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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 7-8/2000 - JULY/AUGUST 2000

Railway Transport

La ferrovia panamense: un'alternativa al canale

"La PCRC (Panama Canal Railway) è considerata come un tesoro nazionale, realizzata - come in effetti è avvenuto - durante la corsa all'oro californiano" ha dichiarato l'attuale presidente della società, David Starling. "I nostri programmi daranno definitivamente nuova vita alla società ed annunciano una nuova era per il gruppo".

La PCRC spera che l'oro, questa volta, si materializzi sotto forma di contenitori marittimi, sebbene Starling abbia alluso alle interessanti opportunità che si presentano al momento anche sui fronti dei croceristi e dei pendolari.

Starling ha altresì sottolineato la stretta relazione esistente tra il canale e la ferrovia, una situazione che a suo parere continuerà in futuro.

"John Stevens, l'ingegnere statunitense, si servì della PCRC per contribuire alla costruzione del canale" spiega Starling. "Stiamo ristrutturando la ferrovia affinché essa diventi un complemento alle infrastrutture del canale ed al fine di aiutare Panama a svolgere compiutamente il suo ruolo di importante centro distributivo e marittimo per le Americhe".

Starling ritiene che i vettori marittimi, gli spedizionieri di merci, i terzi fornitori di logistica ed i caricatori guarderanno più favorevolmente a Panama quale centro di snodo emisferico per la distribuzione se potranno avere "accesso ad una buona gamma di opzioni di trasporto concorrenziali dal punto di vista dei costi ed efficienti".

"I porti sono stati migliorati, il canale è stato allargato e la ferrovia è in fase di rinascita" ha dichiarato. "Le nostre operazioni offriranno un servizio double-stack ad elevati volumi tra i porti del Pacifico e dell'Atlantico, Zona Franca Commerciale di Colon compresa. Saranno costruiti due piazzali ferroviari intermodali appositamente progettati ed i carichi resteranno in attesa di sdoganamento per tutta la durata del viaggio".

Il completamento del terminal containers di Balboa sulla costa del Pacifico è decisivo per il successo della PCRC. "Balboa sarà l'infrastruttura per la movimentazione dei contenitori meglio equipaggiata sulla costa occidentale dell'America Centrale e Meridionale e fornirà alle linee di navigazione una moltitudine di opzioni di rotta diverse" ha dichiarato Starling. "Dati i volumi trans-istmici di cui si parla ed alla luce dell'esperienza del MIT (Manzanillo International Terminal) sulla costa atlantica, la ferrovia appare assolutamente decisiva".

Un'opzione a disposizione dei vettori containerizzati, ad esempio, è quella che consente loro di scaricare i propri contenitori nel porto sia del Pacifico che dell'Atlantico e poi servirsi della connessione ferroviaria per movimentarli attraverso la tratta terrestre. Gli operatori di linea avrebbero inoltre la possibilità di impiegare tonnellaggio post-Panamax poiché Balboa ed il MIT hanno entrambi investito in gru a cavalletto bordo-costa al fine di movimentare tali navi.

Il dirigente, tuttavia, ha smentito l'esistenza di qualsiasi problema di concorrenza con il canale. "Noi consideriamo la PCRC come un complemento del canale e la PCA (Autorità del Canale di Panama) è d'accordo con noi" sottolinea Starling. "Dal momento che i principali porti di Panama sono in grado di movimentare il tonnellaggio post-Panamax, in realtà noi ci stiamo dando da fare allo scopo di attirare nuovo traffico di trasbordo e questo sarà un bene per tutti".

Starling, ad esempio, non ritiene che le attuali compagnie di navigazione di linea che transitano regolarmente per il canale vogliano improvvisamente rinnovare i propri regimi operativi ed impiegare il tonnellaggio post-Panamax secondo modalità di servizio dedicate ad entrambe le estremità del canale, sebbene egli ammetta che questa possa essere una possibilità.

Rodolfo Sabonge, direttore della pianificazione e del marketing della PCA, è d'accordo. "I volumi sono notevoli e la PCRC ed i porti non hanno risorse adeguate per questo tipo di operazioni" ha detto. "La PCRC avrebbe bisogno di quattro binari e poi ci vorrebbe una capacità portuale moltiplicata per cinque... la logistica ed i costi per assicurare ciò sarebbero proibitivi".

In effetti, si ritiene che la PCRC possa mettere in grado gli attuali vettori marittimi di utilizzare il canale di Panama al fine di massimizzare le proprie operazioni navali. "A causa dei problemi di visibilità e di pescaggio nella zona del canale, le navi spesso arrivano a Panama solo parzialmente cariche" spiega Clay Woodgate, uno dei direttori della Lancon, la società-holding della Mi-Jack, azionista della PCRC. "Noi possiamo contribuire a cambiare questa situazione consentendo ai vettori di caricare forse altri 200-300 contenitori sulle loro navi, migliorando così le economie di viaggio della loro tratta primaria di trasporto. Poi ci penseremmo noi a movimentare questi contenitori attraverso l'istmo per ferrovia. Dal momento che si tratta di attività aggiuntiva per i vettori, ciò potrebbe comportare un impatto finanziario significativo per loro".

Aggiunge Woodgate: "I vettori che abbiamo interpellato hanno espresso notevole interesse per il nostro progetto, tanto che abbiamo siglato un memorandum d'intesa per l'utenza con diverse compagnie di navigazione globali che hanno sede sia in Europa sia in Asia". Woodgate spera che, una volta completato il programma di costruzione, questi memorandum d'intesa possano essere convertiti in contratti sottoscritti. "E stiamo parlando di volumi assai significativi" ha detto.

Jürgen Dorfmeier, presidente della Camera Marittima di Panama, pensa che, anche se qualche traffico dovesse essere soffiato al canale, questo non minaccerebbe la sua esistenza. "I traffici containerizzati rappresentano solamente circa un terzo dell'attività della PCA e peraltro la capacità della ferrovia è limitata" ha dichiarato. In effetti, egli considera qualsiasi forma di concorrenza come una buona cosa per l'utente finale, dal momento che i prezzi resterebbero concorrenziali ed il livello dei servizi migliorerebbe.

Ovviamente, i vettori dovranno soppesare i costi relativi all'utilizzazione della PCRC - ad esempio, bisogna considerare la doppia movimentazione dei contenitori - ed i prezzi sono un argomento su cui la PCRC al momento non vuole fare commenti.

Ciò comporterà altresì conseguenze sulla capacità della società di fare concorrenza al settore dell'autotrasporto, in particolar modo per quanto attiene alla movimentazione dei carichi da e per la costa occidentale e la Zona Franca Commerciale del Canale. Tuttavia, Starling ha detto di credere che ci siano questioni più importanti di quella afferente i prezzi. "La PCRC assicura ai suoi clienti una tratta protetta che è tranquilla, ininterrotta e soprattutto sicura" ha detto. "A Panama, le strade a pedaggio sono care e vi è l'elevato rischio che gli autocarri ed i carichi vengano manomessi".

La PCRC potrebbe anche trovarsi a competere con altri programmi alternativi al canale in America Centrale se venissero finalizzati i piani relativi al collegamento da costa a costa in Nicaragua.

La PCRC perseguirà la razionalizzazione dei costi correlata alle operazioni double-stack. Starling entra dei dettagli: "La nostra strategia di servizio si basa sull'effettuazione di convogli corti e frequenti. Ciascun treno sarà composto da sei tronchi di cinque carri con una capacità di carico massima di circa 80 containers".

E la PCRC ha intenzione di offrire ai propri clienti opportunità di carico refrigerato sin dall'inizio. "Nei nostri piani originali, non avevamo in mente di farlo" afferma Woodgate "ma i nostri potenziali clienti lo hanno richiesto e così stiamo facendo ricerche relative a generatori in grado di renderlo possibile".

Si pensa che, in qualsiasi momento, vi potranno essere tre convogli presenti nel sistema, uno in ciascun terminal portuale e l'altro in viaggio. "Dapprincipio, offriremo sei servizi giornalieri in entrambe le direzioni, ma abbiamo in programma l'incremento di tale numero sino ad almeno 10 treni ed abbiamo le capacità per aumentarli sino a 16". Le stime suggeriscono che ciò darebbe alla PCRC una capacità di trasporto annua pari ad almeno 550.000 TEU.

Ci si aspetta che i tempi di viaggio attraverso l'istmo siano in media di circa un'ora e mezza e che la velocità massima dei treni sia di 95 km/h.

La società metterà altresì in rilievo la velocità ed i rapidi tempi di lavorazione del proprio equipaggiamento, secondo Starling, il quale ha spiegato che verrà adottata una concezione del tipo "spinta e traino": "Posizioneremo un locomotore a ciascun capo del treno, eliminando così la necessità di cambiarli" ha detto. Inoltre, la società intende effettuare quanto più lavoro di manutenzione ordinaria e tecnico possibile mentre hanno luogo le attività di carico/scarico della merce. Questo dovrebbe ridurre i tempi di fermo-macchina dei locomotori.

Starling si aspetta che per l'operazione completa di scarico e carico occorrano al massimo due ore, mentre l'intero ciclo da nave a nave dovrebbe essere portato a termine in circa quattro ore. Ciò, rispetto ad un tempo di viaggio di una nave nel canale di otto ore.

Inizialmente, la PCRC per il servizio utilizzerà 5 impianti di seconda mano da 300 CV della Kansas City Southern. In una seconda fase, saranno aggiunte altre cinque unità.

L'investimento della società in hardware e nuove infrastrutture è supportato dalla installazione di un sistema interamente computerizzato che si occuperà della segnalazione, della gestione del piazzale ferroviario e del tracking dei carichi e dell'equipaggiamento. Inoltre, la PCRC è intenzionata a fornire un'interfaccia elettronica tra la ferrovia ed i suoi clienti. "Laddove possibile, desideriamo che tutti i manifesti e le istruzioni di trasporto marittimo siano trasmessi elettronicamente dal momento che questo fa risparmiare tempo e denaro" afferma Starling.

Il dirigente si è dimostrato riluttante a fare commenti sui probabili volumi di traffico. "Questo davvero dipende dalle singole strategie operative dei vettori e dalla loro risposta al nuovo terminal di Balboa" dichiara Starling. "Tuttavia, dato che Panama è all'incrocio fra i traffici europei, statunitensi, asiatici e latino-americani, i numeri sembrerebbero davvero entusiasmanti".

Woodgate è assai sicuro di sé riguardo alle prospettive inerenti ai carichi, essendo stato finora pesantemente coinvolto nei programmi di sviluppo del marketing e dell'attività della società. "Ci sono ancora difficoltà, poiché non abbiamo ancora un prodotto tangibile da vendere, ma la Maersk SeaLand, la Mediterranean Shipping Company, la Hanjin Shipping, la Evergreen Line e molti altri vettori globali sono rimasti impressionati dalle nostre presentazioni e dalle opportunità che Panama permette loro quale centro di snodo distributivo".

Il dirigente ravvisa altresì opportunità di forme di collaborazione con porti ed altri fornitori di trasporto allo scopo di offrire servizi logistici a valore aggiunto. Sostiene Starling: "Stiamo lavorando come i porti alla formulazione di piani quinquennali. Per la PCRC non è una gara di velocità, bensì una maratona. La nostra attività è mirata al lungo termine".

Circa il futuro, Starling crede che non ci sia la necessità di aumentare la capacità in termini di binari. A suo giudizio, i pendolari ed i croceristi assicureranno altri proventi in aggiunta a quelli derivanti dall'attività principale, il trasporto merci.

Dal momento che i lavori sono ben avviati e che a questo si aggiunge una strategia operativa, la PCRC sembra pronta per la rinascita. I prossimi anni a venire potrebbero annunciare un'altra età dell'oro per il settore ferroviario panamense.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2000)


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Milan/Hong Kong/Prague
The offer is not aimed at delisting the shares
Norovirus outbreak on second Holland America Line cruise ship
Hong Kong
65 passengers and 11 crew members of the "Westerdam" were injured.
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
SOS LOGistica, allocating only 10% of the €590 million for road transport to zero-emission vehicles is self-destructive.
Rome/Milan
Texts: talking today about a heavy BEV market that "takes off" remains a mirage
The first U212NFS submarine is being laid down at Fincantieri's Muggiano shipyard.
Trieste
The delivery of the first unit is scheduled for 2029
A new tender has been published for railway shunting in the ports of Savona and Vado Ligure.
Genoa
The tender base amount is 14.8 million euros
China's LC Logistics orders two new 11,000-TEU containerships
Hong Kong
Order with a total value of 236 million dollars
Palumbo Superyachts to build new metal shipbuilding hub in Ortona
Ortona
Concession area in the Abruzzo port
Kuehne+Nagel acquires the road transport business of German firm Lohmöller
Schindellegi
In 2024 they had generated a turnover of approximately 23.5 million euros
Fincantieri delivered the ultra-luxury cruise yacht Four Seasons I in Ancona
Trieste
The Navis Sapiens program also debuts with the ship
Rolls-Royce posts record annual financial performance
London
Revenues increased by 12.2% last year
Nearly 12 million tonnes of CO2 avoided in 2025 for vessels coated with Jotun products
Muggia
Estimated fuel cost savings of approximately $2 billion
In 2025, intermodal traffic handled by Interporto Padova amounted to 381,031 TEUs (-7.5%)
Padua
Record production value recorded
In 2025, the Nola interport handled 2,000 trains
Nola
A 50% increase is expected in 2026
A Livorno port pilot loses his life in a collision
Livorno
The dynamics of the accident are still under investigation.
Study on alternative marine fuels as potential marine pollutants and the effectiveness of response measures
Lisbon
It was commissioned by the European Maritime Safety Agency
The first in-person meeting of the international working group "Cruises & Port Cities" will take place in Taranto.
Taranto/La Spezia
Pisano (AdSP Liguria Orientale): the relationship between the city and the port is strategic, particularly in relation to cruise traffic
G20 merchandise trade trend to fluctuate in the fourth quarter of 2025
Paris
Trade in services is growing
Extension of incentives for rail freight shunting in ports
Rome
Paper (Fermerci): the sector, however, continues to suffer as demonstrated by the overall data for 2025
Saipem has been awarded a further offshore contract in Saudi Arabia
Milan
Order worth approximately 500 million dollars
MPC Container Ships revenues decreased by -4.3% in 2025
Oslo
Net income was $236.4 million (-11.4%)
The new offices of the Eastern Sicily Port Authority have been inaugurated in the port of Pozzallo.
Pozzallo
Contract worth approximately 750 thousand euros
Finmar appointed agent in Italy for United Global Ro-Ro
Genoa
Two services scheduled with stops at the port of Genoa
Contract awarded for the expansion of the San Cataldo Pier in the port of Bari
Bari
They will be carried out by the Rti Fincantieri Infrastructure Opere Marittime, Boskalis Italia, Zeta and e-Marine
The digital registry of maritime workers and the digital navigation booklet are law
Genoa
Article 11 of Legislative Decree 19/2026 establishes AGEMAR
DB Cargo plans to cut around 6,000 jobs
Berlin
Negotiations with employee representatives to begin soon
In 2025, containers transported by RCL's fleet increased by +8.8%
Bangkok
Revenues from this activity grew by +5.2%
Regarding Tardini's nomination as president of the Western Sicily Port Authority, Salvini and Schifani have (for now) buried the hatchet.
Palermo
Annual container traffic grows by 5.4% at HHLA port terminals
Hamburg
Record revenues expected at 1.76 billion euros (+9.9%)
Container traffic at the Port of New York is expected to grow by 2.3% in 2025.
New York
Significant increase in full containers for export
Politics and Assiterminal celebrate the extension of the port bonus
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: understood the value of the planning behind the reformulation of the law
Container traffic at the port of Hong Kong decreased by -3.2% in January
Hong Kong
1.13 million TEUs were handled
Costamare secures $940 million in revenue from the charter of 12 container ships
Monk
Cargo traffic at the port of Singapore grew by 13.0% last month.
Singapore
Containers amounted to 3,892,370 TEUs (+11.3%)
CMA CGM has ordered six 1,700 TEU LNG containerships from Cochin Shipyard.
Marseille
By the end of the year, the number of Indian seafarers on board the French group's ships will rise to 1,500.
Filt Cgil, meeting on the importance of Article 17 of Law 84/94
Rome
It will be held tomorrow in Rome at the Frentani Congress Center
Britta Weber has been appointed as the new chief executive officer of the Hupac Group.
Noise
He is the current vice president of UPS Healthcare for Europe and Asia.
Saipem to acquire mobile offshore drilling unit for $272.5 million
Milan
Agreement with Norwegian Deep Value Driller
The 59th edition of the San Giorgio Award will be held in Genoa on February 20th.
Genoa
The Targa San Giorgio will be awarded to Gian Enzo Duci
Filt Cgil appeals against Cartour's authorization to carry out lashing and unlashing operations.
Medlog inaugurates a logistics park at Dammam's King Abdulaziz Port
Geneva
It occupies an area of over 100 thousand square meters
Manageritalia and Assologistica sign the renewal of the Ccnl managers of the logistics
Rome
Monthly gross earnings increase at 750 Euros in three tranche
Subscribed a binding agreement for the acquisition of Qube by Macquarie Asset Management
Sydney
It was unanimously approved by the Australian logistic group Cda
Meyer Turku completed the design of a cruise ship to zero net emissions
Turku
The main fuel is biomethanol
Last year the turnover of Kalmar grew by +1%
Helsinki
Operating income, net profit and new orders in increase respective of +26%, +28% and +8%
Terminal Investment Limited puts hands on the Peruvian port of Pisco
Lima
Acquired the Portuario de Paracas Terminal
Assagenti urges a more constant and timely information on the progress of the work of the new dam of Genoa
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the Grande Michigan
Naples
It is the eighth Pure Car and Truck Carrier ammonia ready of the Neapolitan group
Meeting between the presidents of the Maritime Federation and Assoporti
Rome
Mario Mattioli and Roberto Petri addressed the main issues of the maritime cluster
Morocco's Marsa Maroc participates in the development of the port of Monrovia
Casablanca
Contract for the management of two docks and the construction of a multipurpose terminal
South Korea's Pan Ocean buys ten VLCCs from compatriot SK Shipping
Seoul
Transaction valued at approximately $668 million
Stefano Messina has been confirmed as president of Assarmatori
Rome
He will also lead the shipowners' association in the four-year period 2026-2030
Roberto Mantovanelli has been appointed Secretary General of the Northern Adriatic Port Authority.
Venice
The 2026-2028 Three-Year Operational Plan for the Ports of Venice and Chioggia has been approved.
In 2025, Albanian ports handled a record traffic of 8.2 million tons of goods (+6.2%)
Tirana
A new peak in passengers also amounted to 1.7 million units (+6.4%)
WASS (Fincantieri) has been awarded a contract by Saudi Arabia for the supply of lightweight torpedoes
Trieste
The order is worth more than 200 million euros
Oxin (Somec) awarded a major order for the construction of kitchen, pantry, catering and bar areas for two cruise ships
San Vendemiano
The value of the order is 53 million euros
Sogedim launches a daily service between Carpi and Campogalliano/England
Carpi
Daily shuttle departing from the logistics hubs of Campogalliano, Carpi and Prato
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly and annual revenue.
Athens
Profits are falling
CPPIB and OMERS are considering selling their 67% stake in Associated British Ports.
London
Maersk orders eight 18,600 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Copenhagen
Built by New Times Shipbuilding Co., they will be delivered between 2029 and 2030.
PaxOcean opens new shipyard in Singapore
Singapore
It occupies an area of 17.3 hectares
The largest container ship ever arrived in the port of Trieste
Trieste
Port of call of the "MSC Diana" which has a capacity of approximately 19,000 TEUs
Antin Infrastructure Partners acquires U.S. shipbuilder Vigor Marine Group
New York
It has shipyards in Seattle, Portland, Vancouver, San Diego and Norfolk
In 2025, Moroccan ports handled a record traffic of 262.6 million tons of goods (+8.9%)
Rabat
Transhipment equal to 50.5% of the total
Yang Ming deploys first of five 15,500 TEU dual-fuel LNG vessels on Asia-Mediterranean route
Keelung
It will be used in the MD2 service
Study highlights challenges for LNG containerships in complying with future cold ironing connection requirements
Berlin/Hamburg
Fincantieri and Wsense reach agreement to offer cutting-edge underwater systems
Trieste
Co-development of advanced wireless technology solutions planned
Study finds high levels of persistent organic pollutants caused by shipbreaking activities
Brussels
Port of Livorno: tender for ship-generated waste management begins
Livorno
The expected value of the contract is over 40 million euros
DSV revenue and profits impacted by Schenker acquisition
Copenhagen
In 2025, turnover grew by +48.0%
Wärtsilä reports significant growth in quarterly and annual results for the Marine segment
Helsinki
The Finnish group's new orders acquired in 2025 remain stable.
Dutch company Portwise has been bought by its compatriot Haskoning
Rijswijk
The company offers solutions for optimizing terminal operations through automation and electrification
Construction of the first of six container ships for Italia Marittima has begun in China.
Trieste
The ships, which will be able to use traditional fuel and methanol, will have a capacity of 2,400 TEUs
In the Strait of Hormuz, armed vessels ordered a US tanker to stop
Southampton/London
GTS announces new rail services between the port of Genoa and central and southern Italy.
Bari
Connections via the Segrate Milan terminal
Kuehne+Nagel expands CargoCity South at Frankfurt Airport
Schindellegi
A new facility will be completed and taken over at the end of 2028
The number of dual-fuel vessels employed by liner shipping lines is set to double by 2025
Washington
Currently, 74% of the order book consists of units of this type
AD Ports signs agreement to build and operate multipurpose terminal at Matadi Port
Abu Dhabi/Kinshasa
Relaunch of the Banana Deepwater Port Construction Project
Confitarma: The Revenue Agency's position risks having serious repercussions on Italian seafarers' employment.
Rome
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Filt Cgil, meeting on the importance of Article 17 of Law 84/94
Rome
It will be held tomorrow in Rome at the Frentani Congress Center
A conference on congestion in the North West logistics system will be held in Genoa on January 19th.
Genoa
It will be held at the Transparency Hall of the Liguria Region
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Auction of megaterminal in Santos may be postponed due to deadlock within the Federal Government
(A Tribuna)
East Port Said Port faces a new challenge with Europe's carbon rules for shipping
(EnterpriseAM)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Bucchioni appointed pro tempore president of the Association of Freight Forwarders of the Port of La Spezia
La Spezia
The tender for the development of the shipbuilding hub in the port of Ancona has begun.
Ancona
The AdSP Management Committee has approved the call for tenders
ONE's quarterly financial performance declines further
Singapore
The volume of containerized cargo transported by the fleet remains stable
Laura DiBella's nomination for FMC presidency has been signed.
Washington
His term will expire on June 30, 2028.
Port of Singapore saw record bunker deliveries in 2025
Singapore
PSA-MOL joint venture to manage a new ro-ro terminal
The port of Taranto was visited by a delegation from the Japanese FLOWRA
Taranto
The association brings together 21 of the main Japanese energy players
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