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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 1/99 - JANUARY 1999

Intermodal Transport

Il Tunnel della Manica ristagna

Un portavoce della EWS (English, Welsh and Scottish Railways) stima che il traffico attraverso il Tunnel della Manica nel 1998 finirà probabilmente per totalizzare circa tre milioni di tonnellate. Ciò include il traffico intermodale ed autoveicolare (veicoli trasportati su pianali ferroviari), ma esclude il servizio veicoli ro-ro dai terminals del Tunnel a Cheriton, nei pressi di Folkestone (Regno Unito) a Calais (in Francia). La EWS comprende in sé la RfD (Railfreight Distribution), l'operatore di convogli ferroviari intermodali e porta-veicoli che poi vende completi a vettori intermodali di origine ferroviaria, i quali a loro volta vendono la capacità agli spedizionieri e ad altri operatori di trasporto combinato.

Se queste cifre si dimostreranno giuste, ciò rappresenterà solo un piccolo incremento rispetto al 1997. Secondo il portavoce, "le vicende di vero e proprio successo nel corso degli ultimi tre o quattro anni" sono state quelle dei servizi intermodali tra il Regno Unito e l'Italia, nonché il servizio Transfesa dal Regno Unito alla Spagna, il quale è per lo più dedicato al trasporto di componenti per l'industria automobilistica.

Il piccolo incremento dei volumi è confermato da Francois Leclerq, direttore esecutivo della CTL (Combined Transport Ltd), che - ammette - è il principale vettore intermodale di origine ferroviaria attraverso il Tunnel della Manica.

Leclerq sottolinea il "notevole rallentamento" della crescita complessiva nel corso del 1998 rispetto all'anno precedente. Egli calcola che i volumi di traffico propri della CTL siano rimasti più o meno allo stesso livello. Tuttavia, la CTL si è ritirata dal mercato intermodale Regno Unito-Spagna ad aprile dello scorso anno, il che ha avuto il suo effetto sui volumi della CTL. "Dal punto di vista commerciale, avremmo voluto restare in questo mercato" spiega Leclerq, "ma la qualità del servizio che ricevevamo dalle ferrovie era inadeguata e la nostra credibilità stava per essere messa in dubbio, di modo che abbiamo deciso di uscirne".

Leclerq identifica un certo numero di fattori avversi che influenzano le prestazioni complessive della CTL e dei suoi concorrenti intermodali attraverso il Tunnel. Tra loro si possono annoverare l'elevato valore della sterlina britannica nel 1998, che ha reso più difficile per i produttori britannici vendere agli acquirenti del continente europeo, nonché la privatizzazione e la frammentazione del settore ferroviario nel Regno Unito. Afferma Leclerq: "Ciò comporta costi più alti per gli operatori come noi e - di conseguenza - costi più alti per gli spedizionieri, gli operatori di trasporto combinato e gli autotrasportatori che comprano da noi la capacità". Un altro fattore, secondo Leclerq, è costituito dalla competitività tariffaria dei traghetti di linea che traversano la Manica.

Ciononostante, Leclerq ritiene che il mercato trasportistico ora accetti il fatto che la direttrice del Tunnel della Manica rappresenti un'opzione percorribile e confida che la CTL possa essere in grado di incrementare i propri volumi nel 1999. Ha dichiarato: "Ciò farà sì che le ferrovie continuino a migliorare la qualità dei propri servizi, sebbene la deroga a favore dell'incremento a 41 tonnellate del limite di peso trasportabile su strada nel Regno Unito non ci favorirà di certo". La sterlina inglese, verso la fine dell'autunno 1998, stava perdendo valore; in tal modo, i prodotti britannici dovrebbero divenire più competitivi dal punto di vista dei prezzi nel continente europeo.

Leclerq ritiene che vi sia potenziale di crescita per il traffico intermodale in ambito europeo, ma è d'accordo sulla considerazione che la qualità del servizio ferroviario non sia ancora abbastanza buona. Egli, tuttavia, ravvisa segnali secondo i quali le ferrovie, specialmente nel continente europeo, stanno migliorando il proprio servizio in termini di affidabilità e di altri fattori.

La UNILOG, il vettore intermodale posseduto in parte dalla EWS (con una quota del 45%) ed in parte dalla belga Interferry (con il 55%) e che opera tra il Regno Unito, Muizen (In Belgio) e Duisburg (in Germania), ha incrementato i propri trasporti approssimativamente del 25% nel 1998, a detta del direttore generale Roger Turpin.

Non si è trattato certo di un cattivo risultato, dal momento che il traffico intermodale di origine ferroviaria dal Regno Unito alla Germania non si é in genere sviluppato in misura adeguata. Ciononostante, fa notare Turpin, "all'inizio del 1996 avevamo sei treni alla settimana, mentre ora ne abbiamo undici". La maggior parte del traffico trasportato dalla UNILOG consiste più di contenitori ISO che di swapbodies.

Parlando della vitalità del servizio della UNILOG, Turpin ha sottolineato come sia Muizen che Duisburg siano entrambi divenuti importanti nodi ed offrano numerose connessioni ferroviarie. Egli inoltre afferma: "Poiché operiamo su brevi tratte, sulle quali posiamo disporre di un elevato grado di controllo, e non consentiamo ai nostri camion di uscire dai circuiti che percorrono, siamo stati in grado di mostrare un elevato grado di affidabilità, il che incoraggia gli spedizionieri a movimentare il proprio traffico tramite noi".

Julia Clarke, direttore della britannica RFG (Rail Freight Group), che agisce quale "cane da guardia" del settore ferroviario del Regno Unito ed è supportata dalle compagnie ferroviarie e dalle imprese utenti delle ferrovie britanniche, in relazione alle tre principali questioni inerenti ai servizi intermodali attraverso il Tunnel della Manica, svolge le seguenti considerazioni:

  • Affidabilità - L'affidabilità degli orari, asserisce la Clarke, è drammatica, in particolar modo per il traffico in ingresso nel Regno Unito ma anche per quello diretto all'esterno, ed insiste sul fatto che riuscire a conseguire tale affidabilità rappresenti una priorità.
  • Lamenta la Clarke: "Sono soggetti a scarsa affidabilità specialmente i treni che viaggiano in Francia ed in Italia. Spesso i convogli né partono né arrivano secondo gli orari previsti e ciò si deve alle prestazioni delle ferrovie ed agli scioperi in Francia". I treni-blocco ad orari fissi (in effetti, navette) in transito dal punto A al punto B e viceversa sono a detta della Clarke i più affidabili; ella commenta, peraltro, che presso il terminal intermodale di Willesden (Londra), ad esempio, molti convogli vengono suddivisi e questo comporta uno smistamento e - di conseguenza - un minore livello in ordine all'affidabilità dei tempi di viaggio.
  • La scarsa affidabilità, spiega la Clarke, si traduce in costi, dal momento che se un camion viene inviato a ritirare un contenitore o uno swapbody presso un terminal e l'unità arriva in ritardo, ciò comporta costi aggiuntivi (quali le ore in più da pagare all'autista) nonché ritardi inerenti al veicolo. "Inoltre, il mancato rispetto degli orari può finire per richiedere movimentazioni straordinarie presso i terminals e per provocare intasamenti, che vanno ad incrementare i costi operativi del terminal, i quali sono passibili di trasferimento a carico degli utenti finali, vale dire caricatori od importatori. Si tratta di costi diretti, ma bisogna considerare anche il fatto che quando i clienti sono insoddisfatti ciò può indurre una perdita di traffici, la quale di per se stessa è un costo, anche se occulto".
  • Prezzi - La Clarke sostiene che i prezzi attraverso il Tunnel della Manica per il trasporto intermodale non sono competitivi rispetto a quelli dell'autotrasporto, tanto è vero che afferma: "In effetti, al chilometro la tratta del Tunnel della Manica rappresenta la linea ferroviaria più cara d'Europa!". Ella rammenta che ciò risale al periodo antecedente l'apertura del Tunnel al trasporto intermodale, allorquando i prezzi unitari (relativi a swapbodies e containers) erano stati concordati tra la Eurotunnel, le ferrovie operanti via Tunnel ed i governi britannico e francese.
  • "Si tratta di una struttura tariffaria rigida" commenta la Clarke "che non tiene conto del fatto che, dal momento dell'apertura del Tunnel, la concorrenza inerente all'attraversamento della Manica da parte dei traghetti e degli autotrasportatori si è incrementata, dando quale risultato una serrata concorrenza tariffaria. I prezzi via Tunnel per il trasporto intermodale non riflettono questa situazione".
  • Sicurezza - Quest'ultima è notevolmente più onerosa di quella relativa al trasporto stradale, sottolinea la Clarke. Le diverse norme in ordine alle ispezioni ed alla sicurezza sono complesse e si stima che esse facciano aumentare il costo del trasporto di un contenitore o di uno swapbody sino ad una cifra di 30 sterline. Questo è un fattore di costo aggiuntivo che rende meno competitiva la direttrice intermodale attraverso il Tunnel della Manica.

Un'altra questione citata dalla Clarke è l'attuale tendenza da parte dei produttori ad affidare gli incarichi relativi alle proprie esigenze distributive in Europa ad appena uno, o forse due, operatori logistici o spedizionieri. E' possibile che il produttore, ovvero caricatore, non si curi delle tratte utilizzate. "Se l'operatore logistico o lo spedizioniere non è un utente assiduo del Tunnel, e peraltro è impegnato in un considerevole quantitativo di altre attività all'interno del continente europeo, è facile che quell'operatore preferisca istradare il proprio traffico britannico via traghetto ovvero mediante servizi di autotrasporto".

Il Tunnel della Manica non costituisce la sola tratta intermodale per il trasporto di containers e di swapbodies dal Regno Unito all'Europa continentale. La Bell Lines è crollata, ma un certo numero di operatori, come la Geest North Sea Line, da qualche anno effettua con successo servizi operativi. Tali servizi, in senso stretto, sono intermodali, dal momento che combinano attraversamenti marittimi a corto raggio con opzioni stradali, ferroviarie ed idroviarie sul Reno allo scopo di offrire servizi da punto a punto a spedizionieri e caricatori.

Inoltre la Freightliner, operatore fondamentalmente ferroviario meglio conosciuto per il trasporto di contenitori fra i porti del Regno Unito e l'hinterland delle Isole Britanniche e che nello scorso mese di ottobre ha lanciato un innovativo servizio di piggyback da Manchester a Tilbury nell'ambito di una catena dell'offerta senza soluzione di continuità, mediante l'utilizzazione di cisterne stradali costruite ad hoc, progettate ed adoperate dalla EXEL Logistics Tankfreight, ha dato inizio ad un servizio Regno Unito-Continente strutturato su una combinazione di partenze ferroviarie e di traghetti.

Il servizio, che viene effettuato congiuntamente alla CTL, alla Cobelfret Ferries di Anversa ed alla International Ferry Boats (che fa parte delle Ferrovie Nazionali Belghe), è stato "messo su" nei primi dieci mesi del 1998 ed "è stato inaugurato ufficialmente ad ottobre" come dichiara Bill Shiplee, direttore commerciale della Freightliner.

Le partenze ferroviarie avvengono ogni notte da Manchester e da Crewe, con collegamenti con altri importanti terminals ferroviari nel Regno Unito, alla volta di Purfleet, dove le unità di carico vengono trasferite sui traghetti ro-ro della Cobelfret, le cui partenze avvengono con frequenza di sei al giorno. Nelle prime fasi delle operazioni veniva trasportato per lo più traffico di rinfuse, ma ultimamente vi è stato un notevole incremento delle movimentazioni di beni di consumo e di altre derrate rappresentate da carichi secchi, trasportati in swapbodies e contenitori. I carri impiegati dalla Freightliner e dalla CTL vengono utilizzati sulla tratta ferroviaria britannica. La CTL contribuisce solamente con carri di capacità swapbody.

Shiplee riferisce che una consegna in partenza dal nord o dal centro del Regno Unito alla sera, arriva a Zeebrugge il mattino seguente, "vale a dire altrettanto rapidamente delle altre modalità". Da Zeebrugge esistono connessioni stradali e ferroviarie alla volta di numerose destinazioni, specialmente in Germania, nel Belgio orientale e nei Paesi Bassi meridionali. "Peraltro" dichiara Shiplee "noi siamo veramente in grado di raggiungere qualsiasi destinazione nel continente europeo via Purfleet e Zeebrugge".

Spiega Shiplee: "Abbiamo dato inizio al servizio poiché ritenevamo che gli spedizionieri ed i caricatori desiderassero un'alternativa veloce ed efficiente al Tunnel della Manica e l'impressione che ne abbiamo tratto è stata che il servizio si sta dimostrando efficiente e popolare. La nostra intenzione è adesso quella di allargare la gamma delle destinazioni che serviamo nel continente europeo".

Dev'essere fonte di preoccupazioni il fatto che, dopo qualche anno di operazioni, i servizi intermodali attraverso il Tunnel della Manica - malgrado il notevole successo della tratta Regno Unito-Italia - ancora si attirino lamenti e critiche. Questioni quali l'inadeguato servizio ferroviario, la sicurezza e la struttura tariffaria rimangono fuori dal controllo di operatori che pure sono bene organizzati, quale la CTL, il che è frustrante per loro. E' probabile che si possa fare poco nei confronti dei prezzi bassi offerti dagli autotrasportatori e dagli operatori dei traghetti, ma l'esigenza di pressioni politiche sulle ferrovie affinché migliorino le proprie prestazioni è evidente di per se stessa.
(da: Containerisation International, dicembre 1998)

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- country
- geographical areas
Konecranes reports decline in quarterly financial performance as orders increase
Helsinki
The value of orders relating to port equipment grew by +17%
Fourteen regions are in favor and five are against the bill on port governance reform.
Rome
Rixi: Let's now continue the institutional process with the aim of achieving a balanced reform.
Kuehne+Nagel's net sales increased by 8% in the second quarter.
Schindellegi
Performance improved markedly in the air freight segment
Assagenti's management team has been renewed.
Genoa
The composition of the executive committee and the chairmen of the commissions
DP World signs preliminary agreement to build two terminals at Fujairah Port
Dubai
VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
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