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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 1/99 - JANUARY 1999

Intermodal Transport

Il Tunnel della Manica ristagna

Un portavoce della EWS (English, Welsh and Scottish Railways) stima che il traffico attraverso il Tunnel della Manica nel 1998 finirà probabilmente per totalizzare circa tre milioni di tonnellate. Ciò include il traffico intermodale ed autoveicolare (veicoli trasportati su pianali ferroviari), ma esclude il servizio veicoli ro-ro dai terminals del Tunnel a Cheriton, nei pressi di Folkestone (Regno Unito) a Calais (in Francia). La EWS comprende in sé la RfD (Railfreight Distribution), l'operatore di convogli ferroviari intermodali e porta-veicoli che poi vende completi a vettori intermodali di origine ferroviaria, i quali a loro volta vendono la capacità agli spedizionieri e ad altri operatori di trasporto combinato.

Se queste cifre si dimostreranno giuste, ciò rappresenterà solo un piccolo incremento rispetto al 1997. Secondo il portavoce, "le vicende di vero e proprio successo nel corso degli ultimi tre o quattro anni" sono state quelle dei servizi intermodali tra il Regno Unito e l'Italia, nonché il servizio Transfesa dal Regno Unito alla Spagna, il quale è per lo più dedicato al trasporto di componenti per l'industria automobilistica.

Il piccolo incremento dei volumi è confermato da Francois Leclerq, direttore esecutivo della CTL (Combined Transport Ltd), che - ammette - è il principale vettore intermodale di origine ferroviaria attraverso il Tunnel della Manica.

Leclerq sottolinea il "notevole rallentamento" della crescita complessiva nel corso del 1998 rispetto all'anno precedente. Egli calcola che i volumi di traffico propri della CTL siano rimasti più o meno allo stesso livello. Tuttavia, la CTL si è ritirata dal mercato intermodale Regno Unito-Spagna ad aprile dello scorso anno, il che ha avuto il suo effetto sui volumi della CTL. "Dal punto di vista commerciale, avremmo voluto restare in questo mercato" spiega Leclerq, "ma la qualità del servizio che ricevevamo dalle ferrovie era inadeguata e la nostra credibilità stava per essere messa in dubbio, di modo che abbiamo deciso di uscirne".

Leclerq identifica un certo numero di fattori avversi che influenzano le prestazioni complessive della CTL e dei suoi concorrenti intermodali attraverso il Tunnel. Tra loro si possono annoverare l'elevato valore della sterlina britannica nel 1998, che ha reso più difficile per i produttori britannici vendere agli acquirenti del continente europeo, nonché la privatizzazione e la frammentazione del settore ferroviario nel Regno Unito. Afferma Leclerq: "Ciò comporta costi più alti per gli operatori come noi e - di conseguenza - costi più alti per gli spedizionieri, gli operatori di trasporto combinato e gli autotrasportatori che comprano da noi la capacità". Un altro fattore, secondo Leclerq, è costituito dalla competitività tariffaria dei traghetti di linea che traversano la Manica.

Ciononostante, Leclerq ritiene che il mercato trasportistico ora accetti il fatto che la direttrice del Tunnel della Manica rappresenti un'opzione percorribile e confida che la CTL possa essere in grado di incrementare i propri volumi nel 1999. Ha dichiarato: "Ciò farà sì che le ferrovie continuino a migliorare la qualità dei propri servizi, sebbene la deroga a favore dell'incremento a 41 tonnellate del limite di peso trasportabile su strada nel Regno Unito non ci favorirà di certo". La sterlina inglese, verso la fine dell'autunno 1998, stava perdendo valore; in tal modo, i prodotti britannici dovrebbero divenire più competitivi dal punto di vista dei prezzi nel continente europeo.

Leclerq ritiene che vi sia potenziale di crescita per il traffico intermodale in ambito europeo, ma è d'accordo sulla considerazione che la qualità del servizio ferroviario non sia ancora abbastanza buona. Egli, tuttavia, ravvisa segnali secondo i quali le ferrovie, specialmente nel continente europeo, stanno migliorando il proprio servizio in termini di affidabilità e di altri fattori.

La UNILOG, il vettore intermodale posseduto in parte dalla EWS (con una quota del 45%) ed in parte dalla belga Interferry (con il 55%) e che opera tra il Regno Unito, Muizen (In Belgio) e Duisburg (in Germania), ha incrementato i propri trasporti approssimativamente del 25% nel 1998, a detta del direttore generale Roger Turpin.

Non si è trattato certo di un cattivo risultato, dal momento che il traffico intermodale di origine ferroviaria dal Regno Unito alla Germania non si é in genere sviluppato in misura adeguata. Ciononostante, fa notare Turpin, "all'inizio del 1996 avevamo sei treni alla settimana, mentre ora ne abbiamo undici". La maggior parte del traffico trasportato dalla UNILOG consiste più di contenitori ISO che di swapbodies.

Parlando della vitalità del servizio della UNILOG, Turpin ha sottolineato come sia Muizen che Duisburg siano entrambi divenuti importanti nodi ed offrano numerose connessioni ferroviarie. Egli inoltre afferma: "Poiché operiamo su brevi tratte, sulle quali posiamo disporre di un elevato grado di controllo, e non consentiamo ai nostri camion di uscire dai circuiti che percorrono, siamo stati in grado di mostrare un elevato grado di affidabilità, il che incoraggia gli spedizionieri a movimentare il proprio traffico tramite noi".

Julia Clarke, direttore della britannica RFG (Rail Freight Group), che agisce quale "cane da guardia" del settore ferroviario del Regno Unito ed è supportata dalle compagnie ferroviarie e dalle imprese utenti delle ferrovie britanniche, in relazione alle tre principali questioni inerenti ai servizi intermodali attraverso il Tunnel della Manica, svolge le seguenti considerazioni:

  • Affidabilità - L'affidabilità degli orari, asserisce la Clarke, è drammatica, in particolar modo per il traffico in ingresso nel Regno Unito ma anche per quello diretto all'esterno, ed insiste sul fatto che riuscire a conseguire tale affidabilità rappresenti una priorità.
  • Lamenta la Clarke: "Sono soggetti a scarsa affidabilità specialmente i treni che viaggiano in Francia ed in Italia. Spesso i convogli né partono né arrivano secondo gli orari previsti e ciò si deve alle prestazioni delle ferrovie ed agli scioperi in Francia". I treni-blocco ad orari fissi (in effetti, navette) in transito dal punto A al punto B e viceversa sono a detta della Clarke i più affidabili; ella commenta, peraltro, che presso il terminal intermodale di Willesden (Londra), ad esempio, molti convogli vengono suddivisi e questo comporta uno smistamento e - di conseguenza - un minore livello in ordine all'affidabilità dei tempi di viaggio.
  • La scarsa affidabilità, spiega la Clarke, si traduce in costi, dal momento che se un camion viene inviato a ritirare un contenitore o uno swapbody presso un terminal e l'unità arriva in ritardo, ciò comporta costi aggiuntivi (quali le ore in più da pagare all'autista) nonché ritardi inerenti al veicolo. "Inoltre, il mancato rispetto degli orari può finire per richiedere movimentazioni straordinarie presso i terminals e per provocare intasamenti, che vanno ad incrementare i costi operativi del terminal, i quali sono passibili di trasferimento a carico degli utenti finali, vale dire caricatori od importatori. Si tratta di costi diretti, ma bisogna considerare anche il fatto che quando i clienti sono insoddisfatti ciò può indurre una perdita di traffici, la quale di per se stessa è un costo, anche se occulto".
  • Prezzi - La Clarke sostiene che i prezzi attraverso il Tunnel della Manica per il trasporto intermodale non sono competitivi rispetto a quelli dell'autotrasporto, tanto è vero che afferma: "In effetti, al chilometro la tratta del Tunnel della Manica rappresenta la linea ferroviaria più cara d'Europa!". Ella rammenta che ciò risale al periodo antecedente l'apertura del Tunnel al trasporto intermodale, allorquando i prezzi unitari (relativi a swapbodies e containers) erano stati concordati tra la Eurotunnel, le ferrovie operanti via Tunnel ed i governi britannico e francese.
  • "Si tratta di una struttura tariffaria rigida" commenta la Clarke "che non tiene conto del fatto che, dal momento dell'apertura del Tunnel, la concorrenza inerente all'attraversamento della Manica da parte dei traghetti e degli autotrasportatori si è incrementata, dando quale risultato una serrata concorrenza tariffaria. I prezzi via Tunnel per il trasporto intermodale non riflettono questa situazione".
  • Sicurezza - Quest'ultima è notevolmente più onerosa di quella relativa al trasporto stradale, sottolinea la Clarke. Le diverse norme in ordine alle ispezioni ed alla sicurezza sono complesse e si stima che esse facciano aumentare il costo del trasporto di un contenitore o di uno swapbody sino ad una cifra di 30 sterline. Questo è un fattore di costo aggiuntivo che rende meno competitiva la direttrice intermodale attraverso il Tunnel della Manica.

Un'altra questione citata dalla Clarke è l'attuale tendenza da parte dei produttori ad affidare gli incarichi relativi alle proprie esigenze distributive in Europa ad appena uno, o forse due, operatori logistici o spedizionieri. E' possibile che il produttore, ovvero caricatore, non si curi delle tratte utilizzate. "Se l'operatore logistico o lo spedizioniere non è un utente assiduo del Tunnel, e peraltro è impegnato in un considerevole quantitativo di altre attività all'interno del continente europeo, è facile che quell'operatore preferisca istradare il proprio traffico britannico via traghetto ovvero mediante servizi di autotrasporto".

Il Tunnel della Manica non costituisce la sola tratta intermodale per il trasporto di containers e di swapbodies dal Regno Unito all'Europa continentale. La Bell Lines è crollata, ma un certo numero di operatori, come la Geest North Sea Line, da qualche anno effettua con successo servizi operativi. Tali servizi, in senso stretto, sono intermodali, dal momento che combinano attraversamenti marittimi a corto raggio con opzioni stradali, ferroviarie ed idroviarie sul Reno allo scopo di offrire servizi da punto a punto a spedizionieri e caricatori.

Inoltre la Freightliner, operatore fondamentalmente ferroviario meglio conosciuto per il trasporto di contenitori fra i porti del Regno Unito e l'hinterland delle Isole Britanniche e che nello scorso mese di ottobre ha lanciato un innovativo servizio di piggyback da Manchester a Tilbury nell'ambito di una catena dell'offerta senza soluzione di continuità, mediante l'utilizzazione di cisterne stradali costruite ad hoc, progettate ed adoperate dalla EXEL Logistics Tankfreight, ha dato inizio ad un servizio Regno Unito-Continente strutturato su una combinazione di partenze ferroviarie e di traghetti.

Il servizio, che viene effettuato congiuntamente alla CTL, alla Cobelfret Ferries di Anversa ed alla International Ferry Boats (che fa parte delle Ferrovie Nazionali Belghe), è stato "messo su" nei primi dieci mesi del 1998 ed "è stato inaugurato ufficialmente ad ottobre" come dichiara Bill Shiplee, direttore commerciale della Freightliner.

Le partenze ferroviarie avvengono ogni notte da Manchester e da Crewe, con collegamenti con altri importanti terminals ferroviari nel Regno Unito, alla volta di Purfleet, dove le unità di carico vengono trasferite sui traghetti ro-ro della Cobelfret, le cui partenze avvengono con frequenza di sei al giorno. Nelle prime fasi delle operazioni veniva trasportato per lo più traffico di rinfuse, ma ultimamente vi è stato un notevole incremento delle movimentazioni di beni di consumo e di altre derrate rappresentate da carichi secchi, trasportati in swapbodies e contenitori. I carri impiegati dalla Freightliner e dalla CTL vengono utilizzati sulla tratta ferroviaria britannica. La CTL contribuisce solamente con carri di capacità swapbody.

Shiplee riferisce che una consegna in partenza dal nord o dal centro del Regno Unito alla sera, arriva a Zeebrugge il mattino seguente, "vale a dire altrettanto rapidamente delle altre modalità". Da Zeebrugge esistono connessioni stradali e ferroviarie alla volta di numerose destinazioni, specialmente in Germania, nel Belgio orientale e nei Paesi Bassi meridionali. "Peraltro" dichiara Shiplee "noi siamo veramente in grado di raggiungere qualsiasi destinazione nel continente europeo via Purfleet e Zeebrugge".

Spiega Shiplee: "Abbiamo dato inizio al servizio poiché ritenevamo che gli spedizionieri ed i caricatori desiderassero un'alternativa veloce ed efficiente al Tunnel della Manica e l'impressione che ne abbiamo tratto è stata che il servizio si sta dimostrando efficiente e popolare. La nostra intenzione è adesso quella di allargare la gamma delle destinazioni che serviamo nel continente europeo".

Dev'essere fonte di preoccupazioni il fatto che, dopo qualche anno di operazioni, i servizi intermodali attraverso il Tunnel della Manica - malgrado il notevole successo della tratta Regno Unito-Italia - ancora si attirino lamenti e critiche. Questioni quali l'inadeguato servizio ferroviario, la sicurezza e la struttura tariffaria rimangono fuori dal controllo di operatori che pure sono bene organizzati, quale la CTL, il che è frustrante per loro. E' probabile che si possa fare poco nei confronti dei prezzi bassi offerti dagli autotrasportatori e dagli operatori dei traghetti, ma l'esigenza di pressioni politiche sulle ferrovie affinché migliorino le proprie prestazioni è evidente di per se stessa.
(da: Containerisation International, dicembre 1998)

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Paolo Moretti has been appointed CEO of RINA Spa.
Genoa
Giosuè Vezzuto has assumed the role of CEO of RINA Services
HD Hyundai and Kiewit to establish joint venture at new shipyard in the US
Houston/Seoul
The construction of both military and commercial vessels is planned
Konecranes' quarterly port equipment orders decline as revenue increases
Helsinki
Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
Filt Cgil, recognize maritime and port work as arduous
Rome
The union is calling for a clear provision to be included in the next budget law.
Escola Europea - Intermodal Transport celebrates its 20th anniversary
Barcelona
A Mediterranean sea voyage between Barcelona, Civitavecchia, Palermo, and Genoa.
Tanker attacked in Hormuz
Southampton
The unit continued its navigation regularly
FS Logistix and Interporto Bologna presented the first Italian experimental DAC train
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
Sanilog launches a special cancer prevention campaign.
Rome
Three new areas dedicated to the prevention of head and neck and oral cavity cancers and the assessment of vascular risk
Contract awarded for dredging and completion of the electrification of the docks at the port of Gioia Tauro.
Gioia Tauro
They will be carried out respectively by Dravo and RTI Saet-Suardi
Student Naval Architect Award Awarded in Genoa
Genoa
The d'Amico Group and the Royal Institution of Naval Architects recognize excellence in naval engineering.
Freight transport is more expensive for Malta: €35 million per year between ETS, FuelEU and BAF
Zebbug
The hauliers' association calls on the government to challenge a European policy designed for the continent.
CMA CGM has finalized the acquisition of FedEx Supply Chain.
Marseille/Atlanta
With the transaction, CEVA Logistics' presence in North America has tripled.
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