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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 6/99 - JUNE 1999

Intermodal Transport

Passato, presente e futuro della Amtrak

"Credo fermamente nella teoria delle 100 scimmie, secondo la quale se 100 scimmie fanno la stessa cosa, allora ci sarà un cambiamento. Tutto ciò che serve è che 100 scimmie siano d'accordo, anche se queste 100 vengano prese in un contesto di 10.000 scimmie" ha dichiarato E. E. (detto Ed) Ellis, vice presidente della Mail & Express della Amtrak Intercity, nel descrivere le proprie speranze per il futuro della Amtrak Mail & Express.

Quando si pensa alla Amtrak, si pensa solo alla posta ed ai passeggeri? Beh, non del tutto. La Mail rappresenta gran parte dei carichi merci movimentati dalla Amtrak, ma il trasporto di passeggeri continuerà a restare l'attività principale della società. Tuttavia, la società ferroviaria per il trasporto di passeggeri intercity Amtrak è ora un'impresa alquanto diversa, con una meta chiara ed a breve termine: essere autosufficiente dal punto di vista finanziario entro il 2002.

La Amtrak è stata costituita nel 1971 quale fornitore di servizi di trasporto passeggeri a lungo raggio, con esclusione dei servizi di trasporto merci, dal momento che il governo federale statunitense aveva deciso che i due tipi di trasporto dovessero rimanere distinti. Proprio al fine di incoraggiare le imprese in questo senso, il Congresso degli Stati Uniti aveva approvato la concessione di finanziamenti destinati a sostituire i proventi derivanti dal trasporto passeggeri.

Allo scopo di conseguire l'autonomia finanziaria, nel 1995 la Amtrak ha elaborato un business plan strategico, il quale prevede l'utilizzazione della forza imprenditoriale dei servizi della Mail & Express quale componente-chiave. Essenzialmente, ciò ha significato l'uso delle proprietà commerciali, quali stazioni e magazzini, unitamente alle infrastrutture per le riparazioni, al fine di ingenerare proventi derivanti da attività di supporto. Tuttavia, si è dovuti poi passare ad una fase ulteriore (e ciò è avvenuto quando Ellis è entrato in scena nel 1996, v. la scheda sugli eventi-chiave della Amtrak Mail Express) che è stata quella di sviluppare sino al pieno potenziale le attività della Mail & Express allo scopo di controbilanciare le perdite comportate dalle operazioni di trasporto passeggeri. Ellis ha dichiarato di essere fiducioso circa il conseguimento di tale obiettivo. "Sviluppare le attività della Mail & Express entro il 2002 in modo da poter fare a meno dei finanziamenti statali non è un periodo di tempo troppo breve. Si può fare, e sarà fatto. La crescita delle attività è un indicatore-chiave del perché ciò si possa fare" ha affermato Ellis.

Pertanto, cosa sta facendo la Amtrak Mail & Express dal punto di vista dell'intermodalismo, e perché Ellis è fiducioso? Secondo Ellis, la Amtrak offre un prodotto intermodale veramente unico. La compagnia ferroviaria movimenta le merci agganciando diversi carri intermodali in coda ai convogli passeggeri che viaggiano a 79 miglia all'ora sulla maggior parte delle linee, e sino a 90 miglia all'ora in certi punti, e rispettano rigorosamente l'orario.

L'equipaggiamento intermodale della Amtrak consiste in una flotta di 456 unità RoadRailer, in otto carri ReeferRailer ed in otto carri refrigerati da 70 tonnellate da poco ristrutturati.

I RoadRailer sono stati immessi in servizio nel 1997 nell'ambito del disegno della Amtrak di massimizzare l'attività di trasporto merci della Mail & Express. Il servizio Trailerload Express utilizza le proprie unità bimodali ed è operativo da stazione a stazione, con accesso alle infrastrutture della Amtrak gestite sia dalla Amtrak stessa che da terzi.

AMTRAK MAIL & EXPRESS
Eventi-chiave
1971Costituzione della Amtrak come impresa di trasporto passeggeri a lungo raggio. Ricezione di finanziamenti dal governo federale.
1994Riduzione dei finanziamenti federali.
1995Destinazione di immobili commerciali e di infrastrutture per le riparazioni alle attività che contribuiscono a ingenerare proventi. Sviluppo dell'attività della Mail & Express.
1996Assunzione di E. E. (Ed) Ellis allo scopo sviluppare le attività della Mail & Express.
1997Introduzione del prodotto RoadRailer.
1997Entrate della Mail & Express pari ad 83 milioni di dollari. Secondo Ellis, crescita di mercato attorno al 19%.
1998Inizio dei servizi refrigerati. Inaugurazione del servizio intermodale da Filadelfia a Chicago. Primo servizio a raggiera su Chicago. Registrazione di una crescita a due cifre rispetto al 1997.
1999Annuncio di un programma di miglioramento dell'equipaggiamento della flotta.
2002A seguito della cessazione dei finanziamenti governativi, dovrà essere conseguita l'autosufficienza operativa.
Fonte: Amtrak Mail & Express

La Amtrak ritiene che l'unità RoadRailer sia il veicolo intermodale ideale a causa della sua bassa tara e della sua configurazione flessibile. L'equipaggiamento intermodale convenzionale consiste in un semirimorchio intermodale od in un container su pianale, che pesano dalle 35 alle 50 tonnellate. Tuttavia, una unità RoadRailer pesa solo 27 tonnellate. Ciò significa, come suggerisce la Amtrak, che essa è in grado di accogliere in modo ancora efficace le spedizioni di dimensioni tipo quelle dei semirimorchi senza compromettere la velocità od i tempi di viaggio dei treni passeggeri cui sono agganciati.

Oltre alla flotta RoadRailer, la Amtrak adopera altresì otto unità ReeferRailer per le merci che richiedono una temperatura controllata.

Nel contesto del programma di miglioramento della flotta portato a termine questa primavera, la Amtrak ha ristrutturato otto carri espressi refrigerati, di modo che possano essere utilizzati in coda ai convogli passeggeri. Le otto unità, che sono entrate in servizio nel corso del 1998, da settembre scorso vengono adoperate ad un tasso di utilizzazione prossimo al 100%.

Pertanto, la Amtrak dispone di una flotta di equipaggiamento intermodale più estesa e maggiormente flessibile. Ma quali nuovi servizi ferroviari può offrire? Ellis sostiene che "un numero in rapida crescita di caricatori sta traendo vantaggio dal servizio della Amtrak che va da Chicago a Los Angeles, il quale offre una consegna garantita in quattro giorni, per quattro giorni alla settimana. Inoltre, per la prima volta nella storia della Amtrak viene offerto un nuovo servizio negli stessi giorni da Filadelfia a Chicago. Sostiene ancora Ellis che il traffico è garantito poiché "la domanda per l'attività intermodale della Mail & Express su questa direttrice continua a crescere".

Tuttavia, non sono proprio i servizi nuovi a far registrare la crescita. La Amtrak ha assistito all'aumento della propria capacità terminalistica. Essa offre servizi terminalistici in 10 importanti città statunitensi tra cui Chicago, Los Angeles, Jacksonville (in Florida), Albany (New York) e Portland (nell'Oregon). Inoltre, ha fatto registrare un impressionante incremento del trasporto merci presso i propri magazzini di Dallas, nel Texas.

A luglio del 1997, la Amtrak ha movimentato meno di 15 carri carichi (ciascuno equivalente a tre carichi di semirimorchi), ma, alla fine del 1998, questa cifra era aumentata a più di 200 carri al mese. Ellis ritiene che ciò è stato dovuto ai caricatori che hanno tratto vantaggio dal suo servizio con consegna garantita ogni quattro giorni da Chicago a Los Angeles.

I magazzini di Dallas, gestiti dalla MCC Transport, società attiva nell'autotrasporto e nell'intermodalismo, erano in origine un'infrastruttura per la distribuzione di carichi inferiori ad un autocarro completo. Adesso Dallas è in grado di trasbordare simultaneamente sino a 14 carri al giorno.

Con l'espansione della flotta relativa all'equipaggiamento intermodale, e con l'aggiunta di altri servizi ferroviari a complemento dei suoi servizi passeggeri a lungo raggio da costa a costa, nonché con l'espansione terminalistica, Ellis confida che vi sia abbastanza crescita futura nel mercato intermodale. In relazione a tutta l'annata commerciale 1998, che è terminata il 30 settembre scorso, i proventi complessivi della Mail & Express sono stati pari a 83 milioni di dollari , con un incremento del 19% rispetto alla cifra di 73 milioni di dollari del 1997. Inoltre, l'attività di trasporto merci del 1997 ammontava a circa 40.000 carichi di semirimorchi completi, i quali di conseguenza nel 1998 sono aumentati a 87.000 carichi. Per il 1999, Ellis prevede che i proventi della Mail & Express possano crescere del 29% sino a 107 milioni di dollari, sebbene egli ammetta come "sia estremamente difficile mantenere una crescita al ritmo del 20% in una società che fondamentalmente è ancora molto burocratica".

Tuttavia, secondo Ellis, la questione è: "Quanto alla svelta può crescere la Amtrak per riuscire a riempire l'ulteriore capacità che è stata realizzata?".

La società ha già confermato che l'importante società statunitense agricola e di marketing Sunkist Growers sta programmando di utilizzare cinque dei suoi recentemente migliorati carri refrigerati allo scopo di trasportare agrumi freschi dalla Costa Occidentale degli Stati Uniti alla Costa Orientale sulla base di orari regolari.

Infatti, il mercato delle merci deperibili rappresenta un settore che la Amtrak intende "seguire con tenacia". La società ha dichiarato che questo mercato ingenera 15 miliardi di dollari di soli costi di trasporto ogni anno. "Le derrate deperibili e sensibili ai tempi costituiscono l'obiettivo primario a lungo termine della Amtrak poiché esse rappresentano uno dei trasporti a più lungo raggio possibile in tutti gli Stati Uniti" dice Ellis sull'argomento. Egli ha riferito che gli Stati dell'Unione produttori primari di merci deperibili sono il Texas e la Florida, mentre il principale mercato di consumo di questi prodotti è la Costa Orientale degli U.S.A. "Occorre far coprire una lunga distanza ad un prodotto che ha una vita molto breve" ha continuato Ellis.

La Amtrak sta inoltre mirando a prodotti più ingenti, quali arance, patate, carote, pompelmi e pere poiché "essi non richiedono molto spazio in termini di volume dentro un semirimorchio, il che significa che tre carichi di semirimorchi riempiono un carro Amtrak".

Un altro settore che a detta di Ellis potrebbe trarre particolare vantaggio dal servizio dell'Amtrak è quello del pollame fresco, che viene prodotto nel Maryland e nel Nord-Est degli Stati Uniti ma che dispone di un grosso mercato di consumo sulla Costa Occidentale U.S.A.

Ellis ha altresì confermato che la Amtrak è interessata allo viluppo della concezione FastShip. Una società con sede a Filadelfia sta proponendo un servizio transatlantico con navi in grado di viaggiare a 38 nodi al fine di assicurare un servizio sette giorni su sette da porta a porta dagli U.S.A. a città europee. Egli ha dichiarato che, dato che la Amtrak movimenta merci da costa a costa attraverso gli Stati Uniti in 66 ore, la combinazione della velocità della Amtrak lungo il continente americano con la velocità delle FastShip lungo il Nord Atlantico vorrebbe dire che le derrate deperibili e sensibili ai tempi potrebbero essere movimentate dalla Costa Occidentale U.S.A. al continente europeo nell'ambito del loro breve periodo di vita.

Non vi sono dubbi circa il fatto che il trasporto passeggeri resti l'attività principale della Amtrak. "La Mail & Express è intenzionata a fare un buon lavoro per l'attività passeggeri del gruppo, e sosterrà finanziariamente tale attività in futuro" ha detto Ellis. Un treno passeggeri della Amtrak è in grado di movimentare merci rapidamente e rispettando rigorosamente gli orari sulle lunghe distanze. Avvicinandosi il 2002, e data la necessità per la Amtrak di essere autosufficiente dal punto di vista finanziario, si vedrà presto se la Amtrak ha avuto successo in questa iniziativa.
(da: Containerisation International, maggio 1999)

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Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
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Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
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A conference on maritime engineering works and climate change in Rome on Wednesday
Rome
It will be held at the Auditorium Fondazione MAXXI
The conference "New sustainable marine fuels - Decarbonize Shipping" will be held in Genoa on Monday
Genoa
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Proposed 30% increase for port tariffs to be in phases, says Loke
(Free Malaysia Today)
Damen Mangalia Unionists Protest Friday Against Possible Closure
(The Romania Journal)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Nicola Zaccheo
Roma, 18 settembre 2024
››› File
PSA SECH has operated the first 400-meter train at Parco Ferroviario Rugna
Genoa
Capacity up to 20 pairs of trains per day
The 2024 financial statement of the Eastern Liguria Port Authority was unanimously approved
The Spice
The war clearance preparatory to the expansion of the Ravano Terminal in La Spezia is nearing completion
The Spice
The AdSP has invested over 600 thousand euros in it
Francesco Rizzo appointed president of the AdSP of the Strait
Rome
He has repeatedly denounced the uselessness of the construction of the bridge over the Strait
US aircraft attack Yemeni port of Ras Isa
Tampa/Beirut
38 dead and over a hundred injured
In 2025 Stazioni Marittime predicts an increase in ferry and cruise traffic in the port of Genoa
MIT Mobility Report Highlights Rising Demand for Both Passengers and Freight
Rome
In the first quarter, cargo traffic in Russian ports decreased by -5.6%
St. Petersburg
Both dry goods (-5.3%) and liquid bulk (-5.8%) are decreasing
Andrea Giachero confirmed as president of Spediporto
Genoa
The board of directors of the association of Genoese freight forwarders has also been renewed for the three-year period 2025-2028
Study for monitoring vehicular traffic in the ports of Venice and Chioggia
Milan
Order awarded to Circle and Arelogik
In Italy, the rail freight transport sector is in deep trouble
Geneva
Fermerci calls for making traffic incentives structural and increasing and for refinancing the incentive for the purchase of locomotives and wagons
Global Maritime Forum report on optimising ship calls to reduce emissions
Copenhagen
Virtual arrival and just-in-time arrival approaches proposed
In the first quarter of this year, container traffic in the port of Gioia Tauro grew by +15.5%
Joy Taurus
Construction of the "Dockworker’s House" has begun
GNV has taken delivery of the second of four new ro-pax vessels in China
Genoa
"GNV Orion" will be able to accommodate 1,700 passengers and transport up to 3,080 linear metres of cargo
After ten quarters of decline, container traffic in the port of Hong Kong returns to growth
Hong Kong
In the first three months of this year 3.39 million TEUs were handled (+2.1%)
Fincantieri acquires stake in WSense
Rome
The ninth FREMM unit "Spartaco Schergat" delivered to the Italian Navy
Container traffic at the ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles increased by 26.6% and 5.2% in the first quarter
Long Beach/Los Angeles
Trump's tariffs impact imminent
The new edition of the Practical Manual of Maritime Traffic has been presented
Genoa
Written by Assagenti, it turns fifty
In the first three months of 2025, the port of Singapore handled 10.5 million containers (+5.8%)
Singapore
In weight, containerized traffic recorded a decrease of -1.4%
Regulations signed for LNG bunkering at Fincantieri shipyard in Genoa
Genoa
Define the methods of transferring fuel from ship to ship
Historic shipbuilding brands Uljanik and 3.Maj on the verge of extinction
Zagreb
The State confirms its intention to sell the shipbuilding activities at the two sites of Pula and Rijeka
Cambiaso Risso has completed the acquisition of the French Somecassur
Genoa
The transalpine company specializes in the insurance of super and mega yachts
New weekly train service between the port of Gioia Tauro and Verona
Joy Taurus/Verona
Operated by Medlog for the transport of refrigerated goods
EBRD looking for strategic partner for development of Moldovan river port of Giurgiulesti
London
International competition launched
Turkish ports set new first-quarter cargo traffic record
Ankara
Historic peak of cargo imported from abroad
In the first quarter of 2025, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +37.6%
Taranto
Increase of 854 thousand tons of solid bulk and 265 thousand tons of conventional goods
DEME buys Havfram, a company that installs offshore wind farms
Second Right/Washington
Transaction worth approximately 900 million euros
Rail transport of convoys for Rome Metro started from Reggio Calabria
Rome
Contract awarded by Hitachi Rail to Mercitalia Rail
In 2024, the volumes handled by Magli Intermodal Service decreased by -2%
Rezzato
Turnover stable
Yang Ming records first decline in turnover in March after 14 months of growth
Keelung/Taipei
Evergreen and WHL revenue growth continues
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