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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 3/2000 - MARCH 2000

Sea Transport

CMA alla ribalta

Allorquando nel 1996 la CMA portò a termine con successo l'acquisizione della CGM per una somma di 20 milioni di franchi francesi (anche se all'acquisizione erano associate tutta una serie di implicazioni, per un valore di più di 1 miliardo di franchi), alcuni avevano previsto che si sarebbe verificata una spaccatura interna a livello familiare.

Fino a quel momento, la compagnia di navigazione era stata controllata congiuntamente da Jacques Saadé, nella sede di Marsiglia, e da suo fratello minore Johnny, nella sede di Beirut. Questa direzione astutamente strutturata su due filoni indipendenti aveva assistito nei cinque anni precedenti alla crescita della compagnia da una relativa oscurità alla posizione di tredicesimo fornitore mondiale di spazi-containers.

Alcuni potrebbero ribattere che la suddetta struttura direzionale rimane a tutt'oggi, ma quello che è chiaro è che la proprietà della compagnia è cambiata. Essa non è più equamente suddivisa tra i due fratelli: situazione, questa, che è aspramente contestata da Johnny Saadé. Pertanto, ci si domanda come ciò possa essere accaduto, dati i trascorsi buoni risultati della CMA, e quali speranze vi siano per il futuro.

Il succo della storia è che la stabilità familiare ha subito uno scossone quando Johnny Saadé - da quel che si dice - fece marcia indietro rispetto al proprio accordo sulla CMA per comprare la CGM, costringendo così la compagnia di proprietà di Jacques, la Merit SAL, ad entrare nella società prendendo il suo posto.

Ai sensi delle clausole originarie dell'accordo, la CMA e la CGM dovevano mantenersi finanziariamente distinte per un minimo di due anni. Nel corso di questo aspro periodo, allorquando la CMA di conseguenza dovette essere ricapitalizzata per 80 milioni di franchi (a partire dal mese di settembre del 1997), si dice che Johnny Saadé non sia riuscito - d'altra parte - a far fronte a tutti i suoi impegni finanziari in tempo utile, di modo che Jacques poté rilevare queste opzioni, riducendo in tal modo la quota azionaria di suo fratello nella società dal 48,5% al 22%.

Il risultato finale è stato che, quando la CMA e la CGM vennero alla fine integrate a settembre del 1999, con la conseguente eliminazione dei due marchi distinti, la società di Johnny (la Mistral) finì per disporre del solo 10,1% delle quote azionarie congiunte (CMA CGM SA), mentre Jacques ebbe un peso ben maggiore nei posti di comando con l'83%. Rodolphe, figlio di Jacques, da allora è divenuto vice presidente, mentre anche la figlia Tanya è diventata uno dei principali consiglieri di amministrazione (si occupa delle comunicazioni).

Johnny Saadé ha ripetutamente contestato di fronte ai tribunali francesi le iniziative del fratello, lamentando una illecita privazione della propria legittima posizione mediante la distorsione dei fatti ed una premeditata cattiva gestione, ma - sino ad ora - senza pervenire a successi di una qualche consistenza. Uno di questi assalti giudiziari, tuttavia, è riuscito nell'impresa di costringere Jacques a rassegnare le dimissioni da presidente della CMA e della CGM nel febbraio dello scorso anno (anche se ne è rimasto il principale azionista). Malgrado la remissione di quella sentenza, fino a questo momento egli si è rifiutato di tornare ad occupare quella carica.

Spiega Jacques: "Sebbene io non sia più il presidente (carica attualmente rivestita da Tristan Vieljeux), sono ancora molto coinvolto nella gestione quotidiana della compagnia di navigazione, di modo che non avverto l'esigenza di quel titolo. Ma, se dovessi tornare in quella carica, probabilmente diventerei nuovamente un bel bersaglio per la stampa ed altri, di modo che preferisco mantenere un profilo più basso fino a quando non sarà stata risolta la nostra disputa familiare privata".

Nel frattempo, la CMA CGM ha continuato a progredire nella propria crescita senza rallentamenti. Nulla del suo dinamismo sembra essere stato perduto per strada, sebbene - come molti possono testimoniare - non si tratti di una compagnia per la quale è sempre facile lavorare. Dal momento dell'acquisizione della CGM, i servizi in perdita della compagnia sono stati completamente ristrutturati, mentre le reti di agenzie della CMA e della CGM sono state unificate. A dicembre del 1998 è stata acquisita la divisione di linea della Australia National Line, seguita - quattro mesi più tardi - dal servizio della Delmas Line dal Mediterraneo alle Indie Occidentali Francesi, alla Guyana ed al Brasile. Sono stati altresì introdotti diversi nuovi servizi.

La spina dorsale della CMA CGM resta il suo servizio settimanale FAL (French Asia Line) dal Nord Europa all'Asia (senza scali diretti in Giappone) che attualmente conduce nell'ambito di una associazione con la NSCSA (National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia) e con la Norasia Line. Attualmente, vengono impiegate su questa rotta complessivamente 9 navi da 4.000/4.400 TEU, ma la CMA CGM ha recentemente ordinato 8 mega-unità da 6.600 TEU al fine di rimpiazzare, a partire dal 2001, il naviglio con cui ora contribuisce alla suddetta flotta.

Il servizio FAL viene effettuato mediante una coordinazione con il servizio settimanale MEX (Med Club Express) dal Mediterraneo all'Asia (anche questo non prevede scali diretti in Giappone), che la compagnia di navigazione conduce in associazione con la Norasia. Sulla rotta vengono impiegate complessivamente 8 navi da 3.300 TEU.

Un terzo allacciamento settimanale Europa/Asia è stato aggiunto a gennaio dello scorso anno. Quest'ultimo, denominato NCJ, ha cominciato col servire porti dal Mediterraneo orientale all'Asia (scali diretti in Giappone compresi), per mezzo di una flotta di 9 navi da 1.600/2.200 TEU. Tre mesi più tardi, è stato esteso al Nord Europa mediante l'aggiunta di una nave. Il mese successivo, il servizio NCJ è stato ulteriormente ampliato su tutto il Pacifico sino a Long Beach ed Oakland. Nel servizio pendolare sono adesso impiegate in totale 15 navi da 1.600/2.200; peraltro - man mano che verranno introdotte navi più grandi nel FAL - le navi attualmente assegnate verranno trasferite al NCJ.

Data questa forte spinta est-ovest, è sorprendente il fatto che un servizio transatlantico dedicato manchi ancora nel portafoglio-servizi della compagnia. La CMA CGM in effetti partecipa ai traffici in direzione ovest quale operatore del servizio giramondo che condivide con la Marfret e la Contship Containerlines, ma solamente in modo minore. La compagnia inoltre acquista spazi-containers transatlantici dalla Maersk nel Mediterraneo.

Commenta Jacques Saadé: "Questo non è il momento giusto, per noi, per entrare così direttamente in questo traffico: è ancora troppo intasato". Tale affermazione implica il fatto che la CMA CGM non vuole ancora essere considerata come un vero e proprio soggetto globale, ma Saadé non è d'accordo con questa interpretazione: "Non sono sicuro che il termine globale significhi davvero che uno debba andare in tutte le parti del mondo. Certamente significa che si debba andare in tutti i posti più importanti: così la vedo io. Noi, poi, andiamo in posti in cui molti altri non vanno".

L'effetto complessivo di tutti i miglioramenti del servizio della compagnia nel corso dell'anno passato è stato che il totale dei suoi carichi è aumentato di circa il 18% nel 1999 sino a 1.350.000 TEU, mentre ci si aspetta che il profitto netto della CMA CGM Holding SA cresca del 57% sino a 313 milioni di franchi francesi (48, 4 milioni di dollari USA). Per il 2000 si prevede un'ulteriore espansione, tra cui l'introduzione di un nuovo importante servizio transpacifico dall'Asia alla Costa Orientale degli Stati Uniti, da effettuarsi congiuntamente alla Kien Hung Shipping.

TABELLA 1
LISTA DEI PRINCIPALI SERVIZI DELLA CMA CGM
ServizioDa AFrequenza Commenti
FALNord EuropaAsia SettimanaleSoci: Norasia, NSCSA
MEXMediterraneoAsia SettimanaleSoci: Norasia
NCJ-TPXNord Europa / Mediterraneo Asia /
Costa Occidentale USA
Settimanale  
GALEXNord Europa / Mediterraneo Asia Subcontinente indiano e Medio Oriente SettimanaleTrasbordo a Khor Fakkan e Singapore da FAL/MEX
EPICNord Europa /
Mediterraneo
Subcontinente indiano e Medio Oriente SettimanaleMembro del consorzio EPIC
US MEDMediterraneoCosta Orientale USA SettimanaleNoleggio spazi dalla Maersk; trasbordo ad Algesiras
FASMar RossoMediterraneo orientale ed occidentale;
Mar Nero
SettimanaleCinque servizi di raccordo diversi
Tour du MondeNord Europa Costa Orientale USA, Australasia, Indonesia, Mediterraneo, Nord Europa Ogni
10 giorni
Soci: Contship Containerlines, Marfret
EuromarFrancia, Belgio Marocco, PortogalloSettimanale Servizio di raccordo
French Baltic LineAnversa, Rotterdam Riga, Tallin
e San Pietroburgo
SettimanaleServizio di raccordo
Indie OccidentaliNord Europa, Mediterraneo Indie Occidentali francesi, Guyana francese, Brasile SettimanaleSocio: Maersk
SeagullMediterranean Costa Orientale SudamericaSettimanale Membro del consorzio
ECSANord EuropaCosta Orientale Sudamerica Ogni
5 giorni
 
WCSANord EuropaCosta Occidentale Sudamerica Settimanale 
ANSCONAustraliaGiappone/Corea SettimanaleMembro del consorzio
ANSCONAustraliaAsia SettimanaleMembro del consorzio
Fonte: CMA CGM

Una caratteristica della CMA CGM fino ad ora è stata l'indipendenza della compagnia di navigazione rispetto a molte delle rotte che serve. Sebbene essa abbia operato - e continui ad operare - in associazione con un certo numero di altre linee di navigazione, in genere essa si è ben guardata dal farsi coinvolgere nei grossi consorzi e nelle grandi alleanze.

Commenta Saadé: "Ovviamente, dal momento che abbiamo incrementato le dimensioni delle nostre navi, abbiamo dovuto trovare dei partners che ci aiutassero a riempire gli spazi in eccesso; e continueremo a farlo. Ad esempio, quando avremo ricevuto le navi più grandi nel 2001, avremo altri 4.000 TEU/settimana da riempire, di modo che saremmo molto contenti di lavorare con altri soci. Peraltro, non ci piacciono cose più complicate del mero noleggio o scambio di spazi-containers, perché io credo nell'eguaglianza dei partners. Non credo invece ad associazioni in cui uno dei membri domina gli altri. In questo caso, è meglio non pensare nemmeno allo scambio di spazi-containers".

Saadé, inoltre, non ha nulla in contrario alle conferenze di linea e vorrebbe che queste ultime continuassero ad esistere. Egli è consapevole del fatto che a molti caricatori non piacciono, ma sostiene che i risultati finanziari odierni dei vettori dimostrano chiaramente che non vi è alcun abuso circa una loro posizione privilegiata od immune dalla normativa anti-trust. Egli argomenta altresì che se i caricatori dovessero riuscire ad ottenere il ritiro di tale immunità, ciò finirebbe solamente per affrettare il processo di consolidamento del settore, facendo così fallire il conseguimento dell'obbiettivo propostosi. Comè facile dedurre, le maggiori opportunità di scelta in ordine alle tariffe sarebbero in quel caso sostituite da un minor numero di linee di navigazione tra le quali poter scegliere.

Si dice che i contratti globali rappresentino una tendenza in crescita, alimentata dalla necessità - da parte di alcuni clienti - di dialogare con un numero sempre minore di fornitori di servizio, ma questa non è ancora una questione di primaria importanza. Saadé pensa che in qualsiasi caso vi sarà sempre un ruolo per gli operatori di nicchie di mercato, anche se il numero di questi mercati è in diminuzione.

Saadé approfondisce il discorso: "Ad esempio, noi eravamo soliti essere molto forti nel Mediterraneo orientale e lo siamo ancora, ma tutti quanti vogliono andare là in questi giorni, di modo che noi siamo sempre più interessati ad altre zone come l'Africa settentrionale".

Come accade anche per altri grandi vettori marittimi, lo sviluppo della tecnologia informatica viene considerato una delle maggiori richieste da parte dei clienti. La compagnia di navigazione ha appena aperto un moderno sito web facilmente approcciabile dall'utenza.

Riassumendo, bisogna riconoscere che Saadé senza alcun dubbio non ha nessuna voglia che i dissapori familiari influenzino in qualche modo i progressi della sua compagnia di navigazione.
(da: Containerisation International, febbraio 2000)

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Hanwha brings Philadelphia Naval Shipyard under Defense Division control
Arlington
The goal is to integrate the construction of commercial and military ships
The Ports of La Spezia and Carrara approve the 2027-2029 Three-Year Public Works Program and the 2027 Budget.
La Spezia
Pisano: PTLP concrete and consistent with currently available resources
Port concessions: Regional Administrative Court (TAR) blocks 2025 fee increase
Rome
The appeal of Assiterminal and sixteen port companies has been accepted.
Wärtsilä sees quarterly order increases, but not in the Marine segment
Helsinki
In the period July-September the company recorded a net profit of 125 million euros (-31%)
Montaresi appointed general secretary of the Eastern Ligurian Sea Port Authority for another four years.
La Spezia
Renewal of office on the proposal of President Pisano
Double ceremony for two Explora Journeys ships at the Fincantieri shipyard in Genoa
Genoa
Launch of "Explora V" and coin ceremony of "Explora VI"
Italian CMD passes under the control of the UAE group EDGE
Abu Dhabi/Rome
Cousins Mariano and Giorgio Negri retain a significant shareholding
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority presents the new layout of the port of Piombino.
Livorno
Gariglio: A concrete step towards industrial reconversion and the future of Piombino.
FS Logistix has purchased six new CZ LOKO locomotives for freight and shunting services
Rome/Prague
This is the fourth order of this type for the Czech company in ten years.
Port of Bremerhaven: The cruise ship Mein Schiff 3 collided with two container ships.
Bremen
No injuries. The cruise was canceled.
Paolo Moretti has been appointed CEO of RINA Spa.
Genoa
Giosuè Vezzuto has assumed the role of CEO of RINA Services
HD Hyundai and Kiewit to establish joint venture at new shipyard in the US
Houston/Seoul
The construction of both military and commercial vessels is planned
Konecranes' quarterly port equipment orders decline as revenue increases
Helsinki
Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
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