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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 3/2000 - MARCH 2000

Sea Transport

CMA alla ribalta

Allorquando nel 1996 la CMA portò a termine con successo l'acquisizione della CGM per una somma di 20 milioni di franchi francesi (anche se all'acquisizione erano associate tutta una serie di implicazioni, per un valore di più di 1 miliardo di franchi), alcuni avevano previsto che si sarebbe verificata una spaccatura interna a livello familiare.

Fino a quel momento, la compagnia di navigazione era stata controllata congiuntamente da Jacques Saadé, nella sede di Marsiglia, e da suo fratello minore Johnny, nella sede di Beirut. Questa direzione astutamente strutturata su due filoni indipendenti aveva assistito nei cinque anni precedenti alla crescita della compagnia da una relativa oscurità alla posizione di tredicesimo fornitore mondiale di spazi-containers.

Alcuni potrebbero ribattere che la suddetta struttura direzionale rimane a tutt'oggi, ma quello che è chiaro è che la proprietà della compagnia è cambiata. Essa non è più equamente suddivisa tra i due fratelli: situazione, questa, che è aspramente contestata da Johnny Saadé. Pertanto, ci si domanda come ciò possa essere accaduto, dati i trascorsi buoni risultati della CMA, e quali speranze vi siano per il futuro.

Il succo della storia è che la stabilità familiare ha subito uno scossone quando Johnny Saadé - da quel che si dice - fece marcia indietro rispetto al proprio accordo sulla CMA per comprare la CGM, costringendo così la compagnia di proprietà di Jacques, la Merit SAL, ad entrare nella società prendendo il suo posto.

Ai sensi delle clausole originarie dell'accordo, la CMA e la CGM dovevano mantenersi finanziariamente distinte per un minimo di due anni. Nel corso di questo aspro periodo, allorquando la CMA di conseguenza dovette essere ricapitalizzata per 80 milioni di franchi (a partire dal mese di settembre del 1997), si dice che Johnny Saadé non sia riuscito - d'altra parte - a far fronte a tutti i suoi impegni finanziari in tempo utile, di modo che Jacques poté rilevare queste opzioni, riducendo in tal modo la quota azionaria di suo fratello nella società dal 48,5% al 22%.

Il risultato finale è stato che, quando la CMA e la CGM vennero alla fine integrate a settembre del 1999, con la conseguente eliminazione dei due marchi distinti, la società di Johnny (la Mistral) finì per disporre del solo 10,1% delle quote azionarie congiunte (CMA CGM SA), mentre Jacques ebbe un peso ben maggiore nei posti di comando con l'83%. Rodolphe, figlio di Jacques, da allora è divenuto vice presidente, mentre anche la figlia Tanya è diventata uno dei principali consiglieri di amministrazione (si occupa delle comunicazioni).

Johnny Saadé ha ripetutamente contestato di fronte ai tribunali francesi le iniziative del fratello, lamentando una illecita privazione della propria legittima posizione mediante la distorsione dei fatti ed una premeditata cattiva gestione, ma - sino ad ora - senza pervenire a successi di una qualche consistenza. Uno di questi assalti giudiziari, tuttavia, è riuscito nell'impresa di costringere Jacques a rassegnare le dimissioni da presidente della CMA e della CGM nel febbraio dello scorso anno (anche se ne è rimasto il principale azionista). Malgrado la remissione di quella sentenza, fino a questo momento egli si è rifiutato di tornare ad occupare quella carica.

Spiega Jacques: "Sebbene io non sia più il presidente (carica attualmente rivestita da Tristan Vieljeux), sono ancora molto coinvolto nella gestione quotidiana della compagnia di navigazione, di modo che non avverto l'esigenza di quel titolo. Ma, se dovessi tornare in quella carica, probabilmente diventerei nuovamente un bel bersaglio per la stampa ed altri, di modo che preferisco mantenere un profilo più basso fino a quando non sarà stata risolta la nostra disputa familiare privata".

Nel frattempo, la CMA CGM ha continuato a progredire nella propria crescita senza rallentamenti. Nulla del suo dinamismo sembra essere stato perduto per strada, sebbene - come molti possono testimoniare - non si tratti di una compagnia per la quale è sempre facile lavorare. Dal momento dell'acquisizione della CGM, i servizi in perdita della compagnia sono stati completamente ristrutturati, mentre le reti di agenzie della CMA e della CGM sono state unificate. A dicembre del 1998 è stata acquisita la divisione di linea della Australia National Line, seguita - quattro mesi più tardi - dal servizio della Delmas Line dal Mediterraneo alle Indie Occidentali Francesi, alla Guyana ed al Brasile. Sono stati altresì introdotti diversi nuovi servizi.

La spina dorsale della CMA CGM resta il suo servizio settimanale FAL (French Asia Line) dal Nord Europa all'Asia (senza scali diretti in Giappone) che attualmente conduce nell'ambito di una associazione con la NSCSA (National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia) e con la Norasia Line. Attualmente, vengono impiegate su questa rotta complessivamente 9 navi da 4.000/4.400 TEU, ma la CMA CGM ha recentemente ordinato 8 mega-unità da 6.600 TEU al fine di rimpiazzare, a partire dal 2001, il naviglio con cui ora contribuisce alla suddetta flotta.

Il servizio FAL viene effettuato mediante una coordinazione con il servizio settimanale MEX (Med Club Express) dal Mediterraneo all'Asia (anche questo non prevede scali diretti in Giappone), che la compagnia di navigazione conduce in associazione con la Norasia. Sulla rotta vengono impiegate complessivamente 8 navi da 3.300 TEU.

Un terzo allacciamento settimanale Europa/Asia è stato aggiunto a gennaio dello scorso anno. Quest'ultimo, denominato NCJ, ha cominciato col servire porti dal Mediterraneo orientale all'Asia (scali diretti in Giappone compresi), per mezzo di una flotta di 9 navi da 1.600/2.200 TEU. Tre mesi più tardi, è stato esteso al Nord Europa mediante l'aggiunta di una nave. Il mese successivo, il servizio NCJ è stato ulteriormente ampliato su tutto il Pacifico sino a Long Beach ed Oakland. Nel servizio pendolare sono adesso impiegate in totale 15 navi da 1.600/2.200; peraltro - man mano che verranno introdotte navi più grandi nel FAL - le navi attualmente assegnate verranno trasferite al NCJ.

Data questa forte spinta est-ovest, è sorprendente il fatto che un servizio transatlantico dedicato manchi ancora nel portafoglio-servizi della compagnia. La CMA CGM in effetti partecipa ai traffici in direzione ovest quale operatore del servizio giramondo che condivide con la Marfret e la Contship Containerlines, ma solamente in modo minore. La compagnia inoltre acquista spazi-containers transatlantici dalla Maersk nel Mediterraneo.

Commenta Jacques Saadé: "Questo non è il momento giusto, per noi, per entrare così direttamente in questo traffico: è ancora troppo intasato". Tale affermazione implica il fatto che la CMA CGM non vuole ancora essere considerata come un vero e proprio soggetto globale, ma Saadé non è d'accordo con questa interpretazione: "Non sono sicuro che il termine globale significhi davvero che uno debba andare in tutte le parti del mondo. Certamente significa che si debba andare in tutti i posti più importanti: così la vedo io. Noi, poi, andiamo in posti in cui molti altri non vanno".

L'effetto complessivo di tutti i miglioramenti del servizio della compagnia nel corso dell'anno passato è stato che il totale dei suoi carichi è aumentato di circa il 18% nel 1999 sino a 1.350.000 TEU, mentre ci si aspetta che il profitto netto della CMA CGM Holding SA cresca del 57% sino a 313 milioni di franchi francesi (48, 4 milioni di dollari USA). Per il 2000 si prevede un'ulteriore espansione, tra cui l'introduzione di un nuovo importante servizio transpacifico dall'Asia alla Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti, da effettuarsi congiuntamente alla Kien Hung Shipping.

TABELLA 1
LISTA DEI PRINCIPALI SERVIZI DELLA CMA CGM
ServizioDa AFrequenza Commenti
FALNord EuropaAsia SettimanaleSoci: Norasia, NSCSA
MEXMediterraneoAsia SettimanaleSoci: Norasia
NCJ-TPXNord Europa / Mediterraneo Asia /
Costa Occidentale USA
Settimanale  
GALEXNord Europa / Mediterraneo Asia Subcontinente indiano e Medio Oriente SettimanaleTrasbordo a Khor Fakkan e Singapore da FAL/MEX
EPICNord Europa /
Mediterraneo
Subcontinente indiano e Medio Oriente SettimanaleMembro del consorzio EPIC
US MEDMediterraneoCosta Orientale USA SettimanaleNoleggio spazi dalla Maersk; trasbordo ad Algesiras
FASMar RossoMediterraneo orientale ed occidentale;
Mar Nero
SettimanaleCinque servizi di raccordo diversi
Tour du MondeNord Europa Costa Orientale USA, Australasia, Indonesia, Mediterraneo, Nord Europa Ogni
10 giorni
Soci: Contship Containerlines, Marfret
EuromarFrancia, Belgio Marocco, PortogalloSettimanale Servizio di raccordo
French Baltic LineAnversa, Rotterdam Riga, Tallin
e San Pietroburgo
SettimanaleServizio di raccordo
Indie OccidentaliNord Europa, Mediterraneo Indie Occidentali francesi, Guyana francese, Brasile SettimanaleSocio: Maersk
SeagullMediterranean Costa Orientale SudamericaSettimanale Membro del consorzio
ECSANord EuropaCosta Orientale Sudamerica Ogni
5 giorni
 
WCSANord EuropaCosta Occidentale Sudamerica Settimanale 
ANSCONAustraliaGiappone/Corea SettimanaleMembro del consorzio
ANSCONAustraliaAsia SettimanaleMembro del consorzio
Fonte: CMA CGM

Una caratteristica della CMA CGM fino ad ora è stata l'indipendenza della compagnia di navigazione rispetto a molte delle rotte che serve. Sebbene essa abbia operato - e continui ad operare - in associazione con un certo numero di altre linee di navigazione, in genere essa si è ben guardata dal farsi coinvolgere nei grossi consorzi e nelle grandi alleanze.

Commenta Saadé: "Ovviamente, dal momento che abbiamo incrementato le dimensioni delle nostre navi, abbiamo dovuto trovare dei partners che ci aiutassero a riempire gli spazi in eccesso; e continueremo a farlo. Ad esempio, quando avremo ricevuto le navi più grandi nel 2001, avremo altri 4.000 TEU/settimana da riempire, di modo che saremmo molto contenti di lavorare con altri soci. Peraltro, non ci piacciono cose più complicate del mero noleggio o scambio di spazi-containers, perché io credo nell'eguaglianza dei partners. Non credo invece ad associazioni in cui uno dei membri domina gli altri. In questo caso, è meglio non pensare nemmeno allo scambio di spazi-containers".

Saadé, inoltre, non ha nulla in contrario alle conferenze di linea e vorrebbe che queste ultime continuassero ad esistere. Egli è consapevole del fatto che a molti caricatori non piacciono, ma sostiene che i risultati finanziari odierni dei vettori dimostrano chiaramente che non vi è alcun abuso circa una loro posizione privilegiata od immune dalla normativa anti-trust. Egli argomenta altresì che se i caricatori dovessero riuscire ad ottenere il ritiro di tale immunità, ciò finirebbe solamente per affrettare il processo di consolidamento del settore, facendo così fallire il conseguimento dell'obbiettivo propostosi. Comè facile dedurre, le maggiori opportunità di scelta in ordine alle tariffe sarebbero in quel caso sostituite da un minor numero di linee di navigazione tra le quali poter scegliere.

Si dice che i contratti globali rappresentino una tendenza in crescita, alimentata dalla necessità - da parte di alcuni clienti - di dialogare con un numero sempre minore di fornitori di servizio, ma questa non è ancora una questione di primaria importanza. Saadé pensa che in qualsiasi caso vi sarà sempre un ruolo per gli operatori di nicchie di mercato, anche se il numero di questi mercati è in diminuzione.

Saadé approfondisce il discorso: "Ad esempio, noi eravamo soliti essere molto forti nel Mediterraneo orientale e lo siamo ancora, ma tutti quanti vogliono andare là in questi giorni, di modo che noi siamo sempre più interessati ad altre zone come l'Africa settentrionale".

Come accade anche per altri grandi vettori marittimi, lo sviluppo della tecnologia informatica viene considerato una delle maggiori richieste da parte dei clienti. La compagnia di navigazione ha appena aperto un moderno sito web facilmente approcciabile dall'utenza.

Riassumendo, bisogna riconoscere che Saadé senza alcun dubbio non ha nessuna voglia che i dissapori familiari influenzino in qualche modo i progressi della sua compagnia di navigazione.
(da: Containerisation International, febbraio 2000)

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Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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