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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 12/2008 - DECEMBER 2008

Trasporto fluviale

Gli operatori fluviali del Benelux alla ricerca di nuove quote di mercato

Gli operatori di chiatte nel Benelux hanno buone ragioni per essere cinici.

Malgrado le belle parole di importatori ed esportatori circa la necessità di ripulire l'ambiente, la modalità di trasporto più sensibile all'ambiente di tutte deve ancora incrementare la propria quota di mercato.

Ciò non è cambiato dal 2002 e le società di trasporto fluviale su chiatte devono lottare per ogni euro guadagnato.

Secondo il Porto di Rotterdam, la quota di mercato di tutto il proprio hinterland della navigazione interna è persino diminuita dal 32% al 30% fra il 2002 ed il 2007, e la differenza è andata a vantaggio delle ferrovie.

D'altro canto, il trasporto stradale ha mantenuto la propria posizione dominante con una quota di approssimativamente il 59%, a dispetto dei costi del carburante molto più alti e dell'aumento della congestione sulle autostrade.

Minco van Heezen, portavoce del Porto di Rotterdam, commenta: "Queste sono cifre assai semplicistiche che non tengono conto della distanza percorsa.

Ad esempio, la strada fa segnare ottimi punteggi sui viaggi brevi, mentre la ferrovia ed il trasporto fluviale normalmente si comportano meglio della strada laddove è richiesto più di un giorno di viaggio.

Inoltre, la quota di mercato della chiatta è, senza dubbio, già molto alta, di modo che ci si dovrebbero aspettare miglioramenti solo marginali".

Potrà anche essere così, ma l'urgenza di ripulire l'ambiente costituisce un fenomeno relativamente nuovo che dovrebbe, ormai, portare ad una modifica dell'equazione modale a favore delle chiatte in misura assai più significativa.

Un operatore fluviale di chiatte che ha chiesto di restare anonimo per ovvie ragioni si lamenta: "Alla fine della questione, l'equazione resta ancora la stessa: o tagliamo le nostre tariffe al minimo, oppure perdiamo il lavoro.

I caricatori dicono di voler fare di più, ma il prezzo ancora governa tutto ciò che essi fanno.

Ma la cosa peggiore è che essi si aspettano che noi siamo più verdi".

In gioco, c'è un sacco di traffico.

Secondo il Porto di Rotterdam, i terminal fluviali tedeschi, svizzeri e francesi hanno movimentato circa sei milioni di TEU da e per Amsterdam, Rotterdam ed Anversa lo scorso anno, un terzo dei quali trasportati su chiatta.

Tuttavia, la crescita è stata appena del 4%, rispetto al 12% in relazione all'intero porto, sino a 10,8 milioni di TEU.

Dei 2 milioni di TEU movimentati su chiatta, circa 1,8 milioni sono passati attraverso Rotterdam.

Come mostra la tabella 1, i terminal fluviali e sui canali nei Paesi Bassi da soli hanno incrementato i propri traffici su chiatta di un più impressionante 18% sino a circa 485.500 TEU.

C'è una più tangibile speranza all'orizzonte per i servizi fluviali rispetto a quella di dover solo aumentare la consapevolezza ambientale.

Lo scorso mese ha visto l'inaugurazione della prima fase del terminal allo stato dell'arte DBF (Delta Barge Feeder) a Rotterdam.

Situato all'estremità del terminal Delta, esso promette bene quanto all'affidabilità del servizio, dal momento che il nuovo amministratore delegato della Rhinecontainer, Matthieu van Roermund, dichiara entusiasticamente: "Fino adesso, tutti gli operatori di chiatte si sono dovuti arrabattare per ottenere un ormeggio in tempo, a dispetto della necessità di osservare orari rigorosi.

Tabella 1:
Prestazioni dei terminal fluviali nei
Paesi Bassi nel 2007 (TEU)

Terminal

TEU

Cambiamento %

Tilburg

51.000

27,2

Waalwijk

21.500

33,5

Wanssum

95.000

35,7

Den Bosch

120.000

14,3

Nimega

88.000

8,6

Hengelo

100.000

11,1

Totale

485.500

18,0

Fonte: Porto di Rotterdam

Alle navi a lungo e corto raggio marittimo normalmente è stata data priorità, il che significa che abbiamo dovuto perdere del tempo in attesa di attraccare altrove in porto.

Poiché i servizi su chiatta sono già lenti di per sé, questo non ci ha semplificato la cattura di quote di mercato dal trasporto ferroviario e stradale.

Il DFB dovrebbe mettere i nostri battelli in grado di attraccare molto più facilmente, migliorando pertanto in modo notevole l'affidabilità dei nostri orari".

Theo van Zijll, dirigente delle operazioni fluviali e di raccordo dello ECT, precisa: "Fino adesso, eravamo in grado solamente di lavorare 7.000 movimentazioni di chiatte alla settimana a Hartlehaven, situato all'altro capo del terminal Delta.

Ulteriori 7.000 movimentazioni alla settimana sono state lavorate presso gli ormeggi per navi a lungo raggio, unitamente a tutto il nostro traffico marittimo a corto raggio.

Nella sua prima fase, il DBF dovrebbe essere in grado di lavorare almeno 300.000 movimentazioni alla settimana.

Inoltre, poiché la nuova infrastruttura dispone di un sacco di spazio sulle banchine, per la prima volta possiamo preparare i carichi prima dell'arrivo dei battelli, accelerando perciò ulteriormente il flusso di tali traffici".

Johannes Stelten, amministratore delegato del DeTeCe, il maggiore terminal contenitori di Duisburg, situato sul fiume Reno, al confine tedesco, fa notare: "Al momento attuale, noi assicuriamo un solo servizio di chiatte giornaliero da e per Rotterdam, che viene effettuato in collaborazione con la H&S Container Lines e la Rhinecontainer, sebbene poi molti altri se ne servano.

Tabella 2:
Risultati nel 2007 di alcuni terminal
fluviali sul Reno (TEU)

Terminal

TEU
(con chiatte)

Duisburg

370.000

Neuss/Düsseldorf

147.700

Strasburgo

79.800

Worth

176.600

Mannheim

108.100

Basilea

104.400

Karlsruhe

38.500

Coblenza

51.000

Fonte: Porto di Rotterdam

Facendo in modo che la capacità del DBF venga ripartita ragionevolmente fra le navi di cabotaggio marittimo e le chiatte, dovremmo presto essere in grado di raddoppiare la nostra frequenza, di modo che osserveremo la situazione attentamente".

Heinrich Kerstgens, amministratore delegato della Contargo, un altro importante fornitore di servizi su chiatta con sede a Rotterdam, è stato più cinico in merito all'apertura del DFB.

"Noi non ci aspettiamo miglioramenti di rilievo.

Gran parte della capacità aggiuntiva del terminal sarà probabilmente assorbita dalla naturale crescita dei carichi" afferma.

"Noi, inoltre, sospettiamo che alle navi da cabotaggio marittimo verrà data priorità rispetto alle chiatte, di modo che si potrà sperimentare solamente un piccolo miglioramento".

Un più tangibile vantaggio per i servizi su chiatta sarà costituito dai lavori stradali in programma per l'autostrada A15 che collega i principali terminal contenitori di Rotterdam a Maasvlakte, tra cui il Delta, con il loro hinterland, con inizio nel 2010.

Poco è stato ancora reso noto circa le probabili interruzioni che ciò probabilmente causerà, ma un sito di 15 ettari nel villaggio di Alblasserdam, situato a 10 km ad est di Rotterdam, è già stato destinato alla realizzazione di un nuovo centro di trasferimento dei contenitori, dal quale ed alla volta del quale i contenitori possono essere trasportati su chiatte-navetta.

Ci si aspetta che quattro chiatte al giorno effettuino operazioni sulla rotta da 50 km.

I sostenitori dell'idea argomentano che i costi aggiuntivi di questo trasporto saranno più che compensati dal tempo risparmiato rispetto al caso che si fosse continuato ad utilizzare i camion.

Non tutti, peraltro, sono d'accordo.

Kerstgens della Contargo ribatte: "L'affidabilità sarà il fattore decisivo.

La A15 resterà un collo di bottiglia per lungo tempo, se non per sempre.

I ritardi, però, là vengono misurati in ore, e non in giorni, come accade alle chiatte (fino all'apertura del DFB)".

Tenendo presente questo, alcuni operatori di chiatte recentemente hanno sviluppato servizi ferroviari quale soluzione di compromesso per i caricatori che richiedono tempi di viaggio in giornata in luogo dei tempi di viaggio di tre, quattro e persino cinque giorni che i percorsi su chiatta richiedono.

Afferma Kerstgens: "La Contargo metterà molta più enfasi sul trasporto ferroviario in futuro.

A causa dell'apertura del sistema ferroviario europeo e della liberalizzazione dei mercati ferroviari dal 2006, è disponibile un numero sempre maggiore di servizi ferroviari ad alta qualità.

I motori multisistemici consentono soluzioni integrate fra gli scali marittimi ed i terminal dell'hinterland senza bisogno di cambiare treno al confine.

Unitamente ai nostri potenti e completamente trimodali terminal, il rafforzamento della modalità di trasporto ferroviaria ci renderà altresì meno vulnerabili ad inconvenienti quali gli intasamenti e le condizioni di acqua bassa".

In relazione ai vantaggi ambientali di questa operazione, Werner Namnick, un responsabile delle vendite della Contargo, ha aggiunto: "Combinando in modo appropriato le modalità trasportistiche delle chiatte fluviali, della ferrovia e dell'autotrasporto, siamo in grado di coordinare le date richieste dai nostri clienti per la consegna nell'ambito dei parametri ecologici ed economici stabiliti.

Sembra quasi troppo bello per essere vero, ma di solito sono proprio le opzioni di trasporto meno costose ad essere quelle più sensibili all'ambiente".

Conclude Namnick: "Un esempio pratico, che coinvolge 3 contenitori da 40 piedi carichi di macchinari in viaggio da Heidelberg in Germania a Hong Kong via Rotterdam, dimostra come potrebbero apparire i costi a seconda di condizioni diverse.

Il peso lordo per contenitore è di 19 tonnellate, corrispondenti ad un carico netto di 15 tonnellate.

Scenario 1

Il trasporto dev'essere molto veloce.

Ci sono solo 24 ore fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave che deve prendere il mare.

Solo camion: tre camion a lungo raggio raccolgono ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi, lo portano in fabbrica a Heidelberg e lo trasportano carico a Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 2.100 euro per tre contenitori; emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 1.460 kg.

Scenario 2

Ci sono due giorni fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave.

Combinazione ferroviaria: tre camion di terminal locali portano ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi sulla breve distanza da Ludwigshaven alla fabbrica di Heidelberg e lo riportano carico al terminal di Ludwigshafen.

Da lì, il contenitore viaggia in ferrovia alla volta di Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 1.800 euro per tre contenitori, emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 775 kg.

Scenario 3

Ci sono quattro giorni fra i cancelli della fabbrica ed il tempo-limite di arrivo presso la nave.

Combinazione chiatta: tre camion di terminal locali portano ciascuno un contenitore vuoto da 40 piedi sulla breve distanza da Ludwigshaven alla fabbrica di Heidelberg e lo riportano carico al terminal di Ludwigshafen.

Da lì, il contenitore viaggia su chiatta alla volta di Rotterdam.

Costo totale: approssimativamente 1.560 euro per tre contenitori, emissioni di CO2 per questa opzione: approssimativamente 620 kg.

"Le cifre qui riportate sono arrotondate e si basano su prezzi e sovrapprezzi per il mese di luglio 2008" afferma Namnick.

I potenziali risparmi in termini di energia e costi sono ovvii, persino in situazioni in cui i caricatori non hanno accesso diretto alle idrovie.

Conclude Kerstgens: "Tutti noi condividiamo la responsabilità per il futuro del nostro pianeta.

Anche i caricatori sono di questa opinione ed in misura sempre maggiore richiedono informazioni circa i valori delle emissioni di CO2 delle varie modalità di trasporto.

"Ogniqualvolta gli orari ce lo consentono, preferiremmo suggerire l'uso delle chiatte in una combinazione modale.

Si tratta di una soluzione che paga, ed è quella ottimale dal punto di vista della protezione del clima".
(da: Containerisation International, novembre 2009, pagg. 79-81)



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Savona
Paroli (Western Ligurian Port Authority): a port area has been identified for work.
Tarros and Nurminen Logistics launch new Scandinavian-Mediterranean intermodal service
La Spezia/Helsinki
The land route connects Örebro, Parma and La Spezia
The first caisson of the breakwater protecting the regasification plant off the coast of Ravenna has been laid.
Ravenna
The maritime work will be approximately 900 metres long
Fincantieri and PT PAL sign agreement for the modernization of an Indonesian Navy vessel
Trieste
This is the "Kri Sriwijaya" unit (formerly "Giuseppe Garibaldi")
In Italy, the blue economy is worth 225 billion, and the nautical industry alone exceeds 10 billion in exports.
Rome
SACE's Focus On presented at the Genoa Boat Show
Fire aboard the Blue Star Ferries ro-ro vessel Blue Carrier 2
Kallithea
The 29 people on board were evacuated
Costs and timescales for the reconstruction of the four US Navy shipyards are rising exponentially.
Washington
If in 2018 21 billion dollars and 20 years of work were expected, today the estimate is 200 billion and at least 50 years.
Shipping faces its triple challenge: decarbonization, geopolitics, and the new geography of the automotive industry.
Chaff
At the Euromed Convention in Grimaldi, the sector is dealing with new environmental regulations, increasingly exposed routes and the shift of automotive production towards Southeast Asia.
Orizzonte Sistemi Navali signs a €3.7 billion contract for two destroyers
Trieste
The "Domenico Millelire" PPA has been delivered to the Navy.
Livorno: The Supreme Court of Cassation overturns the convictions in the Darsena Toscana docks affair.
Rome
The appeal ruling overturned the court's acquittal and convicted three defendants of ideological forgery.
The Port of Rijeka expects to close 2026 with a record container traffic of 800,000 TEUs.
River
With the new terminal on the island of Krk, traffic could rise to 1.7 million TEUs
Offshore wind energy funding: Pichetto reassures Taranto, but Taranto demands certainty.
Taranto
The 2026 funding for the Apulian port drops to €13.9 million. Gugliotti hopes for a formal confirmation of the remaining resources in 2027.
Port reform: The majority pushes ahead with Porti d'Italia SpA
Rome
The Chamber's Transport Committee rejects the opposition's suppressive amendments.
Gela's Porto Rifugio has received a favorable opinion for dredging the port's waters.
Palermo
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
UNIPORT's public meeting will be held in Rome on October 6th.
Rome
Debate on port reform and other relevant aspects of the sector
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Greenbrier Europe to produce NIK transshipment system for TX Logistik
Troisdorf/Berlin
Allows rapid loading of non-craneable semi-trailers onto trains
Maersk opens its own logistics center in the heart of Germany
Herleshausen
Located in Herleshausen, it has a surface area of 71,800 square meters
South Korea's HJ Shipbuilding & Construction Co. wins orders for four new 10,100 TEU containerships
Busan
The contract has a total value of approximately 500 million dollars.
Democratic Party: The government's port reform paves the way for privatization of Italian ports.
Rome
Ghio and Misiani: it also takes resources and skills away from the territories
Port self-production: The Council of State denies the segmentability of the authorization pursuant to Article 16, paragraph 3.
Rome
Cartour's "partial" authorization in the port of Salerno has been suspended.
Port of Miami closes fiscal 2026 with record cruise traffic
Miami
The threshold of ten million passengers has been exceeded, compared to 8.56 million in the previous financial year.
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new pure car and truck carrier Grande Egitto.
Naples
Its load capacity reaches 9,800 ceu
Port reform will be discussed in Genoa on October 2nd.
Genoa
Workshop organized by the AdSP and the Altero Matteoli association
Fratelli Cosulich strengthens its logistics network with the opening of Express Global Dubai
Dubai
Teresa Cosulich will be responsible for the new logistics office.
"A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 9th
Lugano
Ninth edition of the International Forum on Transport and Infrastructure
New attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet caused minor injuries to two crew members
Brullo Group orders three 40,800-ton deadweight oil/chemical tanker vessels
Rome
Order to the Chinese shipyard Anhui Shipyard
A new megayacht production, maintenance, and storage hub opens in Trieste.
Trieste
Trieste Shipyards was founded by Seadock (Samer group) and Yachting Expertise and is owned by Friulia
Confitarma applauds the government's initiative to protect Italian ships in the Red Sea.
Rome
Zanetti: Maritime security is, in effect, a component of national economic security
Unions approve the platform for the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
Filt, Fit and Uilt, is structured around three central elements such as salary, protection, participation and thirteen concrete requests
FHP Intermodal is increasing the frequency of its freight rail service between Fiorenzuola and Incoronata/Bari.
Milan
It goes up to five days a week
This year over 2,000 large yachts operated along the Italian coasts
Rome
Plus 10% for owned boats and a substantially stable trend for chartered ones
The event "Cyber-resilience in the maritime sector: defense, regulations, and European cooperation" will be held in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
It is organized by Var Group and Confitarma
Smeup, with the acquisition of HTG, expands its portfolio in the logistics and transport sector
Erbusco
The Turin-based company specializes in the development of proprietary software
Saudi Arabian ports: Liquid bulk throughput to decline sharply in 2025
Riyadh
Total traffic fell to 298.3 million tonnes (-10.9%)
A delegation from the Lithuanian port of Klaipeda visited the port of Livorno
Livorno
In-depth comparison of their respective infrastructure development plans
New OOCL service between the Western Mediterranean and Canada
Hong Kong
Collaboration with Ocean Alliance companies and other carriers
The port's future is at the center of the event celebrating the 80th anniversary of Assosped Venezia and Asamar Veneto.
Venice
A conference on Friday will be the highlight of the festival
Increase in port workers at the ports of Monfalcone and Milazzo
Rome
Green light from the General Directorate for Ports, Logistics and Intermodality of the Ministry of the Interior.
Cargo traffic in Greek ports is sharply declining
Piraeus
Stagnation in passenger numbers
Mercitalia Shunting & Terminal has purchased eight Eurolight Dual bimodal locomotives
Rome
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 22.1% last month.
Hong Kong
Total for the first eight months of 2026 unchanged
AGV Expo, a new European trade fair dedicated to self-guided vehicles, will be held in Piacenza next month.
Genoa
The event will also host a rich program of conferences
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