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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 5/2004 - MAY 2004

Porti

Le prospettive del porto di Sines

Il 15 maggio 2003, la PSA aveva portato a termine la costruzione della sua ultima infrastruttura per la movimentazione di box, situata presso il porto portoghese di Sines. Lo stivatore dispone di una concessione trentennale a gestire il Terminal XXI, ai sensi di quella che molti commentatori ritengono rappresenti una delle sue iniziative maggiormente speculative sino ad oggi. In effetti, ad un anno di distanza, il terminal deve ancora movimentare la sua prima nave portacontainers.

Continuano le voci secondo cui la PSA abbia tentato di vendere la concessione ovvero almeno di trovare un socio valido sul mercato locale. Fonti vicine ai promotori del progetto confermano come in effetti siano avvenuti dei colloqui con potenziali investitori sia locali che stranieri, sebbene nessuno voglia fare ufficialmente commenti in ordine ad una vendita a tutti gli effetti. Tuttavia, dato l'attuale dislocamento di personale addetto alle vendite sia in Portogallo che nella vicina Spagna, adesso sembrerebbe che la PSA sia a Sines per restarci.

Infatti, sembra sempre più probabile che parte dei futuri traffici del terminal possa derivare dalla Spagna, che manca di un terminal atlantico a lungo raggio ad occidente della penisola. Non sorprende, perciò, che la PSA supporti lo sviluppo del proposto collegamento ferroviario ad alta velocità alla volta di Madrid nella convinzione che dalla regione possano derivare significativi volumi di traffico.

La decisione del governo portoghese di investire pesantemente in collegamenti sia stradali che ferroviari con il porto indica altresì che i traffici in importazione/esportazione svolgeranno un ruolo decisivo nella capacità complessiva di conseguire profitti di tale iniziativa, che non viene considerata come un mero hub di trasbordo. Infatti, lo stato è impegnato a sviluppare un certo numero di complessi industriali nell'ambito della zona di Sines quali strumenti di impulso dell'economia del Portogallo meridionale.

Ciononostante, a meno che non si riesca a sottoscrivere un accordo con un cliente-chiave, il terminal di fatto resterà chiuso; la PSA rifiuta di accettare qualsivoglia traffico di box ad hoc come tale. Sebbene ciò comporterà senza dubbio un impatto negativo sul proprio investimento complessivo da 60 milioni di euro nel progetto, i pagamenti all'autorità portuale avranno effettivamente inizio solo allorquando i risultati avranno raggiunto i 100.000 TEU, sebbene l'attuale capacità consenta di movimentare sino a 250.000 TEU.

In termini di equipaggiamento, sono in funzione due gru da banchina Mitsui, oltre a tre RTGs, mentre anche il terminal ferroviario adiacente è pronto a ricevere i suoi primi box. La concessione richiede altresì che la PSA effettui due ulteriori ampliamenti all'attuale terminal da 13,3 ettari oltre il 2015, aumentando così la capacità di oltre 1 milione di TEU.

Nonostante le attuali difficoltà, non vi è dubbio che, quando le prime navi cominceranno ad arrivare, il mercato containerizzato in Portogallo cambierà per sempre. Quelli più a rischio sono i due terminals fluviali di Lisbona, la Sotagus e la Liscont, che hanno movimentato assieme 487.529 TEU (il 60% del mercato complessivo portoghese continentale), con un aumento del 13,4% rispetto al 2002.

La Liscont è il più fiorente dei due, avendo dato impulso ai propri risultati del 17% sino a 278.928 TEU, grazie ad un incremento del 122% del trasbordo e ad un altro del 26,55 nei traffici di transito, secondo il direttore generale Carlos Figueiredo. Il terminal al momento è in fase di ripavimentazione per consentire la sostituzione delle attuali impilatrici con le RTGs: tre di loro saranno in funzione alla fine dell'anno ed otto per la metà del 2006.

Dalla metà del 2003, la Liscont organizzava altresì un servizio contenitori quindicinale dal piccolo porto di Figueira da Foz tramite l'operatore HMS; il servizio è poi stato tramutato in settimanale a partire da marzo.

E' interessante notare come sia la Liscont che la Sotagus presentino un azionista di maggioranza in comune, la Tertir (Terminais de Portugal): essa infatti detiene una quota del 71,02% nella prima e dell'80,91% nella seconda, per non parlare della quota del 67,36% nella TCL, che gestisce il terminal containers nel porto portoghese settentrionale di Leixões. E' significativo il fatto che la Tertir sia anche collegata con il progetto Terminal XXI della PSA. Tuttavia, malgrado la proprietà comune, Lopo Feijó, presidente della TCL, afferma che attualmente la collaborazione tra i tre terminals resta trascurabile.

La TCL continua a fare una buona impressione, avendo spinto in alto del 5,4% i propri risultati del 2003 sino a 320.280 TEU, grazie essenzialmente all'aumento dei traffici africani nel corso degli ultimi due trimestri.

"Restiamo assai ottimisti per il 2004 e siamo convinti di poter incrementare i risultati del 5,5% almeno, anche se, nel caso le cose dovessero continuare ad andare come verso la fine dello scorso anno, potremmo anche mirare ad una crescita di oltre il 10%" afferma Feijó.

Sebbene l'originario piano gestionale d'impresa della TCL avesse previsto la maturazione di profitti solo dopo il quinto anno di operazioni, la società ha guadagnato denaro già nel corso della sua prima annata completa e resta tuttora in grado di realizzare profitti, al terzo anno appena della sua concessione venticinquennale. Anche la produttività fa una buona impressione, avendo realizzato in media 30,9 box all'ora nel 2003 per 1.600 navi.

"Date le dimensioni del terminal, la TCL ora può essere considerata uno dei terminal più produttivi d'Europa" sottolinea Feijó, il quale rimarca anche che la maggior parte del personale che lavora nel terminal è la stessa gente che in precedenza aveva ottenuto le irrisorie 15 movimentazioni gru all'ora quando il terminal containers era gestito dall'autorità portuale.

Alla richiesta di spiegazioni in ordine al conseguimento di una svolta così radicale, Feijó sottolinea come, anche se i nuovi investimenti abbiano svolto un ruolo di rilievo, gran parte del miglioramento complessivo sia stato semplicemente una questione di direzione, motivazioni e migliore organizzazione a tutto tondo.

Alla TCL piacerebbe altresì gestire servizi intermodali propri, e sta esplorando tale, possibilità con la CP (Ferrovie Portoghesi) che fornirebbe la trazione ed il materiale rotabile, mettendo altresì a disposizione spazi-containers in relazione al proposto servizio di treno-blocco Porto-Lisbona.

In termini di nuovo equipaggiamento, la TCL ha acquistato tre RMGs dalla Eurocrane nel corso del 2003 per il proprio Terminal Sud. La società in questione non solo è stata meno cara del 15% rispetto agli altri partecipanti alla gara d'appalto internazionale, ma ha altresì garantito un supporto di manutenzione urgente in meno di 12 ore.

L'arrivo delle nuove RMGs ha effettivamente dato impulso alla capacità del Terminal Sud nell'ordine del 75%, essendovi adesso sette gru da piazzale. Inoltre, quelle consegnate dalla Eurocrane possono impilare fino a cinque containers in altezza, uno in più rispetto a quelle esistenti.

"Abbiamo un sacco di esperienza con le RMGs, il che spiega perché abbiamo deciso di continuare ad investire in questo tipo di tecnologia, piuttosto che dirottare sulle RTGs, ovvero di combinare i due tipi. Nel nostro piazzale di impilaggio non c'è tutto quello spazio, che era stato progettato per qualsivoglia operazione RMG. Sebbene l'investimento iniziale in RMGs sia inevitabilmente più alto, esse restano competitive a termine più lungo" sostiene Feijó.

L'isola atlantica di Madeira, una regione autonoma del Portogallo, nel 2003 ha movimentato 107.672 TEU, rispetto ai 103.175 TEU del 2002, sebbene la metà di tutto il traffico consista in containers vuoti. Come spiega il Presidente dell'Autorità Portuale João Reis, la domanda è aumentata in media dell'8% rispetto all'ultimo decennio, sebbene probabilmente sia destinata a raggiungere il tetto dei 200.000 TEU circa entro il 2020. Il traffico di box è attualmente concentrato presso il porto di Funchal, il capoluogo dell'isola, dove tutte le navi, tranne una manciata, provengono dal continente portoghese, attraccando o alla banchina 3 a traffico misto o all'ormeggio 6 specializzato, dove è disponibile un'area di 17.000 metri quadrati.

Tuttavia, la maggior parte dell'attuale attrezzatura da banchina è molto vecchia, essendo stata acquistata di seconda mano dall'autorità portuale ad opera dell'impresa di stivaggio OPM quando le venne assegnato un monopolio a termine aperto relativo alla movimentazione di box nel 1990, sebbene successivamente siano state acquistate nuove impilatrici.

La produttività, di circa 12 boxes per gru all'ora, è estremamente scarsa. Tuttavia, Reis la difende sottolineando come nessun valore sarebbe stato aggiunto alla linea di navigazione anche se la OPM fosse stata in grado di offrire 25 movimentazioni per gru/ora. Ciò perché nessuna lavorazione viene espletata dai terminals a Lisbona, Leixões o Setúbal, di modo che le navi impiegate nei servizi pendolari ad intervallo fisso da e per l'isola dovrebbero ancora ormeggiare da qualche parte anche se le attività di carico e scarico venissero radicalmente accelerate. Inoltre, Funchal applica oneri di ormeggio relativi a blocchi di 24 ore, che ancora una volta ovviano alla necessità di tempi di lavorazione più veloci.

"Le nostre attuali installazioni a Funchal avrebbero bisogno di un ampliamento per far fronte ai futuri livelli di traffico, ma ciò non sarebbe desiderabile sul sito attuale, che vorremmo sviluppare esclusivamente per le navi da crociera" spiega Reis. "Invece, stiamo per dirottare i containers ed altro traffico non inerente alle crociere da Funchal ad un nuovo sito a Caniçal, circa 30 km ad est".

L'originario porto di Caniçal è stato sviluppato come un terminal da mare aperto, ma attualmente è in fase di realizzazione un nuovo frangiflutti, e Reis prevede che per la fine del 2004 o l'inizio del 2005 tutte le attività di movimentazione di containers vi saranno concentrate. Inizialmente, vi sarà un piazzale d'impilaggio di 32.000 metri quadrati, con la possibilità di espanderlo sino a 45.000 metri quadrati entro il 2020 al fine di accogliere la crescente domanda.

La banchina da 400 metri sarà in grado di movimentare sino a tre portacontainers alla volta. Tuttavia, con un pescaggio longitudinale di appena otto metri, ovviamente non si ha alcuna pretesa di tentare di catturare il traffico di trasbordo. Reis spiega che il successo dei terminals a lungo raggio sulle vicine Isole Canarie spagnole, più la presenza sia di Sines che di Algesiras, renderebbero ingiustificabile l'investimento aggiuntivo necessario a fare ingresso in questo mercato.

Sinora, non è stato deciso se sarà la OPM od un'altra società a gestire il nuovo terminal, per quanto sia necessaria una intera serie di nuove attrezzature al fine di migliorare le attività di movimentazione in loco. Inoltre, un nuovo terminal interno dovrebbe essere realizzato a Porto Novo, a metà strada tra Caniçal e Funchal, che risolverebbe i problemi abbinati del deposito di contenitori vuoti e dello svuotamento dei containers, dal momento che Funchal soffre di una grave mancanza di spazi adeguati per tale attività.

Oltre al porto principale, a Madeira anche la vicina isola di Porto Santo è servita da navi provenienti dal continente portoghese, sebbene gran parte del traffico containerizzato venga instradato via Funchal, dove un servizio di traghetti movimenta i contenitori in transito. I risultati del 2003 sono ammontati a 2.448 TEU, rispetto ai 2.378 TEU del 2002, con una poche prospettive di crescita di qualche rilievo in futuro.
(da: CargoSystems, aprile 2004)




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SAILING LIST
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Finnish shipyard Meyer Turku achieved record turnover in 2025
Turku
Annual net profit of 83.8 million euros (+21.6%)
Marseille-Fos Port inaugurates cold ironing for simultaneous connection of three large cruise ships.
Marseille
Global Ports Holding to Manage Cruise Terminal at Port of Acapulco
Acapulco
Construction of a new dock is planned
A consortium has been formed in La Spezia to share data and improve supply chain efficiency.
La Spezia
Oats: Logistics efficiency depends on dialogue between all components of the supply chain.
In the first quarter, containers carried by OOCL vessels increased by +1.7%
Hong Kong
Revenues from this activity decreased by -7.6%
Francesco Di Leverano is the new secretary general of the Southern Adriatic Port Authority.
Bari
His four-year term will begin on May 11
Discount for large-capacity container ships transiting the Suez Canal suspended
Ismailia
It was in force from 15 May 2025
In February, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna decreased by -8.9%
Ravenna
An increase of +1.3% is expected for the month of March
Over 600 illegal workers discovered in the logistics sector
Rome
Coordinated and continuous collaboration contracts that masked actual subordinate employment relationships
RINA and Hanwha collaborate on battery-hybrid propulsion systems for ferries
Genoa/Busan
The projects will concern both existing and newly built vessels
French shipping company TOWT has been placed into administration
Le Havre
The company has two sailing cargo ships
Casciano (Vado Gateway): The final design for the new Bossarino toll booth in Vado Ligure has received approval.
Vado Ligure
The hope - he said - is that the work can be completed as soon as possible.
A forum on the economy, ports, and investments between Italy and North Africa will be held in La Spezia.
La Spezia
Scheduled for April 9th and 10th at the headquarters of the Port Authority of the Eastern Ligurian Sea
Number of ships undergoing repairs in Greece remains stable
Piraeus
Interventions carried out in dry dock are decreasing
The Italian government has extended the reduction in excise duties on fuel
Rome
The deadline has been extended to May 1st. 60% of the resources come from the ETS.
The Gaia Blu research vessel will serve as Italy's technological platform for autonomous navigation.
Rome
Towing operations of the LNG vessel Arctic Metagaz fail.
Tripoli
The LNG carrier is currently out of control and adrift
Yesterday a bulk carrier ran aground while transiting the Suez Canal
Ismailia
The incident was resolved within four hours
Confitarma and Assarmatori: The crisis puts maritime connections to the islands at risk.
Rome
Dominguez (IMO) urges States to coordinate to address the Hormuz maritime crisis
London
Since February 28, 21 attacks against vessels have occurred in the area
The La Spezia freight forwarders' association is urging measures to maintain the port's operational efficiency.
La Spezia
Due Torri is equipping itself with a 15,000-square-meter logistics hub at the Bologna Interporto.
Minerbio
In 2025, the Emilian company's turnover grew by +13.9%
The 2026 Italian Port Days program will begin soon.
Rome
The theme is "Italy, Gateway to the Mediterranean: Dialogues between Landings and Cities"
Port of La Spezia: First test for hydrogen refueling from dockside mobile vehicle to vessel
La Spezia
Bunkering trials at the Baglietto shipyard
NYK consolidates its operations in the dry bulk maritime transport segment
Tokyo
Group leaders appointed in eight European countries
Last year, freight traffic in Tunisian ports decreased by -5.2%
La Goulette
In the fourth quarter alone the decline was -8.5%
The Guardia di Finanza will use new drones to monitor the Gioia Tauro port area.
Gioia Tauro
The ports of Genoa and Savona-Vado will implement new PCS usage rights management procedures starting tomorrow.
Genoa
The measure does not introduce new charges
Nearly 400 kg of pure cocaine seized in the port of Gioia Tauro
Reggio Calabria
Three distinct operations performed within a week
Confitarma, with the Energy Decree, now is the time to allocate resources to maritime transport.
Rome
Baleària will have its own ferry terminal in the port of Barcelona
Barcelona
It will become operational in a year. Investment of €25.3 million.
In 2025, freight volumes transported by DB Cargo decreased by -8.1%
Berlin
Revenues fell by -8.0%
ONE has acquired 30% of Hutchison Laemchabang Terminal
Singapore
The company operates Terminals D, C1 & C2 and A3 of Laem Chabang Port
A Filt Cgil meeting on port work will be held tomorrow in Genoa.
Rome
It will be held at 10 am in the Port Call Room
Last month the port of Singapore handled 3.4 million containers (+3.2%)
Singapore/Hong Kong
Container traffic in Hong Kong fell by -8.0%
ALIS, the use of ETS revenues to encourage intermodality is a good idea.
Rome
Di Caterina: We hope for a significant increase in the financial resources for the Sea Modal Shift and Ferrobonus instruments starting next year.
CIMC's container sales fell by -31.9% last year.
Hong Kong
Revenues in the container segment fell by -30.9%
Pros and cons of hydrogen applications for decarbonization of the maritime and port sector
Genoa
It was discussed at the Propeller Club - Port of Genoa
In the third quarter of 2025, cargo traffic in Greek ports decreased by -3.6%.
Piraeus
Passengers increased by +1.2%
Confitarma praises legislative initiative for the maritime sector
Rome
Regulatory simplification is a good thing, an essential element for strengthening the competitiveness of national armaments
Assarmatori welcomes the Senate's approval of the "Promoting Marine Resources" bill.
Rome
Messina: overcomes a limitation of the Navigation Code that allows only Italian and EU citizens to join Gente di Mare.
The port system of Venice and Chioggia generates a production value of approximately 15 billion euros
Venice
Direct employees are 26,898 and, including related industries, they rise to 218,853
Green light for aid to reopen the Orbassano-Aiton Alpine Railway Highway.
Brussels
The European Commission authorizes subsidizing the service
Fit Cisl Savona, alarm raised over the potential impact on jobs of the drop in traffic at Vado Gateway.
Savona
The Gioia Tauro Port Authority Management Committee approved the reimbursement of mooring fees.
Gioia Tauro
1.5 million euros allocated
The Management Committee of the Port Authority of Genoa and Savona-Vado has taken note of the framework agreement with PSA
Genoa
The update of the Integrated Activity and Organization Plan has been approved.
Prologis and Singapore's GIC to form joint venture to invest $1.6 billion in new fulfillment centers in the U.S.
San Francisco/Singapore
The initial portfolio is approximately 380 thousand square meters
Hanwha Ocean and ONEX Sign Naval Shipbuilding Agreement
Seoul/Eleusis
The first project in sight is submarines for the Greek Navy
The Antitrust Authority has not opened an investigation into CEVA Logistics' acquisition of the Fagioli group.
Rome
The AGCM believes that the operation will not impede competition or create a dominant position
Singapore's ONE acquires stake in Dongwon Pusan Container Terminal
Singapore
The company operates at the Gammam and Singamman docks of the Port of Busan
EIB finances shore power installation in Rotterdam port
Rotterdam
A loan of 90 million euros has been granted
High-tech exoskeletons to ease the burden on dockworkers in the Port of Livorno.
Livorno
Experiment in collaboration with the Livorno Port Company
Salvatore Lauro, a shipowner from Campania, died yesterday in Ischia.
Naples
He was a senator of the Republic from 1996 to 2005
APM Terminals acquires 49% stake in Vietnam's Hateco Hai Phong International Container Terminal
The Hague/Hanoi
Third phase of construction of Mexico's Lázaro Cárdenas terminal begins
FedEx revenues increased by 8.3% in the December-February quarter
Memphis
Quarterly net income was $1.06 billion (+16.2%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The public meeting of the Genoa freight forwarders' association will be held on April 27th.
Genoa
Appointment at the Stock Exchange Palace
A forum on the economy, ports, and investments between Italy and North Africa will be held in La Spezia.
La Spezia
Scheduled for April 9th and 10th at the headquarters of the Port Authority of the Eastern Ligurian Sea
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Shipbuilding's Spring Illusion: Backbone Collapses
(The Chosun Daily)
Russian shipbuilding holding USC designing high ice-class container ship for Rosatom for Northern Sea Route
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
London pledges £746 million to renovate Nigeria's two ports, Apapa and Tin Can Island, in Lagos.
London
Agreement between UK Export Finance and the Nigerian Ports Authority
Fabrizio Urbani is the new secretary general of the Port Authority of the Central-Northern Tyrrhenian Sea.
Civitavecchia
Unanimous resolution of the Management Committee
In the fourth quarter of 2025, French ports handled 74.2 million tonnes of goods (+7.2%)
La Defense
UNI/Fermerci reference practices on staff training presented at MIT
Rome
The Council of State has rejected the relocation of Genoa's chemical warehouses.
Rome/Genoa
The AdSP declares itself ready for a technical discussion within the framework of a specific initiative by the municipal administration
FS Logistix and Nurminen Logistics inaugurate a new weekly rail service between Sweden and Italy
Rome
2,500 kilometer route
Hapag-Lloyd signs maritime cooperation agreement with Indian government
Hamburg
Plans to bring ships under the Indian flag and collaborate in the development of ship recycling and Vadhavan port
A project for the digital transformation and technological development of the port of Gioia Tauro has been funded.
Gioia Tauro
Resources worth almost two million euros for the Port Authority of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas
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Editor in chief: Bruno Bellio
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