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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 3/2000 - MARCH 2000

Sea Transport

CMA alla ribalta

Allorquando nel 1996 la CMA portò a termine con successo l'acquisizione della CGM per una somma di 20 milioni di franchi francesi (anche se all'acquisizione erano associate tutta una serie di implicazioni, per un valore di più di 1 miliardo di franchi), alcuni avevano previsto che si sarebbe verificata una spaccatura interna a livello familiare.

Fino a quel momento, la compagnia di navigazione era stata controllata congiuntamente da Jacques Saadé, nella sede di Marsiglia, e da suo fratello minore Johnny, nella sede di Beirut. Questa direzione astutamente strutturata su due filoni indipendenti aveva assistito nei cinque anni precedenti alla crescita della compagnia da una relativa oscurità alla posizione di tredicesimo fornitore mondiale di spazi-containers.

Alcuni potrebbero ribattere che la suddetta struttura direzionale rimane a tutt'oggi, ma quello che è chiaro è che la proprietà della compagnia è cambiata. Essa non è più equamente suddivisa tra i due fratelli: situazione, questa, che è aspramente contestata da Johnny Saadé. Pertanto, ci si domanda come ciò possa essere accaduto, dati i trascorsi buoni risultati della CMA, e quali speranze vi siano per il futuro.

Il succo della storia è che la stabilità familiare ha subito uno scossone quando Johnny Saadé - da quel che si dice - fece marcia indietro rispetto al proprio accordo sulla CMA per comprare la CGM, costringendo così la compagnia di proprietà di Jacques, la Merit SAL, ad entrare nella società prendendo il suo posto.

Ai sensi delle clausole originarie dell'accordo, la CMA e la CGM dovevano mantenersi finanziariamente distinte per un minimo di due anni. Nel corso di questo aspro periodo, allorquando la CMA di conseguenza dovette essere ricapitalizzata per 80 milioni di franchi (a partire dal mese di settembre del 1997), si dice che Johnny Saadé non sia riuscito - d'altra parte - a far fronte a tutti i suoi impegni finanziari in tempo utile, di modo che Jacques poté rilevare queste opzioni, riducendo in tal modo la quota azionaria di suo fratello nella società dal 48,5% al 22%.

Il risultato finale è stato che, quando la CMA e la CGM vennero alla fine integrate a settembre del 1999, con la conseguente eliminazione dei due marchi distinti, la società di Johnny (la Mistral) finì per disporre del solo 10,1% delle quote azionarie congiunte (CMA CGM SA), mentre Jacques ebbe un peso ben maggiore nei posti di comando con l'83%. Rodolphe, figlio di Jacques, da allora è divenuto vice presidente, mentre anche la figlia Tanya è diventata uno dei principali consiglieri di amministrazione (si occupa delle comunicazioni).

Johnny Saadé ha ripetutamente contestato di fronte ai tribunali francesi le iniziative del fratello, lamentando una illecita privazione della propria legittima posizione mediante la distorsione dei fatti ed una premeditata cattiva gestione, ma - sino ad ora - senza pervenire a successi di una qualche consistenza. Uno di questi assalti giudiziari, tuttavia, è riuscito nell'impresa di costringere Jacques a rassegnare le dimissioni da presidente della CMA e della CGM nel febbraio dello scorso anno (anche se ne è rimasto il principale azionista). Malgrado la remissione di quella sentenza, fino a questo momento egli si è rifiutato di tornare ad occupare quella carica.

Spiega Jacques: "Sebbene io non sia più il presidente (carica attualmente rivestita da Tristan Vieljeux), sono ancora molto coinvolto nella gestione quotidiana della compagnia di navigazione, di modo che non avverto l'esigenza di quel titolo. Ma, se dovessi tornare in quella carica, probabilmente diventerei nuovamente un bel bersaglio per la stampa ed altri, di modo che preferisco mantenere un profilo più basso fino a quando non sarà stata risolta la nostra disputa familiare privata".

Nel frattempo, la CMA CGM ha continuato a progredire nella propria crescita senza rallentamenti. Nulla del suo dinamismo sembra essere stato perduto per strada, sebbene - come molti possono testimoniare - non si tratti di una compagnia per la quale è sempre facile lavorare. Dal momento dell'acquisizione della CGM, i servizi in perdita della compagnia sono stati completamente ristrutturati, mentre le reti di agenzie della CMA e della CGM sono state unificate. A dicembre del 1998 è stata acquisita la divisione di linea della Australia National Line, seguita - quattro mesi più tardi - dal servizio della Delmas Line dal Mediterraneo alle Indie Occidentali Francesi, alla Guyana ed al Brasile. Sono stati altresì introdotti diversi nuovi servizi.

La spina dorsale della CMA CGM resta il suo servizio settimanale FAL (French Asia Line) dal Nord Europa all'Asia (senza scali diretti in Giappone) che attualmente conduce nell'ambito di una associazione con la NSCSA (National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia) e con la Norasia Line. Attualmente, vengono impiegate su questa rotta complessivamente 9 navi da 4.000/4.400 TEU, ma la CMA CGM ha recentemente ordinato 8 mega-unità da 6.600 TEU al fine di rimpiazzare, a partire dal 2001, il naviglio con cui ora contribuisce alla suddetta flotta.

Il servizio FAL viene effettuato mediante una coordinazione con il servizio settimanale MEX (Med Club Express) dal Mediterraneo all'Asia (anche questo non prevede scali diretti in Giappone), che la compagnia di navigazione conduce in associazione con la Norasia. Sulla rotta vengono impiegate complessivamente 8 navi da 3.300 TEU.

Un terzo allacciamento settimanale Europa/Asia è stato aggiunto a gennaio dello scorso anno. Quest'ultimo, denominato NCJ, ha cominciato col servire porti dal Mediterraneo orientale all'Asia (scali diretti in Giappone compresi), per mezzo di una flotta di 9 navi da 1.600/2.200 TEU. Tre mesi più tardi, è stato esteso al Nord Europa mediante l'aggiunta di una nave. Il mese successivo, il servizio NCJ è stato ulteriormente ampliato su tutto il Pacifico sino a Long Beach ed Oakland. Nel servizio pendolare sono adesso impiegate in totale 15 navi da 1.600/2.200; peraltro - man mano che verranno introdotte navi più grandi nel FAL - le navi attualmente assegnate verranno trasferite al NCJ.

Data questa forte spinta est-ovest, è sorprendente il fatto che un servizio transatlantico dedicato manchi ancora nel portafoglio-servizi della compagnia. La CMA CGM in effetti partecipa ai traffici in direzione ovest quale operatore del servizio giramondo che condivide con la Marfret e la Contship Containerlines, ma solamente in modo minore. La compagnia inoltre acquista spazi-containers transatlantici dalla Maersk nel Mediterraneo.

Commenta Jacques Saadé: "Questo non è il momento giusto, per noi, per entrare così direttamente in questo traffico: è ancora troppo intasato". Tale affermazione implica il fatto che la CMA CGM non vuole ancora essere considerata come un vero e proprio soggetto globale, ma Saadé non è d'accordo con questa interpretazione: "Non sono sicuro che il termine globale significhi davvero che uno debba andare in tutte le parti del mondo. Certamente significa che si debba andare in tutti i posti più importanti: così la vedo io. Noi, poi, andiamo in posti in cui molti altri non vanno".

L'effetto complessivo di tutti i miglioramenti del servizio della compagnia nel corso dell'anno passato è stato che il totale dei suoi carichi è aumentato di circa il 18% nel 1999 sino a 1.350.000 TEU, mentre ci si aspetta che il profitto netto della CMA CGM Holding SA cresca del 57% sino a 313 milioni di franchi francesi (48, 4 milioni di dollari USA). Per il 2000 si prevede un'ulteriore espansione, tra cui l'introduzione di un nuovo importante servizio transpacifico dall'Asia alla Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti, da effettuarsi congiuntamente alla Kien Hung Shipping.

TABELLA 1
LISTA DEI PRINCIPALI SERVIZI DELLA CMA CGM
ServizioDa AFrequenza Commenti
FALNord EuropaAsia SettimanaleSoci: Norasia, NSCSA
MEXMediterraneoAsia SettimanaleSoci: Norasia
NCJ-TPXNord Europa / Mediterraneo Asia /
Costa Occidentale USA
Settimanale  
GALEXNord Europa / Mediterraneo Asia Subcontinente indiano e Medio Oriente SettimanaleTrasbordo a Khor Fakkan e Singapore da FAL/MEX
EPICNord Europa /
Mediterraneo
Subcontinente indiano e Medio Oriente SettimanaleMembro del consorzio EPIC
US MEDMediterraneoCosta Orientale USA SettimanaleNoleggio spazi dalla Maersk; trasbordo ad Algesiras
FASMar RossoMediterraneo orientale ed occidentale;
Mar Nero
SettimanaleCinque servizi di raccordo diversi
Tour du MondeNord Europa Costa Orientale USA, Australasia, Indonesia, Mediterraneo, Nord Europa Ogni
10 giorni
Soci: Contship Containerlines, Marfret
EuromarFrancia, Belgio Marocco, PortogalloSettimanale Servizio di raccordo
French Baltic LineAnversa, Rotterdam Riga, Tallin
e San Pietroburgo
SettimanaleServizio di raccordo
Indie OccidentaliNord Europa, Mediterraneo Indie Occidentali francesi, Guyana francese, Brasile SettimanaleSocio: Maersk
SeagullMediterranean Costa Orientale SudamericaSettimanale Membro del consorzio
ECSANord EuropaCosta Orientale Sudamerica Ogni
5 giorni
 
WCSANord EuropaCosta Occidentale Sudamerica Settimanale 
ANSCONAustraliaGiappone/Corea SettimanaleMembro del consorzio
ANSCONAustraliaAsia SettimanaleMembro del consorzio
Fonte: CMA CGM

Una caratteristica della CMA CGM fino ad ora è stata l'indipendenza della compagnia di navigazione rispetto a molte delle rotte che serve. Sebbene essa abbia operato - e continui ad operare - in associazione con un certo numero di altre linee di navigazione, in genere essa si è ben guardata dal farsi coinvolgere nei grossi consorzi e nelle grandi alleanze.

Commenta Saadé: "Ovviamente, dal momento che abbiamo incrementato le dimensioni delle nostre navi, abbiamo dovuto trovare dei partners che ci aiutassero a riempire gli spazi in eccesso; e continueremo a farlo. Ad esempio, quando avremo ricevuto le navi più grandi nel 2001, avremo altri 4.000 TEU/settimana da riempire, di modo che saremmo molto contenti di lavorare con altri soci. Peraltro, non ci piacciono cose più complicate del mero noleggio o scambio di spazi-containers, perché io credo nell'eguaglianza dei partners. Non credo invece ad associazioni in cui uno dei membri domina gli altri. In questo caso, è meglio non pensare nemmeno allo scambio di spazi-containers".

Saadé, inoltre, non ha nulla in contrario alle conferenze di linea e vorrebbe che queste ultime continuassero ad esistere. Egli è consapevole del fatto che a molti caricatori non piacciono, ma sostiene che i risultati finanziari odierni dei vettori dimostrano chiaramente che non vi è alcun abuso circa una loro posizione privilegiata od immune dalla normativa anti-trust. Egli argomenta altresì che se i caricatori dovessero riuscire ad ottenere il ritiro di tale immunità, ciò finirebbe solamente per affrettare il processo di consolidamento del settore, facendo così fallire il conseguimento dell'obbiettivo propostosi. Comè facile dedurre, le maggiori opportunità di scelta in ordine alle tariffe sarebbero in quel caso sostituite da un minor numero di linee di navigazione tra le quali poter scegliere.

Si dice che i contratti globali rappresentino una tendenza in crescita, alimentata dalla necessità - da parte di alcuni clienti - di dialogare con un numero sempre minore di fornitori di servizio, ma questa non è ancora una questione di primaria importanza. Saadé pensa che in qualsiasi caso vi sarà sempre un ruolo per gli operatori di nicchie di mercato, anche se il numero di questi mercati è in diminuzione.

Saadé approfondisce il discorso: "Ad esempio, noi eravamo soliti essere molto forti nel Mediterraneo orientale e lo siamo ancora, ma tutti quanti vogliono andare là in questi giorni, di modo che noi siamo sempre più interessati ad altre zone come l'Africa settentrionale".

Come accade anche per altri grandi vettori marittimi, lo sviluppo della tecnologia informatica viene considerato una delle maggiori richieste da parte dei clienti. La compagnia di navigazione ha appena aperto un moderno sito web facilmente approcciabile dall'utenza.

Riassumendo, bisogna riconoscere che Saadé senza alcun dubbio non ha nessuna voglia che i dissapori familiari influenzino in qualche modo i progressi della sua compagnia di navigazione.
(da: Containerisation International, febbraio 2000)

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Balboa
Engineer Ilya Espino de Marotta's term will expire in 2033.
Blu Navy has acquired a stake in Banca dell'Elba
Portoferraio
Schenone: We are a group united by the desire to contribute to the economic and social development of the island.
HMM signs a contract worth approximately $3.5 billion with Vale
Seoul
It involves the maritime transport of iron ore on behalf of the Brazilian company
Kongsberg Maritime signs deal to buy Finland's Steerprop
Oslo
The Rauma-based company designs and manufactures marine propulsion systems
New drug seizure in the port of Livorno
Livorno
53 kilograms of pure cocaine in a container from Peru
In the first three months of 2026, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -4.0%
Brussels
Landings and embarkations decreased by -2.0% and -6.4% respectively
A series of meetings on the new Port System Master Plan for the ports of Genoa and Savona-Vado has begun.
Genoa
The new concession agreement with Amico & Co Spa has been finalized.
Port of Ravenna: Extraordinary maintenance of the "truck-accessible" section of Via Baiona has been approved.
Ravenna
MacGregor will celebrate the 65th anniversary of its Italian branch in Genoa
Genoa
The company is based in the Naval Repair area of the port of Genoa
Anemoi wind propulsion system to be installed on a Maersk container ship
London
The aim is to increase the ship's energy efficiency and reduce its emissions.
The selection process for the new Secretary General of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea Port Authority has begun.
Ravenna
Expressions of interest to be submitted by September 21st
MacGregor opens a new technical assistance center in Trieste
Stockholm
The main focus will be the European area, including the specialized megayacht sector.
Tanker hit by three shells in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
An accident also in the Indian Ocean
Floriana Gallucci is the new secretary general of the Ionian Sea Port Authority.
Taranto
The Management Committee of the institution has approved the appointment
Crew of ferry that sank in Northern Cyprus arrested
Nicosia
Eight people died in the accident. 17 other passengers are missing.
Singamas's profit halved in the first half of 2026
Hong Kong
The Chinese company is focusing on energy containers. During the period, sales of specialized containers exceeded those of standard boxes for the first time.
CIMC sells more containers, but profits plummet
Hong Kong
Half-year profit in this business segment fell by -81.2%
In the first half of this year, China
COSCO Shipping Ports reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Hong Kong
Net income for the first six months of 2026 was $276.6 million (+23.2%)
In the first six months of 2026, CMPort's revenues grew by +13%
Hong Kong
Net profit up 7.4%
Meyer Werft revenues to grow by 107% in 2025
Papenburg
The financial year ended with a net loss of -383.8 million euros
Messina will launch the new West Med Line scheduled service in September
Genoa
It will bring together existing services for Algeria and Libya
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The event "Cyber-resilience in the maritime sector: defense, regulations, and European cooperation" will take place in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
It is organized by Var Group and Confitarma
The port's future is at the center of the event celebrating the 80th anniversary of Assosped Venezia and Asamar Veneto.
Venice
A conference on Friday will be the highlight of the festival
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The launch of the luxury cruise ship Oceania Sonata was celebrated in Marghera
Trieste
The unit is scheduled for delivery in 2027.
Tarros will include the port of Salerno in its Italy-Libya Express service.
La Spezia
The vessel "Vento di Zefiro" will be placed on the route
MPCC reports declining quarterly results as part of fleet renewal plan
Oslo
Kuehne+Nagel's honorary president has died.
Schindellegi
Klaus-Michael Kühne had joined the family business in 1958
In July, Spanish ports handled 47.7 million tonnes of goods (-1.8%)
Madrid
Containers amounted to 1,581,071 teu (-5.6%)
A shipment of 65 kilograms of cocaine was seized in the port of Livorno.
Livorno
It would have brought in around 20 million euros to the criminals
Join us at the Communion and Liberation Meeting in Rimini
Rome
Participation in the exhibition area of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
Port of Ravenna: Executive project for redevelopment of the "Ex Carni" area begins
Ravenna
The aim is to give full functionality to a new logistics and industrial sector in the port area
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras decreased by 11.4% in July.
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2026 the decline was -3.3%
Hupac will strengthen its intermodal service between Basel and Busto Arsizio.
Noise
An eighth weekly rotation will be introduced from September 7th
Sallaum creates a company for land logistics of cars in Europe
Vilnius
It will initially be equipped with 50 car transporters and the fleet will reach 300 vehicles by 2029
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +6.7%
Taranto
An increase of +104.9% was recorded in July
Viking Holdings Cruise Line Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Los Angeles
Net profit of $587.7 million (+33.8%)
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles dropped 5.8% last month.
Los Angeles
In the first seven months of 2026, growth of +1.8% was recorded
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach dropped 1.7% in July.
Long Beach
In the first seven months of this year, total traffic was 5,758,086 TEUs (+1.2%)
In the second quarter, RCL recorded an increase in revenues that was outweighed by the increase in operating costs
Bangkok
Net profit down 1.1%
Danish DFDS's quarterly financial performance improves
Copenhagen
In the April-June quarter, rolling stock transported by the fleet increased by 1.1%. Passengers decreased by 8.9%.
Container traffic at HHLA terminals decreased by -8.0% in the second quarter
Hamburg
Revenues increased by 2.5%. Operating costs increased by 5.7%.
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