The value of the investments needed to adapt ports new challenges is between 223 and 768 billion of dollars only for the adaptation of port calls rising sea levels due to the effects of the climate change. This is estimated by the American banking institution JPMorgan Chase & Co. taking over how the ports, with a trade which is set to double by 2050, will need to expand and improve efficiency to handle volumes of traffic and mitigate risks to both infrastructure and climate-related economic stability.

The analysis, by Sarah B. Kapnick, Head of Climate J.P. Morgan's Advisory Reports That Ports Must Address also the challenges of decarbonisation, uncertainties geopolitical and the opening of new Arctic trade routes. The The document explains that ports are exposed, among other things, to different risks deriving from natural phenomena, some with a high probability of occurring annually such as hurricanes, hurricanes, typhoons, floods and droughts and others with low probabilities such as earthquakes. For these natural hazards, the average value of their impact is estimated at around 7.6 billion per year and between $4.0 billion and $17.4 billion, figures referring to damage to port infrastructure, based on historical data and do not take into account the value of goods which could be damaged, by losses due to disruption of trade or climate change.

Regarding the impact on port infrastructure sea level rise due to changing climate, the document recalls that it is expected that this increase in will be up to 40 centimeters between 2020 and 2050 throughout the world compared to an increase of 20 centimeters that occurred since the nineteenth century century to the present day and that by 2100 a rise in the sea level up to 2-7 meters in case of acceleration of the melting glaciers.

The analysis also examines the planning adopted by the to mitigate the impact of climate change on their infrastructure, with currently 89% of the world's most (31 out of 35) who are developing specific plans and with 66% of these (23 out of 35) who are developing plans for adaptation to the climate change. The paper notes that since they are large infrastructure, ports have a planning and development phase of about a decade, before a useful life the effect of the measures envisaged by the plan (over and over 50 years). Therefore, a port that begins today the phases of will have implemented all the measures envisaged by the plan in the mid-30s and will be fully operational until 2070 or beyond. The analysis notes that, given these time scales, sea level rise and changes due to extreme weather and climate events are inevitable and increasingly require adequate planning as they that their impacts materialize.

The document also briefly examines the process of decarbonisation of economic and social activities that also concerns the ports which, in this area, are currently aiming mainly on the electrification of port infrastructure, and on the supply of new environmentally friendly fuels to ships.