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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVII - Number 6/99 - JUNE 1999

Intermodal Transport

Passato, presente e futuro della Amtrak

"Credo fermamente nella teoria delle 100 scimmie, secondo la quale se 100 scimmie fanno la stessa cosa, allora ci sarà un cambiamento. Tutto ciò che serve è che 100 scimmie siano d'accordo, anche se queste 100 vengano prese in un contesto di 10.000 scimmie" ha dichiarato E. E. (detto Ed) Ellis, vice presidente della Mail & Express della Amtrak Intercity, nel descrivere le proprie speranze per il futuro della Amtrak Mail & Express.

Quando si pensa alla Amtrak, si pensa solo alla posta ed ai passeggeri? Beh, non del tutto. La Mail rappresenta gran parte dei carichi merci movimentati dalla Amtrak, ma il trasporto di passeggeri continuerà a restare l'attività principale della società. Tuttavia, la società ferroviaria per il trasporto di passeggeri intercity Amtrak è ora un'impresa alquanto diversa, con una meta chiara ed a breve termine: essere autosufficiente dal punto di vista finanziario entro il 2002.

La Amtrak è stata costituita nel 1971 quale fornitore di servizi di trasporto passeggeri a lungo raggio, con esclusione dei servizi di trasporto merci, dal momento che il governo federale statunitense aveva deciso che i due tipi di trasporto dovessero rimanere distinti. Proprio al fine di incoraggiare le imprese in questo senso, il Congresso degli Stati Uniti aveva approvato la concessione di finanziamenti destinati a sostituire i proventi derivanti dal trasporto passeggeri.

Allo scopo di conseguire l'autonomia finanziaria, nel 1995 la Amtrak ha elaborato un business plan strategico, il quale prevede l'utilizzazione della forza imprenditoriale dei servizi della Mail & Express quale componente-chiave. Essenzialmente, ciò ha significato l'uso delle proprietà commerciali, quali stazioni e magazzini, unitamente alle infrastrutture per le riparazioni, al fine di ingenerare proventi derivanti da attività di supporto. Tuttavia, si è dovuti poi passare ad una fase ulteriore (e ciò è avvenuto quando Ellis è entrato in scena nel 1996, v. la scheda sugli eventi-chiave della Amtrak Mail Express) che è stata quella di sviluppare sino al pieno potenziale le attività della Mail & Express allo scopo di controbilanciare le perdite comportate dalle operazioni di trasporto passeggeri. Ellis ha dichiarato di essere fiducioso circa il conseguimento di tale obiettivo. "Sviluppare le attività della Mail & Express entro il 2002 in modo da poter fare a meno dei finanziamenti statali non è un periodo di tempo troppo breve. Si può fare, e sarà fatto. La crescita delle attività è un indicatore-chiave del perché ciò si possa fare" ha affermato Ellis.

Pertanto, cosa sta facendo la Amtrak Mail & Express dal punto di vista dell'intermodalismo, e perché Ellis è fiducioso? Secondo Ellis, la Amtrak offre un prodotto intermodale veramente unico. La compagnia ferroviaria movimenta le merci agganciando diversi carri intermodali in coda ai convogli passeggeri che viaggiano a 79 miglia all'ora sulla maggior parte delle linee, e sino a 90 miglia all'ora in certi punti, e rispettano rigorosamente l'orario.

L'equipaggiamento intermodale della Amtrak consiste in una flotta di 456 unità RoadRailer, in otto carri ReeferRailer ed in otto carri refrigerati da 70 tonnellate da poco ristrutturati.

I RoadRailer sono stati immessi in servizio nel 1997 nell'ambito del disegno della Amtrak di massimizzare l'attività di trasporto merci della Mail & Express. Il servizio Trailerload Express utilizza le proprie unità bimodali ed è operativo da stazione a stazione, con accesso alle infrastrutture della Amtrak gestite sia dalla Amtrak stessa che da terzi.

AMTRAK MAIL & EXPRESS
Eventi-chiave
1971Costituzione della Amtrak come impresa di trasporto passeggeri a lungo raggio. Ricezione di finanziamenti dal governo federale.
1994Riduzione dei finanziamenti federali.
1995Destinazione di immobili commerciali e di infrastrutture per le riparazioni alle attività che contribuiscono a ingenerare proventi. Sviluppo dell'attività della Mail & Express.
1996Assunzione di E. E. (Ed) Ellis allo scopo sviluppare le attività della Mail & Express.
1997Introduzione del prodotto RoadRailer.
1997Entrate della Mail & Express pari ad 83 milioni di dollari. Secondo Ellis, crescita di mercato attorno al 19%.
1998Inizio dei servizi refrigerati. Inaugurazione del servizio intermodale da Filadelfia a Chicago. Primo servizio a raggiera su Chicago. Registrazione di una crescita a due cifre rispetto al 1997.
1999Annuncio di un programma di miglioramento dell'equipaggiamento della flotta.
2002A seguito della cessazione dei finanziamenti governativi, dovrà essere conseguita l'autosufficienza operativa.
Fonte: Amtrak Mail & Express

La Amtrak ritiene che l'unità RoadRailer sia il veicolo intermodale ideale a causa della sua bassa tara e della sua configurazione flessibile. L'equipaggiamento intermodale convenzionale consiste in un semirimorchio intermodale od in un container su pianale, che pesano dalle 35 alle 50 tonnellate. Tuttavia, una unità RoadRailer pesa solo 27 tonnellate. Ciò significa, come suggerisce la Amtrak, che essa è in grado di accogliere in modo ancora efficace le spedizioni di dimensioni tipo quelle dei semirimorchi senza compromettere la velocità od i tempi di viaggio dei treni passeggeri cui sono agganciati.

Oltre alla flotta RoadRailer, la Amtrak adopera altresì otto unità ReeferRailer per le merci che richiedono una temperatura controllata.

Nel contesto del programma di miglioramento della flotta portato a termine questa primavera, la Amtrak ha ristrutturato otto carri espressi refrigerati, di modo che possano essere utilizzati in coda ai convogli passeggeri. Le otto unità, che sono entrate in servizio nel corso del 1998, da settembre scorso vengono adoperate ad un tasso di utilizzazione prossimo al 100%.

Pertanto, la Amtrak dispone di una flotta di equipaggiamento intermodale più estesa e maggiormente flessibile. Ma quali nuovi servizi ferroviari può offrire? Ellis sostiene che "un numero in rapida crescita di caricatori sta traendo vantaggio dal servizio della Amtrak che va da Chicago a Los Angeles, il quale offre una consegna garantita in quattro giorni, per quattro giorni alla settimana. Inoltre, per la prima volta nella storia della Amtrak viene offerto un nuovo servizio negli stessi giorni da Filadelfia a Chicago. Sostiene ancora Ellis che il traffico è garantito poiché "la domanda per l'attività intermodale della Mail & Express su questa direttrice continua a crescere".

Tuttavia, non sono proprio i servizi nuovi a far registrare la crescita. La Amtrak ha assistito all'aumento della propria capacità terminalistica. Essa offre servizi terminalistici in 10 importanti città statunitensi tra cui Chicago, Los Angeles, Jacksonville (in Florida), Albany (New York) e Portland (nell'Oregon). Inoltre, ha fatto registrare un impressionante incremento del trasporto merci presso i propri magazzini di Dallas, nel Texas.

A luglio del 1997, la Amtrak ha movimentato meno di 15 carri carichi (ciascuno equivalente a tre carichi di semirimorchi), ma, alla fine del 1998, questa cifra era aumentata a più di 200 carri al mese. Ellis ritiene che ciò è stato dovuto ai caricatori che hanno tratto vantaggio dal suo servizio con consegna garantita ogni quattro giorni da Chicago a Los Angeles.

I magazzini di Dallas, gestiti dalla MCC Transport, società attiva nell'autotrasporto e nell'intermodalismo, erano in origine un'infrastruttura per la distribuzione di carichi inferiori ad un autocarro completo. Adesso Dallas è in grado di trasbordare simultaneamente sino a 14 carri al giorno.

Con l'espansione della flotta relativa all'equipaggiamento intermodale, e con l'aggiunta di altri servizi ferroviari a complemento dei suoi servizi passeggeri a lungo raggio da costa a costa, nonché con l'espansione terminalistica, Ellis confida che vi sia abbastanza crescita futura nel mercato intermodale. In relazione a tutta l'annata commerciale 1998, che è terminata il 30 settembre scorso, i proventi complessivi della Mail & Express sono stati pari a 83 milioni di dollari , con un incremento del 19% rispetto alla cifra di 73 milioni di dollari del 1997. Inoltre, l'attività di trasporto merci del 1997 ammontava a circa 40.000 carichi di semirimorchi completi, i quali di conseguenza nel 1998 sono aumentati a 87.000 carichi. Per il 1999, Ellis prevede che i proventi della Mail & Express possano crescere del 29% sino a 107 milioni di dollari, sebbene egli ammetta come "sia estremamente difficile mantenere una crescita al ritmo del 20% in una società che fondamentalmente è ancora molto burocratica".

Tuttavia, secondo Ellis, la questione è: "Quanto alla svelta può crescere la Amtrak per riuscire a riempire l'ulteriore capacità che è stata realizzata?".

La società ha già confermato che l'importante società statunitense agricola e di marketing Sunkist Growers sta programmando di utilizzare cinque dei suoi recentemente migliorati carri refrigerati allo scopo di trasportare agrumi freschi dalla Costa Occidentale degli Stati Uniti alla Costa Orientale sulla base di orari regolari.

Infatti, il mercato delle merci deperibili rappresenta un settore che la Amtrak intende "seguire con tenacia". La società ha dichiarato che questo mercato ingenera 15 miliardi di dollari di soli costi di trasporto ogni anno. "Le derrate deperibili e sensibili ai tempi costituiscono l'obiettivo primario a lungo termine della Amtrak poiché esse rappresentano uno dei trasporti a più lungo raggio possibile in tutti gli Stati Uniti" dice Ellis sull'argomento. Egli ha riferito che gli Stati dell'Unione produttori primari di merci deperibili sono il Texas e la Florida, mentre il principale mercato di consumo di questi prodotti è la Costa Orientale degli U.S.A. "Occorre far coprire una lunga distanza ad un prodotto che ha una vita molto breve" ha continuato Ellis.

La Amtrak sta inoltre mirando a prodotti più ingenti, quali arance, patate, carote, pompelmi e pere poiché "essi non richiedono molto spazio in termini di volume dentro un semirimorchio, il che significa che tre carichi di semirimorchi riempiono un carro Amtrak".

Un altro settore che a detta di Ellis potrebbe trarre particolare vantaggio dal servizio dell'Amtrak è quello del pollame fresco, che viene prodotto nel Maryland e nel Nord-Est degli Stati Uniti ma che dispone di un grosso mercato di consumo sulla Costa Occidentale U.S.A.

Ellis ha altresì confermato che la Amtrak è interessata allo viluppo della concezione FastShip. Una società con sede a Filadelfia sta proponendo un servizio transatlantico con navi in grado di viaggiare a 38 nodi al fine di assicurare un servizio sette giorni su sette da porta a porta dagli U.S.A. a città europee. Egli ha dichiarato che, dato che la Amtrak movimenta merci da costa a costa attraverso gli Stati Uniti in 66 ore, la combinazione della velocità della Amtrak lungo il continente americano con la velocità delle FastShip lungo il Nord Atlantico vorrebbe dire che le derrate deperibili e sensibili ai tempi potrebbero essere movimentate dalla Costa Occidentale U.S.A. al continente europeo nell'ambito del loro breve periodo di vita.

Non vi sono dubbi circa il fatto che il trasporto passeggeri resti l'attività principale della Amtrak. "La Mail & Express è intenzionata a fare un buon lavoro per l'attività passeggeri del gruppo, e sosterrà finanziariamente tale attività in futuro" ha detto Ellis. Un treno passeggeri della Amtrak è in grado di movimentare merci rapidamente e rispettando rigorosamente gli orari sulle lunghe distanze. Avvicinandosi il 2002, e data la necessità per la Amtrak di essere autosufficiente dal punto di vista finanziario, si vedrà presto se la Amtrak ha avuto successo in questa iniziativa.
(da: Containerisation International, maggio 1999)

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Wedge
Net profit down 8.3%
Quarterly freight traffic increased at the ports of Algeciras and Barcelona. Valencia saw a decline.
Algeciras/Barcelona/
Valencia
Increase in containers at the Catalan port
Fincantieri signs agreement with NextGeo's reinvesting partners
Trieste
The operation is part of the development strategy in the diving segment
The update to the DPSS of the ports of Sardinia has been adopted.
Cagliari
Resolution of the Management Committee of the Port System Authority
ICTSI acquires the ATU12 and ATU18 bulk terminals at the Brazilian port of Aratu.
Sao Paulo/Manila
They will be sold by SIMPAR for approximately 355 million dollars
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Konecranes reports decline in quarterly financial performance as orders increase
Helsinki
The value of orders relating to port equipment grew by +17%
Fourteen regions are in favor and five are against the bill on port governance reform.
Rome
Rixi: Let's now continue the institutional process with the aim of achieving a balanced reform.
Kuehne+Nagel's net sales increased by 8% in the second quarter.
Schindellegi
Performance improved markedly in the air freight segment
Assagenti's management team has been renewed.
Genoa
The composition of the executive committee and the chairmen of the commissions
DP World signs preliminary agreement to build two terminals at Fujairah Port
Dubai
VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Empire buys back: After Tata, Adani can rewrite India's colonial past
(The Economic Times)
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
Konecranes announced its entry into Japan
Helsinki/Tokyo
Acquisition of 70% of Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products
Saipem wins $2 billion contract in Indonesia
Milan
Seven IMO regional coordinators have been introduced who will provide technical support to the organisation's Member States.
London
Jadrolinija has inaugurated its new fast maritime service Ancona-Zadar
Ancona/Zara
It provides five departures per week and a crossing of approximately four hours.
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