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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 5/2004 - MAY 2004

Porti

Le prospettive del porto di Sines

Il 15 maggio 2003, la PSA aveva portato a termine la costruzione della sua ultima infrastruttura per la movimentazione di box, situata presso il porto portoghese di Sines. Lo stivatore dispone di una concessione trentennale a gestire il Terminal XXI, ai sensi di quella che molti commentatori ritengono rappresenti una delle sue iniziative maggiormente speculative sino ad oggi. In effetti, ad un anno di distanza, il terminal deve ancora movimentare la sua prima nave portacontainers.

Continuano le voci secondo cui la PSA abbia tentato di vendere la concessione ovvero almeno di trovare un socio valido sul mercato locale. Fonti vicine ai promotori del progetto confermano come in effetti siano avvenuti dei colloqui con potenziali investitori sia locali che stranieri, sebbene nessuno voglia fare ufficialmente commenti in ordine ad una vendita a tutti gli effetti. Tuttavia, dato l'attuale dislocamento di personale addetto alle vendite sia in Portogallo che nella vicina Spagna, adesso sembrerebbe che la PSA sia a Sines per restarci.

Infatti, sembra sempre più probabile che parte dei futuri traffici del terminal possa derivare dalla Spagna, che manca di un terminal atlantico a lungo raggio ad occidente della penisola. Non sorprende, perciò, che la PSA supporti lo sviluppo del proposto collegamento ferroviario ad alta velocità alla volta di Madrid nella convinzione che dalla regione possano derivare significativi volumi di traffico.

La decisione del governo portoghese di investire pesantemente in collegamenti sia stradali che ferroviari con il porto indica altresì che i traffici in importazione/esportazione svolgeranno un ruolo decisivo nella capacità complessiva di conseguire profitti di tale iniziativa, che non viene considerata come un mero hub di trasbordo. Infatti, lo stato è impegnato a sviluppare un certo numero di complessi industriali nell'ambito della zona di Sines quali strumenti di impulso dell'economia del Portogallo meridionale.

Ciononostante, a meno che non si riesca a sottoscrivere un accordo con un cliente-chiave, il terminal di fatto resterà chiuso; la PSA rifiuta di accettare qualsivoglia traffico di box ad hoc come tale. Sebbene ciò comporterà senza dubbio un impatto negativo sul proprio investimento complessivo da 60 milioni di euro nel progetto, i pagamenti all'autorità portuale avranno effettivamente inizio solo allorquando i risultati avranno raggiunto i 100.000 TEU, sebbene l'attuale capacità consenta di movimentare sino a 250.000 TEU.

In termini di equipaggiamento, sono in funzione due gru da banchina Mitsui, oltre a tre RTGs, mentre anche il terminal ferroviario adiacente è pronto a ricevere i suoi primi box. La concessione richiede altresì che la PSA effettui due ulteriori ampliamenti all'attuale terminal da 13,3 ettari oltre il 2015, aumentando così la capacità di oltre 1 milione di TEU.

Nonostante le attuali difficoltà, non vi è dubbio che, quando le prime navi cominceranno ad arrivare, il mercato containerizzato in Portogallo cambierà per sempre. Quelli più a rischio sono i due terminals fluviali di Lisbona, la Sotagus e la Liscont, che hanno movimentato assieme 487.529 TEU (il 60% del mercato complessivo portoghese continentale), con un aumento del 13,4% rispetto al 2002.

La Liscont è il più fiorente dei due, avendo dato impulso ai propri risultati del 17% sino a 278.928 TEU, grazie ad un incremento del 122% del trasbordo e ad un altro del 26,55 nei traffici di transito, secondo il direttore generale Carlos Figueiredo. Il terminal al momento è in fase di ripavimentazione per consentire la sostituzione delle attuali impilatrici con le RTGs: tre di loro saranno in funzione alla fine dell'anno ed otto per la metà del 2006.

Dalla metà del 2003, la Liscont organizzava altresì un servizio contenitori quindicinale dal piccolo porto di Figueira da Foz tramite l'operatore HMS; il servizio è poi stato tramutato in settimanale a partire da marzo.

E' interessante notare come sia la Liscont che la Sotagus presentino un azionista di maggioranza in comune, la Tertir (Terminais de Portugal): essa infatti detiene una quota del 71,02% nella prima e dell'80,91% nella seconda, per non parlare della quota del 67,36% nella TCL, che gestisce il terminal containers nel porto portoghese settentrionale di Leixões. E' significativo il fatto che la Tertir sia anche collegata con il progetto Terminal XXI della PSA. Tuttavia, malgrado la proprietà comune, Lopo Feijó, presidente della TCL, afferma che attualmente la collaborazione tra i tre terminals resta trascurabile.

La TCL continua a fare una buona impressione, avendo spinto in alto del 5,4% i propri risultati del 2003 sino a 320.280 TEU, grazie essenzialmente all'aumento dei traffici africani nel corso degli ultimi due trimestri.

"Restiamo assai ottimisti per il 2004 e siamo convinti di poter incrementare i risultati del 5,5% almeno, anche se, nel caso le cose dovessero continuare ad andare come verso la fine dello scorso anno, potremmo anche mirare ad una crescita di oltre il 10%" afferma Feijó.

Sebbene l'originario piano gestionale d'impresa della TCL avesse previsto la maturazione di profitti solo dopo il quinto anno di operazioni, la società ha guadagnato denaro già nel corso della sua prima annata completa e resta tuttora in grado di realizzare profitti, al terzo anno appena della sua concessione venticinquennale. Anche la produttività fa una buona impressione, avendo realizzato in media 30,9 box all'ora nel 2003 per 1.600 navi.

"Date le dimensioni del terminal, la TCL ora può essere considerata uno dei terminal più produttivi d'Europa" sottolinea Feijó, il quale rimarca anche che la maggior parte del personale che lavora nel terminal è la stessa gente che in precedenza aveva ottenuto le irrisorie 15 movimentazioni gru all'ora quando il terminal containers era gestito dall'autorità portuale.

Alla richiesta di spiegazioni in ordine al conseguimento di una svolta così radicale, Feijó sottolinea come, anche se i nuovi investimenti abbiano svolto un ruolo di rilievo, gran parte del miglioramento complessivo sia stato semplicemente una questione di direzione, motivazioni e migliore organizzazione a tutto tondo.

Alla TCL piacerebbe altresì gestire servizi intermodali propri, e sta esplorando tale, possibilità con la CP (Ferrovie Portoghesi) che fornirebbe la trazione ed il materiale rotabile, mettendo altresì a disposizione spazi-containers in relazione al proposto servizio di treno-blocco Porto-Lisbona.

In termini di nuovo equipaggiamento, la TCL ha acquistato tre RMGs dalla Eurocrane nel corso del 2003 per il proprio Terminal Sud. La società in questione non solo è stata meno cara del 15% rispetto agli altri partecipanti alla gara d'appalto internazionale, ma ha altresì garantito un supporto di manutenzione urgente in meno di 12 ore.

L'arrivo delle nuove RMGs ha effettivamente dato impulso alla capacità del Terminal Sud nell'ordine del 75%, essendovi adesso sette gru da piazzale. Inoltre, quelle consegnate dalla Eurocrane possono impilare fino a cinque containers in altezza, uno in più rispetto a quelle esistenti.

"Abbiamo un sacco di esperienza con le RMGs, il che spiega perché abbiamo deciso di continuare ad investire in questo tipo di tecnologia, piuttosto che dirottare sulle RTGs, ovvero di combinare i due tipi. Nel nostro piazzale di impilaggio non c'è tutto quello spazio, che era stato progettato per qualsivoglia operazione RMG. Sebbene l'investimento iniziale in RMGs sia inevitabilmente più alto, esse restano competitive a termine più lungo" sostiene Feijó.

L'isola atlantica di Madeira, una regione autonoma del Portogallo, nel 2003 ha movimentato 107.672 TEU, rispetto ai 103.175 TEU del 2002, sebbene la metà di tutto il traffico consista in containers vuoti. Come spiega il Presidente dell'Autorità Portuale João Reis, la domanda è aumentata in media dell'8% rispetto all'ultimo decennio, sebbene probabilmente sia destinata a raggiungere il tetto dei 200.000 TEU circa entro il 2020. Il traffico di box è attualmente concentrato presso il porto di Funchal, il capoluogo dell'isola, dove tutte le navi, tranne una manciata, provengono dal continente portoghese, attraccando o alla banchina 3 a traffico misto o all'ormeggio 6 specializzato, dove è disponibile un'area di 17.000 metri quadrati.

Tuttavia, la maggior parte dell'attuale attrezzatura da banchina è molto vecchia, essendo stata acquistata di seconda mano dall'autorità portuale ad opera dell'impresa di stivaggio OPM quando le venne assegnato un monopolio a termine aperto relativo alla movimentazione di box nel 1990, sebbene successivamente siano state acquistate nuove impilatrici.

La produttività, di circa 12 boxes per gru all'ora, è estremamente scarsa. Tuttavia, Reis la difende sottolineando come nessun valore sarebbe stato aggiunto alla linea di navigazione anche se la OPM fosse stata in grado di offrire 25 movimentazioni per gru/ora. Ciò perché nessuna lavorazione viene espletata dai terminals a Lisbona, Leixões o Setúbal, di modo che le navi impiegate nei servizi pendolari ad intervallo fisso da e per l'isola dovrebbero ancora ormeggiare da qualche parte anche se le attività di carico e scarico venissero radicalmente accelerate. Inoltre, Funchal applica oneri di ormeggio relativi a blocchi di 24 ore, che ancora una volta ovviano alla necessità di tempi di lavorazione più veloci.

"Le nostre attuali installazioni a Funchal avrebbero bisogno di un ampliamento per far fronte ai futuri livelli di traffico, ma ciò non sarebbe desiderabile sul sito attuale, che vorremmo sviluppare esclusivamente per le navi da crociera" spiega Reis. "Invece, stiamo per dirottare i containers ed altro traffico non inerente alle crociere da Funchal ad un nuovo sito a Caniçal, circa 30 km ad est".

L'originario porto di Caniçal è stato sviluppato come un terminal da mare aperto, ma attualmente è in fase di realizzazione un nuovo frangiflutti, e Reis prevede che per la fine del 2004 o l'inizio del 2005 tutte le attività di movimentazione di containers vi saranno concentrate. Inizialmente, vi sarà un piazzale d'impilaggio di 32.000 metri quadrati, con la possibilità di espanderlo sino a 45.000 metri quadrati entro il 2020 al fine di accogliere la crescente domanda.

La banchina da 400 metri sarà in grado di movimentare sino a tre portacontainers alla volta. Tuttavia, con un pescaggio longitudinale di appena otto metri, ovviamente non si ha alcuna pretesa di tentare di catturare il traffico di trasbordo. Reis spiega che il successo dei terminals a lungo raggio sulle vicine Isole Canarie spagnole, più la presenza sia di Sines che di Algesiras, renderebbero ingiustificabile l'investimento aggiuntivo necessario a fare ingresso in questo mercato.

Sinora, non è stato deciso se sarà la OPM od un'altra società a gestire il nuovo terminal, per quanto sia necessaria una intera serie di nuove attrezzature al fine di migliorare le attività di movimentazione in loco. Inoltre, un nuovo terminal interno dovrebbe essere realizzato a Porto Novo, a metà strada tra Caniçal e Funchal, che risolverebbe i problemi abbinati del deposito di contenitori vuoti e dello svuotamento dei containers, dal momento che Funchal soffre di una grave mancanza di spazi adeguati per tale attività.

Oltre al porto principale, a Madeira anche la vicina isola di Porto Santo è servita da navi provenienti dal continente portoghese, sebbene gran parte del traffico containerizzato venga instradato via Funchal, dove un servizio di traghetti movimenta i contenitori in transito. I risultati del 2003 sono ammontati a 2.448 TEU, rispetto ai 2.378 TEU del 2002, con una poche prospettive di crescita di qualche rilievo in futuro.
(da: CargoSystems, aprile 2004)




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Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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