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16 September 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
03:38 GMT+2
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FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Rapporto Federazione del Mare/Censis
Economia del Mare e Sviluppo del Paese

FEDERAZIONE DEL MARE

Presidente ALDO GRIMALDI

Roma, 7 novembre 1996
CNEL


Aldo Grimaldi La realizzazione di una ricerca così approfondita sull'economia marittima e le sue diverse componenti è una novità che voglio sottolineare, perché fornisce a tutti -addetti ai lavori ed opinione pubblica non specializzata- gli elementi di base per impostare e valutare con cognizione di causa gli interventi di politica marittima, generale e settoriale.

E' significativo, del resto, che la Commissione Europea abbia avviato una analoga indagine sull'impatto economico e sociale della navigazione, estesa a tutti gli Stati Membri, affidandone la realizzazione al centro di ricerca condotto dal Prof.Peeters, uno dei relatori che la Federazione del Mare ha opportunamente invitato a questo convegno.

Ciò vuol dire che in Europa, ai più elevati livelli istituzionali, ci si pone il problema di precisare le dimensioni economiche delle attività marittime e la loro dinamica in relazione al resto dell'economia, un'operazione propedeutica ad ogni serio progetto di definizione complessiva della politica marittima, tanto sul piano europeo che su quello nazionale.

Si tratta peraltro di un'operazione nient'affatto facile, data la complessa articolazione delle attività di impresa marittima e -per certi versi- la loro eterogeneità: una eterogeneità, a ben vedere, più apparente che reale, posto che -come ha efficacemente messo in luce il collega d'Amico- esiste una profonda comunanza di problemi, di interessi, di valori, che unisce tutti gli imprenditori del mare ed è legata, da una lato, alla specialità sotto il profilo tecnico e culturale dell'attività sul mare; dall'altro, alla forte internazionalizzazione dei mercati di riferimento ed a quanto ciò comporta in termini di conduzione di impresa in un ambiente fortemente concorrenziale.

L'indagine del Censis conferma che la parte prevalente dell'economia del mare ruota attorno al trasporto per nave di merci e passeggeri e, quindi, attorno alla flotta mercantile, che -sia pure con quote progressivamente cedenti - resta il primo fornitore di servizi di trasporto marittimo al Sistema Italia.

L'analisi del Censis mette bene in luce questa circostanza, attribuendo un valore elevato (superiore a 3) al moltiplicatore del reddito riferibile alla navigazione mercantile, e mettendo così in evidenza come l'andamento di questa attività si rifletta con amplificazioni molto significative sulle altre branche dell'economia.

Scorrere le tabelle dei costi intermedi predisposte dai ricercatori, ove sono quantificati in dettaglio gli approvvigionamenti diretti della navigazione mercantile dalle altre branche dell'economia, è molto istruttivo, a mio parere: nel 1994 tali acquisti sarebbero ammontati nel complesso a quasi 13.000 miliardi di lire ed avrebbero dato lavoro ad oltre 50.000 addetti nell'industria manifatturiera e nei servizi:

  • acquisti per 4.700 miliardi sono stati effettuati presso i fornitori di servizi ausiliari dei trasporti (tra i quali le imprese di agenzia e intermediazione marittima e le imprese terminaliste portuali);
  • per 4.000 miliardi, presso le industrie petrolifere;
  • per 1.200 miliardi, presso l'industria cantieristica;
  • per 190 miliardi, presso gli istituti di credito;
  • per 180 miliardi, presso le imprese di assicurazione;
  • 150 miliardi sono stati spesi per servizi ricreativi e culturali ed altri 100 miliardi per gli approvvigionamenti di carne.

Come vedete, l'impatto economico dell'esercizio della navigazione mercantile è quanto mai ampio e diversificato.

Per questo tengo in modo particolare a dare un'immagine più definita dell'armamento nazionale, che ho l'onore di rappresentare.

La flotta italiana presenta ad inizio '96 una consistenza di 8.800.000 tonnellate di stazza lorda, di cui 1.900.000 costituite da naviglio temporaneamente in locazione a scafo nudo all'estero.

Essa occupa il sesto posto per capacità di trasporto controllata tra le flotte della Unione Europea ed il sedicesimo tra quelle mondiali (il ventesimo se si considera soltanto la flotta sotto bandiera nazionale).

Una posizione del tutto insoddisfacente, determinata in massima parte dall'indebolimento della componente di naviglio adibita ai servizi di navigazione internazionale, la cui gestione commerciale risulta esposta alla concorrenza delle altre flotte europee e mondiali, che in massima parte godono di condizioni fiscali e retributive più favorevoli, come ha ampiamente riconosciuto il recente Rapporto del Commissario europeo Kinnock per una nuova strategia marittima europea.

In proposito il Rapporto Federazione del Mare/Censis riporta, tra gli approfondimenti, il caso emblematico della Bulkcarrier "Alessandra D'Amato", dal cui dettagliato piano delle entrate e delle uscite per l'anno 1995 risulta un margine operativo lordo negativo per oltre 300 milioni di lire, contro gli 800-900 milioni di lire in positivo che per analogo tipo di nave e a parità di nolo conseguirebbe il concorrente norvegese o greco.

Non stupisce che, in queste condizioni, l'emorragia di naviglio resti costante e sia parzialmente arginata solo dal ricorso al regime del "bare boat charter", cioè di locazione della nave a scafo nudo all'estero: una limitata e temporanea forma di gestione internazionalizzata, la cui applicazione è concertata caso per caso con le organizzazioni sindacali, ed ha consentito a partire dal 1991 di mantenere entro l'ordinamento italiano parte della flotta più esposta alla concorrenza estera.

Ma è assolutamente improcrastinabile adottare misure organiche di revisione del regime della flotta. Tali misure sono da tempo all'esame del Ministero dei Trasporti e della Navigazione e delle Organizzazioni sindacali, ma devono tradursi in tempi brevi in una proposta legislativa.

Più articolata , ma solo in pochi casi davvero soddisfacente, risulta la posizione italiana nelle graduatorie internazionali delle flotte per tipologia di naviglio: l'Italia occupa il terzo posto tra le flotte passeggeri, l'undicesimo tra le flotte cisterniere, il quindicesimo tra le flotte "bulkcarrier" ed il diciassettesimo tra le flotte portacontainer.

La forte posizione italiana nel trasporto di passeggeri va sottolineata, perché conferma nei fatti la forte interrelazione esistente tra differenti branche di attività marittima. Se infatti, l'Italia ha raggiunto una posizione di leadership mondiale nell'industria delle costruzioni di navi passeggeri (ed il Presidente Antonini è testimone e artefice di questo successo), ciò è dipeso non soltanto dalla capacità della nostra cantieristica, ma anche dal dinamismo e dalla capacità di investimento degli armatori italiani del settore.

Sotto il profilo qualitativo, quella italiana si presenta nel complesso come una flotta giovane e tecnologicamente avanzata (il 45% della flotta ha un'età inferiore a 10 anni ed il 28% inferiore a 5 anni). Ciò a seguito del massiccio programma di costruzioni navali avviato dall'armamento a partire dal 1990, che prevede la costruzione di circa 390 nuove navi, per oltre 3.900.000 tonnellate di stazza lorda, e risulta realizzato già per oltre tre quarti.

Permettetemi di fornire qualche numero.

Tra il 1990 e il 1995 sono state varate:

  • oltre 90 navi da carico liquido, incluse diverse decine di gassiere e chimichiere e petroliere a doppio scafo
  • 30 navi da carico secco
  • 90 navi passeggeri, tra cui 14 navi da crociera e 22 navi traghetto, ad elevatissimo valore aggiunto
  • 90 navi per servizi ausiliari

A queste si aggiungono importanti operazioni di trasformazione di navi esistenti.

L'impegno finanziario complessivo è stato di oltre 8.500 miliardi di lire. Investimenti per altri 7.500 miliardi sono in via di realizzazione da qui al 2000.

Applicando il valore di Moltiplicatore del reddito definito dal Censis per il settore, pari a 3,14, ciò significa che, nell'arco dell'ultimo decennio di questo secolo, l'Armamento avrà attivato risorse nel complesso dell'economia nazionale per oltre 50.000 miliardi di lire.

Alla navigazione mercantile sono strettamente connesse le attività di impresa di altri due settori che, da sempre, mantengono legami profondi con l'industria armatoriale e ne rappresentano l'interfaccia con le città costiere ed il loro "hinterland economico": agenzie marittime e imprese portuali

Non è un caso se, dalle analisi del Censis, la branca dei "servizi ausiliari dei trasporti", in cui entrambi i settori si inseriscono, emerge come quella da cui in maggior misura le imprese di trasporto marittimo effettuano acquisti, per un ammontare complessivo che rappresenta ben il 36% dei 13.000 miliardi spesi dalla navigazione nelle altre branche dell'economia.

L'agenzia marittima rappresenta tradizionalmente, ad un tempo, il maggior fornitore ed il maggior cliente dell'impresa di navigazione, sulla base di un rapporto fiduciario con l'armatore che fa dell'agente e del mediatore marittimo figure strategiche nel sistema dei trasporti via mare, quali essenziali anelli di collegamento tra la nave, il suo carico e i porti di scalo.

La figura del terminalista portuale rappresenta invece una novità nel panorama dell'industria marittima, la cui affermazione è stata resa possibile dal processo di riforma degli ordinamenti portuali, risultato -ancora da consolidare- di una lunga battaglia che ha accomunato tutte le imprese utenti dei porti italiani, armatori e agenti marittimi in testa.

Fino a pochi anni fa, infatti, la portualità italiana è stata sinonimo di inefficienza, frutto di una sclerosi del suo assetto pubblicistico e dell'arretratezza delle condizioni operative che ne derivava. Questa situazione ha progressivamente allontanato dai nostri scali i traffici internazionali, ha frenato lo sviluppo delle imprese di navigazione, particolarmente nel settore dei servizi di linea, ed ha precluso per molto tempo una efficace evoluzione in senso multimodale del sistema nazionale dei trasporti, che altrove era già stata realizzata con benefici di rilievo per la competitività complessiva dell'intero sistema produttivo.

Con la privatizzazione delle banchine c'è stata una grande svolta nella produttività e nell'immagine internazionale della portualità italiana.

Il porto è tornato ad essere un fattore di sviluppo per la navigazione mercantile e ciò significa non soltanto crescita economica per le nostre città portuali ma una più elevata capacità di penetrazione del nostro sistema industriale nei mercati mondiali.

Se la quota più consistente dell'economia del mare ruota, come abbiamo visto, attorno al trasporto marittimo, sarebbe un errore trascurare che la navigazione come attività d'impresa non si esaurisce in quella con finalità mercantile, ma che un peso molto significativo, come dimensioni produttive e come ruolo sociale, ha in Italia la navigazione finalizzata alla pesca .

In proposito il Rapporto della Federazione del Mare e del Censis fornisce elementi di grande interesse, situando la pesca al secondo posto tra le attività marittime come valore della produzione (ben 9.000 miliardi nella stima al 1994) ed al primo posto come occupazione diretta con 36.000 addetti.

Risultati particolarmente significativi se si considera che si tratta di una attività del tutto peculiare che, come nessun altro, deve fare i conti con il problema ambientale e della disponibilità delle risorse. Essa infatti non può crescere se non in modo correlato alla disponibilità di risorse ittiche e queste dipendono da eventi che sfuggono in larga parte al controllo delle imprese, con tutte le difficoltà che ne conseguono in termini di stabilità delle prospettive e di programmazione aziendale.

La ridotta pescosità lungo le nostre coste ci obbliga ad emigrare verso altri lidi con problemi e sacrifici rilevanti.

Concludendo: da armatore, quindi anzitutto da uomo innamorato del mare, tanto da averne voluto fare il centro della mia vita di imprenditore, voglio testimoniare oggi la soddisfazione di chi vede condiviso il suo entusiasmo, compreso il significato economico e sociale delle attività marittime, apprezzata la loro rilevanza civile per l'intera collettività nazionale.

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Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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