sua fattibilità. Wanders voleva assicurarsi la disponibilità di un contratto di noleggio prima di affidare l'ordinazione di costruire la nave. Denis ha confessato di avere avuto qualche dubbio circa il fatto che la nave potesse lavorare a pieno carico, ma di avere poi deciso di osare e di correre il rischio, sulla base della crescita da lui sperimentata nel trasporto containerizzato su chiatte fino a quel momento.

Le tariffe di nolo marittimo sono divenute talmente a buon mercato, forse a causa della pressione concorrenziale dovuta alle economie di scala, che volumi sempre maggiori di merci a basso valore - quali la torba e la carta usata - vengono manipolati e trasportati in containers. Queste derrate, che non possono sostenere costi di trasporto elevati, sono quasi automaticamente spedite via chiatta. Questo è un altro elemento di rapida crescita nel trasporto containerizzato su chiatta quale modalità rispetto alle altre.

La Jowi è stata costruita dai cantieri navali olandesi Breko. La nave mono-scafo ha una capacità di 5.600 tonnellate ed è in grado di trasportare 398 TEU su quattro strati e 470 TEU su cinque strati. I containers vengono caricati su sei file affiancate. Questa larghezza comporta conseguenze per la scelta dei terminals che possono essere scalati dalla Jowi, nonché per le procedure di carico, dal momento che non tutte le gru dei terminals-chiatte sono in grado di raggiungere la larghezza di sei unità, spiega Denis. La nuova nave sarà impiegata in un servizio triangolare che collega Rotterdam, Anversa ed i porti renani tedeschi di Bonn, Coblenza, Ludwigshaven e Worth (di fronte a Karlsruhe). Poiché le gru di Bonn e Coblenza non riescono ad allontanarsi molto dalle banchine, i contenitori da e per questi porti vengono caricati nelle file esterne, mentre i contenitori da e per Ludwigshaven e Worth vengono piazzati nelle file interne della nave.

Ci si aspetta che la forte crescita del trasporto containerizzato su chiatta continui. Secondo Ton Roos della CBRB, il problema delle limitazioni per le navi sull'Alto Reno sono stati ora risolti. Perciò, la maggior parte del Reno può essere servita da grandi navi.

In conseguenza di ciò, gli operatori terminalistici degli scali marittimi stanno prendendo più sul serio gli operatori di chiatte. Secondo Roos, oggi gli operatori marittimi sono piò propensi a stipulare accordi.

Ad esempio, al fine di incrementare la movimentazione delle chiatte containerizzate, la ECT si sta preparando ad istituire un centro di coordinamento delle chiatte. Roos afferma che presso il terminal contenitori sul programmato Second Maasvlakte il trasporto fluviale dovrebbe essere considerato "la prima modalità" di trasporto interno.
(da: Cargo Systems, maggio 1998)

FROM THE HOME PAGE
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Port Marghera, okay to renewal of concession at Terminal Intermodal Venice
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It will expire in 2050. Approved the 2023 budget of the AdSP of the Northern Adriatic
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Exceptional first quarter of year for Royal Caribbean Cruises
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Historic record of passengers embarked. Spike in economic performance for the period. Liberty : The one in progress is the best wave season in history
In the third quarter of 2023 the traffic in goods in EU ports decreased by -6.5%
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The loads at landing and boarding dropped by -7.2% and -5.4%, respectively.
The performance of Bureau Veritas in the shipping and offshore sector is growing.
Paris
Record of order book and fleet value in class
Approved the 2023 consuntive budget of the AdSP of the Northern Tirreno Sea
Livorno
Le Aziende informano
ABB fornirà la sua soluzione per il Cold - Ironing nel Porto Internazionale di Portsmouth
The MSC Group presents an offer to buy the Gram Car Carriers, the world's third largest carrier in the PCTC segment
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At the construction site Fincantieri in Marghera the varo of the Norwegian cruise ship Norwegian Aqua
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Paolo Guidi has been named general manager of CMA CGM Italy
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HHLA will acquire 51% of the capital of Austrian intermodal transport company Roland Spedition
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Hamburg
Its network connects ports in Hamburg, Antwerp, Bremerhaven, Koper, Rotterdam and Trieste.
Kuehne + Nagel's downward trend in economic performance continues.
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Schindellegi
In growth the handling of volumes of sea and air shipments
ESPO points out issues to be addressed in order to enable European ports to face the next challenges
Brussels
Memorandum in view of the European elections in June
The Port of Barcelona has established new historical records of monthly and quarterly container traffic
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Fincantieri has delivered the new cruise ship Queen Anne to Cunard
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Concordate with Princess Cruises the postponement of the delivery of the Star Princess
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Protocollo d'intesa tra l'Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mare di Sicilia Occidentale e l'Escola Europea di Intermodal Transport
International shipping associations call for help at U.N. to protect shipping
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Solicited a greater military presence, missions and patrols. The world-they write in a letter to Guterres-would be outraged if four airliners were seized.
In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
The Cairo
Net tonnage of the naviglio down -59.8% percent. Drastic reduction of -53% of the value of transit fees
The World Shipping Council points to the EU the way to support the economy and trade
Brussels
Butler : We urge the Union to work together with us to safeguard a sustainable, competitive and safe maritime sector
In Norway, the construction of the world's two largest hydrogen-powered ferries
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Brønnøysund / Gursken
Order of Torghatten company at the shipyard Myklebust
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Strong increase (+ 29.0%) of feeder ships departing from the Dutch stopover to the Mediterranean ports
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St. Petersburg
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Round table with representatives of the institutions of the European Union
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CMA CGM Air Cargo announces its first transpacific line
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Visual Sailing List
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Hedehusene
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Approved the consuntive budget 2023 of the AdSP of the Sardinia Sea
Cagliari
An administration surplus of 530 million euros, of which more than 475 tied for works in progress
US imports of dangerous goods have been penalized during the pandemic.
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Survey by the Government Accountability Office
In 2023 CEPIM-Parma's Interport recorded a growth of 6.8% of the value of production
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Atlanta
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Grendi has perfected the purchase of the ship Wedellsborg
Milan
It will be renamed with the name of "Grenching Futura"
Grimaldi consolidates its presence in China with new headquarters in Shanghai
Naples / Shanghai
Inaugurates the offices of the Grimaldi Shipping Agency Shanghai
Approved the 2023 consuntive budget of the Western Ligure Sea AdSP
Genoa
The new endowment of the institution's organic plant provides for 50 hires, including three managerial positions
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It has been installed in Stagnoni locations
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Geneva / Lindale
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Livorno
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Rome
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Algeciras
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Valencia
In March, the increase was 15.7% percent.
The Spezia and Carrara try to break down the bell towers and solicit cooperation at the ports of Genoa and Savona
The Spezia
Switzerland and Switzerland cut trade between Italy and Switzerland.
Bern
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About thirty minor injuries among passengers
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The outer Levant dock of the Arbatax port has returned fully operational
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Los Angeles
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Zurich
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Salerno
USB Mare and Porti, what's going on in the port of Salerno is the result of pressure from shipowners
Euronav sells its own ship management company to Anglo-Eastern
Antwerp / Hong Kong
Manages the fleet of tanker ships of the Antwerp company
Genoa Shipbuilding Industries has acquired a submersible barge of the cargo capacity of 14,000 tonnes
Genoa
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Venice Cold Stores & Logistics obtains the qualification of tax warehouse for wines and sparkling
Venice
Extension of the services offered to companies in the wine sector
Gasparate urges to exempt property of interports from payment of the Imu
Nola
President of the Union Interports Reunited warned that with the PNRR construction sites the railway intermodality is at risk
Hapag-Lloyd plans future investments to expand business in the terminal and intermode sectors
Hamburg
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Long Beach
In March, the increase was 8.3% percent.
Delivery of the work of consolidation of the foranea dam of the port of Catania
Catania
Procurement of the value of 75 million euros
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Tomorrow in Livorno a conference on the history of the city port
Livorno
It will be talked about architecture, trade and politics between the XVI and the twentieth century
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'
(Reuters)
Le transport maritime national navigue à vue
(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
Roma, 27 ottobre 2023
››› File
Plan to improve in Genoa and Savona the rail links with cruise terminals and airport
Genoa
It was presented today in the Ligurian capital
From 10 to May 12 at Spezia will be held "DePortibus-The festival of ports that connect the world"
The Spezia
The programme provides for technical events and cultural proposals
Three new STS cranes have arrived in the Kenyan port of Lamu.
Mombasa
They will be able to work on container ships of the capacity of over 18mila teu
One hundred new IVECO trucks powered by HVO in the Smet fleet
Turin
They will be taken over in the course of this year
In the first three months of this year, goods transported by rail between China and Europe increased by 10% percent.
Beijing
Operated 4,541 trains (+ 9%)
In the first quarter of 2024, container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by -2.3%
Hong Kong
In March, the decline was -10.6% percent.
The regasification terminal FSRU Toscana left Livorno direct to Genoa
Livorno
In the Ligurian scalp and then in Marseille maintenance interventions will be carried out
Confirmed to Tugchiers Meeting Port of Genoa the granting of trailer services in the port of Genoa
Genoa
Planned investment of 35 million euros to renovate fleet
In the first quarter of 2024, OOIL revenues decreased by -9.0%
Hong Kong
Containers carried by the OOCL fleet increased by 3.4%
Mattioli (Federation of the Sea) relaunches the propulsive role of maritime clusters
Rome
Today, the National Sea Day and the marinara culture are celebrated
In the first quarter of 2024, the revenues of Yang Ming and WHL grew by 18.5% and 8.1%
Keelung / Taipei
In March the increments were equal to 20.3% and 8.6%
In 2023 the freight traffic handled by the State Railways Group fell by -2.0%
Rome
The Logistics Pole posted a net loss of -80 million euros, up 63 million euros.
Port of Genoa, inaugurated new rooms of Stella Maris at Maritime stations
Genoa
They are intended for the welfare and socialization of seafarers in transit in the Superba
Germany's Dachser has acquired the compatriate Brummer Logistik
Kempten
The company specializes in the logistics of perishable products
In the first quarter of 2024, Evergreen's revenues increased by 32.6% percent.
Taipei
In March, the increase was 36.5% percent.
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