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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 7-8/2000 - JULY/AUGUST 2000

Railway Transport

La ferrovia panamense: un'alternativa al canale

"La PCRC (Panama Canal Railway) è considerata come un tesoro nazionale, realizzata - come in effetti è avvenuto - durante la corsa all'oro californiano" ha dichiarato l'attuale presidente della società, David Starling. "I nostri programmi daranno definitivamente nuova vita alla società ed annunciano una nuova era per il gruppo".

La PCRC spera che l'oro, questa volta, si materializzi sotto forma di contenitori marittimi, sebbene Starling abbia alluso alle interessanti opportunità che si presentano al momento anche sui fronti dei croceristi e dei pendolari.

Starling ha altresì sottolineato la stretta relazione esistente tra il canale e la ferrovia, una situazione che a suo parere continuerà in futuro.

"John Stevens, l'ingegnere statunitense, si servì della PCRC per contribuire alla costruzione del canale" spiega Starling. "Stiamo ristrutturando la ferrovia affinché essa diventi un complemento alle infrastrutture del canale ed al fine di aiutare Panama a svolgere compiutamente il suo ruolo di importante centro distributivo e marittimo per le Americhe".

Starling ritiene che i vettori marittimi, gli spedizionieri di merci, i terzi fornitori di logistica ed i caricatori guarderanno più favorevolmente a Panama quale centro di snodo emisferico per la distribuzione se potranno avere "accesso ad una buona gamma di opzioni di trasporto concorrenziali dal punto di vista dei costi ed efficienti".

"I porti sono stati migliorati, il canale è stato allargato e la ferrovia è in fase di rinascita" ha dichiarato. "Le nostre operazioni offriranno un servizio double-stack ad elevati volumi tra i porti del Pacifico e dell'Atlantico, Zona Franca Commerciale di Colon compresa. Saranno costruiti due piazzali ferroviari intermodali appositamente progettati ed i carichi resteranno in attesa di sdoganamento per tutta la durata del viaggio".

Il completamento del terminal containers di Balboa sulla costa del Pacifico è decisivo per il successo della PCRC. "Balboa sarà l'infrastruttura per la movimentazione dei contenitori meglio equipaggiata sulla costa occidentale dell'America Centrale e Meridionale e fornirà alle linee di navigazione una moltitudine di opzioni di rotta diverse" ha dichiarato Starling. "Dati i volumi trans-istmici di cui si parla ed alla luce dell'esperienza del MIT (Manzanillo International Terminal) sulla costa atlantica, la ferrovia appare assolutamente decisiva".

Un'opzione a disposizione dei vettori containerizzati, ad esempio, è quella che consente loro di scaricare i propri contenitori nel porto sia del Pacifico che dell'Atlantico e poi servirsi della connessione ferroviaria per movimentarli attraverso la tratta terrestre. Gli operatori di linea avrebbero inoltre la possibilità di impiegare tonnellaggio post-Panamax poiché Balboa ed il MIT hanno entrambi investito in gru a cavalletto bordo-costa al fine di movimentare tali navi.

Il dirigente, tuttavia, ha smentito l'esistenza di qualsiasi problema di concorrenza con il canale. "Noi consideriamo la PCRC come un complemento del canale e la PCA (Autorità del Canale di Panama) è d'accordo con noi" sottolinea Starling. "Dal momento che i principali porti di Panama sono in grado di movimentare il tonnellaggio post-Panamax, in realtà noi ci stiamo dando da fare allo scopo di attirare nuovo traffico di trasbordo e questo sarà un bene per tutti".

Starling, ad esempio, non ritiene che le attuali compagnie di navigazione di linea che transitano regolarmente per il canale vogliano improvvisamente rinnovare i propri regimi operativi ed impiegare il tonnellaggio post-Panamax secondo modalità di servizio dedicate ad entrambe le estremità del canale, sebbene egli ammetta che questa possa essere una possibilità.

Rodolfo Sabonge, direttore della pianificazione e del marketing della PCA, è d'accordo. "I volumi sono notevoli e la PCRC ed i porti non hanno risorse adeguate per questo tipo di operazioni" ha detto. "La PCRC avrebbe bisogno di quattro binari e poi ci vorrebbe una capacità portuale moltiplicata per cinque... la logistica ed i costi per assicurare ciò sarebbero proibitivi".

In effetti, si ritiene che la PCRC possa mettere in grado gli attuali vettori marittimi di utilizzare il canale di Panama al fine di massimizzare le proprie operazioni navali. "A causa dei problemi di visibilità e di pescaggio nella zona del canale, le navi spesso arrivano a Panama solo parzialmente cariche" spiega Clay Woodgate, uno dei direttori della Lancon, la società-holding della Mi-Jack, azionista della PCRC. "Noi possiamo contribuire a cambiare questa situazione consentendo ai vettori di caricare forse altri 200-300 contenitori sulle loro navi, migliorando così le economie di viaggio della loro tratta primaria di trasporto. Poi ci penseremmo noi a movimentare questi contenitori attraverso l'istmo per ferrovia. Dal momento che si tratta di attività aggiuntiva per i vettori, ciò potrebbe comportare un impatto finanziario significativo per loro".

Aggiunge Woodgate: "I vettori che abbiamo interpellato hanno espresso notevole interesse per il nostro progetto, tanto che abbiamo siglato un memorandum d'intesa per l'utenza con diverse compagnie di navigazione globali che hanno sede sia in Europa sia in Asia". Woodgate spera che, una volta completato il programma di costruzione, questi memorandum d'intesa possano essere convertiti in contratti sottoscritti. "E stiamo parlando di volumi assai significativi" ha detto.

Jürgen Dorfmeier, presidente della Camera Marittima di Panama, pensa che, anche se qualche traffico dovesse essere soffiato al canale, questo non minaccerebbe la sua esistenza. "I traffici containerizzati rappresentano solamente circa un terzo dell'attività della PCA e peraltro la capacità della ferrovia è limitata" ha dichiarato. In effetti, egli considera qualsiasi forma di concorrenza come una buona cosa per l'utente finale, dal momento che i prezzi resterebbero concorrenziali ed il livello dei servizi migliorerebbe.

Ovviamente, i vettori dovranno soppesare i costi relativi all'utilizzazione della PCRC - ad esempio, bisogna considerare la doppia movimentazione dei contenitori - ed i prezzi sono un argomento su cui la PCRC al momento non vuole fare commenti.

Ciò comporterà altresì conseguenze sulla capacità della società di fare concorrenza al settore dell'autotrasporto, in particolar modo per quanto attiene alla movimentazione dei carichi da e per la costa occidentale e la Zona Franca Commerciale del Canale. Tuttavia, Starling ha detto di credere che ci siano questioni più importanti di quella afferente i prezzi. "La PCRC assicura ai suoi clienti una tratta protetta che è tranquilla, ininterrotta e soprattutto sicura" ha detto. "A Panama, le strade a pedaggio sono care e vi è l'elevato rischio che gli autocarri ed i carichi vengano manomessi".

La PCRC potrebbe anche trovarsi a competere con altri programmi alternativi al canale in America Centrale se venissero finalizzati i piani relativi al collegamento da costa a costa in Nicaragua.

La PCRC perseguirà la razionalizzazione dei costi correlata alle operazioni double-stack. Starling entra dei dettagli: "La nostra strategia di servizio si basa sull'effettuazione di convogli corti e frequenti. Ciascun treno sarà composto da sei tronchi di cinque carri con una capacità di carico massima di circa 80 containers".

E la PCRC ha intenzione di offrire ai propri clienti opportunità di carico refrigerato sin dall'inizio. "Nei nostri piani originali, non avevamo in mente di farlo" afferma Woodgate "ma i nostri potenziali clienti lo hanno richiesto e così stiamo facendo ricerche relative a generatori in grado di renderlo possibile".

Si pensa che, in qualsiasi momento, vi potranno essere tre convogli presenti nel sistema, uno in ciascun terminal portuale e l'altro in viaggio. "Dapprincipio, offriremo sei servizi giornalieri in entrambe le direzioni, ma abbiamo in programma l'incremento di tale numero sino ad almeno 10 treni ed abbiamo le capacità per aumentarli sino a 16". Le stime suggeriscono che ciò darebbe alla PCRC una capacità di trasporto annua pari ad almeno 550.000 TEU.

Ci si aspetta che i tempi di viaggio attraverso l'istmo siano in media di circa un'ora e mezza e che la velocità massima dei treni sia di 95 km/h.

La società metterà altresì in rilievo la velocità ed i rapidi tempi di lavorazione del proprio equipaggiamento, secondo Starling, il quale ha spiegato che verrà adottata una concezione del tipo "spinta e traino": "Posizioneremo un locomotore a ciascun capo del treno, eliminando così la necessità di cambiarli" ha detto. Inoltre, la società intende effettuare quanto più lavoro di manutenzione ordinaria e tecnico possibile mentre hanno luogo le attività di carico/scarico della merce. Questo dovrebbe ridurre i tempi di fermo-macchina dei locomotori.

Starling si aspetta che per l'operazione completa di scarico e carico occorrano al massimo due ore, mentre l'intero ciclo da nave a nave dovrebbe essere portato a termine in circa quattro ore. Ciò, rispetto ad un tempo di viaggio di una nave nel canale di otto ore.

Inizialmente, la PCRC per il servizio utilizzerà 5 impianti di seconda mano da 300 CV della Kansas City Southern. In una seconda fase, saranno aggiunte altre cinque unità.

L'investimento della società in hardware e nuove infrastrutture è supportato dalla installazione di un sistema interamente computerizzato che si occuperà della segnalazione, della gestione del piazzale ferroviario e del tracking dei carichi e dell'equipaggiamento. Inoltre, la PCRC è intenzionata a fornire un'interfaccia elettronica tra la ferrovia ed i suoi clienti. "Laddove possibile, desideriamo che tutti i manifesti e le istruzioni di trasporto marittimo siano trasmessi elettronicamente dal momento che questo fa risparmiare tempo e denaro" afferma Starling.

Il dirigente si è dimostrato riluttante a fare commenti sui probabili volumi di traffico. "Questo davvero dipende dalle singole strategie operative dei vettori e dalla loro risposta al nuovo terminal di Balboa" dichiara Starling. "Tuttavia, dato che Panama è all'incrocio fra i traffici europei, statunitensi, asiatici e latino-americani, i numeri sembrerebbero davvero entusiasmanti".

Woodgate è assai sicuro di sé riguardo alle prospettive inerenti ai carichi, essendo stato finora pesantemente coinvolto nei programmi di sviluppo del marketing e dell'attività della società. "Ci sono ancora difficoltà, poiché non abbiamo ancora un prodotto tangibile da vendere, ma la Maersk SeaLand, la Mediterranean Shipping Company, la Hanjin Shipping, la Evergreen Line e molti altri vettori globali sono rimasti impressionati dalle nostre presentazioni e dalle opportunità che Panama permette loro quale centro di snodo distributivo".

Il dirigente ravvisa altresì opportunità di forme di collaborazione con porti ed altri fornitori di trasporto allo scopo di offrire servizi logistici a valore aggiunto. Sostiene Starling: "Stiamo lavorando come i porti alla formulazione di piani quinquennali. Per la PCRC non è una gara di velocità, bensì una maratona. La nostra attività è mirata al lungo termine".

Circa il futuro, Starling crede che non ci sia la necessità di aumentare la capacità in termini di binari. A suo giudizio, i pendolari ed i croceristi assicureranno altri proventi in aggiunta a quelli derivanti dall'attività principale, il trasporto merci.

Dal momento che i lavori sono ben avviati e che a questo si aggiunge una strategia operativa, la PCRC sembra pronta per la rinascita. I prossimi anni a venire potrebbero annunciare un'altra età dell'oro per il settore ferroviario panamense.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2000)


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CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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