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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 10/2004 - OCTOBER 2004

Trasporto marittimo

Si diffonde l'uso dei contenitori refrigerati

Dal momento che le linee di navigazione sono in grado di generare con un box refrigerato sino a tre volte i ricavi che si ottengono con un container tradizionale, il loro obiettivo è chiaramente quello di commercializzare in modo deciso tali box.

Inoltre, negli ultimi anni, molti produttori in ambito europeo hanno dirottato alcune o tutte le proprie infrastrutture non solo verso l'Europa Orientale ma anche verso altre zone del mondo al fine di capitalizzare i costi del lavoro meno cari e di trarre vantaggio dal miglioramento delle connessioni trasportistiche; ne è conseguito un sacco di traffico refrigerato. Anche se settori significativi di traffico d'importazione/esportazione di prodotti deperibili può essersi di conseguenza spostato dalla nave alla strada, altri adesso devono compiere il lungo tragitto dal produttore all'utente finale via mare.

Nel 2003, presso il porto spagnolo di Vigo per la prima volta il tonnellaggio convogliato tramite box refrigerati ha sorpassato quello sbarcato nel porto da navi refrigerate tradizionali.

Il gruppo Davila, che detiene partecipazioni azionarie non solo nel Termavi, il terminal contenitori di Vigo, ma anche in molte dei terminals locali per prodotti deperibili in tutto il nord della Spagna, ha sperimentato direttamente questo cambiamento.

Presso il suo MFT (Marín Fruit Terminal), vengono movimentati traffici di frutta e pesce surgelato, sia sotto forma di spedizioni containerizzate che di spedizioni alla rinfusa in navi refrigerate tradizionali.

Secondo il direttore Manuel Martinez, inizialmente, sono state le consegne di pesce surgelato ad essere dirottate verso i contenitori refrigerati ed ora il 60-80% del traffico totale viene movimentato in box. In misura minore, ciò è stato seguito più di recente dalle consegne di frutta, che continuano ad essere spedite su navi a carico misto, mentre le consegne alla rinfusa vengono spedite nella stiva ed i containers sul ponte.

"Le imprese di stivaggio cilene impegnate in questo settore sono in qualche modo preoccupate dalla crescita dell'utilizzazione dei carichi containerizzati, dato che ciò va a detrimento dell'uso delle navi refrigerate tradizionali" osserva Martinez.

I mutamenti nel settore stanno costringendo lo MFT ad intraprendere notevoli cambiamenti nelle prassi lavorative, che richiedono investimenti sia in nuove infrastrutture che in ulteriore formazione del personale.

"Fortunatamente, questi cambiamenti sono stati graduali. Ciononostante, il maggior numero di containers in arrivo presso il terminal frutta ha comportato minori movimentazioni e concomitanti minori costi. Allo stesso tempo, ciò ha significato la riduzione dei nostri ricavi, perché i containers possono essere diretti ai clienti senza alcuna movimentazione immediata. In certa misura, i magazzini portuali e le infrastrutture di magazzinaggio del freddo, di conseguenza, ne stanno sopportando le conseguenze e continueranno a sopportarle".

Alla Marín Fruit Terminal, che nel 2003 ha movimentato 31.928 TEU, il traffico refrigerato nella prima metà del 2004 è aumentato del 54%. In parte, la decisione di investire in un nuovo terminal contenitori col nuovo marchio da 70.000 metri quadrati nel porto si fonda sull'aspettativa di un aumento dei risultati. Infatti, il porto dispone di 230.000 metri cubi di magazzinaggio del freddo in cui i contenitori possono essere svuotati per le spedizioni successive.

Il direttore del terminal, Jorge Calvo, nota: "Nel Marín, operiamo con solo una linea di navigazione locale, la Naviera Pinillos, ma noi siamo sicuri che la compagnia presta parecchia attenzione alla futura crescita dei containers refrigerati".

In Italia, il Salerno Container Terminal movimenta circa 50 containers refrigerati ogni settimana. Tuttavia, secondo l'amministratore delegato Frans Jol, questa cifra può crescere fino a qualcosa come 200 box reefer nel corso della stagione di punta per un totale di 2.000 contenitori in esportazione. Si tratta di traffico generato principalmente da MSL e P&O Nedlloyd.

"Il traffico di contenitori refrigerati aumenta del 10% circa ogni anno" fa notare Jol, il quale precisa che Salerno rivece anche navi bananiere, due delle quali provengono settimanalmente dall'America centro-meridionale.

"in origine, tutto questo traffico avveniva sotto forma di banane sciolte, kiwi, arance e così via, scaricati mediante un sistema a nastro trasportatore. Adesso, una quota sempre maggiore di tale traffico arriva in porto in contenitori refrigerati, il che comporta il passaggio a navi a traffico misto, metà delle quali trasportano rinfuse tradizionali mentre il resto è adibito al trasporto di containers refrigerati. Tuttavia, il numero dei contenitori è certamente in aumento".

In Francia, l'area incentrata su Nantes, sulla costa atlantica, resta una delle principali zone d'Europa da cui provengono box refrigerati. Secondo Gérard Jahoo, dirigente del settore linee di navigazione presso il porto locale di Nantes-Saint Nazaire, questa è stata una delle principali ragioni per cui lo MCT (Montoir Container Terminal) è stato in grado di sviluppare un significativo portafoglio di clienti operativi nel marittimo a lungo raggio, malgrado il principale porto atlantico francese di importazione-esportazione, cioè Le Havre, sia situato relativamente nei pressi.

"Oggi, possiamo offrire un notevole numero di connessioni marittime a lungo raggio alla volta di zone in cui il traffico refrigerato è importante" nota Jahoo, sottolineando i traffici di import-export con le Indie Occidentali francesi e l'Africa occidentale. E' significativo il fatto che lo MCT sia adesso la principale infrastruttura in termini di pesce importato dalle Seychelles, in cui i traffici refrigerati sono al momento fiorenti.

Infatti, anche se i box refrigerati hanno senza dubbio svolto un ruolo importante nel far aumentare il numero dei servizi di linea alla volta dello MCT, ciò indirettamente ha altresì contribuito ad attirare ulteriori servizi di raccordo, dato che Nantes è cresciuto in importanza quale porto di movimentazione contenitori. Dal momento che le limitazioni di pescaggio stanno a significare che lo MCT non è oggi in grado di accogliere le navi da 6.000 TEU comunemente impiegate nei servizi est-ovest, questi traffici di raccordo consentiranno in qualche modo a Nantes-Saint Nazaire di conservare una presenza in questo fiorente mercato.

"I box reefer sono carichi ad alto valore per le linee di navigazione, perciò è sia nostro sia loro interesse sviluppare questi traffici" afferma Jahoo, aggiungendo che ciò implica il dover mettere a disposizione i necessari servizi di supporto.

Circa il 15-20% del traffico annuo complessivo del porto, pari a 120.000 TEU, consiste ora di box refrigerati, mentre la maggior parte degli investimenti sono stati effettuati allo scopo di fornire un numero sufficiente di spine elettriche da piazzale e di attrezzature ausiliarie.

Allo stesso tempo, c'è stata una notevole caduta dei volumi trasportati da navi refrigerate convenzionali non containerizzate, sebbene sia difficile giudicare se questo abbia comportato un impatto diretto sulle infrastrutture per il freddo di proprietà delle imprese del settore privato all'interno del porto o attorno ad esso.

"C'è ancora lavoro in quel settore" nota Jahoo, sebbene con l'avvertimento che alcune imprese affermate stanno smettendo di movimentare quel tipo di merci dal momento che sempre più prodotti passano ai contenitori refrigerati.

Per quanto possa sembrare inverosimile, anche il collasso dell'Unione Sovietica ha avuto un notevole impatto sulla modellazione dell'attività complessiva della catena del freddo di Nantes-Saint Nazaire.

Quando gli acquisti venivano effettuati direttamente dallo stato sovietico, ingenti quantitativi di merci venivano immessi nel porto da navi refrigerate tradizionali. Oggigiorno, le acquisizioni vengono fatte da imprese di minori dimensioni che hanno disperso su un'area maggiore il potere di acquisto, il che comporta che vengono effettuate meno grosse ordinazioni a tappeto, sostituite invece da consegne maggiormente frammentate.

"Adesso abbiamo meno navi refrigerate convenzionali al servizio dell'ex Blocco Sovietico, ma esse non sono state necessariamente rimpiazzate dai containers refrigerati marittimi. Invece, il miglioramento delle strade ed un'industria dell'autotrasporto maggiormente competitiva nell'Est hanno comportato la spedizione di un maggior numero di containers refrigerati per via di terra; occorrono cinque o sei giorni da Nantes a Mosca o San Pietroburgo.

"Infatti, anche quando si passa da una nave refrigerata tradizionale ai contenitori refrigerati, qualcuno di loro potrebbe essere perso a Le Havre, che dispone di un numero maggiore di connessioni marittime a lungo raggio di quelle dello MCT" afferma.

Presso il porto tedesco di Amburgo, lo stivatore HHLA fa notare che il numero di box refrigerati generati varia notevolmente a seconda della regione servita.

Sul traffico est-ovest, ad esempio, solo il 5% circa dei volumi complessivi è costituito da box refrigerati, sebbene in mercati di prodotti deperibili tradizionalmente forti quali l'America Centrale e l'America del Sud tale percentuale sale al 15%, mentre per l'Australia è del 20% circa.

La HHLA sostiene che la flessibilità complessiva dei box refrigerati, unitamente alle partenze marittime a lungo raggio settimanali garantite virtualmente su tutte le rotte che originano da Amburgo, significano che un numero sempre maggiore di prodotti che richiedono un ambiente a temperatura rigorosamente controllata (per lo più, frutta) stanno passando ai contenitori. Le linee di navigazione, nota la società, contribuiscono a questa crescita assicurando sempre più spine per refrigerati a bordo delle navi containerizzate.

"La sfida maggiore per noi come porto ed anche come impresa di magazzinaggio consiste nell'ampliamento e nello sviluppo della sovrastruttura del nostro terminal. Ciò significa, ad esempio, assicurare alle linee di navigazione abbastanza spine elettriche presso il terminal contenitori. Dal momento che i carichi surgelati sono alquanto sensibili, la catena del freddo non dev'essere interrotta. Al fine di assicurare ciò, dobbiamo lavorare a stretto contatto con i nostri clienti" afferma una portavoce della società.

Quanto alla possibilità che un maggior numero di box refrigerati a disposizione stia realmente espandendo il mercato complessivo dei prodotti refrigerati, la HHLA fa notare come questo sia senz'altro vero, sebbene continui a dipendere dal fatto che quei box siano a disposizione al posto ed al momento giusto."Senza dubbio, la capacità di un box refrigerato di essere inviato da porta a porta gli dà un vantaggio incolmabile".

Allo stesso tempo, la HHLA sottolinea che, dato che vi sono implicate le linee di navigazione, le tariffe più alte applicate alle unità refrigerate stanno a significare che vi sono tutti gli incentivi affinché vettori mettano a disposizione un numero sufficiente di slots, così come altre attrezzature speciali quali flatracks e contenitori open top e cisterna.
(da: CargoSystems, settembre 2004)




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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
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The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
In Spain, €11.8 million in eco-incentives have been allocated for the use of motorways of the sea.
Madrid
163,672 shipments made by 32 companies subsidized
ABB has signed an agreement to buy Norwegian marine automation company Høglund.
Zurich
The Tønsberg-based company's integrated automation system is currently installed on over 600 vessels.
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