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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXIII - Number 3/2005 - MARCH 2005

Porti

Le operazioni della APM Terminals nel mercato cinese

Nella sua qualità di società globale dotata di piani di espansione intraprendenti, la APMT (APM Terminals) sta lasciando il segno e si sta assicurando nuove operazioni in tutto il mondo agendo nella massima regolarità. Con un tasso medio di crescita annuo superiore al 30%. I principali porti containerizzati della Cina probabilmente offrono alla società il maggior numero di potenziali investimenti terminalistici per l'immediato futuro. Data la recente liberalizzazione mercato terminalistico, dopo l'ingresso della Cina continentale nella World Trade Organization, i prezzi in offerta sono divenuti sempre più allettanti.

Nel 2004, la società si è assicurata nuove operazioni presso i porti di Dalian e di Xiamen e ha infranto tutti i precedenti record in termini di volumi e risultati nel suo primo anno completo di operazioni nell'ambito della fase 4 del Waogaqiao di Shanghai. Tuttavia, lo APMT non è un nuovo arrivato per il mercato dei porti cinesi, essendo stato un pioniere della prima fase dello Yantian International Container Terminal nel 1993.

"La nostra strategia è completamente manovrata dalla domanda dei nostri clienti, caricatori e compagnie di navigazione. A metà degli anni '90, abbiamo rilevato un certo numero di partecipazioni di minoranza in Cina, ma ultimamente siamo entrati in accordi di tipo diverso che prevedono un ruolo maggiormente impegnativo sia dal punto di vista operativo che da quello della gestione" spiega Richard Nicholson, vice presidente della APMT per il continente cinese. Oltre al fatto che ovviamente il gruppo AP Møller-Maersk dispone delle risorse necessarie per intraprendere e gestire la nuova espansione a livello globale, il quadro normativo portuale in fase di mutamento in Cina ha agevolato la APMT.

Riflette Nicholson: "Un notevole cambiamento è avvenuto per noi quando la nuova legge sui porti, entrata in vigore a gennaio del 2003, ha consentito agli investitori stranieri di rilevare oltre il 49% delle partecipazioni portuali. Un esempio concreto di tale cambiamento può considerarsi il nostro investimento avvenuto nel 2004 a Xiamen, uno dei porti maggiormente progrediti della Cina, nonché un posto in cui chi comanda in città lavora di pari passo con il porto al fine di assicurare servizi terminalistici di classe mondiale. Non solo la legge è cambiata, ma siamo stati in grado di sfruttarla per progettare un terminal contenitori ultramoderno". Senza dubbio, la possibilità per gli investitori stranieri di detenere una quota di maggioranza nel nuovo terminal darà loro maggiore voce in capitolo nelle operazioni e nella gestione.

E' perciò probabile che quando concluderà nuovi accordi in Cina, la APMT cercherà di assicurarsi una quota di partecipazione maggioritaria. Peraltro, non solo le leggi finanziarie sono cambiate, lo è anche l'ambiente operativo. Nicholson ha dichiarato: "Gli enti governativi un tempo gestivano i porti, emanavano la loro regolamentazione e stabilivano le tariffe. Tuttavia, negli ultimi 24 mesi si sono verificate una deregolamentazione ed un decentramento che hanno incrementato l'efficienza del settore. I governi locali sono maggiormente coinvolti e questo ingenera un ambiente più trasparente per gli operatori terminalistici".

Shanghai è considerata la "nave ammiraglia" della APMT in Cina. "Questo terminal è stato il primo al mondo ad avere movimentato 1 milione di TEU nel suo primo anno di operazioni. In effetti, lo abbiamo fatto in soli dieci mesi e mezzo, dal momento che il terminal è stato inaugurato a febbraio del 2003. Nel 2004, abbiamo triplicato quei volumi sino a quasi 3 milioni di TEU" sottolinea entusiasticamente Nicholson.

E' stato sottolineato in precedenza da parte di analisti del settore come i porti le cui operazioni vengono effettuate dalla APMT traggano grandi vantaggi dai grandi volumi della propria società gemella Maersk Sealand. Tuttavia, Nicholson è stato svelto a chiarire come le cose non stiano proprio così, specialmente in Cina, dove tutti i terminals della APMT non sono dedicati ad utenti specifici e la Maersk Sealand contribuisce con una media inferiore al 20% ai volumi del terminal contenitori. La MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company), la CMA CGM, la K Line e la Yang Ming, ad esempio, fanno tutte quante regolarmente scalo alla fase 4 del Waigaoqiao della APMT.

La APMT può essere giustamente orgogliosa delle proprie prestazioni a Shanghai, ma, data la sua capacità di 3,1 milioni di TEU, che cosa potrà fare la società terminalistica da oggi in poi? Risponde Nicholson: "E' piuttosto ironico tutto ciò; tale domanda, in ogni caso, va al cuore del fenomeno della crescita cinese. Nella maggior parte dei mega-terminals di tali dimensioni, e con questo tipo di massicci investimenti, il direttore del terminal ed i suoi investitori si mangiano le unghie per i primi sette anni, sperando di far salire i volumi sino a livelli rispettabili. A Shanghai, siamo fortunati perché li abbiamo ottenuti nel primo anno".

Un possibile scenario per la APMT consiste, naturalmente, in un investimento nella fase 2 dell'enorme progetto del porto di Yangshan, che è in fase di costruzione a 30 km dalla costa di Shanghai. I quattro ormeggi della fase 2 saranno inaugurati alla fine del 2006 e ci si aspetta che l'operatore vincitore della gara d'appalto sia annunciato nel corso di quest'anno. La Modern Terminals, la China Shipping Terminal Company, la PSA International e la P&O Ports hanno tutte quante espresso il proprio interesse per Yangshan. Quanto alla APMT, Nicholson si limita a rivelare: "Tutti gli operatori terminalistici sono interessati a Yangshan". Malgrado la risposta evasiva, di certo la APMT starà mirando al progetto.

La prima fase del porto di Yangshan dovrebbe essere inaugurata alla fine del 2005. Nicholson aggiunge altre prospettive: "Al fine di far fronte alla crescita di Shanghai, sarà necessaria la costruzione di un altro terminal più o meno ogni 12 mesi. La fase 5 di Waigaoqiao sarà inaugurata all'inizio di quest'anno. E, a medio termine, la SIPG (Shanghai International Port Group) avrà provveduto con le prime due fasi di Yangshan fino al 2008. Ciò che accadrà dopo, resta da vedersi".

Sebbene Shanghai abbia ricevuto - assai giustamente - molta attenzione da parte dell'operatore terminalistico, dalla linea di navigazione e dal settore merce negli ultimi anni, la APMT ha posato i propri occhi su altri porti in rapido sviluppo. L'interesse della società per Dalian non è stato a conoscenza di molti sino al 2004, allorquando essa ha siglato un accordo finalizzato ad effettuare investimenti nella seconda fase dello sviluppo di quel porto.

Precisa Nicholson: "Nel 2004, il porto ha movimentato 2,5 milioni di TEU - la sua capacità massima - e perciò il nostro nuovo progetto, che diventerà operativo a luglio di quest'anno, arriva al momento giusto. E' un terminal a sei ormeggi, due dei quali apriranno a luglio, seguiti da un ormeggio all'anno nei prossimi quattro anni. La bellezza di Dalian consiste nel fatto che è una delle poche baie naturali ad acque profonde in Cina, con un pescaggio di 17 metri. Si tratta dell'unica porta d'accesso per le tre principali province del nord-est cinese, Liaoning, Heilongjiang e Jilin. Tutti i carichi che escono da Harbin, Shenyang o Changchun devono muoversi attraverso Dalian".

Dalian ha tratto vantaggio dal Progetto Rivitalizzazione e Ringiovanimento del Nord-Est del governo cinese, e continuerà a farlo in futuro. La regione in precedenza rappresentava il centro cinese dell'industria pesante e dell'ingegneria, ma negli ultimi due decenni era diventata quasi una "cintura di ruggine". Nel 1978, la regione aveva contribuito per il 17% alla produzione industriale del paese, ma nel 2002 la sua percentuale era calata al solo 9%. Era stata costituita una commissione di lavoro centrale per attirare nuovi investitori nella regione ed erano stati avviati complessivamente 160 progetti di sviluppo.

Nota Nicholson: "Si è trattato di un'iniziativa a livello di governo centrale, simile alla spinta che aveva accompagnato la campagna "Vai ad ovest" diversi anni fa. Esistono incentivi fiscali per i nuovi produttori e per l'ampliamento degli impianti di produzione. Di conseguenza, abbiamo fatto registrare un incremento delle importazioni correlate alle merci pesanti ed ai macchinari, nonché per le esportazioni relative alle merci prodotte nella regione".

Di pari passo con le positive previsioni della APMT su Dalian, il governo cinese intende fare di Dalian un centro marittimo internazionale per la Cina nord-orientale entro il 2010. I volumi containerizzati che passano per il porto sono aumentati di oltre il 30% nel 2004 e per il 2010 ci si aspetta che il traffico complessivo cresca sino ad 8 milioni di TEU. Inoltre, Nicholson sottolinea che Dalian è in assoluto il porto più consapevolmente intermodale di tutti i principali scali cinesi. A differenza della maggior parte dei porti, esso dispone di una rampa ferroviaria che funziona sulla banchina ed i treni-blocco vengono effettuati da e per il nord-est. Questo fattore può solo giocare a favore del porto per quanto attiene il successo nell'attirare nuove industrie nel suo hinterland.

Oltre a Dalian, la APMT ha concentrato la propria attenzione lo scorso anno su un altro dei primi 10 porti in classifica, Xiamen. Questo porto da sempre viene strettamente correlato alle aspettative in ordine ai futuri traffici diretti tra il continente cinese e Taiwan, ma questa è una questione meramente politica che richiederà molti anni affinché venga risolta. Senza dubbio il porto sta sperimentando una crescita estremamente buona, al di là di qualsiasi possibile futuro "effetto Taiwan". Nei primi nove mesi del 2004, i risultati relativi ai containers del porto sono aumentati del 25,8% sino a 2,15 milioni di TEU.

La società fa parte di un'associazione temporanea al 50% con l'Autorità Portuale di Xiamen e sta sviluppando tre ormeggi presso il Songyu Container Terminal. I due terminal contenitori originali sono situati al centro della città, dove c'è poco spazio per ampliamenti. Sottolinea Nicholson: "Siamo stati molto felici di essere stati scelti per sviluppare Songyu e adesso abbiamo un grande progetto di costruzioni in corso. Si tratta di un sito assolutamente privo di costruzioni, proprio al di là del vecchio porto e dei quartieri centrali della città".

La zona circostante costituisce la principale regione produttiva di tessuti e capi di abbigliamento della Cina. Tutti i principali produttori di scarpe sportive - Adidas, Reebok, Converse e Nike - hanno fabbriche in loco e la Ecco ha recentemente dato inizio alle operazioni di una grande fabbrica nei pressi del porto.

Nicholson riassume il potenziale di Xiamen come una porta d'accesso internazionale: "L'aspetto davvero unico di Xiamen è rappresentato dal suo bacino d'utenza. Se si guarda un attimo la carta geografica della Cina, andando a nord di Hong Kong, oppure a sud partendo da Ningbo, si capisce come essa rappresenti la migliore opportunità. C'è un terminal fluviale a basso pescaggio nella provincia settentrionale di Fujian, a Fuzhou, ma il suo significato impallidisce rispetto a Xiamen, poiché solo le piccole navi possono attraccarvi. Xiamen ha un pescaggio naturale di 17 metri ed è sulla buona strada per diventare un centro marittimo internazionale".

Con le sue partecipazioni finanziarie in cinque dei porti containerizzati della Cina, la APMT può essere considerata uno dei principali soggetti del mercato terminalistico del paese. Peraltro, sarà interessante vedere dove la APMT investirà in futuro. Nicholson non avrebbe voluto dare indicazioni circa i futuri programmi, per il motivo che "non siamo abituati a diffondere i nostri piani di investimento per farli conoscere ai nostri concorrenti attraverso i media", ma poi ha ammesso sorridendo che "potrebbero succedere tante cose".

E' probabile che la APMT miri ad investire in porti in cui la crescita e la massa critica rappresentino i fattori principali. Continua Nicholson: "Noi valutiamo attentamente il bacino d'utenza di ciascun porto ed effettuiamo uno studio approfondito dei programmi di sviluppo del mercato locale. Spendiamo un bel po' di soldi in costi di costruzione e valutiamo i potenziali proventi che possano pareggiare tali costi. E' altresì decisivo riuscire a comprendere le esigenze del mercato. Riguardo a Dalian, abbiamo parlato con la BMW in ordine alla crescita dei loro risultati nei prossimi 20 anni, nonché con la Audi/VW per quello che attiene Changchun. Anche se parliamo con i vettori marittimi, tutto in realtà prende il via dai caricatori e sapere qual è la loro crescita prevista costituisce la nostra spinta primaria".

Oltre ai solidi progetti di espansione a Yantian e Qingdao, rispettivamente il secondo e terzo porto cinese, la APMT potrebbe puntare senz'altro ad altre opportunità altrove in Cina e continuerà ad essere un importante operatore nel mercato terminalistico cinese, sebbene occorra ricordare che la concorrenza è dura e lo sarà ancora di più. Ciononostante, finora essa si è accaparrata alcune delle portate più appetitose dal piatto cinese.
(da: Containerisation International, febbraio 2005)




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DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
Hapag-Lloyd to reorganize services in the Adriatic
Hamburg
The port of Ancona, removed from the ADX line, will continue to be served by the IAS service
Eleven nominations for the eighteenth edition of the ESPO Award
Brussels
This year's theme is dual-use port-city projects
Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings signs agreement with COSCO Shipping Bulk for 125 new vessels
Sandefjord
Advanced hull performance solutions will be implemented
Maersk issues first order for new containers produced in India
Copenhagen
Local production has been stimulated by the introduction of incentives
Last May, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna grew by +3.4%
Ravenna
An increase of +10.6% is expected in June
Sardinia's Port Authority spent approximately €157 million in PNRR funds
Cagliari
Achievement of the targets expected by June 30, 2026
Hannibal will inaugurate a new intermodal service from Melzo to Rotterdam Europoort on July 8th.
Melzo
Six weekly trains are scheduled that will be able to carry up to 38 cargo units
PSA to build and operate container terminal at Vietnam's Lach Huyen port
Singapore
Agreement with Lach Huyen International Logistics & Industrial Park
Sandro Bucchioni and Andrea Fontana confirmed as presidents of the La Spezia freight forwarders and maritime agents.
La Spezia
New two-year mandate
Konecranes has acquired the nuclear and port services segment of Spain's Coapsa.
Hyvinkää
The company has an annual turnover of approximately four million euros.
PSA Italy presented its 2025 Sustainability Report
Genoa
The document highlights, among other things, the employment data and the economic impact on the territory
The Central-Northern Adriatic Port Authority confirms the completion of the projects financed by the PNRR
Ravenna
Mirco Carloni has taken office as president of the Central Adriatic Port System Authority.
Ancona
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new PCTC Grande Oriente
Naples
It will be placed on the Asia-Europe route
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
World's first floating fusion reactor-powered vessel could become reality with new project
(Interesting Engineering)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Central Adriatic Port Authority announces that it has achieved its objectives under the PNRR
Ancona
Port of La Spezia: 60 Sea Log workers rehired by other port companies
La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP): very satisfied with the positive conclusion of this dispute
A workshop on cold ironing and related risks and insurance solutions will be held in London.
London
Rossi (ADVANT-Nctm): effective infrastructure development must necessarily take into account legal and insurance aspects
Fincantieri signs an agreement in Albania for shipbuilding training.
Trieste
Skills development for the growth of the new Pashaliman naval industrial hub
Reorganization of ro-pax traffic areas in the port of Catania
Catania
Ferries will no longer be moored on the central jetty or along the eastern breakwater
Maersk raises fiscal 2026 forecast
Copenhagen
Continued growth in demand for containerized shipping and increased spot rates
Green light for the awarding of railway shunting services in the ports of Savona and Vado
New trucking area in the port of Genoa
The Italian Ports Association will hold its assembly in Naples on Wednesday.
Rome
The discussion on port governance reform will be at the heart of the proceedings.
Registration for seafarers' registers is now open to non-EU citizens residing in Italy.
Genoa
Vidotto (Foundation of the Italian Merchant Marine Academy): a step towards civilization
Project to build shipyard in Tartous port expected to accelerate
Damascus
Meeting between a delegation from Kuzey Star Shipyard and the leaders of the Syrian General Authority for Ports and Customs
Port of Gioia Tauro: Work to reactivate hauling and launching operations has been completed.
Gioia Tauro
These operations had been at a standstill since 2024
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will take place in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
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