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02 October 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 7-8/2002 - JULY/AUGUST 2002

Trasporto intermodale

Il mercato intermodale tedesco

Il mercato intermodale tedesco è il luogo dove tutto avviene: o, almeno, dove avviene gran parte di ciò che succede nel settore. Dopo anni di dominio del mercato da parte di un piccolo numero di grandi vettori intermodali di estrazione ferroviaria, adesso nuovi arrivati stanno portando la sfida alla vecchia guardia. Allo stesso tempo, ci si aspettano iniziative di partecipazioni incrociate al fine di consolidare due degli operatori tradizionali da tempo sulla piazza, il che consentirebbe loro di espandersi.

La Commissione Europea ha dato il via libera all'ingresso nel mercato dei fornitori di servizi intermodali minori appartenenti a privati e c'è la proposta di una completa liberalizzazione del trasporto merci ferroviario nell'ambito dell'Unione Europea per il 2006-2008. Infine, il concetto del trasporto di contenitori sulle lunghe distanze per ferrovia in luogo della strada, sia all'interno della Germania che attraverso i suoi confini, sta conquistando sempre maggior favore presso gli spedizionieri e le imprese multinazionali con esigenze di logistica della catena delle forniture.

La proposta relativa agli oneri previsti per il trasporto stradale (nota come MAUT) potrebbe conferire ulteriore forza all'intermodalismo ferroviario in Germania. Si tratta di un provvedimento mirato ad introdurre oneri sull'autotrasporto a seconda delle distanze percorse sulle autostrade. Andrea Schmidt, direttore della Hoyer Railserv (la divisione ferroviaria intermodale del gruppo Hoyer, specialista in logistica e containers cisterna), dichiara: "Molti autotrasportatori tedeschi stanno adesso cercando di convertire l'uso dei propri mezzi ai traffici su corta distanza, utilizzando la ferrovia per quelli a lunga distanza. Ciò darà impulso al trasporto intermodale". Se dovesse cambiare il governo federale a settembre di quest'anno, il MAUT potrebbe essere abbandonato. Altrimenti, esso dovrebbe entrare in vigore nel corso del 2003.

La Hoyer Railserv non è esattamente un nuovo arrivato, avendo sviluppato il proprio coinvolgimento nel settore ferroviario sin dal 1999, quando diede inizio ad un servizio di navetta per il trasporto di contenitori da Amburgo alla vicina Brunsbuttel, successivamente esteso fino a Colonia ed a Lubecca. Confida Schmidt: "Abbiamo varie iniziative in corso, e presto sarò in grado di rivelarne i particolari. Il mercato ferroviario intermodale adesso è in una fase di apertura, e ci sono maggiori opportunità per un coinvolgimento delle società private come noi".

Una delle partecipazioni della Hoyer Railserv è quella alla Rail4chem, una joint venture tra BASF, Bertschi e VTH Lehnkering. Essa riguarda la collaborazione in ordine ad un collegamento della Rail4chem dai porti belgi ad un impianto per prodotti chimici della BASF a Schwarzeide, nella Germania orientale.

Mateus Reich, direttore generale della Rail4chem, commenta: "Per la maggior parte dei nostri servizi, il 70% circa della capacità è dedicata al trasporto di carri cisterna, mentre più o meno il 30% attiene a containers e swapbodies. Ma il servizio dai porti belgi alla Germania orientale è dedicato al 100% al trasporto di containers ISO".

Riferisce Reich: "Le società ferroviarie private attualmente hanno il 5,5% del mercato, ma il mercato per loro è in crescita". Spiega poi: "C'è un mutamento di atteggiamento nell'industria tedesca. Adesso si è compreso che le società private che forniscono distribuzione ferroviaria possono essere più competitive sui prezzi e sulla qualità di servizio rispetto ai grossi operatori. Tuttavia, la DB Cargo di proprietà statale è ancora potente. Un fattore a suo vantaggio è che la DB Cargo può fornire treni-blocco completi e capacità consistente in un singolo carro, laddove noi finora possiamo fornire solamente capacità consistente in treni-blocco, il che ci rende difficile essere competitivi. Ora, tuttavia, stiamo cominciando a fornire capacità su carro singolo per movimentare anche containers e swapbodies".

Anche la Eurogate Intermodal, una divisione del gruppo terminale trasporto della Eurogate, sta espandendo le proprie capacità. La società mantiene una piattaforma di servizi che collegano Amburgo e Bremerhaven con la Germania meridionale, l'Italia e l'Europa orientale. Il direttore generale Lars Hedderich riferisce che la sua dirigenza si attende molto dal BoxXpress, il servizio-navetta effettuato congiuntamente con la European Rail Shuttle e la Netlog dai due principali scali marittimi tedeschi alla Germania meridionale.

Continua Hedderich: "Il 1° ottobre 2001 abbiamo ampliato la capacità del BoxXpress del 50% sino ad una capacità annua complessiva di 136.000 TEU ogni anno. Il livello di utilizzazione è estremamente alto". Il servizio è dedicato esclusivamente al trasporto di traffico portuale marittimo, giornalmente dal lunedì al venerdì, e si basa sugli hub intermodali di Monaco, Norimberga e Stoccarda/Korn Westheim nella Germania meridionale. Le consegne da porta a porta sono offerte sia in direzione sud che in direzione nord.

La Eurogate Intermodal ha incrementato i propri trasporti nazionali tedeschi del 15% nel 2001, sebbene si sia verificato un qual certo calo nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero. Asserisce Hedderich: "Nel primo trimestre del 2002, abbiamo generato una crescita del 23% nel traffico internazionale transfrontaliero, dovuto per lo più a sostenute importazioni dall'Ungheria instradate attraverso i porti tedeschi". Egli riferisce altresì di un calo del 9% dei traffici tedeschi nei primi tre mesi dell'anno, ma non gli dà eccessiva importanza: "Prevediamo una forte ripresa dei traffici nazionali tedeschi nella seconda metà del 2002. Siamo assai ottimisti al momento attuale, perché l'intermodalismo in tutta l'Europa adesso sta fornendo buone prestazioni".

Ci sono altri interessi privati inerenti ad operazioni ferroviarie che cercano di raggranellare qualcosa nel mercato tedesco. Un nuovo operatore, la Dillen & LeJeune Cargo, ha stipulato un contratto per trasportare i carichi della BMW da Wackersdorf, in Germania, ad Anversa per conto della Mediterranean Shipping Co, traffico quest'ultimo che in precedenza era trasportato da un certo numero di operatori, tra cui la Transfracht. La Trailstar, vettore di trasporto combinato con sede nei Paesi Bassi, ha inaugurato un nuovo servizio di navette ferroviarie da Rotterdam al porto fluviale tedesco di Duisburg.

Ciononostante, il dominio del mercato ad opera della DB Cargo, della Transfracht International e della Kombiverkehr sembra in procinto di essere rafforzato da due importanti acquisizioni e da operazioni di collaborazione transfrontaliera.

L'impatto comportato dal rilevamento di una quota del 50% della Kombiverkehr da parte della DB Cargo nel 2001 non è ancora chiaro, sebbene fosse probabile che il dott. Werner Maywald, direttore generarle della Kombiverkehr, ne parlasse in occasione di una presentazione al pubblico che era prevista per lo scorso mese di giugno. Nel frattempo, il portavoce dott. Pia-Susan Berger-Bugel ha rivelato che i volumi di traffico complessivi della Kombiverkehr nel 2001 sono aumentati solamente dello 0,2% rispetto all'anno precedente, per un totale di 618.618 consegne, traffico di rollende landstrasse (autostrada viaggiante) escluso.

La Berger-Bugel ha attribuito la quasi mancata crescita dello scorso anno agli attacchi terroristici negli Stati Uniti dell'11 settembre 2001, nonché alle "cattive condizioni dell'economia". Ha poi fatto notare che il 2000 era stata un'annata estremamente buona. L'Italia resta il maggior mercato transfrontaliero da e per la Germania della Kombiverkehr.

Subito dopo l'acquisizione azionaria da parte della DB Cargo nella Kombiverkehr, nel settore erano sorte alcune voci circa il futuro ruolo della Transfracht, che in quel momento era una consociata interamente partecipata dalla DB Cargo. Infatti, ci si è domandato come potesse mutare il livello d'impegno della DB Cargo nella Transfracht. Tuttavia, è da tempo generalmente riconosciuto che la Kombiverkehr non è aperta al fondamentale mercato delle spedizioni e dell'autotrasporto, dato che prima che la DB Cargo ne acquistasse il 50%, la Kombiverkehr apparteneva interamente ad imprese private di spedizioni e trasporti.

L'annuncio a maggio di quest'anno che la HHLA aveva rilevato una partecipazione del 50% nella Transfracht (salvo approvazione dell'autorità tedesca per la concorrenza) rafforzerà la principale funzione della Transfracht quale trasportatore ferroviario di containers marittimi ISO dai porti tedeschi (e, in misura molto minore, da altri porti quali Rotterdam ed Anversa) all'hinterland europeo (specialmente tedesco).

Il direttore generale della Transfracht, Klaus Niemohlmann, ed il direttore marketing dott. Marcus Hoffmann, hanno rivelato che i trasporti della Transfracht nel 2001 hanno totalizzato 740.000 TEU, ai quali l'AlbatrosExpress, il servizio principale dell'operatore per il trasporto notturno di containers da Amburgo/Bremerhaven e l'hinterland tedesco, ha contribuito con 359.000 TEU. Le vendite della Transfracht nel 2001 sono ammontate a 208 milioni di euro (229 milioni di dollari), rispetto ai 404 milioni di marchi (184 milioni di dollari) nel 2000. La differenza, in termini di dollari USA, può essere in parte spiegata dalle variazioni del tasso di cambio.

La HULA è impegnata da qualche tempo nei servizi ferroviari intermodali dai due principali porti tedeschi all'hinterland europeo attraverso la sua partecipazione alla Polzug, alla Metrans ed alla Hansa-Hungaria-Container-Express, cui adesso si è aggregata la Transfracht. Il portavoce della HHLA, Olaf Mager, sottolinea: "L'accordo finalizzato ad acquisire il 50% della Transfracht è estremamente importante per noi, poiché tutti i vettori intermodali in cui siamo stati coinvolti finora servono i mercati del Baltico e dell'Europa orientale. L'accordo concernente la Transfracht ci fornisce l'accesso ai mercati tedesco ed austriaco, di modo che esso è andato a riempire un importante segmento di mercato".

"Riteniamo che i mercati tedesco ed austriaco diventeranno ancora più importanti di quanto già non lo siano, in particolar modo alla luce del MAUT. Siamo certi che il trasporto ferroviario intermodale in questo momento in Germania sia visto sempre più di buon occhio. Si comprende sempre più che è razionale dal punto di vista dei costi sulle lunghe distanze, nonché più veloce". Conferma poi: "In generale, il nostro obiettivo è quello di fornire interconnessioni di servizio complete tra le operazioni del nostro terminal di Amburgo ed i porti di Amburgo e Bremerhaven nonché con l'hinterland europeo".

Il mercato marittimo è una delle forze-guida che stanno dietro alla rinnovata fiducia degli operatori intermodali tedeschi. Un portavoce del porto di Amburgo ha dichiarato che sino ad 1 milione di TEU all'anno, ovvero circa il 20% dei risultati complessivi del porto, vengono movimentati da e per il sistema ferroviario interno dello scalo. Inoltre, alcuni containers vengono consegnati per ferrovia da spedizionieri situati all'esterno del perimetro del porto. Un portavoce della Eurogate, a Bremerhaven, ha stimato che il 31% dei containers consegnati da e per il porto vengono adesso movimentati per ferrovia.

I crescenti risultati dei due principali scali marittimi tedeschi stanno di conseguenza attirando gli operatori intermodali. Hedderich ha notato che gran parte del numero in aumento di contenitori movimentati da Amburgo consiste di forti importazioni dall'Asia. La Kombiverkehr, che fino a pochi anni fa era principalmente un vettore infra-europeo, ora si concentra anche sul mercato marittimo portuale ed effettua una serie di servizi da Amburgo e Bremerhaven. E' poi socio del porto di Lubecca nella Baltic Rail Gate, che sta sviluppando un nuovo terminal intermodale a Lubecca. Da qui, saranno effettuati servizi ferroviari intermodali alla volta della Germania interna, della Svizzera, dell'Italia e della Spagna. Un servizio ferroviario è già stato inaugurato, in collaborazione con la norvegese CargoNet, da Travemunde ad Oslo.

Nuovi arrivati potrebbero penetrare nel mercato del trasporto combinato tedesco, ma la DB Cargo, la Transfracht e la Kombiverkehr resteranno gli operatori più in vista. Tuttavia, il graduale sblocco degli interessi a partecipazione statale diventerà sempre più significativo. L'acquisizione da parte della DB Cargo di metà della Kombiverkehr rappresenta un matrimonio tra interessi statali e privati (e, in ogni caso, alla fine anche la DB Cargo potrebbe essere privatizzata).

Il salto della HHLA nel letto della Transfracht potrebbe essere considerato della medesima specie: come si sa, la HHLA appartiene al Comune di Amburgo, ma alla fine potrebbe essere privatizzata, mentre se la DB dovesse diventare privata, presumibilmente si porterebbe dietro anche la Transfracht. Il gioco delle sedie è cominciato.
(da: Containerisation International, luglio 2002)


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DBA to supply new Terminal Operating System for Georgia's Batumi Port
Villorba
The project includes all phases of development, testing and operational testing
Attack on a ship in the Gulf of Aden
Portsmouth
The captain reported hearing an impact in the water and an explosion
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Danilo Ricci has been appointed managing director of Tarros Line.
La Spezia
He has held various positions in Italy and abroad within the group
Permanent discussion table between Confindustria Nautica and Federagenti
Genoa
This is provided for in an agreement signed today in Genoa
In the first half of 2025, cruise traffic in Italian ports grew by +6%
Venice
The twelfth edition of Italian Cruise Day will be held in Catania on October 24th.
SAL Heavy Lift buys two semi-submersible vessels from Pan Ocean
Hamburg
They were built in 2008 and 2012
30% of Sangritana Cargo will be acquired by the Marche-based company Transadriatico
The Eagle
The sale will be completed in the next few days
The eighth edition of "A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 6th.
Lugano
Forum on economic and logistical integration between Ligurian ports, the Northwest manufacturing area, and Switzerland
DEME orders new cable-laying vessel from Singapore-based PaxOcean
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It will be built in the Chinese shipyard of Zhoushan
Assoporti will meet at RemTech EXPO 2025 to discuss the green transition in Italian ports.
Ferrara
The Smart Ports Award was awarded to three Port System Authorities
The first shipment of Syrian oil in 14 years arrives at the port of Trieste.
London
Part of the cargo - S&P Global Commodity Insights reports - was unloaded at the Sardinian terminal of Sarroch
In August, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +20.3%
Taranto
The ferry "Drea" was also rejected by the Apulian port, where however it is temporarily stopped
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles remained stable in August.
Los Angeles
Volumes expected to decline in the remainder of 2025
Meeting between the port authorities of Jacksonville and Livorno
Livorno
Among the objectives, to start one or more direct services between the two ports
Italian State Railways and ENAC sign an agreement for the use of drones in infrastructure monitoring.
Rome
They will also be used to fly over sections of the railway and road network that would otherwise be difficult to monitor.
A.SPE.DO, the port of La Spezia is essential to ensuring employment, development, and a future for the local economy.
La Spezia
Landolfi: We cannot afford to underestimate its value.
The MIT meets with the heads of the Italian AdSPs
Rome
Meeting on the government's strategic vision for the sector and port reform
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean Co. to build seven 15,880 TEU container ships
Keelung
They will be delivered between 2028 and 2029
Over 40 expressions of interest have been received for the development of the Ukrainian port of Chornomorsk.
Kiev
Today the first meeting of the tender commission
The first commercial ship is expected at the public dock in Largo Trattaroli in Ravenna.
Ravenna
The car carrier "AICC Huanghu" is coming soon
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach decreased by 1.3% last month.
Long Beach
Empty containers are increasing. Full containers are decreasing.
Assiterminal's Terminal Road Show is starting
Genoa
Cognolato: We want to strengthen our ties with local communities and territories.
Assoporti, the Italian ports' cruise offerings presented at the Seatrade Europe fair.
Hamburg
Giampieri: We are leaders in the Mediterranean area and in Europe
Commander Claudio Tomei, USCLAC president from 2012 to 2024, has passed away.
Viareggio
His strong commitment to improving the working conditions of Italian seafarers
In the first quarter of 2025, cargo traffic in Greek ports grew by +1.4%
Piraeus
Passengers down by -1.1%
HD Hyundai Samho Orders Four New Container Ships
Seoul
Order worth approximately 468 million dollars
Trieste: Fraudulent bankruptcy in the shipbuilding sector
Trieste
Investigation into a company based in Palermo
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong fell by 7.4% in August.
Hong Kong
In the first eight months of 2025 the decline was -3.8%
BigLift Shipping and CY Shipping order two additional heavy lift vessels
Amsterdam
Order placed at Chinese shipyard Jing Jiang Nanyang Shipbuilding Co.
Container traffic at the port of Singapore continued to decline in August
Singapore
Total volume of goods increased by +1.1%
The Charthage ferry was placed under administrative detention in the port of Genoa
Genoa
A Coast Guard inspection found numerous deficiencies
Disney Cruise Line's largest ship's debut delayed by three months
Lake Buena Vista
Construction delays force the maiden voyage to be postponed until March 10th.
Shell to supply liquefied biomethane to Hapag-Lloyd containerships
Hamburg
Agreement effective immediately
Andrea Zoratti has been appointed general manager of Hub Telematica
Genoa
The company is controlled by Assagenti and Spediporto
Jotun and Messina sign agreement to improve the environmental and commercial performance of ships.
Genoa
The "Jolly Rosa" vessel will use the Hull Skating Solutions solution
PSA Genova Pra' announces the hiring of 25 people dedicated to container handling.
Genoa
Ferrari: International markets have changed profoundly
CMA CGM will not apply surcharges for new US taxes on Chinese vessels and Chinese services
Marseille
The rates announced by the USTR in April will apply from October 14th.
South Korean HJ Shipbuilding wins orders for four 8,850 TEU containerships
Busan
Orders with a total value of approximately 461 million dollars
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
GNV has inaugurated a new office in Barcelona
Barcelona
The company currently has 52 employees throughout Spain.
Port of Trieste: EU funding for two new projects
Trieste
Resources with a total value of 1.7 million euros
Filt Cgil, the Flotilla incident is serious. Dockworkers are ready to mobilize.
Rome
Union announces action if aid is not allowed to reach Gaza
Stena Line to buy Latvian port operator Terrabalt
Gothenburg
It handles rolling stock, bulk cargo, and general cargo traffic in the port of Liepaja.
In the first eight months of 2025, container traffic in the port of Gioia Tauro grew by +10.6%
Gioia Tauro
2,912,943 TEUs were handled
Meyer Turku begins construction of Royal Caribbean's fourth "Icon"-class cruise ship
Miami/Turku
It will be delivered in 2027
More than one in ten maritime shipments has shortages
Washington
This is what a report by the World Shipping Council has revealed, highlighting the safety risks
Last July, traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +3.8%
Ravenna
In the first seven months of 2025, growth was +5.4%
In the first quarter of 2025, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -3.2%.
Brussels
Landings down 1.3% and embarkations down 5.4%
Product tanker High Fidelity rescues 38 migrants on a drifting dinghy
Rome
Intervention in the south of the island of Crete
GES and RINA sign agreement to develop a prototype of a new hydrogen battery
Rovereto/Genoa
PSA's second phase of container terminal at Mumbai Port inaugurated
Singapore
Annual traffic capacity will increase to 4.8 million TEUs
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
A seminar on the new law on interports will be held in Milan on October 2nd.
Milan
It is organized by the Chamber of Commerce of Padua
The eighth edition of "A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 6th.
Lugano
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
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