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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 7-8/99 - JULY-AUGUST 1999

Sea Transport

UASC: la sopravvivenza di un operatore di nicchia

"Dieci anni fa, noi eravamo i numeri uno del mercato del Medio Oriente, e oggi rappresentiamo ancora il più grande operatore della regione". Così ha parlato recentemente Abdulla Mady Al Mady, presidente e dirigente capo della UASC (United Arab Shipping Company) a difesa della strategia operativa della sua compagnia di navigazione.

E la regione del Medio Oriente non è un piccolo mercato. A dispetto dell'attuale recessione, nel 1998 sono transitati da e per la regione più di tre milioni di TEU. La concorrenza per questi carichi è dura, dato che è presente nella zona la maggior parte delle principali linee di navigazione a livello mondiale, di modo che conservare la posizione numero uno nell'ambito del mercato non è un impegno da poco.

In relazione al 1998 non sono stati ancora diffusi i risultati finanziari, ma Jorn Hinge, vice dirigente capo della compagnia di navigazione, ha fatto sapere che la UASC ha movimentato complessivamente 425.000 TEU, esclusi i containers trasportati per conto dei propri soci, e che da ciò si aspettava di realizzare un profitto operativo tra i 40 ed i 45 milioni di dollari USA. Nel 1997 la compagnia ha realizzato un impressionante profitto operativo di 51 milioni di dollari, che rappresentava il 7,5% del fatturato.

La compagnia è stata costituita nel 1976 dai governi dell'Arabia Saudita, del Bahrain, del Qatar, dell'Iraq, del Kuwait e degli Emirati Arabi Uniti e - malgrado una rapida espansione - continua ancora a considerare se stessa come uno specialista del mercato di nicchia. Come spiega Hinge, "non aspiriamo assolutamente a diventare un operatore a livello mondiale, ma soltanto a portare il mondo nel mercato del Medio Oriente".

La compagnia funziona per mezzo di una struttura amministrativa decentrata che fa capo all'ufficio principale in Kuwait. Il suo ufficio di Londra cura l'Europa settentrionale ed il Mediterraneo occidentale, mentre quello di Cranford (nel New Jersey) segue gli Stati Uniti, quello di Singapore tutti i mercati da Colombo all'Asia orientale e Dubai è responsabile dei mercati del Mediterraneo orientale, dell'Africa, della Costa Occidentale India/Pakistan e del Golfo medio-orientale.

Per quanto riguarda il livello operativo vero e proprio, la UASC funziona attraverso una rete di agenti indipendenti, tra cui la Berger & Zoon di Rotterdam e la Killick Martin di Londra. Essa al momento non ha in programma di modificare questo approccio al mercato. In un periodo in cui la tendenza della maggior parte dei principali soggetti odierni è quella di possedere una rete di agenzie proprie, tale politica potrebbe sembrare sorprendente, ma, come argomenta Hinge, "solo perché costruisci automobili, non è detto che tu debba costruirti in proprio anche le gomme".

Anche se l'opinione più diffusa è che le agenzie proprie mettono in grado i vettori marittimi di fornire servizi da porta a porta migliori, Hinge ribatte: "La maggior parte dei nostri clienti non desidera servizi da porta a porta completi, a dispetto delle grandi affermazioni in senso contrario, e comunque - laddove essi lo volessero - saremmo in grado di fornirglieli". Bisogna dire, in effetti, che la maggior parte dei termini di acquisto/vendita nella regione sembrerebbero ancora essere CIF o FOB (cioè, non da porta a porta). Hinge, tuttavia, deve ammettere che, nell'ambito del mercato odierno, le reti di agenzie indipendenti hanno bisogno di essere coordinate molto meglio di prima, particolarmente per quanto riguarda la logistica interna.

In relazione ai traffici containerizzati est-ovest, la UASC opera nel contesto della United Alliance insieme alla Cho Yang, alla DSR-Senator ed alla Hanjin Shipping Co (v. Tabella 1). In cambio di spazi-containers dall'Europa all'Asia, alla Costa Orientale U.S.A. ed al Golfo medio-orientale, nonché dall'Asia al Mediterraneo, la UASC offre spazi-containers dall'Asia al Golfo medio-orientale e dal Nord Europa al Golfo medio-orientale.

Comunque, qual è il passaporto per il successo della compagnia di navigazione in un mercato così difficile? La chiara identificazione del marchio è senza dubbio un'importante caratteristica. Come spiega Mady al Mahdy, "concentrandoci sul nostro mercato di origine della regione medio-orientale, siamo in grado di assicurare una gamma di servizi più completa di quella di qualsiasi altro operatore. Siamo ben affermati in tutta la regione e comprendiamo le esigenze dei nostri clienti".

Continua Mahdy: "Ad esempio, noi forniamo la maggior parte dei servizi di raccordo in ambito regionale, il che è importante".

Precisa Hinge: "Non si dovrebbe sottostimare neanche l'importanza dei nostri servizi rinfusieri. Molti dei nostri clienti hanno bisogno di servizi sia containerizzati che rinfusieri e noi siamo uno dei pochi operatori ad essere ancora in grado di fornirli entrambi".

TABELLA 1
I SERVIZI DELLA UNITED ARAB SHIPPING COMPANY
ServizioRotta FrequenzaNavi / Note
AECNord Europa / Medio Oriente / India / Pakistan / Asia Settimanale10 da 3.800 TEU
MIXMediterraneo / Mar Rosso / Medio Oriente / Pakistan / India Settimanale7 da 2.100 TEU
AMAMediterraneo / Mar Rosso / Medio Oriente /Asia SettimanaleSpazi swap
con la UA
FeederNell'ambito del Golfo medio-orientale Settimanale2 da 860 TEU
RinfuseNord Europa / Mediterraneo / Mar Rosso / Medio Oriente 3 al mesemultipurpose
Asia / Medio Oriente / Asia 1,5 al meseMultipurpose
Costa Orientale U.S.A. / Medio Oriente / Costa Orientale U.S.A. MensileMultipurpose
Note: UA = United Alliance
Fonte: UASC

La sua flotta di 31 navi multipurpose da 23.800 tonnellate della classe K a questo riguardo costituisce una forza formidabile. Continua Hinge: "Arrivano nel Golfo grossi quantitativi di carichi speciali, quali le attrezzature destinate alle raffinerie ed agli oleodotti, che non possono essere containerizzati facilmente. Alcuni clienti, inoltre, richiedono altresì che i carichi containerizzati ed alla rinfusa vengano spediti con una sola polizza di carico". Nel 1998, i servizi rinfusieri hanno rappresentato il 30% circa dei profitti della compagnia di navigazione. Una fonte di preoccupazione a tale proposito potrebbe essere costituita dal fatto che le navi di questo tipo stanno diventando vecchie, avendo tra i 19 ed i 24 anni di età, di modo che presto dovranno essere rimpiazzate.

Nei piani di sopravvivenza della compagnia al momento in atto, una parte rilevante rivestono i provvedimenti finalizzati al taglio dei costi. Sono stati realizzati notevoli risparmi mediante l'acquisizione di navi più grandi, la riduzione del subappalto all'esterno delle attività, il miglioramento del controllo dei contenitori ed una migliore utilizzazione delle navi. La compagnia, inoltre, utilizza sempre meno tonnellaggio noleggiato, com'è testimoniato dalla consegna lo scorso anno delle 10 navi da 3.800 TEU menzionate in precedenza.

Una ulteriore prova dell'impegno della UASC nell'armamento in proprio è costituita dall'introduzione, nell'ottobre dello scorso anno, di un nuovo servizio dal Mediterraneo al Golfo medio-orientale (MIX), che impiega sette delle navi da 2.199 TEU in precedenza utilizzate nell'ambito del proprio schema AEC. Come sottolinea Hinge, "altrimenti, queste navi avremmo dovuto venderle o noleggiarle ad altri".

Come accade per tutti i programmi di viaggio della compagnia, il servizio MIX scala il porto-nodo di Khor Fakkan (negli Emirati Arabi Uniti), appena fuori dello stretto di Hormuz, ma - a differenza degli altri casi - poi si dirige alla volta dell'India e del Pakistan. Così facendo, esso non solo migliora la copertura diretta del mercato da parte della compagnia, ma fa sì che gli altri servizi della UASC possano altresì utilizzare il collegamento feeder da Khor Fakkan a Karachi/Jawarhlal Nehru. La UASC si aspetta di risparmiare in questo modo da 6 a 10 milioni di dollari all'anno sui costi di raccordo.

Il principale porto della UASC nella regione del Golfo è Dubai. Essa attualmente scala il terminal di Port Rashid, ma è in trattative con l'Autorità Portuale di Dubai riguardo ad un possibile trasferimento al terminal di Jebel Ali.

La compagnia aveva preso in considerazione la possibilità di raccordare i carichi per Dubai tramite il nuovo terminal di Salalah, ma ha scoperto che quest'ultimo è troppo costoso. Come spiega Hinge, "anche se avevamo calcolato di poter eliminare una nave dal servizio AEC escludendo lo scalo a Dubai, risultava peraltro che il relativo risparmio sarebbe stato sopravanzato dai costi di raccordo aggiuntivi".

Tornando al lato commerciale dell'attività della compagnia, Mady Al Mady ha confermato che gli operatori globali vengono visti come una minaccia per il futuro della UASC, anche se non propriamente come una minaccia mortale. Chiarisce Hinge: "Noi non pensiamo in realtà che queste linee di navigazione possano contrastare la nostra esperienza e la nostra gamma di servizi nel mercato medio-orientale. Può darsi che ci siano alcuni grossi clienti che abbiano intenzione di fare a meno di noi a causa della necessità di dialogare con un numero minore di fornitori di servizio, ovvero di conseguire i benefici derivanti dalla contrattazione globale, ma ve ne sono molti altri che ancora sembrano volere specialisti come noi".

Hinge affronta la questione del commercio elettronico grosso modo nello stesso modo: "Anche se riconosciamo che gli scambi elettronici in futuro diverranno una realtà, e quindi stiamo facendo i passi appropriati al fine di far sì che la nostra compagnia non rimanga indietro a questo riguardo, bisogna dire che la maggior parte dei nostri clienti preferisce ancora dialogare con noi per telefono o fax". Detto ciò, praticamente tutti i sistemi di registrazione interna e di trattamento dei dati della società vengono ora fatti funzionare elettronicamente, come accade nella maggioranza delle altre linee di navigazione.

Come altri vettori marittimi, Hinge prevede che il futuro delle conferenze di linea sarà caratterizzato da una qual certa incertezza: "Noi facciamo ancora parte di alcune conferenze, come l'EMERA (Accordo Tariffario Europa/Medio Oriente), poiché esse forniscono a linee di navigazione come noi una struttura per farci cooperare, in particolar modo in relazione alle tariffe ausiliarie. Noi, tuttavia, abbiamo bisogno di apportare degli aggiustamenti ad alcune delle nostre relazioni".

Riguardo al futuro assetto finanziario della UASC, Mady Al Mady ha avvertito che non vi sono programmi nell'immediato finalizzati a fusioni con altre società od alla creazione di nuove compagnie, malgrado i suoi profitti siano calati del 16% rispetto all'anno precedente e vi siano poche prospettive di una pronta, significativa ripresa nell'attività del trasporto marittimo di linea a livello mondiale. C'è stato un momento in cui la UASC aveva pensato di fondere le proprie operazioni con quelle della NSCSA (National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia), ma non se ne era fatto nulla a causa della preferenza della NSCSA per i servizi di tipo ro-ro. Per un po', comunque, le due compagnie avevano effettuato un servizio transatlantico congiunto.

Circa la questione delle fusioni in generale, Mady Al Mady riflette: "Noi pensiamo che la compagnia possa sopravvivere anche senza". Il tempo dirà se avrà avuto ragione. Un fattore importante della forza finanziaria della compagnia può essere il fatto che non occorre provvedere ad alcun accantonamento destinato al pagamento di tasse societarie, sebbene Hinge abbia sottolineato che si debbano pagare costi sociali più elevati per il fatto di avere sede nel Golfo medio-orientale.

Riguardo al futuro, una speranza per la compagnia può essere costituita dalla eventuale riapertura del mercato iraniano che, con una popolazione complessiva di più di 60 milioni di persone, fa apparire piccoli tutti gli altri Paesi del Golfo messi assieme (più o meno 25 milioni di persone). Gli americani stanno attualmente discutendo l'ipotesi di abolire le sanzioni agricole nei confronti dell'Iran, di modo che vi è spazio per l'ottimismo.

Anche l'Iraq potrebbe costituire una futura speranza, dato che questo Paese era solito assicurare il 30% circa dell'attività della UASC prima dell'inizio delle ostilità con il Kuwait poco meno di 10 anni fa. Sebbene il Paese sia ancora politicamente instabile, vi è la sensazione tra gli altri Stati arabi che le sanzioni commerciali su altre derrate potrebberoo essere presto abolite.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 1999)

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Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
In Spain, €11.8 million in eco-incentives have been allocated for the use of motorways of the sea.
Madrid
163,672 shipments made by 32 companies subsidized
ABB has signed an agreement to buy Norwegian marine automation company Høglund.
Zurich
The Tønsberg-based company's integrated automation system is currently installed on over 600 vessels.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for the redevelopment of the ro-ro docks
Gioia Tauro
Worth 5.6 million euros, the works will last 210 days
Grimaldi confirms the important role of the port of Catania in its strategies
Catania
The aim is to increase services and make existing ones even more efficient.
Annual growth of +6% in cruise traffic and +2% in ferry traffic is expected in the Adriatic
Venice
It is the only Mediterranean region to have recorded a decline in cruises in the period 2019-2025
PSA Padova established to develop and manage the Padua intermodal terminal
Padua
The shareholders of Interporto Padova and Padova Hall have approved the merger plan
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
Spediporto has opened its own representative office in Hong Kong
Genoa
Giachero: the opening of this desk is also an opportunity for young people
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