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April 2000


DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' MERCHANDISE EXPORTS IN 1999 EXPANDED BY 8.5% -
ABOUT TWICE AS FAST AS THE GLOBAL AVERAGE

Developing countries' merchandise exports in 1999 expanded by 8.5 per cent or about two times faster than the global average. Throughout the 1990s, developing countries' exports rose faster than world trade, with the exception of 1998. In 1999, the share of developing countries was 27.5 per cent for merchandise exports and 23 per cent for commercial services exports, both being more than 4 percentage points higher than in 1990.

Among the least-developed countries, merchandise export growth differed sharply again in 1999. Exporters of manufactured goods like Bangladesh, Cambodia and Haiti expanded their exports faster than world trade. Oil exporters, such as Angola and Yemen, benefitted from the oil price hike and increased their exports by more than one third. While, non-fuel commodity exporters, faced with declining commodity prices, tended to record lower export values.

Global commercial services trade accelerated only slightly in 1999, as the recovery in Asia and higher growth in North America were partly offset by lower growth in Western Europe and an import contraction in Latin America and the transition economies.

These are among the findings of the WTO's preliminary report on trade developments in 1999 and the outlook for this year (full report is attached). Other highlights include the following:

  • Global output and trade strengthened considerably in the second half of 1999, thereby improving the prospects for higher growth in the current year. The recovery in Asia and continued high demand growth in North America contributed most to global trade expansion last year.

  • World commodity output in 1999 increased by 1.5 per cent, the same as in 1998. A fall in mining sector output (in particular oil) contrasted with stronger growth in the manufacturing sector (e.g. electronic goods and automobiles). The global output of services industries exceeded commodity output growth. World GDP growth increased from 2 in 1998 to 3 per cent in 1999.

  • Trade benefitted from the stronger economic activity. Although for the year as a whole merchandise trade expanded in volume terms at the same rate as in 1998 (4.5 per cent), the pace of the expansion in the fourth quarter exceeded the average rate of 6.5 per cent recorded in the nineties.

  • International capital markets remained buoyant. Global FDI flows surged to a new record level of 800 billion dollars, driven by an exceptionally large value of cross border mergers and acquisitions. The sharp rise in global capital flows was largely concentrated among developed countries. Private net capital flows to emerging markets are estimated to have stagnated in 1999 at about 150 billion dollars.

  • Nominal and real effective exchange rates recorded major variations, leaving their mark on trade flows. While the euro and most European currencies weakened vis-à-vis the US dollar, many East Asian currencies, in particular the Japanese yen, the Korean won and the Thai baht, appreciated markedly.

  • Average prices of internationally traded goods declined slightly. The weakness of the Euro contributed largely to the fall in Western Europe's dollar export prices and a decrease in the prices of manufactured goods. Non-fuel commodity prices continued to weaken further, thus affecting the earnings of many raw material exporters. Oil prices, which had fallen sharply in 1998, recovered strongly in 1999 due to a cutback in oil output and an increase in global demand.

  • World merchandise trade value increased by 3.5 per cent in 1999, faster than commercial services trade. Nevertheless for the 1990-99 period as a whole, commercial services trade still expanded slightly faster than merchandise trade.

  • Thanks to oil price developments, the highest export value growth of all regions in 1999 was recorded in the Middle East and Africa. However, this strong expansion last year did not fully offset the declines recorded in 1998.

  • Merchandise imports grew at double-digit rates in North America and Asia, stagnated in Western Europe and Africa and decreased by about 10 per cent in the transition economies and in Latin America (excluding Mexico).

  • Merchandise export growth among the LDCs differed sharply again in 1999. Oil exporters such as Angola and Yemen benefitted from the oil price hike and increased their exports by more than one-third. Exporters of manufactured goods like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti and Myanmar expanded their exports faster than world trade. Non-fuel commodity exporters faced with declining commodity prices tended to record lower export values.

  • Developing countries' merchandise exports expanded by 8.5 per cent or about two times faster than the global average. Throughout the 1990s developing countries' exports rose faster than world trade, with the exception of 1998. In 1999, the share of developing countries was 27.5 per cent for merchandise exports and 23 per cent for commercial services exports, both being more than 4 percentage points higher than in 1990.

  • Commercial services trade accelerated only slightly in 1999, as the recovery in Asia and higher growth in North America were partly offset by lower growth in Western Europe, and an import contraction in Latin America and the transition economies.




WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS

Main Features

A strengthening of world economic output in 1999 reversed the slowdown of world trade in the first half of 1999 and led to a dynamic expansion of trade in the second half. For the year as a whole, the real growth of world trade remained unchanged from the preceding year and was below the average trade expansion recorded throughout the 1990s. Although trade growth continued to exceed both the growth in world commodity output and world GDP, the excess margin between the growth rates remained smaller in 1999 than those observed during the 1990-1997 period.


Demand in the United States and the Asian recovery were the motors of the global trade expansion in 1999. The outstanding strength of United States investment and private consumption benefitted not only the NAFTA region, but also sustained the recovery in Asia and to a lesser extent output in Western Europe. A major factor behind the excellent performance of the United States economy and the unprecedented length of the current expansion has been the high level of investment in information technology, the backbone of the "new economy". Excitement about the growth potential of the new economy has attracted large capital inflows and contributed to an extraordinary boom in the creation and valuation of high-tech companies. While the high rate of investment has increased production capacity and stimulated productivity growth of the United States economy, the question arises for how long high output and demand growth can be sustained without leading to inflationary pressures. A further risk to the strong economic expansion in the United States could arise from the widening of the current account deficit, which points to the increasing role of foreign savings in sustaining United States demand growth. An erosion of investor confidence in the outlook for the United States economy could lead to lower capital inflows and trigger a correction in the dollar rate and the stock markets.

The recovery in Asia was stronger than expected and led to double-digit real import growth in 1999. GDP growth was uneven among the economies in the region, ranging from 11 per cent in the case of the Republic of Korea to stagnation in the case of Indonesia. In many countries economic growth was sustained by fiscal stimulus, replenishment of inventories and a rebound in the global demand for electronic goods.



The information technology sector and the automobile industry both recorded strong global output growth. Within the information technology sector, the unit sales of personal computers rose by 22 per cent to 114 million units, and the dollar value of global sales of semi-conductors expanded by 18 per cent, to a new record level of 160 billion dollars. One of the most dynamic branches of the global information technology industry in 1999 was mobile phones. It is estimated that world-wide sales of cellular mobile phones reached 283 million units, an increase of two-thirds over 1998 sales. New registrations of passenger cars are estimated to have expanded by 5.5 per cent, lifting the production of passenger cars to a new all time high of 48.6 million units in 1999. Although trade data by product group are still incomplete, there is no doubt that exports of automotive products and of office and telecom equipment have expanded significantly faster than the global average.

Developments in world financial markets continued to influence global trade developments through shifts in the direction of international capital flows and their impact on exchange rate changes. Global FDI flows have surged by about 25 per cent, to some 800 billion dollars. FDI inflows in Asia stagnated or rose only marginally, while the United States recorded net FDI inflows of 130 billion dollars. The main factor behind the increase in global FDI flows was the exceptional wave of cross-border mergers and acquisitions.

While the United States attracted an unprecedented level of capital inflows, which financed its widening current account deficit, net private capital flows to the major emerging markets are estimated to have stagnated at 150 billion dollars in 1999.

The increase in the United States current account deficit caused by increased imports can be seen as a positive cyclical element in the world economy as it allows output and employment to be sustained in foreign export industries facing excess capacity. At the same time, the deficit eases inflationary pressures in the United States where labour and productive capital are increasingly scarce. However, what is beneficial in a certain cyclical situation might be difficult to sustain in the medium term.

In particular, a large current account surplus of the developing countries vis-à-vis the United States (or any other high income country) is hardly a desirable feature over a longer period. Why is this so when most governments seem to favour a current account surplus over a deficit? A current account surplus implies that net capital (= savings) from the developing countries flows to other countries where it supports investment and/or consumption. A more desirable situation for the developing countries is a current account deficit (and a rising trade volume), and a concurrent inflow of capital that is used to enlarge (profitable) production capacity. If the capital inflow is used primarily for consumption, increased debt and debt servicing costs are unlikely to be sustainable.

The present large net capital inflows into the United States reflect, on the one hand, that foreign investors expect investment returns to be higher in the United States than elsewhere, and on the other, that United States consumers are spending an historically high share of current income (encouraged by its increased financial wealth), while United States companies maintain a high level of capital spending. A reversal in foreign investors' appreciation of future earnings in the United States or a cutback in United States consumption or investment growth could rapidly change the size of the United States current account deficit, which in 1999 was equivalent to 3.7 per cent of GDP - a historic record level.

Prices of internationally traded goods decreased slightly as the increase in oil prices was offset by a further decrease in the prices of non-fuel commodities and manufactured goods. Among the non-fuel commodities, prices of food and beverages decreased by more than 15 per cent while those of agricultural materials and metals remained roughly unchanged, although they started to strengthen in the second half of 1999. Despite this partial price recovery, the annual average prices of non-fuel commodities fell to a ten year low. The decrease in the dollar price of manufactured goods can be attributed to the fall in prices of office and telecom equipment as well as the strength of the United States dollar vis-à-vis the euro and the near absence of inflation in the goods sector of all major economies.

Given that oil prices tripled from 10 dollars per barrel in February 1999 to 30 dollars in the first quarter of 2000, concerns about a resurgence of consumer prices are understandable. However, the marked reduction in the oil intensity of output in the industrial countries - by about 40 per cent since the first oil price hike more than 25 years ago - has reduced this risk considerably. The increased role of natural gas in world fuels trade has also contributed to moderate the increase in import prices of fuels. While the impact of the rebounding oil prices have been small on consumer prices in 1999, the impact was dramatic on the export revenues of the oil exporters. The Middle East recorded export growth in excess of 20 per cent in 1999, but this did not fully offset a corresponding decline in 1998.







WORLD TRADE IN 1999

1. Global trade and output developments

While the negative impact of the financial crisis in Asia and Latin America on output and trade flows were initially underestimated, the more sober projections for 1999 turned out to be too pessimistic. Output of developing countries in Asia rebounded by 6 per cent, Russian GDP recovered by 3 per cent and Brazil's economy achieved positive growth for the full year of 1999. The United States economy again provided a major stimulus to world trade last year as domestic demand grew by 5.5 per cent. By contrast, the Japanese economy stagnated and Western Europe's GDP growth decelerated to 2 per cent.

On a sectoral basis, preliminary data suggest that mining output decreased as crude oil production was cut back by 1.5 per cent and agricultural output rose for the second year in a row by only about 1 per cent. Manufacturing output recovered and expanded by about 2.5 per cent. The highly divergent growth rates of regional demand and sectoral output left their mark on global trade flows, which also differed strongly by region and sector.

The value of world merchandise trade rose by 3.5 per cent in 1999 and amounted to 5.45 trillion dollars. Average trade prices decreased for the third year in a row, although the decrease in 1999 was much smaller than in preceding years.

Trade in commercial services rose by 1.5 per cent in 1999 and thereby less rapidly than merchandise trade. Price data for United States commercial services point to a moderate increase in prices for internationally traded services. This implies that the expansion of exports of commercial services has probably also lagged behind merchandise export growth in volume terms.

World exports of merchandise and commercial services, 1997-99
 ValueAnnual change
 1999199719981999
 
Merchandise54603.5-1.53.5
 
Commercial services13404.00.01.5


2. Merchandise trade

A detailed review of world merchandise trade by product group in 1999 is not yet feasible at the time of writing this report. However, partial information indicates that rebounding oil prices have led to an increase of world fuels exports in excess of 20 per cent. Above average growth was also recorded for office and telecom equipment and automotive products. Primary products, other than fuels, on average experienced price declines in 1999. Taking into account moderate demand growth, the global value of non-fuel primary products has probably stagnated or changed only very little from the preceding year.

Preliminary data on merchandise trade by region are provided in Tables II.2 and II.3. The large variations in import volumes by region largely reflect the differences in regional demand and output growth. As can be seen from Table II.2, North America and Asia recorded import growth slightly above 10 per cent or two times faster than the global average. While for North America this was the third year in a row in which import growth exceeded 10 per cent, the developments in Asia illustrate the strength of the region's recovery, which offset the sharp import contraction in the preceding year. While imports of Asia recovered, those of Western Europe recorded a marked deceleration. The transition economies as a group recorded a 10 per cent contraction due to the sharp cut back of imports into Russia and the Ukraine. Imports of Africa and the Middle East changed little in real terms in 1999, also reflecting poor export earnings in recent years.

Table II.2
Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1997-99
(Percentage change)
    
 Exports Imports
        
 199719981999 199719981999
        
World a10.54.54.5 
North America11.03.54.5 13.010.510.5
Latin America11.57.57.0 22.58.5-2.0
Mexico19.511.013.5 28.015.515.0
Other Latin America6.55.52.0 20.04.5-12.0
Western Europe9.55.53.5 9.08.53.5
European Union (15) 9.56.03.5 8.58.54.0
Transition economies10.55.0-3.0 13.55.0-10.0
Asia13.03.56.0 5.5-8.59.0
Japan12.0-1.52.0 1.5-5.59.5
Asia (5) b16.513.011.5 3.0-22.517.5
a Average of export and import growth.
b Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.
Note: Separate volume data are not available for Africa and the Middle East, although estimates for these regions have been made in order to calculate a world total.

The variation among regional export growth rates in 1999 was smaller than for imports. Despite sharply lower intra-regional trade, Latin America recorded the highest export expansion of all regions. Asian export growth exceeded the global average as Japan's exports recovered and the five Asian developing countries affected most by the 1997/98 financial crisis achieved double-digit export growth. North America's exports accelerated somewhat thanks to the dynamic performance of intra-trade. The deceleration of West European economic activity in 1999 led to markedly lower growth of intra-trade. While intra-European Union exports expanded two times faster than world trade in 1998, its growth in 1999 fell below that of world trade. The transition economies and the Middle East both recorded a contraction of their export volume.


Turning to developments in value terms, the Middle East reports the highest regional export growth rate despite its reduction in export volume. Africa's export growth was, at 8 per cent, the second highest among all regions. This was largely due to the sharp recovery of shipments from the region's oil-exporting countries. However, it should be recalled that for both Africa and the Middle East, the 1999 rise did not fully offset the decrease recorded in the preceding year. Latin America's exports rose by a strong 6 per cent, as the higher growth of Mexico's and some Caribbean countries' exports more than offset the sharp declines reported for all South American countries. A recovery of intra-Asian trade supported by stronger regional growth and appreciating currencies led Asian exports to regain their pre-crisis peak level. North American exports expanded by 4 per cent in 1999, following a small contraction in 1998. The marginal decline in Western Europe's export value was due to a deceleration in volume growth but above all, to a fall of nearly 4 per cent in the region's dollar export prices. The weaker export prices are principally due to the depreciation of the Euro vis-à-vis the US dollar. The sluggishness of Western Europe's import growth, together with the sharp contraction of Russia's imports, contributed to a further decrease in the export value of transition economies in 1999.

Table II.3
Growth in the value of world merchandise trade by region, 1997-99
(Billion dollars and percentage change)
    
 Exports (f.o.b.) Imports (c.i.f.)
        
 Value Annual percentage change Value Annual percentage change
            
 1999 199719981999 1999 199719981999
            
World5460 3.5-1.63.5 5725 3.5-0.84.0
North America934 9.2-0.74.0 1281 10.34.411.5
Latin America292 10.2-1.26.0 329 18.54.8-4.0
Mexico137 15.06.416.5 148 22.613.913.5
Other Latin America156 7.2-6.2-2.0 181 16.4-0.1-14.5
Western Europe2349 -0.63.4-0.5 2417 -0.35.90.5
European Union (15)2176 -0.53.8-0.5 2233 -0.56.31.0
Extra-EU (15) trade799 1.8-0.3-1.5 851 -0.36.22.5
Transition economies212 4.1-4.6-1.5 211 6.5-1.8-13.0
Central/Eastern Europe101 6.39.50.0 129 5.610.8-2.0
Russian Federation74 -0.4-15.90.0 41 6.7-19.8-30.5
Africa113 1.9-15.58.0 132 5.51.20.5
South Africa a27 6.2-9.01.5 27 9.5-9.3-8.5
Major fuel exporters b41 -0.1-31.424.0 30 9.6-0.85.5
Middle East169 4.7-22.422.0 152 8.1-3.24.0
Asia1390 5.4-6.17.5 1201 0.4-17.810.5
Japan419 2.4-7.88.0 311 -3.0-17.211.0
China195 21.00.66.0 166 2.5-1.518.0
Asia (5) c371 5.1-3.59.5 292 -3.1-30.915.5
a Beginning 1998, figures refer to South Africa and no longer to the South African Common Customs Area.
b Angola, Algeria, Congo, Gabon, Libyan Arab Yamahiriya and Nigeria.
c Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.


3. Commercial services trade

The global export value of commercial services recovered in 1999 after stagnating in 1998. Preliminary data by major services categories indicate that all categories recorded positive growth. Transportation services are estimated to have expanded less than the average growth rate of 1.5 per cent despite the increase in fuel costs. Travel services and the residual grouping of Other business services have both expanded by about 2 to 3 per cent.


The commercial services trade data by region shown in Table II.4 indicate that the most dynamic export and import growth in 1999 was in North America and Asia. While North America's services import growth exceeded its export growth, thereby reducing its traditional surplus in commercial services, Asia's imports and exports expanded at about the same rate (4-5 per cent). The rebound in Asian services trade is much weaker than for Asian merchandise trade, in particular for exports. In contrast to the developments in North America and Asia, Western Europe's services trade expanded less favourably in 1999 than in the preceding year. Available data for the transition economies point to a sharp contraction of both services exports and imports.

Table II.4
Growth in the value of world trade in commercial services by selected region, 1997-99
(Billion dollars and percentage change)
 
 Exports Imports
 
 Value Annual change Value Annual change
 
 1999 199719981999 1999 199719981999
            
World1340 402 1335 313
North America284 825 219 1069
United States252 925 182 11810
Latin America54 79-2 60 134-9
Mexico12 56-3 14 1979
Other Latin America42 810-2 47 124-13
Western Europe630 260 600 071
European Union (15)565 151 555 072
Transition economies47 02-10 44 01-8
Asia267 5-154 337 2-115
Japan60 3-9-3 114 -5-93
Hong Kong, China35 1-103 22 5-2-2
China27 19-2 32 34-4
Asia (5) a62 7-233 73 5-255
aIndonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand
Note: Separate reliable data are not available for Africa and the Middle East, although estimates for these regions have been made to calculate a world total.


4. Trade by region and country

The outstanding high investment and consumption growth in the United States resulted in an expansion of imports of goods and services of more than 10 per cent in both nominal and real terms. Over the last two years United States import demand sustained world trade remarkably. Excluding shipments to the United States, the nominal value of world merchandise and services trade in 1999 would have still been below its 1997 level and the volume expansion of world merchandise trade would have been limited to 6 per cent instead of 9 per cent. The share of the United States in world merchandise imports rose to 18 per cent, the highest US share ever. Strong domestic growth was also one reason why United States merchandise exports in real terms lagged behind global trade growth. All countries having strong trade ties with the United States benefitted from this development, and in particular Canada, which expanded its merchandise exports to the United States over the last two years by about 18 per cent, or twice the rate of global trade growth.

Commercial services' imports of the United States rose by 10 per cent and two times faster than exports. Canada's import growth of commercial services recovered to 5.5 per cent, but remained for the fifth year in a row behind the expansion of its services exports. Although the expansion of United States commercial services' imports has exceeded that of exports since 1997, the United States surplus in services in 1999 still amounted to US$68 billion.

In 1999, Latin America recorded its worst annual economic performance for the last decade, as regional output stagnated and the volume of merchandise imports decreased by 2 per cent. At least eight economies recorded lower output in 1999 than in the preceding year. As in 1998, there is a striking difference in output and trade growth between Mexico and all the other Latin American countries combined. While Mexico's merchandise exports and imports rose over the last two years by more than 20 per cent, other Latin American countries combined reported a fall in exports of nearly 8 per cent and in imports of nearly 15 per cent.

A large part of the divergent performance can be attributed to differences in the export structure. Manufactured goods account for 85 per cent of Mexico's exports, but only 40 per cent for Latin America excluding Mexico. Manufactures enjoyed more stable prices than non-fuel commodities. In addition, Mexico's exports are destined largely to the booming North American market (nearly 90 per cent) while the other Latin American countries ship less than 30 per cent of their exports to North America. Mercosur experienced a contraction of its intra-trade by about one quarter, as output of its member countries declined or stagnated.

For commercial services imports, one can observe a similar divergency, as Mexico's imports rose by 15 per cent, while those of the other Latin American countries contracted by nearly 10 per cent over the last two years. Only for commercial services exports, Mexico reports a stronger decrease than the other Latin American countries in 1999. The somewhat surprising decline reported for Mexico's commercial services exports is attributed to a decrease in revenues from both travel and other business services.

The slowdown in Western Europe's output growth to 2 per cent in 1999 contributed to a markedly lower trade growth in volume terms. As more than two-thirds of Western Europe's trade is intra-regional, weak consumption growth affected both exports and imports. As regards merchandise trade, it is estimated that exports and imports grew in volume terms by about 3.5 per cent and thereby less than world trade. As the Euro and other European currencies weakened vis-à-vis the US dollar, the region's dollar export and import prices decreased on average by about 4 per cent, leading to a stagnation of their trade dollar values in 1999. Austria, France and Sweden were among the West European countries which recorded only moderate import growth, while Norway and Turkey even experienced a contraction of their import volumes in 1999. Spain, Portugal and Ireland, however, continued to be the most dynamic traders in Western Europe, with imports and exports expanding much faster than the European average.

Although output in the transition economies recovered by about 2 per cent, growth remained disappointingly low in the tenth year of transition. Poland is the only country in the region in which the output level in 1999 was above the level attained ten years ago. The sluggishness in Western Europe's economy together with a dramatic shrinkage of Russian imports depressed the region's trade in 1999. Merchandise and commercial services trade were both shrinking in dollar value and volume terms. Most of the decline was concentrated in the CIS member countries. Central and Eastern Europe's merchandise trade slowed down sharply but continued to show positive real growth in 1999. Hungary continued to record the highest trade growth among the Central/East European countries. In 1999, its merchandise exports and imports expanded by about 9 per cent in dollar terms. A major contribution to this strong trade performance was made by the expansion of intra-industry trade in office and telecom equipment and automotive products.

Africa and the Middle East recorded one of their weakest annual GDP growth performances in the 1990s. The rebound in their merchandise exports was largely due to the recovery in oil prices. Africa's merchandise exports rose by 8 per cent in 1999. The major fuel exporters recorded an increase of about one-quarter, which did not fully offset the decline recorded in 1998. South Africa and other non-fuel exporting African countries recorded an increase in their export earnings of less than 2 per cent. African imports stagnated in dollar terms for the second year in a row, as sharp declines in South Africa's imports were offset by increases by African developing countries.

Economic growth patterns differed widely in Asia in 1999. While GDP growth in the two most populous countries in the region, China and India, was about 7 per cent, the output in Japan, the largest economy in Asia, stagnated. Among the five Asian countries severely affected by financial crisis, the Republic of Korea recorded an outstanding recovery with double digit growth, while Indonesian output stagnated. Asian developing countries as a group recorded an output expansion of 6 per cent, at least two times faster than any other developing region.

One of the outstanding developments of Asian trade in 1999 was the double digit trade volume growth of the five Asian countries most affected by financial crises in 1997-98. Their export expansion remained very strong (11.5 per cent) and imports rebounded sharply without offsetting fully the contraction of the preceding year. The regional recovery and the cyclical recovery in the electronic goods industry contributed largely to this dynamic growth. For the Republic of Korea and Malaysia, exports of office and telecom equipment accounted for more than 80 per cent of the overall increase of their export value in 1999.

Japan's merchandise trade recovery was strong, taking into account its stagnating economy. However, export and import values did not regain their pre-crisis peak levels. Japan's commercial services exports continued to shrink, while imports picked-up after a marked decrease in 1997-98. China's merchandise imports expanded by 18 per cent while those of Hong Kong, China decreased for the second consecutive year. A notable feature in Asia's trade is the steady decline of the share of Hong Kong, China in Asia's merchandise trade. Hong Kong, China's domestic exports and retained imports had by 1999 fallen below their 1990 level. This decline has to be seen in the context of the relocation of Hong Kong, China's manufacturing industry to China, which in turn has greatly enhanced its share in world exports. In respect to commercial services, however, Hong Kong, China maintains its position as the leading developing country exporter. For the Asian region, exports of commercial services decreased more strongly in 1998 and recovered by far less in 1999 than did merchandise exports. For imports of commercial services, the recovery in 1999 was also far smaller than for merchandise trade.

Looking at trade performance by country, the following features emerge for 1999 trade developments (see Appendix Tables). First, the United States consolidated its leading position in world merchandise imports and world commercial services exports. Its share in world merchandise imports reached, at 18 per cent, its highest level ever. Second, oil-exporting countries recorded in general the highest export growth in 1999 (at least 16 of them recorded export increases ranging from 15 per cent to 50 per cent). For most of them the increase in 1999 did not fully offset the declines recorded in the preceding year. Third, exporters of office and telecom equipment benefitted from the recovery in the global electronic goods industry. The double digit export growth of the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Costa Rica and Israel was largely due to office and telecom equipment exports. Fourth, a large number (at least 24) of South American and transition economies recorded double-digit decreases in their imports and often also a fall in their export values. The main causes of these bleak developments include the steep fall of intra-regional trade and the low prices of non-fuel commodities. Fifth, the four largest traders in Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom) all recorded a small decline in their merchandise export values and minimal changes in their imports.


5. Processing trade contributes to exceptional trade expansion in selected developing countries

Over the last fifteen years, the outstanding high trade growth recorded by a selected number of developing countries can be partly attributed to the expansion of their "processing trade". Beside multilateral and regional trade liberalization, an increasing number of countries have modified their import regime by granting, under certain conditions, duty-free access to those imports which are bound for the processing and assembling of goods destined for exports. This preferential tariff treatment was initially limited to trade which went through specific areas (e.g. the Special Economic Zones in China or the maquiladoras zones in Mexico) but often extended thereafter to companies located outside these specifically designated areas. While the number of export processing zones has risen to about 850, their success in expanding employment and trade is mixed. In several countries employment in these zones rose sharply and trade was growing rapidly while in many other countries the creation of special zones granting tariff preferences to processing trade had a negligible impact on both trade and employment. In the 1990's the most dynamic processing traders among the developing countries are to be found in Asia and Latin America.

A comprehensive appreciation of the contribution of "processing trade" to the expansion of developing countries' merchandise exports and imports is not attempted here, as the data on processing trade are not as readily available as standard trade statistics. However, the examples given below show that the "processing trade" has gained in importance and often played a crucial part in these countries' overall trade performance. All the eight countries presented in Chart II.4 have recorded an expansion of exports well ahead of the global average in the last decade. Five of them recorded average annual export growth rates around 15 per cent, which is about three times faster than the global trade expansion of 5.5 per cent.

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU trade), 1999


Preferential tariff treatment to "processing trade" is not only a feature of trade regimes in the developing countries. Industrial countries too are often providing duty exemption or reduction on imported goods if these products have been manufactured abroad with materials/components from the importing country. While the value of these imports can be relatively important in bilateral trade flows, their share in total imports is at present rather moderate. For the United States and the European Union the share of imports benefitting from this specific duty exemption amounted to 8 per cent in the US and to 2 per cent in the EU (excluding intra-trade) in 1998. In the United States the share of processing trade in total imports declined markedly as trade with Mexico and Canada became increasingly tariff free with the implementation of NAFTA.

Table II-5
Processing trade and export performance of selected countries, 1990-99
(Billion dollars and percentage)
 Total exportShare ofValue of
 growthprocessing tradeprocessing exports
Country1990-199919981998
 (percent)(percent)(billion $)
 
Dominican Republic an.a. 82.2 4.1 
Tunisia5.9 67.4 4.0 
China13.5 56.9 104.6 
El Salvadorb16.8 48.6 1.2 
Philippines16.5 40.9 12.1 
Mexico14.4 45.2 53.1 
Morocco6.4 34.7 2.6 
Bangladesh c15.2 13.4 0.7 
Memorandum item:      
World total5.4   
 
a Between 1993 and 1998 exports grew by 9.2% and world exports by 7.7% annually.
b Refers to years 1991-1999.
c Refers to fiscal years.
Source: National Statistics


6. Outlook

Global economic output is expected to accelerate from 3 per cent in 1999 to about 3.5 per cent in 2000. The volume of world merchandise trade growth should reach 6.5 per cent. Higher trade growth is possible, in particular, if the demand in Western Europe and Japan pick up more strongly than currently projected.

In 2000, GDP growth of industrial countries could expand by 3 per cent or one half per cent faster than in 1999 as moderately lower growth in the United States is more than offset by higher growth in Western Europe and Japan. Latin America and the Middle East should see a strong pick-up in their GDP growth after experiencing a stagnation of output in 1999. Higher growth is also projected for the transition and African economies. GDP growth of the Asian developing countries is projected to remain unchanged as the impact of the expansionary fiscal policies and the rebuilding of inventories will be less important in 2000 than in 1999, but offset by a strengthening of fixed investment and private consumption.

More robust growth of the world economy in 2000, together with the carry-over effect due to the trade acceleration in the second half of 1999 is projected to lead to export volume growth of at least 6.5 per cent. Most of this higher growth is expected to come from Western Europe and to a lesser extent from Latin America, the Middle East and the transition economies. North America and the developing countries in Asia, which recorded double digit import growth in 1999, are likely to expand their imports less rapidly in 2000, and the projected deceleration of North America's final demand should lead to less dynamic import growth in 2000.

The projections above assume that the oil price will recede from its US$30 per barrel level in the first quarter back to a range of US$20 to US$25 and that major financial market turbulence - in particular a sudden sharp correction of stock markets and the dollar rate - can be avoided in the remaining months of the year. A sharp correction of the stock markets, together with a marked slowing down of United States demand and imports, could alter the trade forecast significantly. Note, for example, that at nearly 350 billion dollars, the United States merchandise trade deficit in 1999 exceeded the total imports of Japan. A disruptive adjustment of the current external imbalances would imply a major risk to trade growth in the near future.


Appendix Table 1
Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 1999
(Billion dollars and percentage)
 
 Annual Annual
 percentage percentage
ExportersValueSharechange ImportersValueSharechange
 19981999 19981999
 
United States695.012.4-12 United States1059.918.0512
Germany540.59.660 Germany472.68.060
Japan419.47.5-88 United Kingdom320.75.522
France299.05.35-2 Japan310.75.3-1711
United Kingdom268.44.8-3-2 France286.14.97-1
Canada238.44.2011 Canada220.23.737
Italy230.84.11-5 Italy216.03.730
Netherlands204.13.642 Netherlands188.93.251
China194.93.516 Hong Kong, China181.73.1-12-3
Belgium-Luxembourg184.13.363 retained imports a29.20.5-30-20
      Belgium-Luxembourg169.42.972
 
Hong Kong, China174.83.1-70 China165.72.8-118
domestic exports22.20.4-10-10 Mexico148.22.51413
Korea, Rep. of144.22.6-39 Spain145.02.589
Mexico136.72.4616 Korea, Rep. of119.72.0-3528
Taipei, Chinese121.62.2-910 Taipei, Chinese111.01.9-86
Singapore114.62.0-124 Singapore111.01.9-239
domestic exports68.61.2-138 retained imports a65.01.1-3118
Spain109.42.050 Switzerland80.11.450
Malaysia84.51.5-715 Australia69.01.2-27
Sweden84.51.520 Sweden68.21.240
Switzerland80.61.442 Austria67.81.250
Russian Fed. b74.31.3-160      
 
Ireland69.61.2208 Malaysia65.51.1-2612
Austria62.01.17-1 Brazil51.80.9-7-15
Thailand58.41.0-57 Thailand50.60.9-3218
Australia56.11.0-110 Ireland45.60.8142
Saudi Arabia50.50.9-3527 Poland44.80.811-5
Indonesia48.50.9-9-1 India44.60.834
Brazil48.00.9-4-6 Denmark43.30.74-6
Denmark47.80.9-1-1 Russian Fed. b41.10.7-20-30
Norway44.90.8-1813 Turkey39.20.7-5-15
Finland41.50.76-4 Portugal37.60.652
 
Total of above c4927.087.8-- Total of above c4976.084.7--
World c5610.0100.0-23 World c5875.0100.0-14
 
a Retained imports are defined as imports less re-exports.
b Includes trade with the Baltic States and the CIS.
c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.

Appendix Table 2

(Billion dollars and percentage)
 
 Annual Annual
 percentage percentage
ExportersValueSharechange ImportersValueSharechange
 19981999 19981999
 
European Union(15)798.618.90-1 United States1059.923.6512
United States695.016.4-12 European Union (15)851.218.963
Japan419.49.9-88 Japan310.76.9-1711
Canada238.45.6011 Canada220.24.937
China194.94.616 Hong Kong, China181.74.0-12-3
Hong Kong, China174.84.1-70 retained imports a29.20.6-30-20
domestic exports22.20.5-10-10 China165.73.7-118
Korea, Rep. of144.23.4-39 Mexico148.23.31413
Mexico136.73.2616 Korea, Rep. of119.72.7-3528
Taipei, Chinese121.62.9-910 Taipei, Chinese111.02.5-86
Singapore114.62.7-124 Singapore111.02.5-239
domestic exports68.61.6-138 retained imports a65.01.4-3118
 
Malaysia84.52.0-715 Switzerland80.11.850
Switzerland80.61.942 Australia69.01.5-27
Russian Fed. b74.31.8-160 Malaysia65.51.5-3512
Thailand58.41.4-57 Brazil51.81.2-7-15
Australia56.11.3-110 Thailand50.61.1-3218
Saudi Arabia50.51.2-3527 Poland44.81.011-5
Indonesia48.51.1-9-1 India44.61.034
Brazil48.01.1-4-6 Russian Fed. b41.10.9-20-30
Norway44.91.1-1813 Turkey39.20.9-5-15
India36.50.9-49 Norway33.80.81-7
 
Philippines35.00.81819 Israel33.20.7-513
United Arab Emirates29.50.7-1315 Philippines32.60.7-184
Czech Rep.26.80.6162 Saudi Arabia30.00.740
Poland26.80.610-5 United Arab Emirates28.90.6-96
South Africa c26.70.6-91 Czech Rep. d28.90.660
Turkey26.20.63-3 Hungary27.70.6218
Israel25.30.6210 South Africa c26.80.6-9-8
Hungary24.60.6207 Argentina25.50.63-19
Argentina23.30.60-12 Indonesia23.90.5-34-13
Venezuela18.90.4-2110 Egypt16.20.4220
 
Total of above e3884.091.8- - Total of above e4073.090.7--
World (excl. intra-EU trade) e4232.0100.0-44 World (excl. intra-EU trade) e4494.0100.0-35
 
a Retained imports are defined as imports less re-exports.
b Includes trade with the Baltic States and the CIS.
c Beginning 1998, figures refer to South Africa and no longer to the South African Common Customs Area.
d Imports are valued f.o.b.
e Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.

Appendix Table 3
Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 1999
(Billion dollars and percentage)
         
   Annual    Annual
   percentage    percentage
ExportersValueSharechange ImportersValueSharechange
   19981999    19981999
           
United States251.718.825 United States182.313.7810
United Kingdom101.47.672 Germany127.29.532
France79.35.95-6 Japan113.98.5-93
Germany76.85.73-3 United Kingdom81.46.1114
Italy64.54.80-3 Italy62.74.770
Japan59.84.5-9-3 France59.24.45-9
Spain54.14.01211 Netherlands46.53.540
Netherlands53.14.033 Canada37.12.8-45
Belgium-Luxembourg37.62.864 Belgium-Luxembourg35.52.684
Hong Kong, China35.42.6-103 China32.12.4-4
           
Austria32.62.493 Spain30.92.31312
Canada32.42.427 Austria29.52.26-2
Switzerland27.22.055 Korea, Rep. of26.72.0-1914
China26.62.0-2 Ireland23.51.83218
Korea, Rep. of25.01.9-65 Taipei, Chinese23.21.7-40
Singapore22.91.7-4025 Sweden22.81.7115
Sweden18.01.312 Hong Kong, China22.41.7-2-2
Australia17.21.3-139 Singapore19.31.4-78
Denmark16.01.268 Australia18.01.3-86
Turkey16.01.221-31 India17.31.31622
           
Taipei, Chinese14.81.1-2-11 Denmark16.21.2135
Thailand14.11.1-168 Switzerland15.71.283
Norway13.71.0-3-2 Norway15.41.242
India13.21.02419 Thailand13.91.0-3117
Mexico11.60.96-3 Mexico13.71.079
Malaysia10.80.8-24 Malaysia13.01.0-24
Greece10.50.86 Indonesia12.70.9-288
Israel10.30.8814 Russian Fed.11.70.9-14-27
Poland9.80.721-10 Brazil11.60.99-26
Russian Fed.9.70.7-9-25 Israel10.70.8512
           
Total of above1165.087.1-- Total of above1145.085.9--
World1340.0100.00.01.5 World1335.0100.00.52.5

›››Archivo
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Roma
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Alegría Tauro
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Roma
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MSC Cruceros se une a Carnival y Royal Caribbean para capitalizar el astillero de Gran Bahama
Miami
Las negociaciones en curso desde finales de 2024 han concluido con éxito.
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Nápoles
En reconocimiento del papel primordial que desempeñan los operadores logísticos en el tráfico mediterráneo
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Zúrich
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Lugano
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Génova
En el aeropuerto de la capital de Liguria se registró un descenso del -2,4% y en el de Savona un aumento del +7,2%.
Consilium Safety Group amplía su presencia en Turquía y el mercado marítimo
Gotemburgo
Ares Marine adquirido
Los primeros vagones de mercancías InnoWay han salido de la planta de Bagnoli della Rosandra
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Seúl
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Los comisionados de las distintas AdSP también asumen las competencias atribuidas a los Comités de Gestión.
Roma
Disposiciones para las autoridades portuarias del mar Jónico, del mar Adriático centro-norte, del mar de Liguria oriental y del mar Tirreno septentrional
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Ferrara/Nápoles
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PROXIMAS SALIDAS
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Salida
Destinación:
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Hupac anuncia la ampliación del servicio de transporte Duisburg-Singen con conexiones a Italia
Ruido
Se realizarán salidas diarias.
Se ha realizado la transferencia del 80% del capital de Louis-Dreyfus Armateurs a InfraVia
Suresnes/París
La familia Louis-Dreyfus conserva el 20% restante
Puerto de Génova, luz verde para la ampliación de la concesión a Spinelli hasta el 30 de septiembre
Génova
Vale también la ampliación al grupo Campostano
El Fondo Marítimo Nacional inició el reconocimiento de becas
Génova
Se otorgan para cursos de formación básica y familiarización en seguridad.
RFI y MIT firman la actualización del contrato del programa por aproximadamente 2.100 millones
Roma
Se prevén unos 500 millones de euros para la gestión de la red ferroviaria
San Giorgio del Porto entrega un buque para el abastecimiento de gas natural licuado
Génova
Fue construido para Genova Trasporti Marittimi.
Pisano (AdSP Liguria Orientale): los puertos de La Spezia y Carrara se han integrado casi a la perfección
La Spezia/Bari
Nombrado Comisario Extraordinario de la Autoridad Portuaria del Mar Adriático Meridional
Raffaele Latrofa nombrado presidente de la AdSP del Mar Tirreno Centro-Norte
Roma
Es el teniente de alcalde de Pisa.
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders de India adquiere el control del astillero Colombo de Sri Lanka.
Bombay
Inversión de aproximadamente 53 millones de dólares
Al Comisario de la Autoridad Portuaria del Mar de Liguria Occidental se le han otorgado los poderes y prerrogativas del Comité de Gestión
Génova
La medida pendiente del restablecimiento de los órganos superiores de dirección ordinarios
Aprobado el Plan Operativo Trienal 2025-2027 de la Autoridad Portuaria del Adriático Central
Ancona
Opinión favorable del Organismo de Asociación para los Recursos Marinos
El 2 de julio se celebrará en Génova la reunión pública del Centro Internacional de Estudios de Contenedores
Génova
Se abordarán las transformaciones físicas del contenedor y la digitalización de procesos.
Andrea Ormesani es el nuevo presidente de Assosped Venezia
Venecia
Se ha renovado la junta directiva. Paolo Salvaro sigue siendo secretario general.
Witte (ISU): En 2024, el sector de salvamento de barcos se estabilizó desde el mínimo de hace dos años
Londres
La empresa finlandesa Elomatic instalará propulsores de túnel en 11 cruceros de Carnival
Turku
Las obras comenzarán el próximo otoño y finalizarán en 2028
La asamblea de Assarmatori se celebrará en Roma el 1 de julio
Roma
"Mediterráneo contracorriente" el tema del encuentro
Fincantieri ha entregado el nuevo crucero Viking Vesta a la empresa estadounidense Viking
Trieste/Los Ángeles
Fue construido en el astillero de Ancona.
La Guardia Costera de Génova ha puesto bajo detención administrativa al buque portacontenedores PL Germany.
Génova
El Grupo MSC gestionará los servicios de cruceros en los puertos de Bari y Brindisi
Bari
Concesión de diez años con posibilidad de prórroga
La Armada italiana encarga dos nuevos buques de combate multipropósito a Fincantieri
Trieste
El pedido al astillero asciende a 700 millones de euros
La Kombiverkehr alemana vuelve a generar beneficios en 2024
Fráncfort del Meno
El nivel de ingresos se mantuvo sin cambios en 434,6 millones de euros.
Deltamarin diseñará los seis nuevos buques ro-pax encargados por Grimaldi para las rutas del Mediterráneo
Turku
La práctica de la subcontratación en la logística europea está creando un mercado laboral paralelo donde no se respetan los derechos
Bruselas
Presentan informe "Lo sentimos, lo subcontratamos"
Mañana Grendi lanzará el cuarto barco del grupo en rutas hacia y desde Cerdeña.
Milán
"Grendi Star", con una capacidad de carga de 2.800 metros lineales, conectará Marina di Carrara y Cagliari
Firmado el contrato de apoyo operativo de las fragatas FREMM entre Orizzonte Sistemi Navali y OCCAR
Taranto
El acuerdo tiene un valor total de aproximadamente 764 millones de euros.
En el puerto de Gioia Tauro, militares de la Guardia di Finanza incautaron 228 kilos de cocaína
Regio de Calabria
Dos estibadores detenidos
Llamamiento a reformar todo el sistema de formación de conductores en el sector del transporte
Roma
Se presentaron siete propuestas
Puerto de Livorno, nuevo observatorio para encontrar soluciones al problema de la congestión portuaria
Livorno
Marilli: Buscaremos soluciones para llegar a la posible revocación de la tasa portuaria
Lockton PL Ferrari cerró el último ejercicio fiscal con unos ingresos brutos de 34 millones de dólares
Génova
El volumen de primas de seguros aumentó a 350 millones
El grupo polaco Trans Polonia adquiere el holding holandés Nijman/Zeetank
Tczew
Se especializa en el transporte y logística de productos líquidos y gaseosos.
d'Amico Tankers vende dos petroleros construidos en 2011 por 36,2 millones de dólares
Luxemburgo
Serán entregados a los compradores a finales de julio y el 21 de diciembre.
PUERTOS
Puertos italianos:
Ancona Génova Rávena
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Liorna Taranto
Cagliari Nápoli Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venecia
Interpuertos Italianos: lista Puertos del mundo: Mapa
BANCO DE DATOS
Armadores Reparadores navales y astilleros
Expedicionarios Abastecedores de bordo
Agencias marítimas Transportistas
MEETINGS
La asamblea de Assarmatori se celebrará en Roma el 1 de julio
Roma
"Mediterráneo contracorriente" el tema del encuentro
El 2 de julio se celebrará en Génova la reunión pública del Centro Internacional de Estudios de Contenedores
Génova
››› Archivo
RESEÑA DE LA PRENSA
US has its eye on Greek ports
(Kathimerini)
Proposed 30% increase for port tariffs to be in phases, says Loke
(Free Malaysia Today)
››› Reseña de la Prensa Archivo
FORUM de lo shipping y
de la logística
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› Archivo
La Academia de la Marina Mercante Italiana prevé 13 nuevos cursos gratuitos
Génova
Más de 300 puestos disponibles
Una delegación de Wista Italia visita los puertos de Catania y Augusta
Catania/Agosto
La asociación está formada por mujeres que ocupan puestos de responsabilidad en los sectores marítimo, logístico y comercial.
En los cinco primeros meses de 2025, el puerto de Algeciras gestionó 1,9 millones de contenedores (-6,3%)
Algeciras
Los contenedores vacíos disminuyeron un -5,5% y los llenos un -6,4%
El Grupo Reway entra en el sector del mantenimiento de infraestructuras ferroviarias portuarias
Licciana Nardi
Dos contratos adjudicados por la AdSP del Mar de Liguria Oriental
Delcomar y Ensamar se hacen cargo de los servicios marítimos con las islas menores de Cerdeña
Cagliari
Se ha adjudicado la licitación para la concesión de las conexiones por seis años
Puerto de Trieste, el recién nombrado Gurrieri torpedea al recién nombrado Torbianelli
Trieste
Russo (Pd): es un sórdido juego de poder
SeaLead de Singapur amplía su oferta de transporte marítimo para conectar Turquía e Italia
Singapur
Ruta conectada a los servicios que transitan por el Canal de Suez
El programa estadounidense de Iniciativa de Seguridad de Contenedores se extiende a Marruecos
Rabat
Amrani: Consolidemos el papel de Tanger Med como centro marítimo seguro y de clase mundial
Primer trimestre muy positivo para los bancos griegos Euroseas
Atenas
Pittas: el impulso positivo continuó en el segundo trimestre
Assonat y SACE presentan un plan para los puertos turísticos italianos
Roma
RINA ha adquirido la totalidad del capital de la empresa finlandesa Foreship
Helsinki
La empresa con sede en Helsinki está especializada en consultoría en el campo de la ingeniería marina y mecánica.
Kuehne+Nagel ha abierto una nueva sucursal en Nápoles
Milán
El objetivo es apoyar el crecimiento operativo del grupo en el sur de Italia.
El tráfico de contenedores cae en los puertos de Barcelona y Valencia en mayo
Barcelona/Valencia
Reanudación del tránsito de contenedores en el puerto catalán
El tráfico anual de carga en los puertos griegos se mantendrá estable en 2024
El Pireo
Los volúmenes internos están creciendo, mientras que el comercio exterior está disminuyendo
Perplejidad de los transitarios, agentes de aduanas y agentes marítimos de La Spezia ante la cesión del puerto de Carrara a la AdSP toscana
La especia
Tímidamente, "esperan que se tengan en cuenta los avances logrados hasta ahora".
Francesco Mastro nombrado comisario extraordinario de la Autoridad Portuaria del Mar Adriático Sur
Roma
Asumirá el cargo el 30 de junio.
John Denholm será el nuevo presidente de la Cámara Naviera Internacional
Atenas
Reemplazará a Emanuele Grimaldi dentro de un año.
Se han instalado los comisarios extraordinarios de las dos Autoridades del Sistema Portuario de Liguria
Génova/La Spezia
Matteo Paroli y Bruno Pisano al frente de las instituciones
Assogasliquidi-Federchimica muestra el camino para acelerar la descarbonización del transporte por carretera y marítimo
Roma
El tráfico de contenedores en el puerto de Hong Kong cae drásticamente en mayo
Hong Kong
Se manejaron 1,05 millones de TEUs (-12,7%)
El comando del petrolero Eagle S es acusado de cortar cables submarinos en el Golfo de Finlandia
Ventajas
El accidente fue causado por el ancla del barco.
Plataforma en línea para denunciar problemas críticos que ponen en riesgo a los trabajadores del transporte
Génova
Fue preparado por Fit Cisl Liguria
GNV creará una conexión directa de verano entre Civitavecchia y Túnez
Génova
Circulará por el trazado histórico vía Palermo.
Completada la unificación de las concesiones de Grimaldi en el puerto de Barcelona
Madrid/Barcelona
El contrato vence el 20 de septiembre de 2035.
En los primeros cinco meses de 2025, el tráfico de carga en los puertos rusos cayó un -4,9%
San Petersburgo
En mayo se registró una disminución de aproximadamente -12%.
El Grupo Logístico Raben crea una filial en Turquía
Milán
Contará con 20 empleados y un almacén cross-dock de 2.000 metros cuadrados
Alberto Dellepiane confirmado como presidente de Assorimorchiatori
Roma
La composición de toda la dirección de la asociación permanece inalterada.
Acuerdo entre Fincantieri y PMM de Indonesia para desarrollar soluciones para afrontar nuevos retos submarinos no convencionales
Adjudicadas las obras de adecuación estructural del muelle 23 del puerto de Ancona
Ancona
Intervención por valor de más de 11,8 millones de euros
Conferencia sobre el papel del GNL y el bioGNL para la descarbonización del transporte y la industria
Roma
El evento Federchimica-Assogasliquidi tendrá lugar el lunes en Roma.
La holandesa Bolidt aumenta su presencia en el sector de cruceros con la adquisición de la estadounidense Boteka
Hendrik Ido Ambacht
Contship Italia ha adquirido la empresa de servicios aduaneros genovés STS
Melzo
La empresa ligur fue fundada en 1985
Francesco Benevolo ha sido nombrado comisario extraordinario de la AdSP del Mar Adriático Centro-Norte
Roma
Es director de operaciones de RAM - Logística, Infraestructura y Transporte
Montaresi dimite como comisario de la Autoridad Portuaria de Liguria Oriental
La especia
En los ocho meses de gestión -subraya- no hemos perdido ni un segundo.
Gurrieri ha sido nombrado comisario extraordinario de la AdSP del Mar Adriático Oriental
Trieste
A la espera de que concluya el proceso formal para la designación del presidente
Los comisarios de la AdSP de Liguria Occidental han entregado su mandato al ministro Salvini
Génova
La decisión se enmarca en el proceso de designación y nominación de los nuevos líderes.
Confetra critica las disposiciones del decreto-ley Infraestructura para el transporte por carretera
Roma
La Confederación insta a bloquear el proceso de nombramiento de los presidentes de las autoridades portuarias
Las taiwanesas Evergreen, Yang Ming y WHL vieron una caída en sus ingresos en mayo
Keelung/Taipéi
El descenso se acentúa para las dos principales empresas
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