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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 7-8/2000 - JULY/AUGUST 2000

Sea Transport

La NSCSA compie 21 anni

Nello scorso mese di gennaio, la NSCSA (National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia) ha ricevuto in consegna la Saudi Yanbu, terza ed ultima di una serie di portacontenitori da 4.400 TEU ordinate presso la Samsung Heavy Industries in Corea del Sud. La consegna in questione ha rappresentato il culmine di una strategia iniziata ai primi del 1997, quando la compagnia di navigazione si risolse ad impegnarsi decisamente nel settore del trasporto marittimo di containers, essendo stata fino a quel momento un operatore di tonnellaggio ro-ro multiruolo nell'ambito dei traffici Nordamerica/Medio Oriente ed Asia/Medio-Oriente.

In conseguenza della trasformazione operativa, sei navi ro-ro della NSCSA sono state concentrate sul mercato nord-americano, dove la compagnia di navigazione ha rilevato una persistente domanda per questo tipo di tonnellaggio al fine di provvedere a carichi sperimentali, prodotti forestali ed attrezzature per costruzioni, oltre ai containers. Queste navi rimangono nell'ambito dei traffici in questione, che si sono ampliati fino a comprendere scali nei porti del Mediterraneo nel 1997 e nel sub-continente indiano (Jawaharlal Nehru in India e Port Qasim in Pakistan) nel 1999. Quest'operazione indipendente si è dimostrata assai riuscita sotto molti aspetti e la NSCSA stima di poter ora disporre di una quota di mercato del 55% nei traffici relativi a carichi alla rinfusa tra la Costa orientale U.S.A. ed il Medio Oriente.

Il tonnellaggio ro-ro impiegato nei servizi asiatici della compagnia di navigazione è stato rimpiazzato nel 1997 da un'operazione puramente cellulare per mezzo di accordi relativi a noleggio di spazi-containers con la CMA (Compagnie Maritime d'Affretement), riguardanti i servizi di quest'ultima FAL (French Asia Line) Europa-Estremo Oriente e MEX (Mediterranean Express) Estremo Oriente-Mediterraneo. Oltre alla svolta verso operazioni containerizzate dedicate, atta a rispondere alla mutata natura dei traffici, quest'alleanza strategica con il vettore francese ha consentito alla NSCSA di accedere direttamente al settore Nord Europa/Medio Oriente per la prima volta dalla Guerra del Golfo.

La NSCSA, tuttavia, non si è accontentata meramente della presenza in questi traffici mediante l'acquisizione di spazi-containers sulle navi della CMA (ora CMA CGM The French Line) e ha ordinato tre nuove navi cellulari al fine di diventare un vero e proprio socio con quote di naviglio nel traffico suddetto. E lo è diventata davvero, adesso, dato che le nuove costruzioni stanno progressivamente rimpiazzando le navi della CMA CGM in precedenza impiegate nel FAL, di modo che ora ci sono sei navi della CMA CGM e tre navi della NSCSA che operano nel contesto degli orari Europa-Asia.

La prima nave della serie, la Saudi Jeddah, è stata immessa in servizio a luglio del 1999 mentre la seconda di loro, la Saudi Yanbu, percorre le rotte del FAL sin dallo scorso mese di febbraio.

La consegna delle navi di nuova costruzione ha dato alla NSCSA un maggiore coinvolgimento nel traffico e - di conseguenza - un maggiore controllo delle proprie operazioni. Anche la capacità a disposizione della compagnia è aumentata significativamente dai 300 TEU settimanali all'inizio del 1997 ai più o meno 920 TEU della fine del 1999 e adesso a 1.393 TEU settimanali in seguito all'introduzione della terza nuova nave.

La NSCSA continua a noleggiare spazi-containers nell'ambito del MEX. Tuttavia, si è saputo che sono in corso modifiche all'impegno della NSCSA nel servizio Galex che collega l'Asia al Medio Oriente. I particolari al riguardo, peraltro, non sono ancora disponibili.

Gli scopi strategici dei cambiamenti apportati sono stati in primo luogo intesi a fornire un migliore livello del servizio nei mercati-chiave della NSCSA in Arabia Saudita ed in genere nel Medio Oriente ed al fine di partecipare ai traffici da capolinea a capolinea Asia/Europa.

Il Nord Europa rappresenta la maggiore fonte di importazioni containerizzate nel Medio Oriente e pertanto gli scali diretti a Southampton, Amburgo, Rotterdam, Zeebrugge e Le Havre hanno costituito un'importante integrazione della rete della NSCSA.

Nel contempo, la partecipazione all'alleanza con la CMA CGM e la Norasia Line, che noleggia spazi-containers sulle navi FAL e MEX della CMA, ha consentito alla NSCSA di offrire ai propri clienti collegamenti settimanali tra i porti del Mar Rosso e del Golfo medio-orientale e l'Europa, il Nord-Est, l'Asia orientale, Singapore ed il Sud-Est asiatico, partecipando altresì nel contempo ai traffici dall'Europa all'Asia.

"L'alleanza con la CMA CGM e l'investimento che abbiamo intrapreso ha reso possibile ciò" ha detto il primo dirigente Engr Abdullah A. Al-Shuraim. "Abbiamo assistito ad un incremento dei flussi di carico Europa/Medio Oriente e vogliamo prendere parte a questa attività. Tre anni fa abbiamo cercato quello che potesse essere il socio migliore ed abbiamo ritenuto che questo fosse la CMA. Tale relazione ha dimostrato di essere di grande soddisfazione reciproca".

Accanto al programma di nuove costruzioni di navi, vi è da rilevare il fatto che la NSCSA ha acquisito nuovo equipaggiamento containerizzato. Nel 1999 sono stati consegnati circa 25.000 TEU di contenitori per carichi secchi (un misto di 20 e 40 piedi standard ed unità high cube) che hanno portato il numero complessivo dei containers a quasi 35.000 TEU.

Per l'immediato futuro non sono state programmate ulteriori nuove costruzioni di portacontainers. Tuttavia, Al-Shuraim commenta: "Staremo bene attenti alle richieste a lungo termine del traffico con la CMA CGM e ciò potrebbe indurci infine ad ordinare ulteriore e più grande capacità di portacontainers. La CMA CGM ha appena ordinato una serie di navi dalla capacità di 6.500 TEU, di modo che in qualche momento in là nel tempo potremmo prendere in considerazione l'ipotesi di partecipare più o meno a questi livelli ".

Di pari passo con molti altri vettori, la NSCSA nel 1999 non ha fatto registrare un'annata positiva dal punto di vista finanziario. Le tariffe di trasporto merci hanno stagnato in basso in tutti i traffici, ma specialmente nei settori in direzione est dall'Europa/Medio Oriente/Asia. La compagnia di navigazione ha dovuto anche vedersela con le implicazioni del notevole squilibrio degli equipaggiamenti che ha accompagnato il boom delle esportazioni ed il concomitante crollo delle importazioni asiatiche. Nel corso del 1999, anche la NSCSA ha sperimentato un calo del 50% circa nei propri volumi di carico dal Nordamerica al Medio Oriente, in conseguenza del dollaro forte ed anche le tariffe di nolo sono collassate sino ad un livello molto basso.

Il vero e proprio impatto si vedrà alla fine di quest'anno, quando la compagnia pubblicherà i propri risultati finanziari del 1999. I dati relativi ai primi nove mesi dell'anno mostrano una perdita netta di circa 29 milioni di dollari, mentre la divisione contenitori e carichi generali è andata in rosso per la bellezza di 32 milioni di dollari.

Al-Shuraim, peraltro, è ottimista nel senso che ritiene che il peggio sia alle spalle e che nel 2000 si assisterà a notevoli miglioramenti. Qualche miglioria si è già verificata nelle tariffe di nolo sulle rotte dall'Asia al Medio Oriente ed all'Europa ed anche sulla tratta dall'Europa al Medio Oriente gli esperimenti di ripristino delle tariffe stanno avendo un impatto positivo. Tuttavia, per quanto attiene i servizi nordamericani, le tariffe di nolo restano soggette ad una fortissima pressione.

Quale vettore fortemente impegnato nei traffici medio-orientali, la NSCSA è stata colpita dal crollo mondiale del prezzo del petrolio nel corso di gran parte del 1998-99, che ha depresso la domanda di merci in tutta la regione. Di conseguenza, I trasporti della linea di navigazione in Medio Oriente lo scorso anno sono calati.

Come tutti hanno potuto vedere negli ultimi nove mesi, il prezzo mondiale del petrolio è poi aumentato rapidamente e ciò ha infuso ulteriore ottimismo nella NSCSA. Commenta Al-Shuraim: "Questo dovrebbe alla fine condurre ad un maggiore livello di investimenti governativi ed alla elargizione di finanziamenti per i progetti che erano stati accantonati. Assisteremo alla ripresa di flussi di carichi e sono sicuro che ci sarà un conseguente significativo miglioramento dei traffici containerizzati medio-orientali".

TABELLA 1
PRINCIPALI SERVIZI DI LINEA DELLA NSCSA
TrafficoFrequenza Porti servitiNavi Soci
FAL
Europa/Medio Oriente/Asia
Settimanale Le Havre, Rotterdam, Amburgo, Zeebrugge, Southampton, Malta, Damietta, Jeddah, Khor Fakkan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Ningbo, Yantian, Hong Kong, Singapore, Port Klang, Jeddah 9 da
3.900 /
4.400 TEU
CMA CGM
Norasia
Med Club Express
Mediterraneo/ Sud-Est
Asiatico/Asia
SettimanaleBarcellona, Fos, Genova, Napoli, Damietta, Port Klang, Singapore, Yantian, Hong Kong, Busan, Keelung, Hong Kong, Chiwan, Djakarta, Singapore, Colombo, Damietta, Malta -CMA CGM
Norasia
Nordamerica, Mediterraneo,
Medio Oriente, Sub-continente indiano
10 giorniHouston, New Orleans, Savannah, Wilmington, Norfolk, New York, Halifax, Jeddah, Dubai, Damman, Port Qasim (Karachi), JNPT (Mumbai), Jeddah, Livorno, New York, Baltimora 6 da
1.600 /
2.300 TEU
Nessuno
Fonte: NSCSA

L'incremento del prezzo del petrolio, tuttavia, non è solamente fonte di buone notizie per la NSCSA. Come osserva Al-Shuraim, esso ha comportato costi di bunkeraggio più elevati, che sono più che raddoppiati dalla fine del 1998. "Non tutti i costi possono essere trasferiti e, sebbene noi ed altri vettori si stia spingendo forte, gli aumenti tariffari non riflettono completamente l'aumento dei costi di bunkeraggio".

Jeddah è un porto-chiave per la NSCSA, quale porta d'accesso principale a servizio del proprio mercato "di casa" dell'Arabia Saudita. Importanti cambiamenti sono in atto nel porto ed un secondo terminal contenitori dovrebbe iniziare le operazioni entro pochi mesi. Al-Shuraim accoglie con molto favore l'iniziativa che immetterà nuova concorrenza sul mercato e si aspetta di ricavare vantaggi operativi dai cambiamenti. "Le linee di navigazione saranno in condizione di decidere di quali terminals servirsi sulla base della produttività e dell'efficienza" ha affermato Al-Shuraim.

Negli ultimi anni, la NSCSA ha investito in un proprio piazzale per i servizi containerizzati da 120.000 m2 a Jeddah, che utilizza per depositarvi i contenitori vuoti e quelli dei clienti. Sul sito sono state allestite altresì infrastrutture per la riparazione e la rimessa a nuovo dei containers.

Un altro importante programma di investimento concerne lo sviluppo di sistemi informatici interni che negli ultimi anni sono stati notevolmente migliorati. Tutti gli agenti in Nordamerica, in Europa, nel Sud-Est asiatico e nel Medio Oriente sono connessi per mezzo di reti regionali con centro rispettivamente a Baltimora, Londra, Singapore e Riyad. La NSCSA sta ora lavorando ad un nuovo sistema che renderà possibile accentrare queste reti informatiche regionali in una sola località, l'ufficio principale di Riyad. Ciò consentirà una maggiore disponibilità di informazioni ed una maggiore velocità di accesso.

Per la fine del 2000, tutti gli agenti e gli uffici regionali saranno collegati direttamente ad un computer AS400 a Riyad; verranno utilizzate comunicazioni basate su Internet, dal momento che si è valutato che questa era l'opzione più razionale dal punto di vista dei costi.

La NSCSA sta inoltre sviluppando il proprio sito web (www.nscsa.com) che ha visto la luce alla metà del 2000. Esso fornirà informazioni complete sugli orari e comprenderà altresì la registrazione dei carichi e le strutture di tracking. "L'investimento in queste soluzioni informatiche è l'unico modo con cui possiamo competere con le principali linee di navigazione del mondo" osserva Al-Shuraim.

La NSCSA ha ampi interessi al di là del trasporto marittimo di contenitori, dal momento che possiede complessivamente 16 unità per il trasporto di prodotti chimici e cinque cisterniere VLCC. Essa detiene una partecipazione dell'80% nella National Chemical Carriers che ha siglato un accordo sugli equipaggiamenti con la norvegese Storli, nonché nella Arabian Chemical Carriers, un'associazione commerciale con la United Arab Shipping Company, che possiede una cisterniera con cui effettua servizi.

Due anni fa, la NSCSA ha inoltre costituito un'associazione commerciale per la gestione di navi con la Acomarit, denominata Mideast Ship Management, in cui possiede una partecipazione dell'80%. Per la fine di quest'anno, la società si accollerà la responsabilità della gestione tecnica di tutte e 32 le navi della NSCSA.

Afferma Al-Shuraim: "La Mideast Ship Management sta facendo un eccellente lavoro. Essa ha costituito un'organizzazione gestionale assai efficiente, che collega tutte le navi via Internet e porta avanti un lavoro di agenzia e mediazione marittima".

L'intenzione, adesso, è quella di cercare navi di terzi, concentrandosi specialmente su quelle impegnate nei traffici del Medio Oriente. Ciò potrebbe coinvolgere tutta una gamma di tipi di navi, tra cui il tonnellaggio cellulare e ro-ro.

Sebbene la NSCSA sia il vettore nazionale, la compagnia di navigazione in effetti appartiene solamente per il 29% al governo saudita, che supervisiona le sue operazioni attraverso i propri rappresentanti nel consiglio di amministrazione. Il resto delle azioni è detenuto da soggetti privati.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2000)


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Dubai
The project includes approximately four kilometers of docks
New port regulations for Civitavecchia, Fiumicino, and Gaeta have been approved.
Civitavecchia
The procedural agreement with Interminal in Gaeta has been approved.
Kotug Acquires Majority Stake in Vortex Offshore
Rotterdam
The Dubai-based company provides maritime services to the offshore industry in the Middle East.
Over €1.9 billion in Spain to improve road and rail connections between ports
Madrid
Port authorities will contribute 875.1 million euros
Attica Holdings sold the ro-pax vessel Levka Ori for €8.3 million.
Kallithea
The ferry was built in 1987
DFDS's Trieste-Damietta ro-ro service will become bi-weekly in mid-October
Copenhagen
Inserting a second vessel into the route
The Italian Merchant Marine Academy increases cooperation with the Port of Durres.
Genoa
A memorandum of understanding has been signed
A volume on the history of the Tuscan port system will be presented in Livorno on Friday.
Livorno
A comparison of the key players in the port sector: from the reforms of the 1990s to the challenges of the future.
Suardiaz takes delivery of a 5,000-car LNG-powered car carrier
Madrid
A second PCTC vessel is expected in mid-2027
Hapag-Lloyd raises its 2026 outlook further
Hamburg
Strong demand and rising spot freight rates are pushing the company to significantly increase its EBITDA and EBIT forecasts.
UNIPORT's public meeting will be held in Rome on October 6th.
Rome
Debate on port reform and other relevant aspects of the sector
Pilot project for the production and use of green hydrogen at the port of Savona
Savona
Paroli (Western Ligurian Port Authority): a port area has been identified for work.
Tarros and Nurminen Logistics launch new Scandinavian-Mediterranean intermodal service
La Spezia/Helsinki
The land route connects Örebro, Parma and La Spezia
The first caisson of the breakwater protecting the regasification plant off the coast of Ravenna has been laid.
Ravenna
The maritime work will be approximately 900 metres long
Fincantieri and PT PAL sign agreement for the modernization of an Indonesian Navy vessel
Trieste
This is the "Kri Sriwijaya" unit (formerly "Giuseppe Garibaldi")
In Italy, the blue economy is worth 225 billion, and the nautical industry alone exceeds 10 billion in exports.
Rome
SACE's Focus On presented at the Genoa Boat Show
Fire aboard the Blue Star Ferries ro-ro vessel Blue Carrier 2
Kallithea
The 29 people on board were evacuated
Costs and timescales for the reconstruction of the four US Navy shipyards are rising exponentially.
Washington
If in 2018 21 billion dollars and 20 years of work were expected, today the estimate is 200 billion and at least 50 years.
Shipping faces its triple challenge: decarbonization, geopolitics, and the new geography of the automotive industry.
Chaff
At the Euromed Convention in Grimaldi, the sector is dealing with new environmental regulations, increasingly exposed routes and the shift of automotive production towards Southeast Asia.
Orizzonte Sistemi Navali signs a €3.7 billion contract for two destroyers
Trieste
The "Domenico Millelire" PPA has been delivered to the Navy.
Livorno: The Supreme Court of Cassation overturns the convictions in the Darsena Toscana docks affair.
Rome
The appeal ruling overturned the court's acquittal and convicted three defendants of ideological forgery.
The Port of Rijeka expects to close 2026 with a record container traffic of 800,000 TEUs.
River
With the new terminal on the island of Krk, traffic could rise to 1.7 million TEUs
Offshore wind energy funding: Pichetto reassures Taranto, but Taranto demands certainty.
Taranto
The 2026 funding for the Apulian port drops to €13.9 million. Gugliotti hopes for a formal confirmation of the remaining resources in 2027.
Port reform: The majority pushes ahead with Porti d'Italia SpA
Rome
The Chamber's Transport Committee rejects the opposition's suppressive amendments.
Gela's Porto Rifugio has received a favorable opinion for dredging the port's waters.
Palermo
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
UNIPORT's public meeting will be held in Rome on October 6th.
Rome
Debate on port reform and other relevant aspects of the sector
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Greenbrier Europe to produce NIK transshipment system for TX Logistik
Troisdorf/Berlin
Allows rapid loading of non-craneable semi-trailers onto trains
Maersk opens its own logistics center in the heart of Germany
Herleshausen
Located in Herleshausen, it has a surface area of 71,800 square meters
South Korea's HJ Shipbuilding & Construction Co. wins orders for four new 10,100 TEU containerships
Busan
The contract has a total value of approximately 500 million dollars.
Democratic Party: The government's port reform paves the way for privatization of Italian ports.
Rome
Ghio and Misiani: it also takes resources and skills away from the territories
Port self-production: The Council of State denies the segmentability of the authorization pursuant to Article 16, paragraph 3.
Rome
Cartour's "partial" authorization in the port of Salerno has been suspended.
Port of Miami closes fiscal 2026 with record cruise traffic
Miami
The threshold of ten million passengers has been exceeded, compared to 8.56 million in the previous financial year.
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new pure car and truck carrier Grande Egitto.
Naples
Its load capacity reaches 9,800 ceu
Port reform will be discussed in Genoa on October 2nd.
Genoa
Workshop organized by the AdSP and the Altero Matteoli association
Fratelli Cosulich strengthens its logistics network with the opening of Express Global Dubai
Dubai
Teresa Cosulich will be responsible for the new logistics office.
"A Sea of Switzerland" will be held in Lugano on October 9th
Lugano
Ninth edition of the International Forum on Transport and Infrastructure
New attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet caused minor injuries to two crew members
Brullo Group orders three 40,800-ton deadweight oil/chemical tanker vessels
Rome
Order to the Chinese shipyard Anhui Shipyard
A new megayacht production, maintenance, and storage hub opens in Trieste.
Trieste
Trieste Shipyards was founded by Seadock (Samer group) and Yachting Expertise and is owned by Friulia
Confitarma applauds the government's initiative to protect Italian ships in the Red Sea.
Rome
Zanetti: Maritime security is, in effect, a component of national economic security
Unions approve the platform for the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
Filt, Fit and Uilt, is structured around three central elements such as salary, protection, participation and thirteen concrete requests
FHP Intermodal is increasing the frequency of its freight rail service between Fiorenzuola and Incoronata/Bari.
Milan
It goes up to five days a week
This year over 2,000 large yachts operated along the Italian coasts
Rome
Plus 10% for owned boats and a substantially stable trend for chartered ones
The event "Cyber-resilience in the maritime sector: defense, regulations, and European cooperation" will be held in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
It is organized by Var Group and Confitarma
Smeup, with the acquisition of HTG, expands its portfolio in the logistics and transport sector
Erbusco
The Turin-based company specializes in the development of proprietary software
Saudi Arabian ports: Liquid bulk throughput to decline sharply in 2025
Riyadh
Total traffic fell to 298.3 million tonnes (-10.9%)
A delegation from the Lithuanian port of Klaipeda visited the port of Livorno
Livorno
In-depth comparison of their respective infrastructure development plans
New OOCL service between the Western Mediterranean and Canada
Hong Kong
Collaboration with Ocean Alliance companies and other carriers
The port's future is at the center of the event celebrating the 80th anniversary of Assosped Venezia and Asamar Veneto.
Venice
A conference on Friday will be the highlight of the festival
Increase in port workers at the ports of Monfalcone and Milazzo
Rome
Green light from the General Directorate for Ports, Logistics and Intermodality of the Ministry of the Interior.
Cargo traffic in Greek ports is sharply declining
Piraeus
Stagnation in passenger numbers
Mercitalia Shunting & Terminal has purchased eight Eurolight Dual bimodal locomotives
Rome
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