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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 7-8/2000 - JULY/AUGUST 2000

Ports

I progressi del porto di Halifax

"Noi del porto di Halifax, alle linee di navigazione vendiamo una filosofia del tipo <il primo in cui entrare, l'ultimo da cui uscire>" spiega David Bellefontaine, presidente e primo dirigente dell'Autorità Portuale di Halifax. "Se un vettore marittimo salpa dal Mediterraneo o dal Sud-Est asiatico attraverso il canale di Suez, ad esempio, Halifax è il primo porto d'entrata della Costa Orientale del Nordamerica in termini di distanza. Le navi possono farvi ingresso a pieno carico" continua Bellefontaine.

Bellefontaine aggiunge che ai vettori marittimi vengono offerti altresì una profondità minima di pescaggio di 60 piedi, unitamente ad un accesso agevole per le navi ed a nessuna necessità di doversela vedere con maree o ghiaccio. "La localizzazione è davvero il nostro fattore-chiave. Le navi arrivano a Halifax e scaricano contenitori prima di continuare il viaggio lungo la costa orientale alla volta di New York, ad esempio; nel momento in cui la nave arriva là, il container scaricato a Halifax è già a Toronto, nell'Ontario".

Se si analizzano i risultati in termini di contenitori di Halifax (v. Tabella 1), appare chiaramente come la filosofia adottata dall'autorità portuale dia i suoi risultati. Nel 1999, Halifax ha movimentato complessivamente 462.766 TEU, con un incremento del 9% rispetto ai 425.435 TEU fatti registrare nel 1998. "Stiamo facendo molto bene in termini di risultati TEU" afferma Bellefontaine. "Nel 1999 abbiamo avuto un'annata record: il totale ha superato i nostri precedenti risultati migliori, quelli del 1989, che ovviamente avevano resistito per molti anni. E per il 2000 posso dire che, sino adesso, siamo già del 14% oltre i risultati del 1999".

TABELLA 1
CONFRONTO DEI RISULTATI IN TEU
TRA IL PORTO DI HALIFAX ED I SUOI PRINCIPALI CONCORRENTI
Porto1999 199819971996
Baltimora498.000486.999 476.012474.638
Halifax462.766425.435 459.176392.273
Montreal993.486932.701 870.368852.530
New York/New Jersey2.828.878 2.465.9932.456.886 2.269.145
Fonte: Porti e dati di Containerisation International Yearbook

Il citato presidente e primo dirigente è felice di ammettere che si tratta di cifre inerenti ad una "buona crescita". Pertanto, per farla semplice, com'è stata conseguita tale crescita? Bellefontaine ritiene che essa sia dovuta ad "una combinazione di nuovi servizi e di crescita organica".

In termini di nuovi servizi, nel 1999 la Coral Container Lines ha introdotto una nuova partenza quindicinale da Halifax per L'Avana, a Cuba, con un'ulteriore connessione che fa scalo in porti sparsi tra i Caraibi ed il Sudamerica. A gennaio di quest'anno, la MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company) ha iniziato un servizio settimanale che collega Halifax con il Regno Unito ed il Nord Europa.

In termini di crescita organica, Bellefontaine ha indicato la crescita del servizio "PAX" effettuato dai soci della Grand Alliance - Hapag-Lloyd, NYK Line, OOCL e P&O Nedlloyd - come un buon esempio di volumi in aumento. "La Hapag-Lloyd è stata il nostro miglior cliente nel 1999 in termini sia di tonnellaggio containerizzato che di volumi TEU" ha detto, ma senza fornire cifre concrete. Un portavoce della linea di navigazione si è dichiarato d'accordo e ha spiegato i vantaggi dello scalo a Halifax: "Certamente siamo uno dei principali utenti del porto. Noi ci serviamo di Halifax quale nostro ultimo scalo di carico, che ci aiuta ad assicurare tempi di viaggio molto rapidi alla volta dell'Europa. E' un porto molto competitivo anche in termini di costi".

Un altro utente che da molto tempo fa scalo a Halifax, la Zim Israel Navigation Co, spiega perché essa attracca al porto sin dal 1972: "Ci serviamo di Halifax come porta d'accesso primaria al Canada dal Mediterraneo e viceversa. Inoltre facciamo scalo qui per accedere al Mid-West statunitense".

Olav Rakkenes, presidente e primo dirigente della ACL (Atlantic Container Line), movimentatrice settimanale di traffico containerizzato e ro-ro nel volubile mercato del Nord Atlantico, esprime il suo punto di vista. "La ACL fa scalo a Halifax sin dal primo giorno. E' un buon porto per noi al fine di servire i nostri mercati, in particolar modo il Canada. Halifax si adatta bene alle operazioni della ACL: ci serviamo di questo scalo come primo porto in entrata ed ultimo porto in uscita. Ci piace, inoltre, la stabilità che offre, particolarmente sul fronte delle questioni sindacali" ha dichiarato. Dal momento che l'ultima problematica di natura sindacale a Halifax risale al 1976, i commenti di Rakkenes sono più che giustificati.

Tuttavia, è chiaro che Halifax, come la maggior parte dei porti, si trova a dover affrontare una dura concorrenza. Bellefontaine fornisce maggiori delucidazioni al riguardo: "La nostra concorrenza è rappresentata da New York, Montreal ed i porti sulla Costa Occidentale degli U.S.A. Fondamentalmente, peraltro, devo guardarmi da due tipi di concorrenza. Una è la concorrenza in ordine alle navi; l'altra è la concorrenza relativa ai carichi". Poi spiega il fondamento logico che sta alla base del suo pensiero: "Dato che le navi diventano sempre più grandi, la nostra concorrenza non sarà rappresentata da Montreal quanto alle dimensioni delle navi, ma lo sarà dalla costa giù fino agli Stati Uniti, in primo luogo da New York/New Jersey e sotto qualche aspetto forse da Baltimora. Inoltre, ci dobbiamo guardare dai concorrenti statunitensi della Costa Occidentale per quanto attiene alle attività con l'Asia, poiché i porti situati su quella costa sono in grado di raccordare i carichi con qualsiasi luogo del Nordamerica, proprio come noi. In relazione ai carichi, tuttavia, Montreal rappresenta sì un concorrente, specialmente in ordine ai traffici con l'Europa. Le navi più piccole che fanno scalo a Montreal fanno concorrenza a quelle più grandi che vengono a Halifax, poiché gli stessi carichi devono essere inoltrati all'interno via ferrovia".

Courtnay Allan, direttore traffici transatlantici della OOCL, apporta un'opinione diversa alla questione della concorrenza. "Halifax è un punto di fermata ovvio ai fini del servizio, sulla rotta della Costa Orientale U.S.A., ma è anche un punto di riferimento per i vettori che vogliono fare ingresso nel mercato canadese senza dover dedicare una serie distinta di navi a risalire il fiume sino a Montreal" afferma.

Tenendo conto di questi commenti e tenendo presente che Halifax è situata a diverse centinaia di miglia da tutte le principali città, come ad esempio Montreal, allora bisogna rilevare che le connessioni ferroviarie con l'interno sono importanti, per quanto i costi rappresentino ancora, chiaramente, la problematica principale. Parlando alla 17a Esposizione Intermodale Internazionale di Atlanta nello scorso mese di aprile, Bellefontaine ha ulteriormente spiegato: "Dato che l'autotrasporto rappresenta meno del 20% della nostra attività, la percentuale dei costi ferroviari costituisce una parte significativa della spesa complessiva della movimentazione di un contenitore via Halifax. Ed i costi chiaramente stanno diventando sempre più importanti per le linee di navigazione - specialmente riguardo al contenimento dei costi stessi - sebbene il servizio ferroviario resti l'elemento essenziale".

Tuttavia, il suddetto presidente e primo dirigente è consapevole del fatto che, secondo alcuni, il principale svantaggio di Halifax sia costituito dalla sua distanza dai mercati dell'hinterland. "I nostri concorrenti non hanno torto quando sottolineano ciò. I nostri mercati interni sono abbastanza distanti rispetto a quelli dei nostri concorrenti della Costa Orientale U.S.A., ma noi facciamo affidamento su una ferrovia dai costi razionali, la CN (Canadian National Railway)" afferma.

La Zim è d'accordo con Bellefontaine. "Il trasporto terrestre è una questione importante. Noi abbiamo relazioni da lungo tempo con la CN, che assicura un servizio efficiente e competitivo. Naturalmente, i costi del trasporto terrestre e delle movimentazioni terminalistiche dovrebbero essere senz'altro concorrenziali nel confronto faccia a faccia con Montreal, dato il tempo di navigazione extra richiesto in quest'ultimo caso" conferma un dirigente.

Bellefontaine ritiene che la CN abbia aiutato Halifax ad assicurare l'accesso a zone quali il Mid-West statunitense. "La distanza può essere un problema, ma gran parte del lato negativo della questione recentemente è stato superato dalle iniziative della CN" spiega; prosegue Bellefontaine: "Il futuro di Halifax dipende principalmente da una ferrovia che continui a crescere ed a fare sempre meglio ciò che fa".

Alla luce di quanto premesso, Bellefontaine si sente di supportare le recenti iniziative della CN. "La fusione CN-Central Illinois ci ha aiutato: ci ha dato un maggior raggio d'azione, giù fino a St.Louis nel Missouri ed a New Orleans in Louisiana. Perciò, ogniqualvolta la CN dovesse procedere ad acquisizioni facendo diventare più ampia la propria portata, noi ne trarremmo vantaggio".

Quanto alla proposta di fusione della CN con la BNSF (Burlington Northern Santa Fe), egli ha aggiunto che ovviamente Halifax ha supportato i piani della CN, sebbene poi non si sia sorpreso di assistere alla decurtazione dell'accordo proposto. "La localizzazione di Halifax quale porto di primo ingresso e di ultima uscita sta a significare che ha senz'altro senso supportare gli obiettivi della CN. Non sono stato sorpreso dal fatto che la scelta della CN fosse indirizzata sulla BNSF, ma allo stesso modo non sono stato nemmeno sorpreso dalla decisione dello STB (Consiglio statunitense dei Trasporti di Superficie) di non consentire la fusione" sostiene Bellefontaine. Quanto al futuro della proposta in questione, egli spera che essa possa col tempo conseguire le necessarie approvazioni, anche se non è del tutto convinto che ce la farà. "Forse la CN/BNSF è stata penalizzata dagli avvenimenti del passato. Lo STB adesso sta molto attento quando deve valutare le questioni inerenti alle fusioni" ha spiegato.

Un altro argomento che ha svolto un ruolo notevole nella storia recente di Halifax è la Legge Marittima canadese. Come è avvenuto per altri porti canadesi, la legge ha modificato lo stato giuridico di Halifax, dandogli maggiore autonomia e maggiore flessibilità commerciale. Afferma Bellefontaine: "La nuova normativa marittima canadese fondamentalmente ha significato per noi la cessazione di qualsiasi finanziamento da parte del governo federale. Ora, noi dobbiamo agire per lo più come fa il settore privato. Prendendo ad esempio le infrastrutture terminalistiche, una volta recuperati i costi inerenti ai beni patrimoniali credo che ci rivolgeremo a noleggi a breve termine".

Per il futuro, Bellefontaine è ottimista. "Le prospettive per Halifax sono buone. Ho buone impressioni al riguardo. Il profondo pescaggio delle nostre acque e le buone possibilità d'accesso e le altre caratteristiche che sono state ampiamente pubblicizzate stanno cominciando a dare qualche frutto. Penso che ci stiamo avviando a diventare vincenti nei prossimi 10 anni" ha concluso.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2000)


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The Port of Rijeka expects to close 2026 with a record container traffic of 800,000 TEUs.
River
With the new terminal on the island of Krk, traffic could rise to 1.7 million TEUs
Offshore wind energy funding: Pichetto reassures Taranto, but Taranto demands certainty.
Taranto
The 2026 funding for the Apulian port drops to €13.9 million. Gugliotti hopes for a formal confirmation of the remaining resources in 2027.
Port reform: The majority pushes ahead with Porti d'Italia SpA
Rome
The Chamber's Transport Committee rejects the opposition's suppressive amendments.
Gela's Porto Rifugio has received a favorable opinion for dredging the port's waters.
Palermo
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
UNIPORT's public meeting will be held in Rome on October 6th.
Rome
Debate on port reform and other relevant aspects of the sector
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Greenbrier Europe to produce NIK transshipment system for TX Logistik
Troisdorf/Berlin
Allows rapid loading of non-craneable semi-trailers onto trains
Maersk opens its own logistics center in the heart of Germany
Herleshausen
Located in Herleshausen, it has a surface area of 71,800 square meters
South Korea's HJ Shipbuilding & Construction Co. wins orders for four new 10,100 TEU containerships
Busan
The contract has a total value of approximately 500 million dollars.
Democratic Party: The government's port reform paves the way for privatization of Italian ports.
Rome
Ghio and Misiani: it also takes resources and skills away from the territories
Port self-production: The Council of State denies the segmentability of the authorization pursuant to Article 16, paragraph 3.
Rome
Cartour's "partial" authorization in the port of Salerno has been suspended.
Port of Miami closes fiscal 2026 with record cruise traffic
Miami
The threshold of ten million passengers has been exceeded, compared to 8.56 million in the previous financial year.
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new pure car and truck carrier Grande Egitto.
Naples
Its load capacity reaches 9,800 ceu
Port reform will be discussed in Genoa on October 2nd.
Genoa
Workshop organized by the AdSP and the Altero Matteoli association
Fratelli Cosulich strengthens its logistics network with the opening of Express Global Dubai
Dubai
Teresa Cosulich will be responsible for the new logistics office.
"A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 9th
Lugano
Ninth edition of the International Forum on Transport and Infrastructure
New attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet caused minor injuries to two crew members
Brullo Group orders three 40,800-ton deadweight oil/chemical tanker vessels
Rome
Order to the Chinese shipyard Anhui Shipyard
A new megayacht production, maintenance, and storage hub opens in Trieste.
Trieste
Trieste Shipyards was founded by Seadock (Samer group) and Yachting Expertise and is owned by Friulia
Confitarma applauds the government's initiative to protect Italian ships in the Red Sea.
Rome
Zanetti: Maritime security is, in effect, a component of national economic security
Unions approve the platform for the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
Filt, Fit and Uilt, is structured around three central elements such as salary, protection, participation and thirteen concrete requests
FHP Intermodal is increasing the frequency of its freight rail service between Fiorenzuola and Incoronata/Bari.
Milan
It goes up to five days a week
This year over 2,000 large yachts operated along the Italian coasts
Rome
Plus 10% for owned boats and a substantially stable trend for chartered ones
The event "Cyber-resilience in the maritime sector: defense, regulations, and European cooperation" will be held in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
It is organized by Var Group and Confitarma
Smeup, with the acquisition of HTG, expands its portfolio in the logistics and transport sector
Erbusco
The Turin-based company specializes in the development of proprietary software
Saudi Arabian ports: Liquid bulk throughput to decline sharply in 2025
Riyadh
Total traffic fell to 298.3 million tonnes (-10.9%)
A delegation from the Lithuanian port of Klaipeda visited the port of Livorno
Livorno
In-depth comparison of their respective infrastructure development plans
New OOCL service between the Western Mediterranean and Canada
Hong Kong
Collaboration with Ocean Alliance companies and other carriers
The port's future is at the center of the event celebrating the 80th anniversary of Assosped Venezia and Asamar Veneto.
Venice
A conference on Friday will be the highlight of the festival
Increase in port workers at the ports of Monfalcone and Milazzo
Rome
Green light from the General Directorate for Ports, Logistics and Intermodality of the Ministry of the Interior.
Cargo traffic in Greek ports is sharply declining
Piraeus
Stagnation in passenger numbers
Mercitalia Shunting & Terminal has purchased eight Eurolight Dual bimodal locomotives
Rome
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 22.1% last month.
Hong Kong
Total for the first eight months of 2026 unchanged
AGV Expo, a new European trade fair dedicated to self-guided vehicles, will be held in Piacenza next month.
Genoa
The event will also host a rich program of conferences
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