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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 6/2004 - JUNE 2004

Progresso e tecnologia

Nuove ro-ro ad alta velocità

Secondo la società di progettazione navale BMT Nigel Gee and Associates, con sede a Southampton, le strade europee, assai congestionate, faranno sì che il continente batta sul tempo il resto del mondo in relazione all'introduzione di navi ro-ro più veloci dell'ultima generazione.

"Ritengo che assisteremo alla comparsa di un sacco di navi ro-ro in più in Europa" afferma Nigel Gee. "Ci sono numeri evidenti di fronte a noi. Quello più importante ci conferma che, a meno che non vi siano clamorosi cambiamenti, avremo il 50% in più di traffico merci sulle strade dell'Europa nel giro dei prossimi 10 anni di tempo".

A parte la pressione da congestionamento sulle strade europee, vi sono certe rotte - come quella dalla Spagna all'Italia - che a giudizio di molti operatori del trasporto possono essere meglio servite dalle ro-ro, e quindi hanno cominciato ad essere introdotte nuove navi e nuovi servizi.

Gee afferma che la questione in ordine alla necessità che queste navi siano veloci o meno è strettamente correlata alla lunghezza del viaggio ed agli orari. Aggiunge poi che tutte le linee vorrebbero orari razionali e che la BMT, una consociata della British Maritime Technology, ha scoperto un certo numero di operatori cui piacerebbe di riuscire a coprire 640-800 km al giorno.

Ciò comporta l'esigenza di navi che corrano a più di 35 nodi, cosa secondo la società di consulenza impossibile con una nave convenzionale monoscafo.

"Se si prende una ro-ro convenzionale di 120-150 metri e si prova a farla andare ad oltre 27-28 nodi, il consumo di carburante va fuori scala" dice Gee.

L'idea che debba esservi un modo migliore per far sì che una nave vada più veloce, è ciò che ha indotto la società a sviluppare il suo lungo e sottile scafo Pentamaran, in grado di sostenere velocità superiori a 40 nodi, aggiunge.

La concezione Pentamaran, per la quale uno scafo slanciato viene stabilizzato da due paia di strutture laterali del tipo a pinna, realizza un'ampia area per il trasporto dei carichi per gran parte della lunghezza della nave.

Essa promette altresì buone proprietà di tenuta del mare ed il mantenimento della velocità in altomare ed in condizioni difficili, quali quelle sperimentate in zone come la Baia di Biscaglia.

"Si tratta di una scienza molto semplice: non vi è assolutamente dubbio che, se si vuole andare più veloci, allora lungo e sottile è la risposta" afferma Gee.

Ma ogni nuova nave deve invece tenere bassi i costi sia di acquisto che operativi, afferma Gee, sostenendo poi che i bassi costi di acquisto si conseguono utilizzando uno scafo convenzionale di acciaio, mentre quelli operativi si tengono bassi bruciando carburante denso.

Secondo Gee, molte delle alternative di trasporto merci veloce si basano sugli attuali modelli di traghetti di auto veloci. Questo tipo di nave non presenta una stazza lorda molto elevata e presenta altresì costi operativi elevati, dal momento che tendono ad utilizzare per la propulsione turbine sia diesel per alte velocità sia a gas, afferma.

"La lezione da apprendere è che una progettualità non decollerà mai se il costo è troppo alto", dichiara Gee, il quale ammette che l'industria della marina mercantile è molto conservatrice e che il cambiamento relativo alle grandi navi è stato lento.

Ciononostante, la BMT Nigel Gee ha parlato con diversi dei principali operatori ro-ro e ro-pax d'Europa in ordine alla possibilità di introdurre le proprie navi veloci e ha ricevuto un'accoglienza assai favorevole.

Gee afferma che essi credono in tale progettualità ma ha aggiunto che nessuna delle parti interessate vorrebbe essere la prima a procedere all'acquisto di una nave. "Un sacco di gente ci ha detto: "quando ne avrete costruito una, verremo a provarla". Stando alle mie esperienze, si tratta di un problema comune a qualsiasi cosa nuova, ma noi speriamo di convertire presto l'interesse in vendite".

Allo scopo di tenere bassi i costi di costruzione, Gee suggerisce che gli armatori cerchino di costruire le proprie nuove flotte veloci in Europa Orientale e in Estremo Oriente: entrambe le zone sono in grado di eseguire lavori in acciaio di qualità molto alta.

"Se si devono costruire navi molto complesse, quali le ro-pax o i traghetti da crociera, occorre rivolgersi ad uno dei ben noti principali cantieri europei. Ma una ro-ro o una portacontainers sono navi molto semplici".

Pertanto, come fa la società di consulenza a sapere che le proprie ro-ro veloci funzionano?

Come accade per tutte le nuove navi, la società effettua un sacco di analisi numeriche e poi si serve della vasca di collaudo per diverse settimane con un modello a relativamente grande scala (lungo 7,6 metri e pesante oltre una tonnellata) al fine di condurre test di resistenza, autopropulsione e manovra.

Allo scopo di conseguire uno spettro operativo completo, essa espleta i collaudi rispetto a varie condizioni di mare, secondo una gamma di velocità ed in relazione a diverse condizioni di carico.

Il passo finale è quello di passare dall'analisi e dal modello ad una nave a scala piena.

In Europa ci sono parecchie navi monoscafo da 27 o 28 navi, mentre in Giappone ve ne sono alcune che operano in certi traffici a circa 31 nodi.

"In realtà, non vi sono grossi rischi nel realizzare ciò che stiamo suggerendo, cioè la costruzione di una nave da 35 nodi, se si parte dal presupposto di avere condotto rigorose analisi ed un serio collaudo in vasca" afferma Gee.

Il primo dei due traghetti veloci progettati da Nigel Gee per la Alaska Marine Highways System ha iniziato le operazioni ad aprile.

In grado di trasportare 250 passeggeri e 35 auto - ovvero una combinazione di merci e di auto - le nuove navi di alluminio dispongono di una velocità massima di 38 nodi, sebbene nelle prove si sia ottenuta una velocità di oltre 42 nodi.

Il primo traghetto di questo tipo è in servizio sulla rotta Juneau/Sitka di 216 km, mentre il secondo, attualmente in costruzione, sarà introdotto sulla rotta Cordova/Valdez alla fine dell'anno.

Entrambe le navi sono state costruite presso i cantieri navali Derecktor di Bridgeport, nello stato statunitense del Connecticut; si tratta dei primi traghetti veloci di veicoli costruiti negli U.S.A.

Gee è molto fiero di aver ottenuto questo contratto, specialmente perché esso è stato conseguito nei confronti di una concorrenza durissima.

C'è un certo numero di imprese che sono specializzate in naviglio ad alta velocità, ma quasi tutte sono al servizio di un settore specifico del mercato.

Gee afferma che, al momento della costituzione della sua società nel 1986, lo aveva fatto sul presupposto che si sarebbe trattato di una ditta dedita alla progettazione di unità ad alta velocità che, come tale, avrebbe tenuto conto delle esigenze dell'operatore e gli avrebbe procurato le migliori soluzioni.

A differenza di molti dei suoi rivali, Nigel Gee non ha alcun legame di partecipazione azionaria con qualche cantiere navale in particolare. Il gruppo BMT, che ha acquisito la società di consulenza alcuni anni fa, conservandone però la denominazione, si tiene cara la sua indipendenza.

Gee ritiene che i mercati dei traghetti passeggeri e per auto siano prossimi al punto di saturazione, con l'eccezione di qualche opportunità nei mercati di nicchia, ma egli ravvede un potenziale per una nave veloce appropriata in grado di trasportare un gran numero di camion.

"Non c'è, al riguardo, un mercato con una sua tradizione, perché non c'era nessuno in grado di realizzarlo, mentre io sono convinto che un mercato di questo tipo possa esistere. E' un po' come andare indietro di 10 anni, quando la Incat aveva fatto da pioniere con il suo catamarano d'alluminio da 74 metri, che trasportava automobili. Nessuno ne aveva mai sentito parlare, ma, appena uscito dal tavolo da disegno, riuscirono a venderne sei alla Sea Containers. E, appena la gente comprese che era possibile, assistemmo all'entrata in operatività di 130 traghetti veloci per auto nel giro di un decennio.

"Ho pensato che la stessa cosa stia per accadere con i trasporti veloci di merce. La domanda c'è, e noi dobbiamo essere così bravi da mostrare che siamo in grado di fornire le navi.

Ci vuole solo che un'impresa faccia il primo passo, e poi dovrebbe conseguirne un effetto domino. Deve trattarsi di un'attività che piace ai pionieri" aggiunge.

Nel frattempo, la BMT Nigel Gee sta progettando una nave ro-pax molto grande e molto veloce - basata sul suo scafo Pentamaran - che trasporterà 150 camion a 42 nodi lungo la costa orientale degli Stati Uniti.

Gee dichiara che si tratta di un grosso lavoro per la società e che esso al momento attuale è alla fase del modello in vasca. Si dovrebbe riuscire ad avere il progetto completo attorno a settembre.

La Seabridge vorrebbe che la nave operasse dal New England alla Florida al fine di alleviare il congestionamento camionistico sulle autostrade interstatali.

La nave potrebbe accogliere qualcosa come 155 semirimorchi da 30 tonnellate su due ponti, assicurando da 1.400 a 1.500 posti per passeggeri.

Con i suoi 300 metri, il Seabridge è il più lungo dei progetti BMT Pentamaran annunciato finora.

Quanto ai ro-ro veloci a lungo raggio, Gee ritiene che potrebbero anche esserci un giorno, ma al momento pensa che i servizi veloci a corto raggio rappresentino il primo caposaldo, seguito dai servizi veloci per containers.

Questo, però, non vuol dire che i giganti specializzati nel trasporto di automobili non stiano introducendo nuove navi.

La (MOL) Mitsui OSK Lines, ad esempio, ha fatto registrare ad aprile presso l'Ufficio Brevetti Giapponese un nuovo progetto finalizzato alla riduzione della resistenza al vento per i vettori di auto puri (PCCs).

La compagnia di navigazione afferma che la forma dei vettori di auto convenzionali li rende "molto suscettibili" all'azione del vento, il che causa lo scarroccio, cioè una deriva laterale della nave.

Le principali caratteristiche del nuovo progetto, sviluppato unitamente alla Universal Shipbuilding, sono:

  • la prua della nave è aerodinamicamente arrotondata e smussata lungo la linea di prora per ridurre la pressione controvento;
  • il ponte superiore ha uno spazio di carico, denominato ponte garage, al fine di massimizzare la capacità di carico. La nave dispone altresì di diversi livelli, con sezioni d'angolo squadrate lungo le fiancate della nave in cima al ponte garage, che contribuiscono ad alleviare la pressione del vento laterale;
  • il progetto riduce effettivamente lo scarroccio dovuto alla pressione del vento. Di conseguenza, ne risultano migliorati il consumo di carburante e la velocità, mentre vengono ridotte le emissioni del motore.

Fino ad oggi, la MOL ha lanciato sei PCCs che prevedono questa nuova progettualità. La Corageous Ace, varata a marzo del 2003, è stata la prima della serie.
(da: International Freighting Weekly, 24 maggio 2004)




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Lugano
Ninth edition of the International Forum on Transport and Infrastructure
Brullo Group orders three 40,800-ton deadweight oil/chemical tanker vessels
Rome
Order to the Chinese shipyard Anhui Shipyard
New attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet caused minor injuries to two crew members
A new megayacht production, maintenance, and storage hub opens in Trieste.
Trieste
Trieste Shipyards was founded by Seadock (Samer group) and Yachting Expertise and is owned by Friulia
Confitarma applauds the government's initiative to protect Italian ships in the Red Sea.
Rome
Zanetti: Maritime security is, in effect, a component of national economic security
Unions approve the platform for the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
Filt, Fit and Uilt, is structured around three central elements such as salary, protection, participation and thirteen concrete requests
FHP Intermodal is increasing the frequency of its freight rail service between Fiorenzuola and Incoronata/Bari.
Milan
It goes up to five days a week
This year over 2,000 large yachts operated along the Italian coasts
Rome
Plus 10% for owned boats and a substantially stable trend for chartered ones
The event "Cyber-resilience in the maritime sector: defense, regulations, and European cooperation" will be held in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
It is organized by Var Group and Confitarma
Smeup, with the acquisition of HTG, expands its portfolio in the logistics and transport sector
Erbusco
The Turin-based company specializes in the development of proprietary software
Saudi Arabian ports: Liquid bulk throughput to decline sharply in 2025
Riyadh
Total traffic fell to 298.3 million tonnes (-10.9%)
A delegation from the Lithuanian port of Klaipeda visited the port of Livorno
Livorno
In-depth comparison of their respective infrastructure development plans
New OOCL service between the Western Mediterranean and Canada
Hong Kong
Collaboration with Ocean Alliance companies and other carriers
The port's future is at the center of the event celebrating the 80th anniversary of Assosped Venezia and Asamar Veneto.
Venice
A conference on Friday will be the highlight of the festival
Increase in port workers at the ports of Monfalcone and Milazzo
Rome
Green light from the General Directorate for Ports, Logistics and Intermodality of the Ministry of the Interior.
Cargo traffic in Greek ports is sharply declining
Piraeus
Stagnation in passenger numbers
Mercitalia Shunting & Terminal has purchased eight Eurolight Dual bimodal locomotives
Rome
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
UNIPORT's public meeting will be held in Rome on October 6th.
Rome
Debate on port reform and other relevant aspects of the sector
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 22.1% last month.
Hong Kong
Total for the first eight months of 2026 unchanged
AGV Expo, a new European trade fair dedicated to self-guided vehicles, will be held in Piacenza next month.
Genoa
The event will also host a rich program of conferences
Massive transnational fraud discovered in the road haulage sector
Chieti
Illegal employment of non-EU workers
Cargo traffic at the port of Singapore decreased by -4.9% in August
Singapore
In the first eight months of 2026, the port handled 30.7 million containers (+4.2%)
Cochin Shipyard and Drydocks World to jointly develop new international ship repair center in Cochin
Mumbai
An Iranian merchant ship was hit in the Strait of Hormuz
Tehran/Southampton
One sailor died and four other crew members were injured.
In July, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +6.7%
Ravenna
A sharp decline of -21.2% is expected for August
Giulio Stoppa is the new general secretary of Trasportounito
Rome
A choice of continuity that at the same time marks the beginning of a new phase
The launching ceremony of Viking Astrea took place at the Fincantieri shipyard in Ancona
Ancona/Los Angeles
Viking's Board has authorized a share buyback program of up to $1 billion.
Meyer Werft begins construction of the Carnival Tropicale cruise ship
Papenburg
With a gross tonnage of 180,000 tons, it will be able to accommodate over 6,000 passengers.
VTG sells its UK subsidiary VTG Rail UK to pension fund USS
Hamburg
The company operates in the railway freight wagon leasing sector.
The Genoa Coast Guard reaches its 100th Port State Control inspection of 2026.
Genoa
More than 250 deficiencies have been detected so far
ABB and Oceanly collaborate to integrate and optimize ship performance and operations
Genoa
Strategic agreement between Federlogistica and the Port of Xiamen
Genoa
Feasibility study for a maritime connection between the Chinese port and Genoa
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles remained stable in August
Los Angeles
The increase in empty garages has offset the decrease in full ones
Gulftainer to acquire stake in Thailand's Suksawat Terminal
Sharjah/Bangkok
It is located on the Chao Phraya River, in Bangkok
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