testata inforMARE
Cerca
18 January 2026 - Year XXX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
15:24 GMT+1
LinnkedInTwitterFacebook


CENTRO INTERNAZIONALE STUDI CONTAINERSANNO XXXVIII - Numero 31 GENNAIO 2020

TRASPORTO FERROVIARIO

'L'EQUILIBRIO SULLA NUOVA VIA DELLA SETA NON POTRÀ MAI ESSERE RAGGIUNTO'

La IEC ha condotto uno studio in cui è stato misurato l'impatto dei fattori macroeconomici sulla crescita del trasporto merci ferroviario eurasiatico.

Anziché analizzare il solo mercato del trasporto merci ferroviario, si è guardato a come l'economia si muoverà da qui al 2030.

Una delle conclusioni che sono state tratte è che l'equilibrio fra est ed ovest non sarà mai paritario come piacerebbe al settore del trasporto merci ferroviario.

Mai 50:50

Nell'anno 2018 la ripartizione dei flussi di transito eurasiatico in direzione ovest ha rappresentato il 56,6% dei traffici complessivi (per contenitori carichi) mentre il traffico in direzione est ha rappresentato il 43,4%.

Si tratta di un dato impressionante.

Anche se gli operatori considerano il traffico in direzione est una seria problematica, al giorno d'oggi riempiono la maggior parte dei propri treni che si dirigono verso est.

Tuttavia, se si guarda all'equilibrio previsto nel 2030, i numeri non cambiano granché.

Piuttosto, essi mostrano un divario ancora maggiore.

Secondo il documento della IEC, il rapporto a 10 anni da ora sarà del 57,9% (in direzione ovest) e del 42,1% (in direzione est).

"Ciò potrebbe risultare ancora più squilibrato a causa dei mercati in crescita del Giappone e della Corea del Sud, anche i quali hanno tipici mercati di esportazione" afferma Ekaterina Kozyreva, direttrice dei progetti internazionali alla IEC.

Lo squilibrio è causato da una diversa struttura delle derrate scambiate.

Entro il 2030 ci si aspetta che la quota delle merci ad alto valore aggiunto nelle esportazioni cinesi continui a crescere quanto ai volumi, per quanto meno rapidamente che in passato, mentre i paesi europei incrementeranno i volumi delle merci non containerizzate scambiate con la Cina, spiega la Kozyreva.

Altri fattori

Queste previsioni si basano sui meccanismi di mercato dei traffici, i cosiddetti fattori macroeconomici.

Ci sono naturalmente molti altri fattori che potrebbero influenzare i volumi di trasporto merci eurasiatici, afferma la Kozyreva.

Tali fattori sono stati evidenziati nello studio della IEC.

La riduzione delle sovvenzioni cinesi è un fattore importante.

Ma anche gli sviluppi infrastrutturali svolgono un ruolo.

La IEC ha condotto un'indagine fra i soggetti attivi nel mercato al fine di valutare questi fattori nel periodo a medio termine e complessivamente 16 di loro hanno risposto in rappresentanza di importanti soggetti ferroviari sia in Europa che in Asia.

Il fattore macroeconomico ha preso 8 voti, tanto quanto la cancellazione del supporto governativo in certi paesi, mentre le limitazioni di capacità delle infrastrutture ne ha presi meno: 6 voti.

Sono stati evidenziati anche i rischi politici, ma svolgono solo un ruolo minore, secondo le risposte degli interpellati.

Tutte queste risposte sono state testate successivamente in un modello matematico in un software TMF® di proprietà della IEC.

Combinazione

"Ciò che è importante comprendere in base a tali risultati è che non si tratta solo di una questione economica o infrastrutturale.

È la combinazione di questi fattori e, soprattutto, quale viene per primo.

Se al momento giusto venissero adottati certi provvedimenti, se ne potrebbe trarre il massimo vantaggio, mentre potrebbe essere diverso se ciò venisse fatto prima" afferma la Kozyreva.

Al fine di spiegare che cosa intende, porta ad esempio i prossimi mercati del Giappone e della Corea del Sud.

Laddove i traffici ora avvengono principalmente con la Cina, il corridoio si sta attrezzando per trasportare molto di più alla volta di, ed in gran parte da, questi paesi asiatici.

Le direttrici saranno attraverso la Russia fino al porto di Vladivostok, dove le navi si collegano con il Giappone o la Corea del Sud.

L'infrastruttura portuale di Vladivostok dev'essere migliorata se vuole movimentare i volumi in crescita.

Tempismo perfetto

"Se ci fossero navi più regolari da e per il porto di Vladivostok senza o prima dell'accelerazione della ferrovia Transiberiana a 7 giorni da Vladivostok a Krasnoe, i volumi potrebbero incrementarsi di 36.000 TEU carichi nel 2030.

Tuttavia, se le medesime linee di raccordo venissero organizzate dopo l'accelerazione, i volumi indotti ammonterebbero ad oltre 50.000 TEU nel solo percorso Asia-Europa-Asia (i volumi Asia-Asia qui non vengono calcolati).

Lo stesso vale per i tempi di consegna del viaggio attraverso la Russia, che potrebbero essere notevolmente migliorati con l'aumento della velocità dei treni lungo il corridoio transiberiano.

Se ciò venisse fatto prima del decremento delle sovvenzioni cinesi a livello del 20%, i volumi indotti potrebbero raggiungere 246.000 TEU carichi.

Tuttavia, se le stesse misure venissero adottate dopo il decremento delle sovvenzioni, i volumi indotti non raggiungerebbero nemmeno 107.000 TEU carichi, anche se il traffico correlato alla parte settentrionale della tratta transiberiana non dipende così tanto dalle sovvenzioni in Cina come le direttrici via Kazakhistan.

Tuttavia, sarà già troppo tardi ed i traffici torneranno sul mare.

"L'ambizione è quella di raggiungere un milione di TEU sulla Nuova Via della Seta.

Nel 2018 abbiamo movimentato 345.000 TEU carichi.

L'obiettivo milionario potrebbe essere raggiunto, ma questo dipende moltissimo dalla tempistica e, più precisamente, dall'ordine delle misure adottate.

Se le condizioni sono favorevoli, ma le soluzioni sono intempestive o mal combinate, l'impatto non sarà quello desiderato.

Ci si dovrebbe anche chiedere: miglioriamo i tempi di consegna o le infrastrutture portuali?

Stabilire questa priorità è molto importante per la crescita sulla Nuova Via della Seta".

Bilanciare le soluzioni

Questo significa che, malgrado le generalmente favorevoli condizioni macroeconomiche da qui al 2030 per la crescita dei transiti, le ferrovie perderanno comunque questa battaglia per il raggiungimento dell'equilibrio?

No di certo, dichiara la Kozyreva.

"Non c'è un equilibrio raggiungibile per i traffici Cina-Europa-Cina, ma la struttura dei traffici Europa-Russia od Europa-Kazakhistan è molto più simile a quella del caso Cina-Europa.

Ciò significa che i treni in transito integrati da merci in esportazione con fermate temporanee presso predefiniti maggiori hub logistici sul loro percorso in direzione est potrebbero essere una soluzione per equilibrare la situazione ed assicurare una migliore logistica interni per i soggetti del mercato.

La questione è stata discussa nell'ambito di alcuni paesi di transito, ma molte limitazioni ancora ne bloccano la realizzazione: la mancanza di un quadro normativo per la combinazione di treni in transito ed in esportazione in Russia e Kazakhistan, la carenza di prodotti correlati al mercato per i clienti (l'attuale idea di pagare per la velocità potrebbe essere deviata verso due prodotti: pagare di più per la velocità e pagare di meno per lasciarci equilibrare i flussi), la carenza di una rete bilanciata di hub in diversi paesi che consentirebbe una migliore combinazione di flussi in transito ed in esportazione ed una carenza della messa in atto di soluzioni digitali per assicurare una combinazione senza problemi.

Tutti questi aspetti devono essere presi in considerazione congiuntamente dai soggetti del mercato e dalle autorità.

Assieme al corretto ordine ed alla giusta tempistica delle azioni questo assicura l'equilibrio lungo la Nuova Via della Seta ed i vantaggi per tutte le parti".
(da: railfreight.com, 7 gennaio 2020)



MSC and Qatari company Maha to develop and manage the Libyan port of Misurata
Paris/Misurata
An investment of 1.5 billion dollars is expected
F2i has been awarded the concession for the Lavagna tourist port
Milan
The concession contract will have a duration of 50 years
Eni launches the hull of the Coral North FLNG
Geoje/San Donato Milanese
It will be used offshore Cabo Delgado, north of Mozambique.
Laghezza has acquired a logistics warehouse in Sarzana
La Spezia
The aim is to establish a local hub for local production activities.
The Red Sea Container Terminal at the Egyptian port of Sokhna has been inaugurated.
Sokhna
It is operated by a joint venture of Hutchison Ports, COSCO and CMA Terminals
The GNV Altair ferry has joined the GNV fleet
Genoa
It has a capacity of 2,700 passengers and 915 linear metres of rolling stock.
Ignazio Messina & C. has acquired full control of Thermocar
Genoa
The Genoese company operates in the temperature-controlled refrigerated container logistics sector.
Maersk confirms resumption of MECL transits through the Suez Canal
Copenhagen
The line connects India and the Middle East with the US East Coast
Genco's board of directors rejected Diana Shipping's acquisition proposal.
New York/Athens
The American company, however, leaves a glimmer of hope by admitting the validity of the merger
MSC will include the port of Trieste in the Dragon Italy-USA service
Geneva
The Julian port will be reached starting from the second half of February
De Wave Group has acquired French company DL Services.
Genoa
The company specializes in the design of industrial kitchens and the supply of technical components and spare parts on board
CMA CGM's TUX transatlantic service will call at the port of Salerno
Marseille
The line connects Turkey with the East Coast of the USA
New intermodal connections between Northern Italy and Belgium by GTS Rail and CargoBeamer
Bari/Leipzig
Activated on the Padua-Zeebrugge and Liège-Domodossola lines
Cruise traffic in the port of Piraeus increased by +9% last year
Piraeus
Approximately 1.85 million passengers moved
In 2025, cruise traffic in the port of Genoa grew by +6.5%
Genoa
Ferry passengers down 3.6%
Grimaldi took delivery of the PCTC Grande Manila
Naples
The vessel has a total capacity of 9,241 CEUs.
Expedition cruise ship Exploris One to be auctioned off
Nantes
It has a capacity of 144 passengers and 102 crew members.
SeaCube Container Leasing has acquired Martin Container.
Montvale
The company specializes in the refrigerated container segment
Pisano: The Simplified Logistics Zone has great strategic importance for the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
RINA and HPC launch project to promote green ports in the Caspian region
Genoa
Five-year contract with the OSCE
Vard to build four Multi-Purpose Robotic Vessels for Ocean Infinity
Trieste
The contract has a total value of over 200 million euros
Hanseatic Global Terminals will become sole owner of Florida International Terminal
Rotterdam
The transportation sector enters a turning point with the adoption of artificial intelligence
Ulm
However, most companies are still in the early stages of this process.
A conference on congestion in the North West logistics system will be held in Genoa on January 19th.
Genoa
It will be held at the Transparency Hall of the Liguria Region
Work completed to widen the access channel to the port of Livorno.
Livorno
The width between the two banks will be increased from 70 to 120 meters
Nexans sets a record for the depth of laying a high-voltage submarine cable on the Tyrrhenian Link
Paris
Installation at -2,150 meters
Funds for Spanish ports to adapt to the use of wind energy and other marine renewable energy sources
Madrid
Program with a total value of 212 million euros
CMD - Costruzioni Motori Diesel returns to wholly Italian ownership
Atella
Giorgio and Mariano Negri have acquired 67% of the capital held by the Chinese Loncin Motor Co.
Intesa Sanpaolo is financing the construction of three PCTCs for Grimaldi Euromed.
Milan
The new ships will be delivered later this year
Medlog acquires Australian intermodal operations of Seaway
Fremantle
The transaction will be completed within the first quarter of this year.
MIT has updated cybersecurity measures for national ships, ports and port facilities
Rome
A circular has been published which, among other things, introduces staff training
V.Group has bought the Danish company Njord
London
The company offers the shipping industry solutions for energy efficiency and decarbonisation
Fire aboard the Majestic ferry in the Port of Genoa
Genoa
The flames were extinguished by the intervention of the on-board fire brigade and did not cause any injuries.
COSCO to acquire control of German logistics company Zippel
Hamburg
Agreement to acquire 80% of its capital
Colombo Port Sets New Annual Container Traffic Record
Columbus
Sri Lanka Ports Authority signs agreement with French shipping group CMA CGM
Viasat to exit British company Navarino's capital
London
ICG to support the Tsikopoulos brothers in reinvesting in the company
The Palau government ensures the full operation of the Naval Registry
Koror
Moses (BMT): Services continue to be provided in accordance with international procedures and standards
In the first nine months of 2025, freight transported on the Austrian rail network increased by +1.4%
Vienna
Growth of +4.9% was recorded in the third quarter alone
Saipem wins $425 million offshore contract to develop the Sakarya gas field.
The decree for the distribution of PNRR resources to interports has been signed.
Rome
The disbursement of 1.9 million euros is expected
Messina, a Genoese company, launches a new service to Algeria.
Genoa
The rotation touches the ports of Fos, Genoa, Barcelona, Algiers, Fos
FS Logistix is the first company in Europe to certify its carbon footprint for freight transport.
Rome
The FS group company has obtained ISO 14067 certification
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
WASS (Fincantieri Group) wins torpedo supply contract for Indian Navy
Trieste
Contract with a total value of over 200 million euros
FHP Intermodal will become operational on January 1st
Milan
FHP Group completes the integration process between its subsidiaries CFI Intermodal and Lotras
The Coral Adventurer cruise ship ran aground in Papua New Guinea.
Port Moresby
No harm to people on board
d'Amico International Shipping orders two new MR1 product tankers from Guangzhou Shipyard International.
Port of Gioia Tauro: Anchorage fee reduction approved again
Gioia Tauro
A total sum of 1.5 million euros has been allocated
The Council of State has confirmed the legitimacy of the tender for the new Ravano Pier in La Spezia.
Rome/La Spezia
The TAR ruling for Liguria has been confirmed.
Hupac will launch a new shuttle train service between Duisburg and Novara.
Noise
Schedule six rotations per week
Ferry docking slots for Piombino and Elba Island in 2026 have been assigned.
Livorno
Project financing process for the first hydrogen production plant in the port of La Spezia
La Spezia
Project to provide "mobile" supplies to vehicles such as locomotives and boats
The new hydrofoil terminal at the port of Messina will be named after a victim of femicide.
Messina
The initiative to remember Omayma Benghaloum
Three new e-RTG yard cranes have arrived at the PSA Venice-Vecon terminal
Venice
Investment of 8.5 million euros
Fincantieri delivers second multipurpose combat ship to the Indonesian Navy
Trieste
Ceremony at the Muggiano shipyard
In June the Grendi group will equip itself with a fifth ro-ro vessel
Genoa
It will have a load capacity of 3,000 linear meters
The employment contract renewal for transport and logistics company managers has been signed.
Rome
Signed today by Manageritalia and Confetra
Brussels has approved the loan to rescue the rail freight company Lineas.
Brussels
Sixty-one million euros granted by the Belgian government
Green Mobility Partners and KKR Partner to Create European Rail Leasing Platform
Frankfurt
American company invests in GMP
Saipem wins offshore EPCI contract in Qatar
Milan
The contract is worth approximately $3.1 billion.
Wärtsilä sells its Gas Solutions division to German private equity firm Mutares.
Helsinki/Munich
Bank of China finances purchase of Grimaldi Euromed's Grande Melbourne
Amount of 57 million euros
GeneSYS Informatica (Fratelli Cosulich) has acquired 51% of the capital of Navimeteo
KSOE wins $466 million order for four container ships
Lysaker/Seongnam
NYK and Ocean Yield Award Order for Four New LNG Carriers
ONE's Adriatic Service 1 will also make stops at the port of Ancona
Singapore
The line to Damietta has a weekly frequency
Consolidation work on the Riva quay at the port of Ortona has been completed.
Ancona
Thirteen million is the cost for the adaptation of the infrastructure
Vard has signed a cooperation agreement with the Norwegian research institute Norce
Ålesund
It concerns all fields of research and innovation in the naval sector
Energy transition, regulatory simplification, competitiveness of the maritime industry, and port governance are Confitarma's priorities.
Rome
Federlogistica reports the project cargo's inability to travel on Northwest highways.
Genoa
Falteri: We are facing a real systemic crisis.
ZIM shareholders reach agreement again
Haifa
Agreement reached on candidates for the renewal of the board of directors
Merger by incorporation of Degrosolutions into CLS
Milan
Castelli: We aim to strengthen our growth path in the Italian forklift market.
Approval has been given to measures to support the re-employment of workers at the Pippo Rebagliati Company in Savona-Vado.
Genoa
Administrative proceedings for cold ironing at the cruise terminal in the port of Savona have begun.
Assiterminal reports an assault on a worker at the Vado Gateway terminal.
Genoa
It is not tolerable - the association highlighted - that similar episodes occur
The Management Committee of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea Port Authority has been established.
Ravenna
It is composed of Francesco Benevolo, Luca Coffari, Tomaso Triossi and Maurizio Tattoli
Stonepeak (Textainer) Completes Acquisition of Seaco
Hamilton
It was sold by China's Bohai Leasing Co.
In the second quarter of 2025, cargo traffic in Greek ports decreased by -3.9%.
Piraeus
Passengers increased by +0.9%
AD Ports involved in container traffic development at Shuaiba Port
Abu Dhabi
Agreement with the Kuwait Ports Authority
EU expands fight against Russian shadow fleet to include operators facilitating its deployment
Brussels
Five more people and four companies fined
In November, the port of Barcelona handled 296,000 containers (+1.0%)
Barcelona
Import and export containers are increasing; transit containers are decreasing.
Paolo Spada, vice president of Federagenti, has passed away.
Rome
Pessina: He leaves an unfillable void in the entire Italian maritime community.
Container traffic at the port of Hong Kong decreased by -12.0% in November
Hong Kong
In the first 11 months of 2025 the decline was -5.7%
Rebranding for the Messina Group's activities
Genoa
Common graphic and lexical choice for all business areas
Emanuele Grimaldi has been appointed an honorary member of the National Order of Merit of Malta.
Naples
He is among the founders of the Malta International Shipowners' Association, of which he holds the position of vice-president.
Six new 100% electric yard cranes have arrived at the PSA Genova Pra' terminal.
Genoa
Three more vehicles will be delivered to the PSA Venice-Vecon terminal at Christmas
ICTSI to upgrade the Rio Brasil Terminal container terminal at the Port of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Investment of approximately 175 million dollars
In the first 11 months of 2025, the Port of Singapore handled over 40.7 million containers (+8.5%)
Singapore
Overall freight traffic decreased by -1.1%
GTS increases the frequency of its intermodal connections between Bari and Verona and Piacenza and Nola.
Bari
The first will increase to six rotations; the second will become daily
The Partnership Body for the Sea Resources of the Eastern Ligurian Sea Port Authority has been established.
La Spezia
Appointment by decree of President Pisano
Agreement between the Port Authority and the Chamber of Commerce to facilitate the entry of an industrial partner into Genoa Airport.
Genoa
It will be signed soon
Paolo Guidi has been elected the new president of Assologistica.
Milan
The Vice Presidents are Sabrina De Filippis, Riccardo Fuochi, Agostino Gallozzi, Paolo Pandolfo, Umberto Ruggerone and Renzo Sartori.
138 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Civitavecchia.
Rome
Found inside an articulated lorry disembarked from a ship coming from Spain
The decree has been signed for the disposal of dredged sediment from the port of La Spezia at the new breakwater in Genoa.
La Spezia
The transfer of 282,000 cubic meters is planned
Greek CCEC has almost completed its exit from the containership segment
Athens
$814.3 million in proceeds from the sale of 14 full containers in 22 months
GNV Virgo was christened in the port of Palermo
Genoa
GNV's fleet renewal program includes the construction of eight ships
The Livorno Port Center celebrates a decade spent integrating the port and city reality
Livorno
Gariglio (AdSP): in recent years we have managed to create a community atmosphere
Members of the Management Committee of the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea Port Authority have been appointed.
Livorno
The nomination of the member expressed by the Tuscany Region has not yet been received
Fincantieri and WSense reach agreement on underwater monitoring and communication technologies for maritime infrastructure.
Trieste/Milan
Among the objectives, safety, predictability and control in port activities
The entry into force of the EU ETS for construction and road transport has been postponed to 2028.
Brussels/Rome
Confetra, the deferral allows for more rational planning of investments in fleet renewal
Costa Cruises is testing the use of electric trucks to supply ships in the ports of Genoa and Savona.
Genoa
Tests as part of the collaboration with LC3 Trasporti
Collaboration agreement between ALIS and ANITA to promote the development of road haulage and logistics
Rome
Agreement also extended to the field of industrial relations
The Regional Administrative Court for Lazio has accepted Grimaldi's request to suspend the sale of the five Moby ships.
Rome
Appeal aimed at "preventing the consolidation of an irreversible anti-competitive structure"
The launch of the ultra-luxury cruise ship Seven Seas Prestige was celebrated at the Marghera shipyard.
Trieste
It will be delivered next year to Regent Seven Seas Cruises
The last two journeys of the rolling highway on the railway line between Fribourg and Novara will be on Thursday.
Olten
RAlpin, in the company's nearly 25-year history, has transported over two million trucks by rail
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
A conference on congestion in the North West logistics system will be held in Genoa on January 19th.
Genoa
It will be held at the Transparency Hall of the Liguria Region
Spediporto's conference "Take opportunities navigating trade tensions" will be held in Genoa on December 1st and 2nd.
Genoa
It will be held at the Conference Hall of Banca Bper
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Bulgarian court rejects extradition of Russian owner of a ship linked to Beirut port blast
(ABCNEWS.com)
Three UAE Firms Eye Investment In Kenya's Port, Renewable Energy, And Shipping Projects
(Capital FM Kenya)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Edison signs a contract with Knutsen for the charter of a new LNG vessel
Milan
With a capacity of 174,000 cubic meters, it will be built by Hanwha Ocean
Unifeeder, P&O Ferrymasters and P&O Maritime Logistics will be brought together under the single DP World brand.
Dubai
Project to build a tourist center at the cruise terminal of the Mexican port of Ensenada
Miami/Cancun
Agreement between Carnival Corporation, ITM Group and Hutchison Ports
Lineas and FS Logistix have inaugurated the Modalink terminal joint venture.
Antwerp
Five weekly train rotations between Antwerp and Milan
Marcel Theis will be the new CEO of SBB Cargo International from January 1st.
Olten
He will take over from Sven Flore
In October, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +13.4%
Ravenna
A rise of +14.5% is expected in November
The conflict over the Genoa Municipality's additional tax on port boarding fees is escalating.
Genoa
Assarmatori, Assagenti, CLIA, Confindustria Genova and Confitarma will not participate in the technical meeting announced by the mayor.
Bulgaria, Greece, and Romania reach agreement on enhanced cooperation within the Black Sea-Aegean Corridor
Brussels
Acceleration of implementation of transport axis projects expected
The Port of Barcelona plans to halve its CO2 emissions by 2030
Barcelona
Private investments of 920 million euros and public investments of 780 million are expected.
Fincantieri reaches agreement with Bahraini ASRY to collaborate in the shipbuilding sector
Trieste
They will evaluate opportunities for the construction of naval vessels and offshore units
- Via Raffaele Paolucci 17r/19r - 16129 Genoa - ITALY
phone: +39.010.2462122, fax: +39.010.2516768, e-mail
VAT number: 03532950106
Press Reg.: nr 33/96 Genoa Court
Editor in chief: Bruno Bellio
No part may be reproduced without the express permission of the publisher
Search on inforMARE Presentation
Feed RSS Advertising spaces

inforMARE in Pdf
Mobile