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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 12/2008 - DECEMBER 2008

Trasporto fluviale

Gli operatori fluviali del Benelux alla ricerca di nuove quote di mercato

Gli operatori di chiatte nel Benelux hanno buone ragioni per essere cinici.

Malgrado le belle parole di importatori ed esportatori circa la necessità di ripulire l'ambiente, la modalità di trasporto più sensibile all'ambiente di tutte deve ancora incrementare la propria quota di mercato.

Ciò non è cambiato dal 2002 e le società di trasporto fluviale su chiatte devono lottare per ogni euro guadagnato.

Secondo il Porto di Rotterdam, la quota di mercato di tutto il proprio hinterland della navigazione interna è persino diminuita dal 32% al 30% fra il 2002 ed il 2007, e la differenza è andata a vantaggio delle ferrovie.

D'altro canto, il trasporto stradale ha mantenuto la propria posizione dominante con una quota di approssimativamente il 59%, a dispetto dei costi del carburante molto più alti e dell'aumento della congestione sulle autostrade.

Minco van Heezen, portavoce del Porto di Rotterdam, commenta: "Queste sono cifre assai semplicistiche che non tengono conto della distanza percorsa.

Ad esempio, la strada fa segnare ottimi punteggi sui viaggi brevi, mentre la ferrovia ed il trasporto fluviale normalmente si comportano meglio della strada laddove è richiesto più di un giorno di viaggio.

Inoltre, la quota di mercato della chiatta è, senza dubbio, già molto alta, di modo che ci si dovrebbero aspettare miglioramenti solo marginali".

Potrà anche essere così, ma l'urgenza di ripulire l'ambiente costituisce un fenomeno relativamente nuovo che dovrebbe, ormai, portare ad una modifica dell'equazione modale a favore delle chiatte in misura assai più significativa.

Un operatore fluviale di chiatte che ha chiesto di restare anonimo per ovvie ragioni si lamenta: "Alla fine della questione, l'equazione resta ancora la stessa: o tagliamo le nostre tariffe al minimo, oppure perdiamo il lavoro.

I caricatori dicono di voler fare di più, ma il prezzo ancora governa tutto ciò che essi fanno.

Ma la cosa peggiore è che essi si aspettano che noi siamo più verdi".

In gioco, c'è un sacco di traffico.

Secondo il Porto di Rotterdam, i terminal fluviali tedeschi, svizzeri e francesi hanno movimentato circa sei milioni di TEU da e per Amsterdam, Rotterdam ed Anversa lo scorso anno, un terzo dei quali trasportati su chiatta.

Tuttavia, la crescita è stata appena del 4%, rispetto al 12% in relazione all'intero porto, sino a 10,8 milioni di TEU.

Dei 2 milioni di TEU movimentati su chiatta, circa 1,8 milioni sono passati attraverso Rotterdam.

Come mostra la tabella 1, i terminal fluviali e sui canali nei Paesi Bassi da soli hanno incrementato i propri traffici su chiatta di un più impressionante 18% sino a circa 485.500 TEU.

C'è una più tangibile speranza all'orizzonte per i servizi fluviali rispetto a quella di dover solo aumentare la consapevolezza ambientale.

Lo scorso mese ha visto l'inaugurazione della prima fase del terminal allo stato dell'arte DBF (Delta Barge Feeder) a Rotterdam.

Situato all'estremità del terminal Delta, esso promette bene quanto all'affidabilità del servizio, dal momento che il nuovo amministratore delegato della Rhinecontainer, Matthieu van Roermund, dichiara entusiasticamente: "Fino adesso, tutti gli operatori di chiatte si sono dovuti arrabattare per ottenere un ormeggio in tempo, a dispetto della necessità di osservare orari rigorosi.

Tabella 1:
Prestazioni dei terminal fluviali nei
Paesi Bassi nel 2007 (TEU)

Terminal

TEU

Cambiamento %

Tilburg

51.000

27,2

Waalwijk

21.500

33,5

Wanssum

95.000

35,7

Den Bosch

120.000

14,3

Nimega

88.000

8,6

Hengelo

100.000

11,1

Totale

485.500

18,0

Fonte: Porto di Rotterdam

Alle navi a lungo e corto raggio marittimo normalmente è stata data priorità, il che significa che abbiamo dovuto perdere del tempo in attesa di attraccare altrove in porto.

Poiché i servizi su chiatta sono già lenti di per sé, questo non ci ha semplificato la cattura di quote di mercato dal trasporto ferroviario e stradale.

Il DFB dovrebbe mettere i nostri battelli in grado di attraccare molto più facilmente, migliorando pertanto in modo notevole l'affidabilità dei nostri orari".

Theo van Zijll, dirigente delle operazioni fluviali e di raccordo dello ECT, precisa: "Fino adesso, eravamo in grado solamente di lavorare 7.000 movimentazioni di chiatte alla settimana a Hartlehaven, situato all'altro capo del terminal Delta.

Ulteriori 7.000 movimentazioni alla settimana sono state lavorate presso gli ormeggi per navi a lungo raggio, unitamente a tutto il nostro traffico marittimo a corto raggio.

Nella sua prima fase, il DBF dovrebbe essere in grado di lavorare almeno 300.000 movimentazioni alla settimana.

Inoltre, poiché la nuova infrastruttura dispone di un sacco di spazio sulle banchine, per la prima volta possiamo preparare i carichi prima dell'arrivo dei battelli, accelerando perciò ulteriormente il flusso di tali traffici".

Johannes Stelten, amministratore delegato del DeTeCe, il maggiore terminal contenitori di Duisburg, situato sul fiume Reno, al confine tedesco, fa notare: "Al momento attuale, noi assicuriamo un solo servizio di chiatte giornaliero da e per Rotterdam, che viene effettuato in collaborazione con la H&S Container Lines e la Rhinecontainer, sebbene poi molti altri se ne servano.

Tabella 2:
Risultati nel 2007 di alcuni terminal
fluviali sul Reno (TEU)

Terminal

TEU
(con chiatte)

Duisburg

370.000

Neuss/Düsseldorf

147.700

Strasburgo

79.800

Worth

176.600

Mannheim

108.100

Basilea

104.400

Karlsruhe

38.500

Coblenza

51.000

Fonte: Porto di Rotterdam

Facendo in modo che la capacità del DBF venga ripartita ragionevolmente fra le navi di cabotaggio marittimo e le chiatte, dovremmo presto essere in grado di raddoppiare la nostra frequenza, di modo che osserveremo la situazione attentamente".

Heinrich Kerstgens, amministratore delegato della Contargo, un altro importante fornitore di servizi su chiatta con sede a Rotterdam, è stato più cinico in merito all'apertura del DFB.

"Noi non ci aspettiamo miglioramenti di rilievo.

Gran parte della capacità aggiuntiva del terminal sarà probabilmente assorbita dalla naturale crescita dei carichi" afferma.

"Noi, inoltre, sospettiamo che alle navi da cabotaggio marittimo verrà data priorità rispetto alle chiatte, di modo che si potrà sperimentare solamente un piccolo miglioramento".

Un più tangibile vantaggio per i servizi su chiatta sarà costituito dai lavori stradali in programma per l'autostrada A15 che collega i principali terminal contenitori di Rotterdam a Maasvlakte, tra cui il Delta, con il loro hinterland, con inizio nel 2010.

Poco è stato ancora reso noto circa le probabili interruzioni che ciò probabilmente causerà, ma un sito di 15 ettari nel villaggio di Alblasserdam, situato a 10 km ad est di Rotterdam, è già stato destinato alla realizzazione di un nuovo centro di trasferimento dei contenitori, dal quale ed alla volta del quale i contenitori possono essere trasportati su chiatte-navetta.

Ci si aspetta che quattro chiatte al giorno effettuino operazioni sulla rotta da 50 km.

I sostenitori dell'idea argomentano che i costi aggiuntivi di questo trasporto saranno più che compensati dal tempo risparmiato rispetto al caso che si fosse continuato ad utilizzare i camion.

Non tutti, peraltro, sono d'accordo.

Kerstgens della Contargo ribatte: "L'affidabilità sarà il fattore decisivo.

La A15 resterà un collo di bottiglia per lungo tempo, se non per sempre.

I ritardi, però, là vengono misurati in ore, e non in giorni, come accade alle chiatte (fino all'apertura del DFB)".

Tenendo presente questo, alcuni operatori di chiatte recentemente hanno sviluppato servizi ferroviari quale soluzione di compromesso per i caricatori che richiedono tempi di viaggio in giornata in luogo dei tempi di viaggio di tre, quattro e persino cinque giorni che i percorsi su chiatta richiedono.

Afferma Kerstgens: "La Contargo metterà molta più enfasi sul trasporto ferroviario in futuro.

A causa dell'apertura del sistema ferroviario europeo e della liberalizzazione dei mercati ferroviari dal 2006, è disponibile un numero sempre maggiore di servizi ferroviari ad alta qualità.

I motori multisistemici consentono soluzioni integrate fra gli scali marittimi ed i terminal dell'hinterland senza bisogno di cambiare treno al confine.

Unitamente ai nostri potenti e completamente trimodali terminal, il rafforzamento della modalità di trasporto ferroviaria ci renderà altresì meno vulnerabili ad inconvenienti quali gli intasamenti e le condizioni di acqua bassa".

In relazione ai vantaggi ambientali di questa operazione, Werner Namnick, un responsabile delle vendite della Contargo, ha aggiunto: "Combinando in modo appropriato le modalità trasportistiche delle chiatte fluviali, della ferrovia e dell'autotrasporto, siamo in grado di coordinare le date richieste dai nostri clienti per la consegna nell'ambito dei parametri ecologici ed economici stabiliti.

Sembra quasi troppo bello per essere vero, ma di solito sono proprio le opzioni di trasporto meno costose ad essere quelle più sensibili all'ambiente".

Conclude Namnick: "Un esempio pratico, che coinvolge 3 contenitori da 40 piedi carichi di macchinari in viaggio da Heidelberg in Germania a Hong Kong via Rotterdam, dimostra come potrebbero apparire i costi a seconda di condizioni diverse.

Il peso lordo per contenitore è di 19 tonnellate, corrispondenti ad un carico netto di 15 tonnellate.

Scenario 1

Il trasporto dev'essere molto veloce.

Ci sono solo 24 ore fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave che deve prendere il mare.

Solo camion: tre camion a lungo raggio raccolgono ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi, lo portano in fabbrica a Heidelberg e lo trasportano carico a Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 2.100 euro per tre contenitori; emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 1.460 kg.

Scenario 2

Ci sono due giorni fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave.

Combinazione ferroviaria: tre camion di terminal locali portano ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi sulla breve distanza da Ludwigshaven alla fabbrica di Heidelberg e lo riportano carico al terminal di Ludwigshafen.

Da lì, il contenitore viaggia in ferrovia alla volta di Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 1.800 euro per tre contenitori, emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 775 kg.

Scenario 3

Ci sono quattro giorni fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave.

Combinazione chiatta: tre camion di terminal locali portano ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi sulla breve distanza da Ludwigshaven alla fabbrica di Heidelberg e lo riportano carico al terminal di Ludwigshafen.

Da lì, il contenitore viaggia su chiatta alla volta di Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 1.560 euro per tre contenitori, emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 620 kg.

"Le cifre qui riportate sono arrotondate e si basano su prezzi e sovrapprezzi per il mese di luglio 2008" afferma Namnick.

I potenziali risparmi in termini di energia e costi sono ovvii, persino in situazioni in cui i caricatori non hanno accesso diretto alle idrovie.

Conclude Kerstgens: "Tutti noi condividiamo la responsabilità per il futuro del nostro pianeta.

Anche i caricatori sono di questa opinione ed in misura sempre maggiore richiedono informazioni circa i valori delle emissioni di CO2 delle varie modalità di trasporto.

"Ogniqualvolta gli orari ce lo consentono, preferiremmo suggerire l'uso delle chiatte in una combinazione modale.

Si tratta di una soluzione che paga, ed è quella ottimale dal punto di vista della protezione del clima".
(da: Containerisation International, novembre 2009, pagg. 79-81)



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Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
In Spain, €11.8 million in eco-incentives have been allocated for the use of motorways of the sea.
Madrid
163,672 shipments made by 32 companies subsidized
ABB has signed an agreement to buy Norwegian marine automation company Høglund.
Zurich
The Tønsberg-based company's integrated automation system is currently installed on over 600 vessels.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for the redevelopment of the ro-ro docks
Gioia Tauro
Worth 5.6 million euros, the works will last 210 days
Grimaldi confirms the important role of the port of Catania in its strategies
Catania
The aim is to increase services and make existing ones even more efficient.
Annual growth of +6% in cruise traffic and +2% in ferry traffic is expected in the Adriatic
Venice
It is the only Mediterranean region to have recorded a decline in cruises in the period 2019-2025
PSA Padova established to develop and manage the Padua intermodal terminal
Padua
The shareholders of Interporto Padova and Padova Hall have approved the merger plan
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
Spediporto has opened its own representative office in Hong Kong
Genoa
Giachero: the opening of this desk is also an opportunity for young people
Arcese, Conti and Cosulich establish a company for the port logistics of finished vehicles
Livorno
HMM orders eight bulk carriers and two gas carriers
Seoul
Investment of approximately 1.1 billion dollars
MPC Container Ships has purchased four 7,000 TEU containerships built between 2023 and 2024.
Oslo
Investment of 340 million dollars
FedEx posts record quarterly and annual revenue
Memphis
Total revenues in fiscal year 2026 amounted to $94.7 billion (+7.7%)
Geopolitical uncertainty has become the main risk for shipping
Munich
Evergreen purchases 140,500 new containers in China
Taipei
Investments totaling $358.9 million
Yesterday, the Strait of Hormuz was crossed by 42 commercial vessels
Paris
For the first time since the beginning of the conflict, several LNG tankers entered the Persian Gulf
Memorandum of Understanding for the Launch of Drone Use in the Port of Palermo
Palermo
Submission of the request for the establishment of U-Space
Saipem wins new $1 billion offshore contract in Angola
Milan
It was awarded by Azule Energy for the Greater PAJ project
Port of Ancona: Dredging work has begun on the seabed of quay 22.
Ancona
Approximately six thousand cubic meters of sediment will be removed
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