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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 3/2000 - MARCH 2000

Sea Transport

CMA alla ribalta

Allorquando nel 1996 la CMA portò a termine con successo l'acquisizione della CGM per una somma di 20 milioni di franchi francesi (anche se all'acquisizione erano associate tutta una serie di implicazioni, per un valore di più di 1 miliardo di franchi), alcuni avevano previsto che si sarebbe verificata una spaccatura interna a livello familiare.

Fino a quel momento, la compagnia di navigazione era stata controllata congiuntamente da Jacques Saadé, nella sede di Marsiglia, e da suo fratello minore Johnny, nella sede di Beirut. Questa direzione astutamente strutturata su due filoni indipendenti aveva assistito nei cinque anni precedenti alla crescita della compagnia da una relativa oscurità alla posizione di tredicesimo fornitore mondiale di spazi-containers.

Alcuni potrebbero ribattere che la suddetta struttura direzionale rimane a tutt'oggi, ma quello che è chiaro è che la proprietà della compagnia è cambiata. Essa non è più equamente suddivisa tra i due fratelli: situazione, questa, che è aspramente contestata da Johnny Saadé. Pertanto, ci si domanda come ciò possa essere accaduto, dati i trascorsi buoni risultati della CMA, e quali speranze vi siano per il futuro.

Il succo della storia è che la stabilità familiare ha subito uno scossone quando Johnny Saadé - da quel che si dice - fece marcia indietro rispetto al proprio accordo sulla CMA per comprare la CGM, costringendo così la compagnia di proprietà di Jacques, la Merit SAL, ad entrare nella società prendendo il suo posto.

Ai sensi delle clausole originarie dell'accordo, la CMA e la CGM dovevano mantenersi finanziariamente distinte per un minimo di due anni. Nel corso di questo aspro periodo, allorquando la CMA di conseguenza dovette essere ricapitalizzata per 80 milioni di franchi (a partire dal mese di settembre del 1997), si dice che Johnny Saadé non sia riuscito - d'altra parte - a far fronte a tutti i suoi impegni finanziari in tempo utile, di modo che Jacques poté rilevare queste opzioni, riducendo in tal modo la quota azionaria di suo fratello nella società dal 48,5% al 22%.

Il risultato finale è stato che, quando la CMA e la CGM vennero alla fine integrate a settembre del 1999, con la conseguente eliminazione dei due marchi distinti, la società di Johnny (la Mistral) finì per disporre del solo 10,1% delle quote azionarie congiunte (CMA CGM SA), mentre Jacques ebbe un peso ben maggiore nei posti di comando con l'83%. Rodolphe, figlio di Jacques, da allora è divenuto vice presidente, mentre anche la figlia Tanya è diventata uno dei principali consiglieri di amministrazione (si occupa delle comunicazioni).

Johnny Saadé ha ripetutamente contestato di fronte ai tribunali francesi le iniziative del fratello, lamentando una illecita privazione della propria legittima posizione mediante la distorsione dei fatti ed una premeditata cattiva gestione, ma - sino ad ora - senza pervenire a successi di una qualche consistenza. Uno di questi assalti giudiziari, tuttavia, è riuscito nell'impresa di costringere Jacques a rassegnare le dimissioni da presidente della CMA e della CGM nel febbraio dello scorso anno (anche se ne è rimasto il principale azionista). Malgrado la remissione di quella sentenza, fino a questo momento egli si è rifiutato di tornare ad occupare quella carica.

Spiega Jacques: "Sebbene io non sia più il presidente (carica attualmente rivestita da Tristan Vieljeux), sono ancora molto coinvolto nella gestione quotidiana della compagnia di navigazione, di modo che non avverto l'esigenza di quel titolo. Ma, se dovessi tornare in quella carica, probabilmente diventerei nuovamente un bel bersaglio per la stampa ed altri, di modo che preferisco mantenere un profilo più basso fino a quando non sarà stata risolta la nostra disputa familiare privata".

Nel frattempo, la CMA CGM ha continuato a progredire nella propria crescita senza rallentamenti. Nulla del suo dinamismo sembra essere stato perduto per strada, sebbene - come molti possono testimoniare - non si tratti di una compagnia per la quale è sempre facile lavorare. Dal momento dell'acquisizione della CGM, i servizi in perdita della compagnia sono stati completamente ristrutturati, mentre le reti di agenzie della CMA e della CGM sono state unificate. A dicembre del 1998 è stata acquisita la divisione di linea della Australia National Line, seguita - quattro mesi più tardi - dal servizio della Delmas Line dal Mediterraneo alle Indie Occidentali Francesi, alla Guyana ed al Brasile. Sono stati altresì introdotti diversi nuovi servizi.

La spina dorsale della CMA CGM resta il suo servizio settimanale FAL (French Asia Line) dal Nord Europa all'Asia (senza scali diretti in Giappone) che attualmente conduce nell'ambito di una associazione con la NSCSA (National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia) e con la Norasia Line. Attualmente, vengono impiegate su questa rotta complessivamente 9 navi da 4.000/4.400 TEU, ma la CMA CGM ha recentemente ordinato 8 mega-unità da 6.600 TEU al fine di rimpiazzare, a partire dal 2001, il naviglio con cui ora contribuisce alla suddetta flotta.

Il servizio FAL viene effettuato mediante una coordinazione con il servizio settimanale MEX (Med Club Express) dal Mediterraneo all'Asia (anche questo non prevede scali diretti in Giappone), che la compagnia di navigazione conduce in associazione con la Norasia. Sulla rotta vengono impiegate complessivamente 8 navi da 3.300 TEU.

Un terzo allacciamento settimanale Europa/Asia è stato aggiunto a gennaio dello scorso anno. Quest'ultimo, denominato NCJ, ha cominciato col servire porti dal Mediterraneo orientale all'Asia (scali diretti in Giappone compresi), per mezzo di una flotta di 9 navi da 1.600/2.200 TEU. Tre mesi più tardi, è stato esteso al Nord Europa mediante l'aggiunta di una nave. Il mese successivo, il servizio NCJ è stato ulteriormente ampliato su tutto il Pacifico sino a Long Beach ed Oakland. Nel servizio pendolare sono adesso impiegate in totale 15 navi da 1.600/2.200; peraltro - man mano che verranno introdotte navi più grandi nel FAL - le navi attualmente assegnate verranno trasferite al NCJ.

Data questa forte spinta est-ovest, è sorprendente il fatto che un servizio transatlantico dedicato manchi ancora nel portafoglio-servizi della compagnia. La CMA CGM in effetti partecipa ai traffici in direzione ovest quale operatore del servizio giramondo che condivide con la Marfret e la Contship Containerlines, ma solamente in modo minore. La compagnia inoltre acquista spazi-containers transatlantici dalla Maersk nel Mediterraneo.

Commenta Jacques Saadé: "Questo non è il momento giusto, per noi, per entrare così direttamente in questo traffico: è ancora troppo intasato". Tale affermazione implica il fatto che la CMA CGM non vuole ancora essere considerata come un vero e proprio soggetto globale, ma Saadé non è d'accordo con questa interpretazione: "Non sono sicuro che il termine globale significhi davvero che uno debba andare in tutte le parti del mondo. Certamente significa che si debba andare in tutti i posti più importanti: così la vedo io. Noi, poi, andiamo in posti in cui molti altri non vanno".

L'effetto complessivo di tutti i miglioramenti del servizio della compagnia nel corso dell'anno passato è stato che il totale dei suoi carichi è aumentato di circa il 18% nel 1999 sino a 1.350.000 TEU, mentre ci si aspetta che il profitto netto della CMA CGM Holding SA cresca del 57% sino a 313 milioni di franchi francesi (48, 4 milioni di dollari USA). Per il 2000 si prevede un'ulteriore espansione, tra cui l'introduzione di un nuovo importante servizio transpacifico dall'Asia alla Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti, da effettuarsi congiuntamente alla Kien Hung Shipping.

TABELLA 1
LISTA DEI PRINCIPALI SERVIZI DELLA CMA CGM
ServizioDa AFrequenza Commenti
FALNord EuropaAsia SettimanaleSoci: Norasia, NSCSA
MEXMediterraneoAsia SettimanaleSoci: Norasia
NCJ-TPXNord Europa / Mediterraneo Asia /
Costa Occidentale USA
Settimanale  
GALEXNord Europa / Mediterraneo Asia Subcontinente indiano e Medio Oriente SettimanaleTrasbordo a Khor Fakkan e Singapore da FAL/MEX
EPICNord Europa /
Mediterraneo
Subcontinente indiano e Medio Oriente SettimanaleMembro del consorzio EPIC
US MEDMediterraneoCosta Orientale USA SettimanaleNoleggio spazi dalla Maersk; trasbordo ad Algesiras
FASMar RossoMediterraneo orientale ed occidentale;
Mar Nero
SettimanaleCinque servizi di raccordo diversi
Tour du MondeNord Europa Costa Orientale USA, Australasia, Indonesia, Mediterraneo, Nord Europa Ogni
10 giorni
Soci: Contship Containerlines, Marfret
EuromarFrancia, Belgio Marocco, PortogalloSettimanale Servizio di raccordo
French Baltic LineAnversa, Rotterdam Riga, Tallin
e San Pietroburgo
SettimanaleServizio di raccordo
Indie OccidentaliNord Europa, Mediterraneo Indie Occidentali francesi, Guyana francese, Brasile SettimanaleSocio: Maersk
SeagullMediterranean Costa Orientale SudamericaSettimanale Membro del consorzio
ECSANord EuropaCosta Orientale Sudamerica Ogni
5 giorni
 
WCSANord EuropaCosta Occidentale Sudamerica Settimanale 
ANSCONAustraliaGiappone/Corea SettimanaleMembro del consorzio
ANSCONAustraliaAsia SettimanaleMembro del consorzio
Fonte: CMA CGM

Una caratteristica della CMA CGM fino ad ora è stata l'indipendenza della compagnia di navigazione rispetto a molte delle rotte che serve. Sebbene essa abbia operato - e continui ad operare - in associazione con un certo numero di altre linee di navigazione, in genere essa si è ben guardata dal farsi coinvolgere nei grossi consorzi e nelle grandi alleanze.

Commenta Saadé: "Ovviamente, dal momento che abbiamo incrementato le dimensioni delle nostre navi, abbiamo dovuto trovare dei partners che ci aiutassero a riempire gli spazi in eccesso; e continueremo a farlo. Ad esempio, quando avremo ricevuto le navi più grandi nel 2001, avremo altri 4.000 TEU/settimana da riempire, di modo che saremmo molto contenti di lavorare con altri soci. Peraltro, non ci piacciono cose più complicate del mero noleggio o scambio di spazi-containers, perché io credo nell'eguaglianza dei partners. Non credo invece ad associazioni in cui uno dei membri domina gli altri. In questo caso, è meglio non pensare nemmeno allo scambio di spazi-containers".

Saadé, inoltre, non ha nulla in contrario alle conferenze di linea e vorrebbe che queste ultime continuassero ad esistere. Egli è consapevole del fatto che a molti caricatori non piacciono, ma sostiene che i risultati finanziari odierni dei vettori dimostrano chiaramente che non vi è alcun abuso circa una loro posizione privilegiata od immune dalla normativa anti-trust. Egli argomenta altresì che se i caricatori dovessero riuscire ad ottenere il ritiro di tale immunità, ciò finirebbe solamente per affrettare il processo di consolidamento del settore, facendo così fallire il conseguimento dell'obbiettivo propostosi. Comè facile dedurre, le maggiori opportunità di scelta in ordine alle tariffe sarebbero in quel caso sostituite da un minor numero di linee di navigazione tra le quali poter scegliere.

Si dice che i contratti globali rappresentino una tendenza in crescita, alimentata dalla necessità - da parte di alcuni clienti - di dialogare con un numero sempre minore di fornitori di servizio, ma questa non è ancora una questione di primaria importanza. Saadé pensa che in qualsiasi caso vi sarà sempre un ruolo per gli operatori di nicchie di mercato, anche se il numero di questi mercati è in diminuzione.

Saadé approfondisce il discorso: "Ad esempio, noi eravamo soliti essere molto forti nel Mediterraneo orientale e lo siamo ancora, ma tutti quanti vogliono andare là in questi giorni, di modo che noi siamo sempre più interessati ad altre zone come l'Africa settentrionale".

Come accade anche per altri grandi vettori marittimi, lo sviluppo della tecnologia informatica viene considerato una delle maggiori richieste da parte dei clienti. La compagnia di navigazione ha appena aperto un moderno sito web facilmente approcciabile dall'utenza.

Riassumendo, bisogna riconoscere che Saadé senza alcun dubbio non ha nessuna voglia che i dissapori familiari influenzino in qualche modo i progressi della sua compagnia di navigazione.
(da: Containerisation International, febbraio 2000)

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Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
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