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02 August 2026 - Year XXX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XX - Number 1-2/2002 - JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2002

Trasporto intermodale

Il trasporto intermodale Italia-Nord Europa

Anche se la maggior parte dei traffici containerizzabili dall'Italia al Nord Europa vengono movimentati mediante servizi camionistici o di cabotaggio marittimo, la stessa attività può essere espletata mediante una combinazione di ferrovia e strada, com'è dimostrato dal successo delle operazioni condotte dalla Ambrogio. L'impresa italiana attualmente offre nove treni alla settimana, utilizzando Gallarate (40 km a nord-ovest di Milano) e Torino quali centri di snodo in Italia, nonché Muizen in Belgio. Essa inoltre offre un servizio diverso dall'Italia all'Europa centro-orientale via Neuss, in Germania. La consegna successiva presso i locali della clientela viene normalmente assicurata a mezzo autotrasporto.

I suoi servizi ferroviari dall'Italia a Muizen, che vengono visti come una mera connessione nella catena trasportistica, sono assicurati dalla ICF (Intercontainer-Interfrigo). La Ambrogio si occupa solamente della fornitura dei carri. I tempi di viaggio sono di circa 21 ore. Un altro operatore ferroviario ancora, la DB Cargo, unitamente alla società ferroviaria nazionale svizzera SBB Cargo, viene invece utilizzato per i suoi servizi dall'Italia alla Germania "per incoraggiare la concorrenza".

Nel 2000, la Ambrogio ha movimentato circa 140.000 TEU dall'Italia al Nord Europa, per lo più per conto di grossi clienti specialisti in prodotti chimici, quali la Dow, la Monsanto e la BASF. Secondo l'operatore, tutti quanti vorrebbero ridurre il numero dei fornitori di servizi di cui si servono.

Lydon Kearsley, dirigente della sua divisione servizio clienti nel Regno Unito, argomenta: "Fino a non molto tempo fa, eravamo soliti ritrovarci a lavorare assieme a molti altri fornitori di servizio. Ora la tendenza è per una riduzione del loro numero. Nessuno sembra avere tempo o risorse sufficienti a movimentare un gran numero di relazioni con diversi fornitori, di modo che gli operatori da porta a porta come noi sono favoriti. E' duro per le piccole imprese, ma il mondo va così". Pertanto, i principali concorrenti della società sono altri operatori di grossi volumi come la Danzas.

Una particolare caratteristica del servizio della Ambrogio dall'Italia al Nord Europa è rappresentata dal fatto che essa impiega solamente swapbodies pallet-wide da 40-45 piedi. I normali containers marittimi sono considerati fuori questione a causa del loro carico utile inferiore. Spiega Kearsley: "A nostro giudizio, la fornitura effettuata mediante swapbodies pallet-wide da 45 piedi è essenziale nel mercato odierno. Non si tratta, davvero, di una scelta. Se noi usassimo qualcos'altro per i normali traffici, non saremmo i grado di competere con gli autocarri da 13,6 metri (44,6 piedi)".

La questione è interessante, tenendo presente il numero di servizi di cabotaggio marittimo che si fanno concorrenza nei traffici containerizzati dal Nord Europa al Mediterraneo, sebbene la percentuale di carichi infra-europei che essi trasportano, rispetto ai traffici di raccordo puramente marittimi, sia spesso un argomento controverso. Anche alcune compagnie di navigazione, come la Maersk Sealand, forniscono attrezzature del tipo pallet-wide da 45 piedi, così come fanno operatori marittimi a corto raggio quale la Geest North Sea Line.

Poiché il grande svantaggio degli swapbodies consiste nel fatto che non possono essere impilati, la Ambrogio tiene le proprie unità costantemente in movimento, in modo che esse richiedono poco spazio di deposito. I tempi di fermo sono tenuti al minimo: solitamente, meno di un giorno. Appena viene effettuata la registrazione ad un capo della tratta, i suoi uffici siti all'altro capo vengono allertati al fine di reperire il carico di ritorno. Vi è un dialogo costante tra tutte le parti coinvolte, compresi caricatori e consegnatari, allo scopo di coordinare nel migliore dei modi le importazioni e le esportazioni per eliminare i ritorni a vuoto.

Il confronto è immediato con il mercato dei traffici marittimi a lungo raggio, laddove gli agenti marittimi spesso ricevono il manifesto della nave solamente pochi giorni prima dell'arrivo, il che lascia meno tempo per organizzare tali accordi, malgrado i tempi di viaggio più lunghi.

La Ambrogio si serve della ferrovia dall'Italia al Nord Europa principalmente in ragione della loro capacità di accettare registrazioni in blocco nonché di offrire un carico utile di circa 28 tonnellate sulle direttrici transalpine attraverso la Svizzera. I camion che passano per la Svizzera sono normalmente limitati a circa 15 tonnellate e devono portare con sé la documentazione doganale T. Nel caso della registrazione in blocco, una volta che la consegna complessiva è giunta all'altro capo della tratta, i consegnatari possono ritirare i singoli swapbodies in modo più comodo, invece di dover fare i conti con l'arrivo in orario dei camion sulle lunghe distanze.

Una caratteristica notevole del mercato continentale con l'Italia è costituita dal fatto che esso propende in modo rilevante per la direzione sud. In altre parole, sono più i carichi che vanno in Italia di quelli che ne escono, di modo che gli operatori devono far fronte ad un costante problema di bilancio. Allo scopo di porvi rimedio, la Ambrogio ha dato inizio a quello che era quasi considerato un servizio ausiliario dall'Italia al Regno Unito via Muizen all'inizio degli anni '90, dato che questa parte del traffico propende per la direzione nord. Il suo obiettivo primario era quello di contribuire al riposizionamento dei vuoti di ritorno a Muizen per i carichi in direzione sud.

Peraltro, da quando la Unilog - operatore ferroviario nel Tunnel della Manica - ha spostato il suo terminal di snodo a Muizen nel 1994, il servizio è decollato per proprio conto. La Ambrogio attualmente registra dalle 15 alle 20 unità al giorno alla volta del Regno Unito con la suddetta società, il che rappresenta un incremento del 50% rispetto al 2000, nonché del 65% rispetto al 1999. Essa, adesso, è il terzo cliente per ordine di grandezza di quell'operatore ferroviario. Approfondisce il discorso Kearsley: "Questa parte del nostro traffico ha ora raggiunto la fase in cui può reggersi sulle sue gambe, anche se dobbiamo ancora riposizionare un mucchio di vuoti che tornano a Muizen. Non vale la pena di perdere troppo tempo nel Regno Unito alla ricerca del carico di ritorno, dato che là qualsiasi cosa è troppo cara".

La Ambrogio attribuisce il successo delle proprie operazioni britanniche alla migliorata affidabilità ed ai migliori tempi di viaggio da quando è stata coinvolta la Unilog, unitamente al naturale incremento dei traffici infra-europei, nonché al fatto che i suoi clienti preferiscono dialogare con un numero minore di fornitori di servizio.

Oltre a servirsi della Unilog, la Ambrogio spedisce un po' di traffico indirizzato nel Regno Unito - principalmente nella zona di Londra via Zeebrugge - impiegando operatori di cabotaggio quali la Dart Line o la P&O North Sea Ferries. Afferma Kearsley: "Gli scioperi in Francia sono sempre una eventualità possibile, cosicché è sempre meglio poter disporre di rotte alternative. Inoltre, alcuni carichi rischiosi possono essere movimentati solamente via mare".

La politica da perseguire adesso dev'essere quella dell'ottenimento di dividendi, dal momento che recentemente i servizi di trasporto merci attraverso il Tunnel della Manica sono stati pesantemente limitati a causa dei pericoli provocati dagli immigranti clandestini che tentavano di penetrare nel Regno Unito. Dove porterà tutto ciò, resta da vedersi: il governo britannico adesso commina multe salate agli operatori che fanno viaggiare i clandestini a bordo delle proprie attrezzature e le autorità francesi sembrano incapaci di impedirlo.

Il trasferimento della Unilog a Muizen nel 1994 non è stato un caso. Il direttore commerciale della società, Tony Davis, commenta: "Poco prima dell'apertura del Tunnel della Manica, avevamo bisogno di trovare un terminal hub conveniente in Belgio ed abbiamo quindi scelto Muizen, più che altro a causa della sua localizzazione centrale e delle sue buone connessioni ferroviarie, ma anche perché la Ambrogio disponeva di suoi depositi là, cosicché abbiamo potuto constatare che avrebbe potuto fare al caso nostro".

La Unilog appartiene per il 45% alla società ferroviaria con sede nel Regno Unito EWS, mentre per il 55% è partecipata dalla IFB (Inter Ferry Boat), appartenente in maggioranza alla società ferroviaria nazionale belga B Cargo. Unitamente alla francese SNCF, essi forniscono la trazione necessaria a muovere la speciale flotta di carri della Unilog predisposti per i containers da Muizen ai capolinea ferroviari di Manchester, Daventry e Glasgow (Mossend) nel Regno Unito. Questi carri consentono il trasporto dei box da 9 piedi ed 1 pollice. Il suo servizio da e per Londra è stato sospeso a giugno a causa di difficoltà con gli orari.

La società ora offre sei viaggi alla settimana da Muizen al Regno Unito, con partenza da Muizen il giorno A, arrivo a Daventry ed a Manchester il giorno B ed a Mossend il giorno C. Gli stessi tempi di viaggio sono previsti anche per il viaggio di ritorno. Un servizio di connessione da Muizen a Duisburg in Germania arriva il giorno successivo.

La bellezza dell'operazione ferroviaria, rispetto al trasporto marittimo, sta nel fatto che i containers o gli swapbodies possono essere consegnati al terminal di partenza fino a 100 minuti prima della partenza del treno, mentre la raccolta stradale ha bisogno di soli 75 minuti di tempo per lo scarico all'arrivo. La documentazione doganale e di carico, che fanno perdere tempo, viene così soppressa.

I tempi di viaggio ferroviari sono un valido argomento di vendita sia per la Unilog che per la Ambrogio. Commenta Kearsley: "Quando diciamo ai nostri clienti che partiamo da Milano il giorno A ed arriviamo a Muizen il giorno C, intendiamo prelievo in loco e raccolta compresi. Ed abbiamo il tempo per consegnare il carico ai clienti nella circostante area del Benelux alle h. 8.00 di quel giorno. Quanto al traffico diretto a Daventry ed a Manchester, la consegna avverrà un giorno più tardi, il giorno D. Dato che il nostro terminal di Muizen è separato da quello della Unilog solamente da un recinto, non si perde tempo con passaggi da uno all'altro che creano confusione".

Davis vorrebbe che il suo servizio di collegamento fosse il più semplice possibile. Fatta eccezione per particolari trascurabili, il terminal ferroviario di Muizen è gestito dalla IFB, il suo azionista di maggioranza, i cui uffici sono nello stesso edificio. Osserva Davis: "La Unilog dispone qui di tre sole persone operative, più altre tre nel Regno Unito, così tutti conoscono tutti e non c'è spazio per equivoci di sorta. Se un container è in ritardo, oppure lo è un treno, sappiamo immediatamente chi contattare per vedere come possa risolversi il problema. E' facile".

Anche i suoi accordi contrattuali con la clientela vengono mantenuti nella maggiore semplicità possibile al fine di ridurre al minimo le attività amministrative. Le tariffe vengono sempre quotate su base da terminal a terminal. Sebbene esse tendano a riferirsi ai quantitativi, il differimento dei rimborsi inerenti ai volumi viene considerato troppo ingombrante. Le tariffe contrattuali vengono di norma concordate sulla base di meri scambi verbali e vengono considerate valide per un periodo di tempo oscillante tra i sei ed i dodici mesi. Commenta Davis: "Noi cerchiamo di operare su livelli di assoluta fiducia. I nostri margini in ogni caso sono oltremodo piccoli, per essere in grado di competere con l'autotrasporto, di modo che non vi è molto spazio per qualcosa di più raffinato".

Nel 2000, la società ha trasportato circa 15.000 TEU da Muizen al Regno Unito. Un numero significativo di questi ultimi consisteva in contenitori cisterna che sono adatti al trasporto ferroviario in ragione del loro peso. La società si aspetta di trasportare lo stesso quantitativo di traffico nel 2001, a meno che il problema degli immigrati clandestini a Calais non si aggravi. Per quanto l'incremento del limite massimo del peso sulle strade britanniche da 41 a 44 tonnellate nello scorso mese di febbraio 2001 non l'abbia certo favorita, Davis sostiene che la società sia stata in grado di compensare dal 5 al 6% delle perdite di traffico mediante l'acquisizione di nuove attività. Sino a febbraio 2001, solo i camion che trasportavano traffico intermodale potevano pesare sino a 44 tonnellate.

Ma ulteriori, nuove attività si affacciano alla porta. Nel novembre 2001, il governo britannico ha finalmente concesso il finanziamento degli oneri di accesso ai binari del Regno Unito nell'ordine del 50%, il che dovrebbe rendere maggiormente competitivi i suoi prezzi. Anche la politica dell'Unione Europea di aprire ad una maggiore concorrenza il trasporto ferroviario transfrontaliero entro marzo 2003 dovrebbe comportare miglioramenti operativi. Al momento, i carri della Unilog vengono trainati da tre diverse società. A partire dal marzo 2002, esse potrebbero ridursi ad una sola. Nello stesso tempo, anche i tempi di viaggio della Ambrogio dall'Italia al Belgio potrebbero ridursi in misura significativa, diventando così ancora più affidabili.
(da: Containerisation International, gennaio 2002)


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VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
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