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15 September 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
13:05 GMT+2
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 1-2/2002 - JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2002

Trasporto intermodale

Il trasporto intermodale Italia-Nord Europa

Anche se la maggior parte dei traffici containerizzabili dall'Italia al Nord Europa vengono movimentati mediante servizi camionistici o di cabotaggio marittimo, la stessa attività può essere espletata mediante una combinazione di ferrovia e strada, com'è dimostrato dal successo delle operazioni condotte dalla Ambrogio. L'impresa italiana attualmente offre nove treni alla settimana, utilizzando Gallarate (40 km a nord-ovest di Milano) e Torino quali centri di snodo in Italia, nonché Muizen in Belgio. Essa inoltre offre un servizio diverso dall'Italia all'Europa centro-orientale via Neuss, in Germania. La consegna successiva presso i locali della clientela viene normalmente assicurata a mezzo autotrasporto.

I suoi servizi ferroviari dall'Italia a Muizen, che vengono visti come una mera connessione nella catena trasportistica, sono assicurati dalla ICF (Intercontainer-Interfrigo). La Ambrogio si occupa solamente della fornitura dei carri. I tempi di viaggio sono di circa 21 ore. Un altro operatore ferroviario ancora, la DB Cargo, unitamente alla società ferroviaria nazionale svizzera SBB Cargo, viene invece utilizzato per i suoi servizi dall'Italia alla Germania "per incoraggiare la concorrenza".

Nel 2000, la Ambrogio ha movimentato circa 140.000 TEU dall'Italia al Nord Europa, per lo più per conto di grossi clienti specialisti in prodotti chimici, quali la Dow, la Monsanto e la BASF. Secondo l'operatore, tutti quanti vorrebbero ridurre il numero dei fornitori di servizi di cui si servono.

Lydon Kearsley, dirigente della sua divisione servizio clienti nel Regno Unito, argomenta: "Fino a non molto tempo fa, eravamo soliti ritrovarci a lavorare assieme a molti altri fornitori di servizio. Ora la tendenza è per una riduzione del loro numero. Nessuno sembra avere tempo o risorse sufficienti a movimentare un gran numero di relazioni con diversi fornitori, di modo che gli operatori da porta a porta come noi sono favoriti. E' duro per le piccole imprese, ma il mondo va così". Pertanto, i principali concorrenti della società sono altri operatori di grossi volumi come la Danzas.

Una particolare caratteristica del servizio della Ambrogio dall'Italia al Nord Europa è rappresentata dal fatto che essa impiega solamente swapbodies pallet-wide da 40-45 piedi. I normali containers marittimi sono considerati fuori questione a causa del loro carico utile inferiore. Spiega Kearsley: "A nostro giudizio, la fornitura effettuata mediante swapbodies pallet-wide da 45 piedi è essenziale nel mercato odierno. Non si tratta, davvero, di una scelta. Se noi usassimo qualcos'altro per i normali traffici, non saremmo i grado di competere con gli autocarri da 13,6 metri (44,6 piedi)".

La questione è interessante, tenendo presente il numero di servizi di cabotaggio marittimo che si fanno concorrenza nei traffici containerizzati dal Nord Europa al Mediterraneo, sebbene la percentuale di carichi infra-europei che essi trasportano, rispetto ai traffici di raccordo puramente marittimi, sia spesso un argomento controverso. Anche alcune compagnie di navigazione, come la Maersk Sealand, forniscono attrezzature del tipo pallet-wide da 45 piedi, così come fanno operatori marittimi a corto raggio quale la Geest North Sea Line.

Poiché il grande svantaggio degli swapbodies consiste nel fatto che non possono essere impilati, la Ambrogio tiene le proprie unità costantemente in movimento, in modo che esse richiedono poco spazio di deposito. I tempi di fermo sono tenuti al minimo: solitamente, meno di un giorno. Appena viene effettuata la registrazione ad un capo della tratta, i suoi uffici siti all'altro capo vengono allertati al fine di reperire il carico di ritorno. Vi è un dialogo costante tra tutte le parti coinvolte, compresi caricatori e consegnatari, allo scopo di coordinare nel migliore dei modi le importazioni e le esportazioni per eliminare i ritorni a vuoto.

Il confronto è immediato con il mercato dei traffici marittimi a lungo raggio, laddove gli agenti marittimi spesso ricevono il manifesto della nave solamente pochi giorni prima dell'arrivo, il che lascia meno tempo per organizzare tali accordi, malgrado i tempi di viaggio più lunghi.

La Ambrogio si serve della ferrovia dall'Italia al Nord Europa principalmente in ragione della loro capacità di accettare registrazioni in blocco nonché di offrire un carico utile di circa 28 tonnellate sulle direttrici transalpine attraverso la Svizzera. I camion che passano per la Svizzera sono normalmente limitati a circa 15 tonnellate e devono portare con sé la documentazione doganale T. Nel caso della registrazione in blocco, una volta che la consegna complessiva è giunta all'altro capo della tratta, i consegnatari possono ritirare i singoli swapbodies in modo più comodo, invece di dover fare i conti con l'arrivo in orario dei camion sulle lunghe distanze.

Una caratteristica notevole del mercato continentale con l'Italia è costituita dal fatto che esso propende in modo rilevante per la direzione sud. In altre parole, sono più i carichi che vanno in Italia di quelli che ne escono, di modo che gli operatori devono far fronte ad un costante problema di bilancio. Allo scopo di porvi rimedio, la Ambrogio ha dato inizio a quello che era quasi considerato un servizio ausiliario dall'Italia al Regno Unito via Muizen all'inizio degli anni '90, dato che questa parte del traffico propende per la direzione nord. Il suo obiettivo primario era quello di contribuire al riposizionamento dei vuoti di ritorno a Muizen per i carichi in direzione sud.

Peraltro, da quando la Unilog - operatore ferroviario nel Tunnel della Manica - ha spostato il suo terminal di snodo a Muizen nel 1994, il servizio è decollato per proprio conto. La Ambrogio attualmente registra dalle 15 alle 20 unità al giorno alla volta del Regno Unito con la suddetta società, il che rappresenta un incremento del 50% rispetto al 2000, nonché del 65% rispetto al 1999. Essa, adesso, è il terzo cliente per ordine di grandezza di quell'operatore ferroviario. Approfondisce il discorso Kearsley: "Questa parte del nostro traffico ha ora raggiunto la fase in cui può reggersi sulle sue gambe, anche se dobbiamo ancora riposizionare un mucchio di vuoti che tornano a Muizen. Non vale la pena di perdere troppo tempo nel Regno Unito alla ricerca del carico di ritorno, dato che là qualsiasi cosa è troppo cara".

La Ambrogio attribuisce il successo delle proprie operazioni britanniche alla migliorata affidabilità ed ai migliori tempi di viaggio da quando è stata coinvolta la Unilog, unitamente al naturale incremento dei traffici infra-europei, nonché al fatto che i suoi clienti preferiscono dialogare con un numero minore di fornitori di servizio.

Oltre a servirsi della Unilog, la Ambrogio spedisce un po' di traffico indirizzato nel Regno Unito - principalmente nella zona di Londra via Zeebrugge - impiegando operatori di cabotaggio quali la Dart Line o la P&O North Sea Ferries. Afferma Kearsley: "Gli scioperi in Francia sono sempre una eventualità possibile, cosicché è sempre meglio poter disporre di rotte alternative. Inoltre, alcuni carichi rischiosi possono essere movimentati solamente via mare".

La politica da perseguire adesso dev'essere quella dell'ottenimento di dividendi, dal momento che recentemente i servizi di trasporto merci attraverso il Tunnel della Manica sono stati pesantemente limitati a causa dei pericoli provocati dagli immigranti clandestini che tentavano di penetrare nel Regno Unito. Dove porterà tutto ciò, resta da vedersi: il governo britannico adesso commina multe salate agli operatori che fanno viaggiare i clandestini a bordo delle proprie attrezzature e le autorità francesi sembrano incapaci di impedirlo.

Il trasferimento della Unilog a Muizen nel 1994 non è stato un caso. Il direttore commerciale della società, Tony Davis, commenta: "Poco prima dell'apertura del Tunnel della Manica, avevamo bisogno di trovare un terminal hub conveniente in Belgio ed abbiamo quindi scelto Muizen, più che altro a causa della sua localizzazione centrale e delle sue buone connessioni ferroviarie, ma anche perché la Ambrogio disponeva di suoi depositi là, cosicché abbiamo potuto constatare che avrebbe potuto fare al caso nostro".

La Unilog appartiene per il 45% alla società ferroviaria con sede nel Regno Unito EWS, mentre per il 55% è partecipata dalla IFB (Inter Ferry Boat), appartenente in maggioranza alla società ferroviaria nazionale belga B Cargo. Unitamente alla francese SNCF, essi forniscono la trazione necessaria a muovere la speciale flotta di carri della Unilog predisposti per i containers da Muizen ai capolinea ferroviari di Manchester, Daventry e Glasgow (Mossend) nel Regno Unito. Questi carri consentono il trasporto dei box da 9 piedi ed 1 pollice. Il suo servizio da e per Londra è stato sospeso a giugno a causa di difficoltà con gli orari.

La società ora offre sei viaggi alla settimana da Muizen al Regno Unito, con partenza da Muizen il giorno A, arrivo a Daventry ed a Manchester il giorno B ed a Mossend il giorno C. Gli stessi tempi di viaggio sono previsti anche per il viaggio di ritorno. Un servizio di connessione da Muizen a Duisburg in Germania arriva il giorno successivo.

La bellezza dell'operazione ferroviaria, rispetto al trasporto marittimo, sta nel fatto che i containers o gli swapbodies possono essere consegnati al terminal di partenza fino a 100 minuti prima della partenza del treno, mentre la raccolta stradale ha bisogno di soli 75 minuti di tempo per lo scarico all'arrivo. La documentazione doganale e di carico, che fanno perdere tempo, viene così soppressa.

I tempi di viaggio ferroviari sono un valido argomento di vendita sia per la Unilog che per la Ambrogio. Commenta Kearsley: "Quando diciamo ai nostri clienti che partiamo da Milano il giorno A ed arriviamo a Muizen il giorno C, intendiamo prelievo in loco e raccolta compresi. Ed abbiamo il tempo per consegnare il carico ai clienti nella circostante area del Benelux alle h. 8.00 di quel giorno. Quanto al traffico diretto a Daventry ed a Manchester, la consegna avverrà un giorno più tardi, il giorno D. Dato che il nostro terminal di Muizen è separato da quello della Unilog solamente da un recinto, non si perde tempo con passaggi da uno all'altro che creano confusione".

Davis vorrebbe che il suo servizio di collegamento fosse il più semplice possibile. Fatta eccezione per particolari trascurabili, il terminal ferroviario di Muizen è gestito dalla IFB, il suo azionista di maggioranza, i cui uffici sono nello stesso edificio. Osserva Davis: "La Unilog dispone qui di tre sole persone operative, più altre tre nel Regno Unito, così tutti conoscono tutti e non c'è spazio per equivoci di sorta. Se un container è in ritardo, oppure lo è un treno, sappiamo immediatamente chi contattare per vedere come possa risolversi il problema. E' facile".

Anche i suoi accordi contrattuali con la clientela vengono mantenuti nella maggiore semplicità possibile al fine di ridurre al minimo le attività amministrative. Le tariffe vengono sempre quotate su base da terminal a terminal. Sebbene esse tendano a riferirsi ai quantitativi, il differimento dei rimborsi inerenti ai volumi viene considerato troppo ingombrante. Le tariffe contrattuali vengono di norma concordate sulla base di meri scambi verbali e vengono considerate valide per un periodo di tempo oscillante tra i sei ed i dodici mesi. Commenta Davis: "Noi cerchiamo di operare su livelli di assoluta fiducia. I nostri margini in ogni caso sono oltremodo piccoli, per essere in grado di competere con l'autotrasporto, di modo che non vi è molto spazio per qualcosa di più raffinato".

Nel 2000, la società ha trasportato circa 15.000 TEU da Muizen al Regno Unito. Un numero significativo di questi ultimi consisteva in contenitori cisterna che sono adatti al trasporto ferroviario in ragione del loro peso. La società si aspetta di trasportare lo stesso quantitativo di traffico nel 2001, a meno che il problema degli immigrati clandestini a Calais non si aggravi. Per quanto l'incremento del limite massimo del peso sulle strade britanniche da 41 a 44 tonnellate nello scorso mese di febbraio 2001 non l'abbia certo favorita, Davis sostiene che la società sia stata in grado di compensare dal 5 al 6% delle perdite di traffico mediante l'acquisizione di nuove attività. Sino a febbraio 2001, solo i camion che trasportavano traffico intermodale potevano pesare sino a 44 tonnellate.

Ma ulteriori, nuove attività si affacciano alla porta. Nel novembre 2001, il governo britannico ha finalmente concesso il finanziamento degli oneri di accesso ai binari del Regno Unito nell'ordine del 50%, il che dovrebbe rendere maggiormente competitivi i suoi prezzi. Anche la politica dell'Unione Europea di aprire ad una maggiore concorrenza il trasporto ferroviario transfrontaliero entro marzo 2003 dovrebbe comportare miglioramenti operativi. Al momento, i carri della Unilog vengono trainati da tre diverse società. A partire dal marzo 2002, esse potrebbero ridursi ad una sola. Nello stesso tempo, anche i tempi di viaggio della Ambrogio dall'Italia al Belgio potrebbero ridursi in misura significativa, diventando così ancora più affidabili.
(da: Containerisation International, gennaio 2002)


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Last July, traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +3.8%
Ravenna
In the first seven months of 2025, growth was +5.4%
In the first quarter of 2025, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -3.2%.
Brussels
Landings down 1.3% and embarkations down 5.4%
Product tanker High Fidelity rescues 38 migrants on a drifting dinghy
Rome
Intervention in the south of the island of Crete
GES and RINA sign agreement to develop a prototype of a new hydrogen battery
Rovereto/Genoa
PSA's second phase of container terminal at Mumbai Port inaugurated
Singapore
Annual traffic capacity will increase to 4.8 million TEUs
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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