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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 2/99 - FEBRUARY 1999

Ports

Un'indagine sui nodi portuali americani

Il divario tra i volumi di carico e la domanda di mercato nel Nordamerica e le infrastrutture portuali continua a crescere. Nel Canada, negli Stati Uniti e nei Caraibi, le autorità portuali e gli operatori terminalistici stanno attrezzandosi per rispondere a tali carenze. Ma si sta facendo abbastanza per far fronte alle esigenze della prossima generazione di portacontenitori super-post-panamax? La International Container Review ha indagato sulle attuali potenzialità dei porti di questa regione e ha tracciato un quadro degli sviluppi programmati.

Le linee di navigazione e le autorità governative hanno incrementato la pressione sui porti ed i terminals containerizzati. La Maersk Line ha introdotto in servizio la Regina Maersk in due tratte che servono i porti situati lungo entrambe le coste del Nordamerica. A settembre, poi, Rodney Slater, ministro dei trasporti statunitense, in occasione dell'inaugurazione del Global Gateway North Terminal della APL a Seattle, ha invocato nuove iniziative di sviluppo infrastrutturale in tutto il Paese.

Le navi da 6.000 TEU a pieno carico come la Regina Maersk richiedono almeno 50 piedi di pescaggio nel canale e presso il terminal al fine di poter navigare ed effettuare le operazioni di carico/scarico in sicurezza. Anche le baie naturali profonde come quelle di Halifax e del Porto Franco delle Bahamas, che offrono fino a 60 piedi di pescaggio, comportano esigenze precise in termini di attrezzature e di trasbordo per l'hinterland che complicano la situazione.

Dragaggio pazzo

Tutti i porti che hanno risposto all'indagine sono impegnati in progetti di dragaggio, nello sforzo di attirare le navi con un pescaggio maggiore.

Halifax, Long Beach, Seattle ed il Porto Franco hanno già dragato fino a 50 piedi e più, mentre il porto di New York & New Jersey viene subito a ruota con un pescaggio di 40 piedi. Sia il porto di New York & New Jersey che quello di Filadelfia porteranno il dragaggio fino a 45 piedi. Vancouver già accetta navi con pescaggio di 42 piedi e ha in corso un progetto di dragaggio ventennale. ll porto di Long Beach sta rendendo più profonda (69 piedi) l'entrata del canale principale in vista del 1999. Questi lavori potranno essere estesi sino ad ampliare la profondità del canale principale, che è già di 76 piedi, per l'inizio del 2000.

Altri porti presi in considerazione nell'indagine sono in grado di movimentare pescaggi che spaziano da 31 a 36 piedi. L'Autorità Portuale di Trinidad & Tobago ha in programma il dragaggio della Baia di Port of Spain fino a circa 40 piedi (12 metri), intensificando la concorrenza nei Caraibi. Sia Palm Beach che Montreal sono pronti a dragare i canali fluviali di altri 3 metri; Palm Beach, inoltre, si è premurata di ampliare il canale fluviale al fine di renderlo ancora più sicuro; tutto ciò dovrebbe essere portato a compimento il prossimo anno.

PortoVolumi 1997
(TEU)
Capacità massima
nave (TEU)
Pescaggio
massimo
(piedi)
Porto Franco BahamasCapacità fase I: 560.000
capacità fase II: 950.000
6000 +50
Port of Spain
(Trinidad & Tobago)
2086662.000 +32
Halifax4591766.000 +60
Montreal870368280036
Vancouver7241546.000 + (Deltaport)52
Baltimora4760005.500 (circa)42
Boston148073450045
Long Beach3504603550050
New York & New Jersey24568864.000 panamax40
Palm Beach183400100031
Filadelfia145211400035
Seattle1360308600050

Prendendo il pescaggio di 50 piedi quale punto di partenza, l'indagine dimostra come non vi siano allo stato programmi atti a far sì che aumenti il numero dei porti in grado di servire navi con questo pescaggio nei prossimi cinque anni.

Movimentare capacità

I volumi portuali inerenti al 1997 mostrano la crescente pressione sui movimentatori di carichi, che comporta un andirivieni di navi. Gli operatori terminalistici, se vorranno restare competitivi, dovranno adattare le proprie operazioni e far salire le tariffe; per non dire dell'esigenza di assicurare adeguate infrastrutture di magazzinaggio lungobanchina.

Undici dei 12 porti interpellati stanno effettuando investimenti in attrezzature, mediante la sostituzione di quelle esistenti ovvero l'ampliamento delle proprie dotazioni. L'articolo di maggior successo nelle liste della spesa è rappresentato dalle gru super-post-panamax, le quali consentono di far fronte alle necessità che le navi da 5.000 e più TEU comportano. Nella Grande Bahama, la Freeport Harbour Company ha in corso un notevole programma di acquisizioni. Entro il prossimo mese di ottobre la Compagnia sarà entrata in possesso di tre gru da banchina super-post-panamax e di 12 straddle carriers. Essa inoltre sta realizzando nuovi edifici operativi e laboratori in ambito portuale.

L'Autorità Portuale di Trinidad & Tobago ha in programma l'acquisto di due nuove gru RTG e quattro barre telescopiche, una gru a cavaliere bordo-costa e 12 nuovi trattori; anche tutte queste attrezzature dovrebbero essere disponibili entro la fine del 1999.

Il porto di Long Beach ha effettuato un'ordinazione relativa a tre gru a cavaliere bordo-costa che dovrebbero essere installate nei primi mesi di quest'anno; altre tre di loro sono già state consegnate, per un costo pari a 6,2 milioni di dollari USA ciascuna. Anche Seattle, che costituisce uno dei tre maggiori scali della costa occidentale unitamente a Long Beach ed a Vancouver, ha acquistato lo scorso anno tre gru super-post-panamax da 165 piedi. Infine, la Vancouver Port Corporation sta investendo in equipaggiamento nell'ambito del proprio Progetto Sviluppo Centerm, che prevede l'estensione delle rotaie delle gru all'Ormeggio 5 ed il miglioramento delle attuali rotaie presso gli Ormeggi 5 e 6; essa è altresì in procinto di ricevere in consegna quest'anno una nuova gru per contenitori.

Sulla costa atlantica, Halifax ha investito 6 milioni di dollari USA in gru post-Panamax, mentre altri 11 milioni di dollari sono stati destinati a vari progetti inerenti l'impiego di capitali. New York & New Jersey per quest'anno ha in corso ordinazioni non meglio identificate, mentre Palm Beach ha acquisito attrezzature per le movimentazioni intermodali e sta migliorando il proprio materiale relativo alle movimentazioni ferroviarie. Anche Baltimora ha in corso il miglioramento delle proprie gru nell'arco dei prossimi 12 mesi. Nel contempo, nel Canada orientale, la CP Ships ha aggiunto due nuove gru a cavaliere da banchina presso le proprie infrastrutture dei terminals Cast e Racine di Montreal.

Miglioramenti piuttosto che espansione

Gli investimenti sopra descritti mostrano una tendenza di fondo verso il miglioramento delle capacità delle infrastrutture esistenti ed una minore insistenza sulla costruzione di nuovi terminals. Tuttavia, la diffusione di nuovi progetti in tutta la regione comporterà un incremento generale del numero delle infrastrutture dedicate ai containers. Ad esempio, Baltimora sta migliorando i terminals con discreta continuità, investendo in infrastrutture strategiche. Il programma Centerm della Vancouver Port Corporation congiungerà il terminal al migliorato Molo Ballantyne, integrando i due terminals operati dalla Cosco in una sola grossa infrastruttura.

Ad Halifax, i terminals del Molo A Oceano sono stati risviluppati, assicurando un ulteriore ormeggio a lungo raggio ed un'area aperta alle rinfuse ed ai carichi containerizzati. Palm Beach spenderà 70 milioni di dollari USA nei prossimi 18 mesi in progetti tra cui: un nuovo piazzale per il deposito di contenitori; l'ampliamento della zona franca; il miglioramento dei magazzini centrali portuali; infine, l'aggiunta di altri 1.500 piedi di spazio destinato agli ormeggi.

A Seattle, la New World Alliance ha costruito un nuovo terminal presso il T-5, mentre il notevole ampliamento del T-18 dovrebbe essere portato a termine quest'anno. La costruzione di un nuovo terminal da 200 acri presso l'ex base navale di Long Beach inizierà questa primavera. Infine - ma non ultima - la Freeport Harbour Company sta costruendo un altro ormeggio da 1.200 piedi per il traffico containerizzato, il cui completamento dovrebbe essere ultimato nel prossimo mese di ottobre.

Treni per i mercati statunitensi del Midwest

Nei casi in cui i porti stanno migliorando la capacità di movimentazione delle infrastrutture esistenti, ovvero stanno ramificandosi mediante la realizzazione di nuovi terminals, tali programmi sono infruttuosi in assenza degli investimenti atti a far fronte alle connessioni richieste per l'hinterland. La tendenza in auge in America è quella dell'estrema attenzione alle connessioni ferroviarie da e per i porti.

In Canada, in particolare, la CN (Canadian National) e la CP (Canadian Pacific) stanno effettuando notevoli investimenti al fine di migliorare i collegamenti ferroviari nello sforzo di fronteggiare il trasbordo alla volta dei mercati del Midwest attraverso gli Stati Uniti. Il sessanta per cento del traffico containerizzato terrestre originato dal Porto di Montreal viene trasportato via rotaia dalla CN e dalla CP. Questa direttrice-chiave ha costituito il punto focale dell'investimento da 6 milioni di dollari USA in infrastrutture ferroviarie, in costruzione di nuovi binari e nella messa a nuovo delle connessioni esistenti. Il tunnel St.Clair della CN, a servizio di Halifax, ha consentito la realizzazione di un collegamento ferroviario con il Midwest statunitense, unitamente al nuovo terminal "porta d'accesso" della CN a Harvey, nell'Illinois.

Negli Stati Uniti, i porti sia orientali ed occidentali stanno migliorando le proprie connessioni ferroviarie. Il Porto di Palm Beach sta aggiungendo due miglia di binari in ambito portuale ed è intenzionato a costruire un corridoio multimodale strada/rotaia dedicato dalle banchine alla I-95. Nel contesto di un'iniziativa finalizzata al miglioramento degli accessi stradali, la SR-710 sarà rintracciata attraverso la vecchia autostrada che passa nel porto.

Presso il Porto di New York & New Jersey, la Express Rail sta ampliando le proprie tratte dirette ai mercati del Midwest. Il programma da 23 milioni di dollari USA dell'Autorità Portuale per lo scalo marittimo di Staten Island comprenderà la riattivazione della ferrovia di Staten Island. Anche sulla costa orientale, presso il porto di Filadelfia, la CSX e la NS stanno costruendo infrastrutture per il trasferimento intermodale. CSX e NS sono altresì impegnate in un programma di acquisizioni presso il Porto di Baltimora.

Nel contempo, a Seattle il terminal T-18 sta per essere sottoposto ad un notevole ampliamento, che includerà miglioramenti ferroviari e stradali. Il Porto di Long Beach partecipa al progetto da 2 miliardi di dollari finalizzato alla costruzione della tratta di 20 miglia sulla Direttrice di Alameda allo scopo di migliorare i collegamenti ferroviari tra i terminali marittimi e ed i piazzali ferroviari interni.

Porte d'accesso migliorate

I tempi previsti per il completamento di questi progetti spaziano dalla fine del 1998 al 2004. Di modo che, mentre le ordinazioni relative alle nuove attrezzature e gli impegni di spesa per i miglioramenti portuali ammontano a decine di miliardi di dollari, ci vorrà qualche tempo perché tali miglioramenti filtrino attraverso le linee di navigazione ed i loro clienti caricatori.

Si noti che alcuni dei principali porti containerizzati non sono presi in considerazione dall'indagine; quest'ultima, in effetti, potrebbe essere considerata una ricerca sulle linee di tendenza regionali, piuttosto che un censimento completo.

I porti stanno effettuando investimenti finalizzati a movimentare navi più grandi e, di conseguenza, acquistano attrezzature postpanamax e dragano i canali. Prevedendo un aumento dei volumi dei carichi, i porti e gli operatori di reti e servizi interni stanno investendo al fine di assicurare connessioni intermodali che possano far fronte a questa domanda ed alla concorrenza, allo scopo di servire nel miglior modo possibile i mercati del Midwest statunitense.
(da: International Container Review, autunno/inverno 1998)

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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
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Trieste
The delivery of the first unit is scheduled for 2029
A new tender has been published for railway shunting in the ports of Savona and Vado Ligure.
Genoa
The tender base amount is 14.8 million euros
China's LC Logistics orders two new 11,000-TEU containerships
Hong Kong
Order with a total value of 236 million dollars
Palumbo Superyachts to build new metal shipbuilding hub in Ortona
Ortona
Concession area in the Abruzzo port
Kuehne+Nagel acquires the road transport business of German firm Lohmöller
Schindellegi
In 2024 they had generated a turnover of approximately 23.5 million euros
Fincantieri delivered the ultra-luxury cruise yacht Four Seasons I in Ancona
Trieste
The Navis Sapiens program also debuts with the ship
Rolls-Royce posts record annual financial performance
London
Revenues increased by 12.2% last year
Nearly 12 million tonnes of CO2 avoided in 2025 for vessels coated with Jotun products
Muggia
Estimated fuel cost savings of approximately $2 billion
In 2025, intermodal traffic handled by Interporto Padova amounted to 381,031 TEUs (-7.5%)
Padua
Record production value recorded
In 2025, the Nola interport handled 2,000 trains
Nola
A 50% increase is expected in 2026
A Livorno port pilot loses his life in a collision
Livorno
The dynamics of the accident are still under investigation.
Study on alternative marine fuels as potential marine pollutants and the effectiveness of response measures
Lisbon
It was commissioned by the European Maritime Safety Agency
The first in-person meeting of the international working group "Cruises & Port Cities" will take place in Taranto.
Taranto/La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP Liguria Orientale): the relationship between the city and the port is strategic, particularly in relation to cruise traffic
G20 merchandise trade trend to fluctuate in the fourth quarter of 2025
Paris
Trade in services is growing
Extension of incentives for rail freight shunting in ports
Rome
Paper (Fermerci): the sector, however, continues to suffer as demonstrated by the overall data for 2025
Saipem has been awarded a further offshore contract in Saudi Arabia
Milan
Order worth approximately 500 million dollars
MPC Container Ships revenues decreased by -4.3% in 2025
Oslo
Net income was $236.4 million (-11.4%)
The new offices of the Eastern Sicily Port Authority have been inaugurated in the port of Pozzallo.
Pozzallo
Contract worth approximately 750 thousand euros
Finmar appointed agent in Italy for United Global Ro-Ro
Genoa
Two services scheduled with stops at the port of Genoa
Contract awarded for the expansion of the San Cataldo Pier in the port of Bari
Bari
They will be carried out by the Rti Fincantieri Infrastructure Opere Marittime, Boskalis Italia, Zeta and e-Marine
The digital registry of maritime workers and the digital navigation booklet are law
Genoa
Article 11 of Legislative Decree 19/2026 establishes AGEMAR
DB Cargo plans to cut around 6,000 jobs
Berlin
Negotiations with employee representatives to begin soon
In 2025, containers transported by RCL's fleet increased by +8.8%
Bangkok
Revenues from this activity grew by +5.2%
Regarding Tardini's nomination as president of the Western Sicily Port Authority, Salvini and Schifani have (for now) buried the hatchet.
Palermo
Annual container traffic grows by 5.4% at HHLA port terminals
Hamburg
Record revenues expected at 1.76 billion euros (+9.9%)
Container traffic at the Port of New York is expected to grow by 2.3% in 2025.
New York
Significant increase in full containers for export
Politics and Assiterminal celebrate the extension of the port bonus
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: understood the value of the planning behind the reformulation of the law
Container traffic at the port of Hong Kong decreased by -3.2% in January
Hong Kong
1.13 million TEUs were handled
Costamare secures $940 million in revenue from the charter of 12 container ships
Monk
Cargo traffic at the port of Singapore grew by 13.0% last month.
Singapore
Containers amounted to 3,892,370 TEUs (+11.3%)
CMA CGM has ordered six 1,700 TEU LNG containerships from Cochin Shipyard.
Marseille
By the end of the year, the number of Indian seafarers on board the French group's ships will rise to 1,500.
Filt Cgil, meeting on the importance of Article 17 of Law 84/94
Rome
It will be held tomorrow in Rome at the Frentani Congress Center
Britta Weber has been appointed as the new chief executive officer of the Hupac Group.
Noise
He is the current vice president of UPS Healthcare for Europe and Asia.
Saipem to acquire mobile offshore drilling unit for $272.5 million
Milan
Agreement with Norwegian Deep Value Driller
The 59th edition of the San Giorgio Award will be held in Genoa on February 20th.
Genoa
The Targa San Giorgio will be awarded to Gian Enzo Duci
Filt Cgil appeals against Cartour's authorization to carry out lashing and unlashing operations.
Medlog inaugurates a logistics park at Dammam's King Abdulaziz Port
Geneva
It occupies an area of over 100 thousand square meters
Manageritalia and Assologistica sign the renewal of the Ccnl managers of the logistics
Rome
Monthly gross earnings increase at 750 Euros in three tranche
Subscribed a binding agreement for the acquisition of Qube by Macquarie Asset Management
Sydney
It was unanimously approved by the Australian logistic group Cda
Meyer Turku completed the design of a cruise ship to zero net emissions
Turku
The main fuel is biomethanol
Last year the turnover of Kalmar grew by +1%
Helsinki
Operating income, net profit and new orders in increase respective of +26%, +28% and +8%
Terminal Investment Limited puts hands on the Peruvian port of Pisco
Lima
Acquired the Portuario de Paracas Terminal
Assagenti urges a more constant and timely information on the progress of the work of the new dam of Genoa
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the Grande Michigan
Naples
It is the eighth Pure Car and Truck Carrier ammonia ready of the Neapolitan group
Meeting between the presidents of the Maritime Federation and Assoporti
Rome
Mario Mattioli and Roberto Petri addressed the main issues of the maritime cluster
Morocco's Marsa Maroc participates in the development of the port of Monrovia
Casablanca
Contract for the management of two docks and the construction of a multipurpose terminal
South Korea's Pan Ocean buys ten VLCCs from compatriot SK Shipping
Seoul
Transaction valued at approximately $668 million
Stefano Messina has been confirmed as president of Assarmatori
Rome
He will also lead the shipowners' association in the four-year period 2026-2030
Roberto Mantovanelli has been appointed Secretary General of the Northern Adriatic Port Authority.
Venice
The 2026-2028 Three-Year Operational Plan for the Ports of Venice and Chioggia has been approved.
In 2025, Albanian ports handled a record traffic of 8.2 million tons of goods (+6.2%)
Tirana
A new peak in passengers also amounted to 1.7 million units (+6.4%)
WASS (Fincantieri) has been awarded a contract by Saudi Arabia for the supply of lightweight torpedoes
Trieste
The order is worth more than 200 million euros
Oxin (Somec) awarded a major order for the construction of kitchen, pantry, catering and bar areas for two cruise ships
San Vendemiano
The value of the order is 53 million euros
Sogedim launches a daily service between Carpi and Campogalliano/England
Carpi
Daily shuttle departing from the logistics hubs of Campogalliano, Carpi and Prato
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly and annual revenue.
Athens
Profits are falling
CPPIB and OMERS are considering selling their 67% stake in Associated British Ports.
London
Maersk orders eight 18,600 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Copenhagen
Built by New Times Shipbuilding Co., they will be delivered between 2029 and 2030.
PaxOcean opens new shipyard in Singapore
Singapore
It occupies an area of 17.3 hectares
The largest container ship ever arrived in the port of Trieste
Trieste
Port of call of the "MSC Diana" which has a capacity of approximately 19,000 TEUs
Antin Infrastructure Partners acquires U.S. shipbuilder Vigor Marine Group
New York
It has shipyards in Seattle, Portland, Vancouver, San Diego and Norfolk
In 2025, Moroccan ports handled a record traffic of 262.6 million tons of goods (+8.9%)
Rabat
Transhipment equal to 50.5% of the total
Yang Ming deploys first of five 15,500 TEU dual-fuel LNG vessels on Asia-Mediterranean route
Keelung
It will be used in the MD2 service
Study highlights challenges for LNG containerships in complying with future cold ironing connection requirements
Berlin/Hamburg
Fincantieri and Wsense reach agreement to offer cutting-edge underwater systems
Trieste
Co-development of advanced wireless technology solutions planned
Study finds high levels of persistent organic pollutants caused by shipbreaking activities
Brussels
Port of Livorno: tender for ship-generated waste management begins
Livorno
The expected value of the contract is over 40 million euros
DSV revenue and profits impacted by Schenker acquisition
Copenhagen
In 2025, turnover grew by +48.0%
Wärtsilä reports significant growth in quarterly and annual results for the Marine segment
Helsinki
The Finnish group's new orders acquired in 2025 remain stable.
Dutch company Portwise has been bought by its compatriot Haskoning
Rijswijk
The company offers solutions for optimizing terminal operations through automation and electrification
Construction of the first of six container ships for Italia Marittima has begun in China.
Trieste
The ships, which will be able to use traditional fuel and methanol, will have a capacity of 2,400 TEUs
In the Strait of Hormuz, armed vessels ordered a US tanker to stop
Southampton/London
GTS announces new rail services between the port of Genoa and central and southern Italy.
Bari
Connections via the Segrate Milan terminal
Kuehne+Nagel expands CargoCity South at Frankfurt Airport
Schindellegi
A new facility will be completed and taken over at the end of 2028
The number of dual-fuel vessels employed by liner shipping lines is set to double by 2025
Washington
Currently, 74% of the order book consists of units of this type
AD Ports signs agreement to build and operate multipurpose terminal at Matadi Port
Abu Dhabi/Kinshasa
Relaunch of the Banana Deepwater Port Construction Project
Confitarma: The Revenue Agency's position risks having serious repercussions on Italian seafarers' employment.
Rome
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Filt Cgil, meeting on the importance of Article 17 of Law 84/94
Rome
It will be held tomorrow in Rome at the Frentani Congress Center
A conference on congestion in the North West logistics system will be held in Genoa on January 19th.
Genoa
It will be held at the Transparency Hall of the Liguria Region
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Auction of megaterminal in Santos may be postponed due to deadlock within the Federal Government
(A Tribuna)
East Port Said Port faces a new challenge with Europe's carbon rules for shipping
(EnterpriseAM)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Bucchioni appointed pro tempore president of the Association of Freight Forwarders of the Port of La Spezia
La Spezia
The tender for the development of the shipbuilding hub in the port of Ancona has begun.
Ancona
The AdSP Management Committee has approved the call for tenders
ONE's quarterly financial performance declines further
Singapore
The volume of containerized cargo transported by the fleet remains stable
Laura DiBella's nomination for FMC presidency has been signed.
Washington
His term will expire on June 30, 2028.
Port of Singapore saw record bunker deliveries in 2025
Singapore
PSA-MOL joint venture to manage a new ro-ro terminal
The port of Taranto was visited by a delegation from the Japanese FLOWRA
Taranto
The association brings together 21 of the main Japanese energy players
ABB's new orders in a quarter exceed $10 billion for the first time.
Zurich
Growing demand in the maritime, port and railway sectors
In the United States, MSC was fined a total of $22.67 million
Washington
The Federal Maritime Commission has released the results of an investigation
CSC Vespucci and Livorno Reefer will form a single platform dedicated to fruit and vegetable and exotic products in the port of Livorno
Signal Ocean has acquired AXSMarine
Paris/London
The company offers web platforms to support the ship charter sector
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