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13 November 2024 - Year XXVIII
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXV - Number 6/2007 - JUNE 2007

Commercio internazionale

Chongqing: la posizione geografica quale punto di forza

Chongqing reclama la qualifica di più grande città del mondo, essendo ufficialmente il domicilio di una popolazione di 32 milioni di persone, sebbene un gran numero di esse vivano all'esterno dell'area urbana nella circostante municipalità.

Si tratta della quarta municipalità della Cina sotto la diretta supervisione del governo centrale dopo Shanghai, Tianjin e Shenzhen; essa spera di trarre vantaggio dalla propria localizzazione strategica sull'alto corso dello Yangtze.

Secondo He Jiangyu, direttore vicario del dipartimento promozione investimenti nel comprensorio interno presso la Commissione Commercio Estero e Relazioni Economiche di Chongqing, la città ha già un brillante futuro.

"Con una popolazione di oltre 30 milioni di persone ed un PIL lo scorso anno pari a 348 miliardi di Rmb (45,2 miliardi di dollari USA), Chongqing è attualmente la capitale economica ed industriale della regione, con un certo numero di industrie strategiche ben sviluppate" afferma.

"Fra loro si annoverano impianti di assemblaggio di automobili, di tecnologia informatica, di telecomunicazioni ed industrie chimiche, così come industrie pesanti.

Gli investimenti esteri hanno già raggiunto gli 1,1 miliardi di dollari USA, mentre il commercio estero lo scorso anno ha raggiunto i 42 miliardi di Rmb.

Per il 2010 speriamo di incrementare il PIL sino a 500 miliardi di Rmb, in parte mediante l'incremento del valore del commercio estero sino a 80 miliardi di Rmb.

Il nostro obiettivo è quello di cercare di mantenere oltre il 10% la crescita del PIL nei prossimi cinque anni".

Allo scopo di conseguire tali obiettivi, la città è intenzionata a spendere una grossa cifra, migliorando in modo esauriente i risultati in termini di carichi trasportati della città e rendendola più attraente per gli investitori stranieri.

"Stiamo innalzando il profilo della città e stiamo creando un ambiente d'investimento favorevole al fine di continuare ad attirare investimenti stranieri diretti" continua la He.

A testimonianza del successo di questa strategia, qualcosa come 27 delle prime 500 ditte a livello mondiale hanno istituito una presenza a Chongqing e la città è ora la quarta località maggiormente attraente per gli investimenti stranieri diretti dopo Pechino, Shanghai e Shenzhen.

Infatti, dato l'impegno del governo per il fiume Yangtze e la posizione di Chongqing quale centro regionale della politica governativa del "vai ad ovest", la città sembra pronta a diventare un importante hub logistico per la Cina sud-occidentale.

Al cuore della fascia economica della regione, Chongqing è a cavallo di un'idrovia che collega 11 province e distretti municipali, fungendo da perno per i 400 milioni di persone che abitano la regione.

"Unitamente al Ministero delle Comunicazioni, stiamo cercando di realizzare le reti ferroviarie ed autostradali allo scopo di consegnare all'esterno la produzione della provincia occidentale" spiega la He.

Secondo il citato Ministero, entro il 2010 la rete locale di superstrade attorno a Chongqing avrà dimensioni pari a tre volte quelle attuali e ci si aspetta che il porto di Chongqing possa disporre di una capacità produttiva di 1,2 milioni di TEU.

Chongqing si trova nei pressi di una trentina di idrovie dalle dimensioni navigabili; è stata programmata la costruzione di un centinaio di porti fluviali e tra loro 15 avranno una capacità annua di 500.000 tonnellate; 12 di loro dovrebbero essere situati sulla rotta primaria del fiume Yangtze.

Attraverso la chiusa sulla diga delle Tre Gole, navi sino a 10.000 tonnellate saranno in grado di raggiungere Chongqing dalla costa.

Il governo di Chongqing, peraltro, spera che i traffici siano anche relativamente equilibrati.

"Certamente c'è anche il potenziale per i traffici a doppio senso" aggiunge la He, e con lo sviluppo dei progetti infrastrutturali che collegano la Cina al sud-est asiatico via Yunnan - nonché lo sviluppo della zona franca cinese ASEAN - sembra infatti che Chongqing possa costituire una scorciatoia per i produttori dello Yangtze che sperano di spedire i propri carichi alla volta del sud-est asiatico senza passare dagli intasati porti della costa.

Come spiega la He, "esiste certamente il potenziale perché Yunnan rappresenti una rotta di consegna in uscita da Chongqing nel sud-est asiatico.

Infatti, stiamo già assistendo alla consegna di motociclette e prodotti dell'industria leggera attraverso Yunnan in Vietnam ed oltre.

Peraltro, il collegamento tra Yunnan e Chongqing ha ancora bisogno di essere migliorato affinché la direttrice possa essere davvero aperta.

Ciò sarà possibile mediante il completamento della nuova rete intermodale ferroviaria che quel corridoio potrebbe aprire maggiormente".
(da: Cargo Systems, maggio 2007, pag. 36)




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