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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 12/2008 - DECEMBER 2008

Trasporto fluviale

Gli operatori fluviali del Benelux alla ricerca di nuove quote di mercato

Gli operatori di chiatte nel Benelux hanno buone ragioni per essere cinici.

Malgrado le belle parole di importatori ed esportatori circa la necessità di ripulire l'ambiente, la modalità di trasporto più sensibile all'ambiente di tutte deve ancora incrementare la propria quota di mercato.

Ciò non è cambiato dal 2002 e le società di trasporto fluviale su chiatte devono lottare per ogni euro guadagnato.

Secondo il Porto di Rotterdam, la quota di mercato di tutto il proprio hinterland della navigazione interna è persino diminuita dal 32% al 30% fra il 2002 ed il 2007, e la differenza è andata a vantaggio delle ferrovie.

D'altro canto, il trasporto stradale ha mantenuto la propria posizione dominante con una quota di approssimativamente il 59%, a dispetto dei costi del carburante molto più alti e dell'aumento della congestione sulle autostrade.

Minco van Heezen, portavoce del Porto di Rotterdam, commenta: "Queste sono cifre assai semplicistiche che non tengono conto della distanza percorsa.

Ad esempio, la strada fa segnare ottimi punteggi sui viaggi brevi, mentre la ferrovia ed il trasporto fluviale normalmente si comportano meglio della strada laddove è richiesto più di un giorno di viaggio.

Inoltre, la quota di mercato della chiatta è, senza dubbio, già molto alta, di modo che ci si dovrebbero aspettare miglioramenti solo marginali".

Potrà anche essere così, ma l'urgenza di ripulire l'ambiente costituisce un fenomeno relativamente nuovo che dovrebbe, ormai, portare ad una modifica dell'equazione modale a favore delle chiatte in misura assai più significativa.

Un operatore fluviale di chiatte che ha chiesto di restare anonimo per ovvie ragioni si lamenta: "Alla fine della questione, l'equazione resta ancora la stessa: o tagliamo le nostre tariffe al minimo, oppure perdiamo il lavoro.

I caricatori dicono di voler fare di più, ma il prezzo ancora governa tutto ciò che essi fanno.

Ma la cosa peggiore è che essi si aspettano che noi siamo più verdi".

In gioco, c'è un sacco di traffico.

Secondo il Porto di Rotterdam, i terminal fluviali tedeschi, svizzeri e francesi hanno movimentato circa sei milioni di TEU da e per Amsterdam, Rotterdam ed Anversa lo scorso anno, un terzo dei quali trasportati su chiatta.

Tuttavia, la crescita è stata appena del 4%, rispetto al 12% in relazione all'intero porto, sino a 10,8 milioni di TEU.

Dei 2 milioni di TEU movimentati su chiatta, circa 1,8 milioni sono passati attraverso Rotterdam.

Come mostra la tabella 1, i terminal fluviali e sui canali nei Paesi Bassi da soli hanno incrementato i propri traffici su chiatta di un più impressionante 18% sino a circa 485.500 TEU.

C'è una più tangibile speranza all'orizzonte per i servizi fluviali rispetto a quella di dover solo aumentare la consapevolezza ambientale.

Lo scorso mese ha visto l'inaugurazione della prima fase del terminal allo stato dell'arte DBF (Delta Barge Feeder) a Rotterdam.

Situato all'estremità del terminal Delta, esso promette bene quanto all'affidabilità del servizio, dal momento che il nuovo amministratore delegato della Rhinecontainer, Matthieu van Roermund, dichiara entusiasticamente: "Fino adesso, tutti gli operatori di chiatte si sono dovuti arrabattare per ottenere un ormeggio in tempo, a dispetto della necessità di osservare orari rigorosi.

Tabella 1:
Prestazioni dei terminal fluviali nei
Paesi Bassi nel 2007 (TEU)

Terminal

TEU

Cambiamento %

Tilburg

51.000

27,2

Waalwijk

21.500

33,5

Wanssum

95.000

35,7

Den Bosch

120.000

14,3

Nimega

88.000

8,6

Hengelo

100.000

11,1

Totale

485.500

18,0

Fonte: Porto di Rotterdam

Alle navi a lungo e corto raggio marittimo normalmente è stata data priorità, il che significa che abbiamo dovuto perdere del tempo in attesa di attraccare altrove in porto.

Poiché i servizi su chiatta sono già lenti di per sé, questo non ci ha semplificato la cattura di quote di mercato dal trasporto ferroviario e stradale.

Il DFB dovrebbe mettere i nostri battelli in grado di attraccare molto più facilmente, migliorando pertanto in modo notevole l'affidabilità dei nostri orari".

Theo van Zijll, dirigente delle operazioni fluviali e di raccordo dello ECT, precisa: "Fino adesso, eravamo in grado solamente di lavorare 7.000 movimentazioni di chiatte alla settimana a Hartlehaven, situato all'altro capo del terminal Delta.

Ulteriori 7.000 movimentazioni alla settimana sono state lavorate presso gli ormeggi per navi a lungo raggio, unitamente a tutto il nostro traffico marittimo a corto raggio.

Nella sua prima fase, il DBF dovrebbe essere in grado di lavorare almeno 300.000 movimentazioni alla settimana.

Inoltre, poiché la nuova infrastruttura dispone di un sacco di spazio sulle banchine, per la prima volta possiamo preparare i carichi prima dell'arrivo dei battelli, accelerando perciò ulteriormente il flusso di tali traffici".

Johannes Stelten, amministratore delegato del DeTeCe, il maggiore terminal contenitori di Duisburg, situato sul fiume Reno, al confine tedesco, fa notare: "Al momento attuale, noi assicuriamo un solo servizio di chiatte giornaliero da e per Rotterdam, che viene effettuato in collaborazione con la H&S Container Lines e la Rhinecontainer, sebbene poi molti altri se ne servano.

Tabella 2:
Risultati nel 2007 di alcuni terminal
fluviali sul Reno (TEU)

Terminal

TEU
(con chiatte)

Duisburg

370.000

Neuss/Düsseldorf

147.700

Strasburgo

79.800

Worth

176.600

Mannheim

108.100

Basilea

104.400

Karlsruhe

38.500

Coblenza

51.000

Fonte: Porto di Rotterdam

Facendo in modo che la capacità del DBF venga ripartita ragionevolmente fra le navi di cabotaggio marittimo e le chiatte, dovremmo presto essere in grado di raddoppiare la nostra frequenza, di modo che osserveremo la situazione attentamente".

Heinrich Kerstgens, amministratore delegato della Contargo, un altro importante fornitore di servizi su chiatta con sede a Rotterdam, è stato più cinico in merito all'apertura del DFB.

"Noi non ci aspettiamo miglioramenti di rilievo.

Gran parte della capacità aggiuntiva del terminal sarà probabilmente assorbita dalla naturale crescita dei carichi" afferma.

"Noi, inoltre, sospettiamo che alle navi da cabotaggio marittimo verrà data priorità rispetto alle chiatte, di modo che si potrà sperimentare solamente un piccolo miglioramento".

Un più tangibile vantaggio per i servizi su chiatta sarà costituito dai lavori stradali in programma per l'autostrada A15 che collega i principali terminal contenitori di Rotterdam a Maasvlakte, tra cui il Delta, con il loro hinterland, con inizio nel 2010.

Poco è stato ancora reso noto circa le probabili interruzioni che ciò probabilmente causerà, ma un sito di 15 ettari nel villaggio di Alblasserdam, situato a 10 km ad est di Rotterdam, è già stato destinato alla realizzazione di un nuovo centro di trasferimento dei contenitori, dal quale ed alla volta del quale i contenitori possono essere trasportati su chiatte-navetta.

Ci si aspetta che quattro chiatte al giorno effettuino operazioni sulla rotta da 50 km.

I sostenitori dell'idea argomentano che i costi aggiuntivi di questo trasporto saranno più che compensati dal tempo risparmiato rispetto al caso che si fosse continuato ad utilizzare i camion.

Non tutti, peraltro, sono d'accordo.

Kerstgens della Contargo ribatte: "L'affidabilità sarà il fattore decisivo.

La A15 resterà un collo di bottiglia per lungo tempo, se non per sempre.

I ritardi, però, là vengono misurati in ore, e non in giorni, come accade alle chiatte (fino all'apertura del DFB)".

Tenendo presente questo, alcuni operatori di chiatte recentemente hanno sviluppato servizi ferroviari quale soluzione di compromesso per i caricatori che richiedono tempi di viaggio in giornata in luogo dei tempi di viaggio di tre, quattro e persino cinque giorni che i percorsi su chiatta richiedono.

Afferma Kerstgens: "La Contargo metterà molta più enfasi sul trasporto ferroviario in futuro.

A causa dell'apertura del sistema ferroviario europeo e della liberalizzazione dei mercati ferroviari dal 2006, è disponibile un numero sempre maggiore di servizi ferroviari ad alta qualità.

I motori multisistemici consentono soluzioni integrate fra gli scali marittimi ed i terminal dell'hinterland senza bisogno di cambiare treno al confine.

Unitamente ai nostri potenti e completamente trimodali terminal, il rafforzamento della modalità di trasporto ferroviaria ci renderà altresì meno vulnerabili ad inconvenienti quali gli intasamenti e le condizioni di acqua bassa".

In relazione ai vantaggi ambientali di questa operazione, Werner Namnick, un responsabile delle vendite della Contargo, ha aggiunto: "Combinando in modo appropriato le modalità trasportistiche delle chiatte fluviali, della ferrovia e dell'autotrasporto, siamo in grado di coordinare le date richieste dai nostri clienti per la consegna nell'ambito dei parametri ecologici ed economici stabiliti.

Sembra quasi troppo bello per essere vero, ma di solito sono proprio le opzioni di trasporto meno costose ad essere quelle più sensibili all'ambiente".

Conclude Namnick: "Un esempio pratico, che coinvolge 3 contenitori da 40 piedi carichi di macchinari in viaggio da Heidelberg in Germania a Hong Kong via Rotterdam, dimostra come potrebbero apparire i costi a seconda di condizioni diverse.

Il peso lordo per contenitore è di 19 tonnellate, corrispondenti ad un carico netto di 15 tonnellate.

Scenario 1

Il trasporto dev'essere molto veloce.

Ci sono solo 24 ore fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave che deve prendere il mare.

Solo camion: tre camion a lungo raggio raccolgono ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi, lo portano in fabbrica a Heidelberg e lo trasportano carico a Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 2.100 euro per tre contenitori; emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 1.460 kg.

Scenario 2

Ci sono due giorni fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave.

Combinazione ferroviaria: tre camion di terminal locali portano ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi sulla breve distanza da Ludwigshaven alla fabbrica di Heidelberg e lo riportano carico al terminal di Ludwigshafen.

Da lì, il contenitore viaggia in ferrovia alla volta di Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 1.800 euro per tre contenitori, emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 775 kg.

Scenario 3

Ci sono quattro giorni fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave.

Combinazione chiatta: tre camion di terminal locali portano ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi sulla breve distanza da Ludwigshaven alla fabbrica di Heidelberg e lo riportano carico al terminal di Ludwigshafen.

Da lì, il contenitore viaggia su chiatta alla volta di Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 1.560 euro per tre contenitori, emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 620 kg.

"Le cifre qui riportate sono arrotondate e si basano su prezzi e sovrapprezzi per il mese di luglio 2008" afferma Namnick.

I potenziali risparmi in termini di energia e costi sono ovvii, persino in situazioni in cui i caricatori non hanno accesso diretto alle idrovie.

Conclude Kerstgens: "Tutti noi condividiamo la responsabilità per il futuro del nostro pianeta.

Anche i caricatori sono di questa opinione ed in misura sempre maggiore richiedono informazioni circa i valori delle emissioni di CO2 delle varie modalità di trasporto.

"Ogniqualvolta gli orari ce lo consentono, preferiremmo suggerire l'uso delle chiatte in una combinazione modale.

Si tratta di una soluzione che paga, ed è quella ottimale dal punto di vista della protezione del clima".
(da: Containerisation International, novembre 2009, pagg. 79-81)



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Giulio Stoppa is the new general secretary of Trasportounito
Rome
A choice of continuity that at the same time marks the beginning of a new phase
Meyer Werft begins construction of the Carnival Tropicale cruise ship
Papenburg
With a gross tonnage of 180,000 tons, it will be able to accommodate over 6,000 passengers.
The launching ceremony of Viking Astrea took place at the Fincantieri shipyard in Ancona
Ancona/Los Angeles
Viking's Board has authorized a share buyback program of up to $1 billion.
VTG sells its UK subsidiary VTG Rail UK to pension fund USS
Hamburg
The company operates in the railway freight wagon leasing sector.
The Genoa Coast Guard reaches its 100th Port State Control inspection of 2026.
Genoa
More than 250 deficiencies have been detected so far
ABB and Oceanly collaborate to integrate and optimize ship performance and operations
Genoa
Strategic agreement between Federlogistica and the Port of Xiamen
Genoa
Feasibility study for a maritime connection between the Chinese port and Genoa
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles remained stable in August
Los Angeles
The increase in empty garages has offset the decrease in full ones
Gulftainer to acquire stake in Thailand's Suksawat Terminal
Sharjah/Bangkok
It is located on the Chao Phraya River, in Bangkok
Robo.ai establishes a company specializing in maritime and submarine security
Abu Dhabi
Al-Mansory: We will produce locally and provide solutions for markets around the world
Kombiverkehr has taken full control of Spanish company Combiberia
Frankfurt am Main
The shares were acquired from the other 20 members
US forces hit five Iranian oil tankers
Tampa
Attacks in the Gulf of Oman and near Kharg Island
Conditions met for the acquisition of AD Ports by Abu Dhabi's sovereign wealth fund
Abu Dhabi
Construction of the above-ground section of Genoa's new breakwater has begun.
Milan
Construction of the wave barrier is underway
For the first time, a woman leads the Panama Canal Authority.
Balboa
Engineer Ilya Espino de Marotta's term will expire in 2033.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Port reform will be discussed in Genoa on October 2nd.
Genoa
Workshop organized by the AdSP and the Altero Matteoli association
"A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 9th
Lugano
Ninth edition of the International Forum on Transport and Infrastructure
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Blu Navy has acquired a stake in Banca dell'Elba
Portoferraio
Schenone: We are a group united by the desire to contribute to the economic and social development of the island.
HMM signs a contract worth approximately $3.5 billion with Vale
Seoul
It involves the maritime transport of iron ore on behalf of the Brazilian company
Kongsberg Maritime signs deal to buy Finland's Steerprop
Oslo
The Rauma-based company designs and manufactures marine propulsion systems
New drug seizure in the port of Livorno
Livorno
53 kilograms of pure cocaine in a container from Peru
In the first three months of 2026, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -4.0%
Brussels
Landings and embarkations decreased by -2.0% and -6.4% respectively
A series of meetings on the new Port System Master Plan for the ports of Genoa and Savona-Vado has begun.
Genoa
The new concession agreement with Amico & Co Spa has been finalized.
MacGregor will celebrate the 65th anniversary of its Italian branch in Genoa
Genoa
The company is based in the Naval Repair area of the port of Genoa
Port of Ravenna: Extraordinary maintenance of the "truck-accessible" section of Via Baiona has been approved.
Ravenna
Anemoi wind propulsion system to be installed on a Maersk container ship
London
The aim is to increase the ship's energy efficiency and reduce its emissions.
The selection process for the new Secretary General of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea Port Authority has begun.
Ravenna
Expressions of interest to be submitted by September 21st
MacGregor opens a new technical assistance center in Trieste
Stockholm
The main focus will be the European area, including the specialized megayacht sector.
Tanker hit by three shells in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
An accident also in the Indian Ocean
Floriana Gallucci is the new secretary general of the Ionian Sea Port Authority.
Taranto
The Management Committee of the institution has approved the appointment
Crew of ferry that sank in Northern Cyprus arrested
Nicosia
Eight people died in the accident. 17 other passengers are missing.
Singamas's profit halved in the first half of 2026
Hong Kong
The Chinese company is focusing on energy containers. During the period, sales of specialized containers exceeded those of standard boxes for the first time.
CIMC sells more containers, but profits plummet
Hong Kong
Half-year profit in this business segment fell by -81.2%
In the first half of this year, China
COSCO Shipping Ports reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Hong Kong
Net income for the first six months of 2026 was $276.6 million (+23.2%)
In the first six months of 2026, CMPort's revenues grew by +13%
Hong Kong
Net profit up 7.4%
Meyer Werft revenues to grow by 107% in 2025
Papenburg
The financial year ended with a net loss of -383.8 million euros
Messina will launch the new West Med Line scheduled service in September
Genoa
It will bring together existing services for Algeria and Libya
The launch of the luxury cruise ship Oceania Sonata was celebrated in Marghera
Trieste
The unit is scheduled for delivery in 2027.
Tarros will include the port of Salerno in its Italy-Libya Express service.
La Spezia
The vessel "Vento di Zefiro" will be placed on the route
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