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07 May 2024 - Year XXVIII
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXV - Number 7/2007 - JULY 2007

Studi e ricerche

Le unità per carichi secchi: un caso speciale

Sebbene la maggior parte dei tipi di box speciali per carichi secchi esistano sin dall’alba della containerizzazione, oltre 40 anni fa, il loro tasso di crescita della flotta complessivo è stato alquanto scialbo negli ultimi anni.

Il loro conto in termini di TEU è cambiato molto poco dalla fine degli anni ’90, avendo raggiunto un picco di 800.000 TEU secondo i dati appena pubblicati dall’ultima indagine annuale sulla popolazione dei contenitori condotta da Containerisation International, la "Analisi di mercato: censimento mondiale dei contenitori 2007".

In confronto, le componenti standard e reefer della flotta mondiale sono cresciute ciascuna (in termini di TEU) del 60% nel corso dei sei anni che vanno sino alla metà del 2006.

La componente degli speciali marittimi per carichi secchi si è ampliata in misura trascurabile (sotto l’1% quanto a TEU) nel corso del medesimo periodo di sei anni, rappresentando così una percentuale inferiore al 4% di tutti i TEU marittimi in servizio.

Si tratta del punto più basso di tutti i tempi, in contrasto con la sua situazione negli anni ’90.

Sebbene già allora la flotta degli speciali per carichi secchi stesse già perdendo quote di TEU, riusciva ancora a gestire una crescita da sotto i 500.000 TEU del 1990 ai quasi 800.000 TEU alla fine del decennio.

Gran parte di tale incremento è avvenuto dalla metà alla fine degli anni ’90, allorquando la flotta costituiva oltre il 6% del totale globale.

In quel momento, anche le ditte di noleggio possedevano una quota maggiore (45%) di TEU speciali, rispetto all’appena 35% fatto registrare alla metà del 2006.

La produzione globale degli speciali per carichi secchi allo stesso modo ha avuto il suo periodo di punta nel corso degli anni ’90, e ha avuto una ripresa solo negli ultimissimi anni a causa della crescente necessità di sostituzione dell’equipaggiamento.

La flotta degli speciali ha già un’età molto maggiore di quella delle proprie controparti standard e reefer, così come della maggior parte dell’equipaggiamento di box locali.

Ed alcuni tipi non vengono sostituiti del tutto, il che comporta la produzione di un varietà minore di tipi di box.

Quasi tutta la produzione recente comprende solo open-top, flatrack pieghevoli, contenitori pallet-wide cellulari o moduli militari.

La flotta complessiva degli speciali si sta, perciò, sottoponendo ad un cambiamento della propria composizione.

Molti tipi in precedenza popolari - tra cui i flatrack fissi, le piattaforme, i ventilati e l’equipaggiamento per rinfuse delle prime generazioni - sono in corso di dismissione, a causa della propria obsolescenza.

Tuttavia, la quota rilevata dai flatrack pieghevoli, dall’equipaggiamento militare e dai containers pallet-wide cellulari è in aumento (sebbene secondo ritmi notevolmente diversi).

Il box pallet-wide cellulare è sempre stato considerato come un’unità speciale nell’indagine annuale di Containerisation International a causa della sua larghezza interna (adatta ai pallet) e viene ulteriormente classificato come marittimo, piuttosto che come locale, a causa delle sue credenziali ISO esterne.

Esso non dev’essere confuso con la versione non cellulare (e non ISO) che viene classificata separatamente come tipo locale.

La flotta di speciali per carichi secchi è ancora dominata dagli open-top, che rappresentano oltre il 30% di tutti i TEU, malgrado essi siano in diminuzione a lungo termine dal punto di vista numerico.

Il flatrack pieghevole viene subito dopo quale tipo più comune, costituendo più del 20% del totale, seguito dall’unità cellulare pallet-wide, che comprende il 15%.

La grande maggioranza dei containers cellulari pallet-wide sono di 40 piedi o lunghezza maggiore, nonché di altezza high-cube (9 piedi o 9 piedi e 6 pollici).

Sebbene anche la maggior parte degli open-top e dei flatrack pieghevoli siano lunghi 40 piedi (in termini di TEU), ben pochi sono più alti di 8 piedi e 6 pollici.

Il contenitore open-top svolge ancora un ruolo importante grazie alla propria capacità di trasportare merce "scomoda", ma sta gradualmente perdendo terreno a favore del più flessibile (anche se più costoso) flatrack pieghevole.

Quest’ultimo è anche utilizzato per trasportare consegne fuori sagoma di varia natura quale legname, veicoli e carichi eccezionali.

Il container pallet-wide cellulare, combinando la larghezza interna metrica adatta ai pallet con la struttura esterna ISO, è adatto all’uso nei traffici marittimi europei a corto raggio ed in altri mercati regionali, tra cui l’Australia, l’Africa ed alcune zone dell’Asia, dove deve fare concorrenza al trasporto terrestre.

La maggior parte dell’altro equipaggiamento speciale è di lunghezza pari a 20 piedi, il che riflette la propria struttura più vecchia della flotta ed il suo ruolo originale.

La sola componente moderna è la flotta in fase di relativamente rapida espansione dei containers "militari", che includono unità apribili lateralmente, quelle completamente pieghevoli ed i tipi "multi-unità".

La maggior parte degli speciali militari ISO sono lunghi 20 piedi ed alti 8 piedi e 6 pollici (o meno).

Essi rappresentano altresì il 15% (in aumento) del conteggio globale dei TEU speciali e sono aumentati di numero a causa dei conflitti in Iraq ed Afghanistan (sebbene questi teatri operativi abbiano altresì assorbito un numero enorme di box standard usati).

Al contrario, la maggior parte degli altri equipaggiamenti che ricadono nella flotta degli speciali per carichi secchi appartengono adesso a tipi meno popolari.

Il conto combinato dei flatrack fissi e dei contenitori piattaforma è meno significativo (oltre l’8% della flotta complessiva degli speciali), ma negli ultimi cinque anni è andato stabilmente in calo, tanto che oggi quasi non se ne costruiscono più.

Inoltre, molti dei restanti flatrack fissi sono altresì di costruzione "militare" più recente, e questa componente non sta diminuendo così rapidamente come la parte più vecchia impiegata commercialmente.

Il conto delle piattaforme è diminuito particolarmente alla svelta nei tre anni che vanno sino alla metà del 2006, perdendo un terzo delle proprie dimensioni in termini di TEU.

Parte di tale perdita è stata compensata dalla crescita delle dimensioni della flotta globale di flatrack pieghevoli, sebbene oggi vengano impiegati complessivamente meno flatrack/piattaforme rispetto a quanto non lo fossero negli anni ’90.

Ciò può essere in parte attribuito ai cambiamenti nel modo in cui i traffici ro-ro vengono movimentati, così come alla crescente tendenza da parte dei vettori marittimi a lungo raggio ad utilizzare box standard per tutti i tipi di carico, quando ciò sia possibile.

Anche la flotta degli open-top è diminuita di oltre il 20% negli ultimi sei anni, mentre in precedenza aveva raggiunto il suo punto culminante a 300.000 TEU.

Tuttavia, essa si è comportata notevolmente meglio dei contenitori ventilati, la flotta dei quali (composta in prevalenza da unità da 20 piedi) si è più che dimezzata, scendendo fin sotto i 15.000 TEU, nei tre anni che vanno fino alla metà del 2006.

Anche questa unità è stata popolare fino alla metà degli anni ’90, allorquando cominciarono ad emergere i problemi correlati all’elevata manutenzione che essa richiede e gli utenti finali si rivolsero sempre di più all’uso di equipaggiamento standard modificato.

Anche la disponibilità di formule di essiccamento migliorate ebbe conseguenze sul settore in questione.

Una linea di tendenza simile ha comportato effetti sul contenitore dedicato alle rinfuse, la cui flotta è rimasta statica (a circa 25.000 TEU) per più di un decennio.

Ciò contrasta drasticamente con la notevole crescita delle spedizioni containerizzate delle rinfuse secche, che si stima rappresentino oltre il 10% di tutti i traffici di box globali.

Tuttavia, quasi tutto viene trasportato in equipaggiamento standard, adattato al trasporto di rinfuse mediante l’inserimento di sacchi di plastica resistente.

I contenitori dedicate alle rinfuse sono adesso utilizzati solamente in specifici traffici infra-europei, laddove la costruzione pallet-wide regionale da 30 piedi rappresenta la norma.

Malgrado la relativa carenza di domanda di contenitori convenzionali per rinfuse, la flotta integrativa di equipaggiamento da silos più caro cresce stabilmente, sebbene il suo conto complessivo rimanga molto piccolo, costituendo appena poco più dell’1% del totale degli speciali.

Il contenitore per rinfuse da silo è più simile ad un contenitore cisterna (per rinfuse liquide), data la sua costruzione secondo elevate specifiche in acciaio inossidabile.

Esso è progettato specificamente per il trasporto di derrate secche alla rinfusa di valore elevato, dove il rischio di contaminazione dev’essere minimizzato; si tratta di un equipaggiamento tra i più costosi con cui effettuare operazioni nell’ambito della flotta degli speciali.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2007, pag. 55)



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Maersk warns that the expansion of the crisis area in the Middle East increases shipping costs
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COSCO activates an e-commerce system to provide spare parts and services to the naval sector
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Joint venture of Autamarocchi and Cosulich for logistics on rubber at the service of the steel industry
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Iran announces release of crew of container ship MSC Aries
Tehran
Foreign Minister confirms that seamen from the seized ship will be allowed to leave the country.
Merlo (Federlogistics) relaunches the alarm over the impact of the bridge over the Strait of Messina on naval traffic
Palermo
In the first three months of this year, maritime traffic in the Bosphorus Strait increased by 9.3%
In the first three months of this year, maritime traffic in the Bosphorus Strait increased by 9.3%
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7.0% increase in the operating costs of containerized shipping
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings scores record results for first quarter
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Miami
Also recorded is the highest level of bookings ever
In the first three months of this year, Chinese ports have handled 76.7 million containers (+ 10.0%)
Beijing
The overall traffic of goods with foreign has grown by 9.5%
Of the 80 billion needed investment in EU ports in the next decade, a relevant quota is for the energy transition
Brussels
Indispensable public funding in order to be able to implement planned projects
In the first three months of 2024, China's COSCO Shipowners Group Revenues rose again.
In the first three months of 2024, China's COSCO Shipowners Group Revenues rose again.
Shanghai
In sensitive growth (+ 10.5%) containerized cargoes carried by the fleet with the exception of those on the Asia-Europe route (-9.2%)
In resumption of container traffic in the terminals of Eurogate-Contship Italia in the last quarter of 2023
In resumption of container traffic in the terminals of Eurogate-Contship Italia in the last quarter of 2023
Hamburg
Decline in eventful volumes in Germany. Growth in Italy and activity records in Tanger terminals Med and Limassol
In the first three months of 2024, container traffic handled by COSCO Shipping Ports increased by 9.2%
Hong Kong
Revenue up 1.4%
ECSA, well the EU production target of 40% relatively to clean fuel for shipping
Brussels
Raptis : We will work to ensure that this benchmark translates into immediate actions
Port Marghera, okay to renewal of concession at Terminal Intermodal Venice
Venice
It will expire in 2050. Approved the 2023 budget of the AdSP of the Northern Adriatic
In the first quarter of 2024 container traffic in the port terminals of China's CMPort grew by 9.0%
Hong Kong
Exceptional first quarter of year for Royal Caribbean Cruises
Exceptional first quarter of year for Royal Caribbean Cruises
Miami
Historic record of passengers embarked. Spike in economic performance for the period. Liberty : The one in progress is the best wave season in history
In the third quarter of 2023 the traffic in goods in EU ports decreased by -6.5%
Luxembourg
The loads at landing and boarding dropped by -7.2% and -5.4%, respectively.
The performance of Bureau Veritas in the shipping and offshore sector is growing.
Paris
Record of order book and fleet value in class
Approved the 2023 consuntive budget of the AdSP of the Northern Tirreno Sea
Livorno
Last year the number of port workers in Livorno and Piombino decreased by 46 units by falling to 1,767, of which 1,499 were operating (1,632 in 2022) and 268 administrative (181)
The MSC Group presents an offer to buy the Gram Car Carriers, the world's third largest carrier in the PCTC segment
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Oslo
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Marseille
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HHLA will acquire 51% of the capital of Austrian intermodal transport company Roland Spedition
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Hamburg
Its network connects ports in Hamburg, Antwerp, Bremerhaven, Koper, Rotterdam and Trieste.
Kuehne + Nagel's downward trend in economic performance continues.
Kuehne + Nagel's downward trend in economic performance continues.
Schindellegi
In growth the handling of volumes of sea and air shipments
ESPO points out issues to be addressed in order to enable European ports to face the next challenges
Brussels
Memorandum in view of the European elections in June
The Port of Barcelona has established new historical records of monthly and quarterly container traffic
The Port of Barcelona has established new historical records of monthly and quarterly container traffic
Barcelona
As of March 2024, 348mila teu (+ 34.3%) were handled, of which 154mila in transshipment (+ 63.9%) and 194mila in import-export (+ 17.4%)
Fincantieri has delivered the new cruise ship Queen Anne to Cunard
Monfalcone
Concordate with Princess Cruises the postponement of the delivery of the Star Princess
International shipping associations call for help at U.N. to protect shipping
London
Solicited a greater military presence, missions and patrols. The world-they write in a letter to Guterres-would be outraged if four airliners were seized.
In February, shipping traffic in the Suez Canal declined by -42.8% percent.
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Net tonnage of the naviglio down -59.8% percent. Drastic reduction of -53% of the value of transit fees
The World Shipping Council points to the EU the way to support the economy and trade
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Brønnøysund / Gursken
Order of Torghatten company at the shipyard Myklebust
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Rotterdam
Strong increase (+ 29.0%) of feeder ships departing from the Dutch stopover to the Mediterranean ports
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Round table with representatives of the institutions of the European Union
ICTSI recorded record quarterly economic performance
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Speeding up the times to make the port of the Spezia and its retroport the first ZFD
The Spezia
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Air and passenger routing service in the ports of Olbia and Gulf Aranci
Cagliari
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Decision to drop -15.1% percent of goods in the port of Taranto in the first quarter
Taranto
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Padova
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Safaga
Ten naval units will be carried out for Suez Canal Authority
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
New Italy-Libya-Egypt service of Tarros and Messina
The Spezia / Genoa
It will be inaugurated in mid-June and made with two ships
Tomorrow PSA Venice will open the Venetian terminal to the port community and the city
Venice
Hannibal plans to activate a rail link between Italy, Hungary and Romania
Melzo
Two weekly rotations will be inaugurated by the end of 2024.
Approved the 2023 consuntive budget of the Central Tirreno's AdSP
Naples
Annunziata : the coming years, fundamentals to finalise the European investment of the PNRR
Sensitive increase in the production and sale of CIMC dry boxes
Hong Kong
Chinese firm responds to growth in demand
Approved the consuntive budget 2023 of the AdSP of the South Tyrrhenic and Ionian
Joy Tauro
May 6 meeting at MIT on the future of the Gioia Tauro Port Agency
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The Spezia
In the year new investments of around 17 million euros
Cargotec's quarterly net profit to 81.2 million (+ 11.8%)
Helsinki
In the first three months of 2024, revenues fell by -1.7% percent.
The negative trend of the economic performance of the ONE continues, less marked.
The negative trend of the economic performance of the ONE continues, less marked.
Singapore
In the first three months of 2024 the goods in containers carried by the fleet increased by 15.6%
The Genovese Messina has taken delivery of the largest ship in its fleet
Genoa
The "Jolly Verde" is a 6,300-teu container ship
The inclusion of the Civitavecchia port in the Core network of the TEN-T network is final.
Cyvitavecchia
On Wednesday the OK of the European Parliament
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Vienna
Revenue in decline of -1.8%
Sustained quarterly growth of new orders acquired by Wärtsilä
Helsinki
In the first three months of this year, the group's revenues fell by -9.8% percent.
DIS orders two more new tankers LR1
Luxamburgo
New commits at the Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding Co.
An MSC container ship targeted with missiles and drones in the Gulf of Aden
San'a ' /Portsmouth
No damage to the ship and crew
Approved the consuntive budget 2023 of the Central Adriatic AdSP
Ancona
In the first quarter of 2024 the orders of port means produced by Konecranes fell by -51.6%
Hyvinkää
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the multipurpose ro-ro Great Abidjan
Naples
It is the fourth of six class ships "G5"
Baltimore attributes to owner and operator of the ship Dali the blame for the collapse of the Key Bridge
Baltimore
They would have been established dysfunction to the power supply on board that would cause a blackout
Grimaldi and IMAT have renewed the five-year agreement for the training of crews
Castel Volturno
Focus on new technologies installed on board ships
The quarterly economic performance of DSV is still declining
Hedehusene
In the first quarter of this year, the value of net profit decreased by -27.2%
Approved the consuntive budget 2023 of the AdSP of the Sardinia Sea
Cagliari
An administration surplus of 530 million euros, of which more than 475 tied for works in progress
US imports of dangerous goods have been penalized during the pandemic.
Washington
Survey by the Government Accountability Office
In 2023 CEPIM-Parma's Interport recorded a growth of 6.8% of the value of production
Bianconese of Fontevivo
Net profit di788mila euro (+ 223.2%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Tomorrow in Livorno a conference on the history of the city port
Livorno
It will be talked about architecture, trade and politics between the XVI and the twentieth century
On April 11, the sixth edition of the "Italian Port Days" will begin.
Rome
Also this year the project has been divided into two sessions : the first in the spring and the second from September 20 to October 20
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'
(Reuters)
Le transport maritime national navigue à vue
(Aujourd'hui Le Maroc)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
Roma, 27 ottobre 2023
››› File
In the first quarter of 2024, UPS Group revenues fell by -5.3%
Atlanta
Net profit down -41.3%
Grendi has perfected the purchase of the ship Wedellsborg
Milan
It will be renamed with the name of "Grenching Futura"
Grimaldi consolidates its presence in China with new headquarters in Shanghai
Naples / Shanghai
Inaugurates the offices of the Grimaldi Shipping Agency Shanghai
Approved the 2023 consuntive budget of the Western Ligure Sea AdSP
Genoa
The new endowment of the institution's organic plant provides for 50 hires, including three managerial positions
First plant for the distribution of LNG and GNC to vehicles in the port of La Spezia
The Spezia
It has been installed in Stagnoni locations
Agreement between MSC, MSC Foundation and Mercy Ships for the construction of a new hospital ship
Geneva / Lindale
Tomorrow in Livorno a conference on the history of the city port
Livorno
It will be talked about architecture, trade and politics between the XVI and the twentieth century
Agreement Assshipowners-ITS Academy G. Caboto for training in the maritime, port and logistics sectors
Rome
In the first quarter of 2024, the port of Algeciras handled 1.2 million containers (+ 8.1%)
Algeciras
The traffic in overall goods increased by 3.3%
In the first three months of this year in Valencia, container port traffic grew by 12.1% percent.
Valencia
In March, the increase was 15.7% percent.
The Spezia and Carrara try to break down the bell towers and solicit cooperation at the ports of Genoa and Savona
The Spezia
Abstract : It is necessary to present itself in the market as a coordinated system
Switzerland and Switzerland cut trade between Italy and Switzerland.
Bern
In the first three months of the 2024 decline in Swiss exports. Stable imports
Port of Naples, striking of the fast ferry Island of Procida against a quay
Naples
About thirty minor injuries among passengers
Summoned for April 23 a meeting at MIT on former TCT port workers
Taranto
The unions had requested clarification on the future of the 330 members of the Taranto Port Workers Agency.
The outer Levant dock of the Arbatax port has returned fully operational
Cagliari
In August 2020 he had been shouted by the ferry "Bithia"
The Port of Los Angeles closed the first quarter with a 29.6% percent growth in container traffic
Los Angeles
Expected a continuation of the positive trend
Stable the value of ABB's revenues in the first quarter
Zurich
The new orders are down -5.0% percent. At the end of July Rosengren will leave the CEO position in Wierod
The crisis of the Cooperative Sole Workers of Porto Flavio Gioia officialized at institutions and trade unions
Salerno
USB Mare and Porti, what's going on in the port of Salerno is the result of pressure from shipowners
Euronav sells its own ship management company to Anglo-Eastern
Antwerp / Hong Kong
Manages the fleet of tanker ships of the Antwerp company
Genoa Shipbuilding Industries has acquired a submersible barge of the cargo capacity of 14,000 tonnes
Genoa
It can also be employed as a floating basin for the varo of artifacts up to 9,800 tons
Venice Cold Stores & Logistics obtains the qualification of tax warehouse for wines and sparkling
Venice
Extension of the services offered to companies in the wine sector
Gasparate urges to exempt property of interports from payment of the Imu
Nola
President of the Union Interports Reunited warned that with the PNRR construction sites the railway intermodality is at risk
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