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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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CENTRO ITALIANO STUDI CONTAINERSYEAR XVIII - Number 7-8/2000 - JULY/AUGUST 2000

Intermodal Transport

I collegamenti intermodali del porto di Amburgo con il suo hinterland

E' la nave che va verso il carico o è il carico che viene presso la nave? Si tratta di un quesito che da anni tormenta molti operatori terminalistici, poiché esso svolge un ruolo decisivo nel determinare quanto tempo dovrebbe essere dedicato alla realizzazione di infrastrutture portuali destinate ad attirare i vettori marittimi, nonché quali risorse dovrebbero essere messe a disposizione al fine di attirare i carichi che essi cercano.

Amburgo sembra aver avuto pochi dubbi in materia, dal momento che - negli ultimi 10 anni - il porto ha investito enormi risorse nel miglioramento dei propri collegamenti con l'hinterland, senza dubbio ispirati dalla sua localizzazione geografica, giusto in prossimità di gran parte dell'Europa centro-orientale e della Scandinavia.

Una caratteristica insolita di questo porto consiste nel fatto che il suo principale operatore terminalistico, la HHLA (Hamburger Hafen und Lagerhaus-Aktiengesellschaft), che lo scorso anno ha movimentato circa due terzi del traffico containerizzato complessivo del porto presso le proprie infrastrutture di Burchardkai, Unikai e Tollerort, appartiene ancora interamente a gente di Amburgo. A differenza di altri porti, vi sono di conseguenza pochi dubbi in ordine a verso chi sia indirizzata la sua fedeltà.

Il dott. Jurgen Sorgenfrei, direttore dello sviluppo marketing ed attività della società citata, commenta: "Chiaramente, noi in primo luogo dobbiamo avere un porto efficiente allo scopo di incoraggiare i vettori marittimi a servirsi delle sue infrastrutture, ma ugualmente importante, per noi, è stato il desiderio di fare ancor di più con i caricatori, affinché utilizzassero i nostri terminals preferendoli ad altre porte d'accesso qui vicine". E, come Sorgenfrei si è affrettato a sottolineare, ad Amburgo non manca la concorrenza da parte di queste porte d'accesso, dato che molte zone dell'Europa centrale sono altrettanto vicine a Bremerhaven, Rotterdam ed Anversa più giù lungo la costa.

Il porto ha sicuramente conseguito qualche successo con questa politica, dal momento che - secondo Sorgenfrei - solo un terzo del suo traffico containerizzato ora va o proviene dal proprio hinterland immediato, Lubecca compresa. Gli altri due terzi si possono suddividere in parti uguali tra carichi di raccordo da e per i porti baltici e carichi interni da e per l'Europa Centrale.

Gran parte della spinta propulsiva delle iniziative interne della HHLA, finora, è stata finalizzata al miglioramento dei servizi ferroviari, dal momento che approssimativamente il 70% del suo traffico a lungo raggio (cioè, oltre 150 km) attualmente viene movimentato con tale modalità.

Sebbene non abbia nulla a che fare con la HHLA, la TFGI (Transfracht International) che appartiene allo stato è il più importante operatore ferroviario nel porto. Il suo servizio Albatross Express attualmente offre 21 treni-navetta notturni al giorno da Bremerhaven ed Amburgo alla volta della Germania e dell'Europa centro-meridionale. Nel 1999, questi convogli da soli hanno trasportato circa 270.000 TEU, con un incremento del 18% rispetto al 1998.

E' interessante notare come la HHLA abbia cercato di farsi coinvolgere direttamente in questo servizio lo scorso anno mediante la proposta di costituzione di una società di joint-venture denominata servizio TDCE (Transfracht Deutscher Container Express), unitamente alla BLG (Bremer Lagerhaus Gesellschaft) ed alla Lubecker Hafengesellschaft. Peraltro, per ragioni che non sono mai state ben definite, il progetto è stato sospeso nell'aprile 1999 ed ora sembra essere morto e sepolto.

Sfortunatamente, non è mai stato chiarito quale ruolo la HHLA intendesse svolgere nello sviluppo del servizio, ma se le trascorse prassi rappresentano qualcosa cui ci si possa attenere (vedere alla voce joint-ventures successive), allora la società avrà solamente voluto far sì che i propri treni viaggiassero in modo efficiente, dal momento che da allora essa ha evitato di farsi coinvolgere più direttamente nel trasporto controllato da vettori.

La HHLA, tuttavia, controlla direttamente il 40% dell'altro principale operatore ferroviario del porto, la Polzug, che offre sino a tre partenze settimanali da Amburgo alla volta della Polonia, dell'Ucraina e della Lituania. La Polzug ha ora otto anni di vita e la HHLA è stata davvero decisiva nella sua costituzione al fine di attirare un numero maggiore di carichi dal proprio hinterland orientale. Gli altri azionisti della società sono la PKB (ferrovie polacche) con il 40% e la DB (ferrovie tedesche) con il 20%. Nel 1999, la Polzug ha trasportato circa 60.000 TEU, che hanno rappresentato un tasso di crescita del 6%. Tuttavia, lo scorso anno si è rivelato difficile, dal momento che le importazioni sono calate del 45% nel corso della prima metà dell'anno a causa della crisi economica russa.

Walter Schulze-Freyberg, direttore esecutivo della Polzug, commenta: "I principali vantaggi del nostro servizio rispetto a quelli dell'autotrasporto consistono nel fatto che noi ora siamo concorrenziali non solo in ordine ai prezzi, ma anche perché evitiamo le ore di attesa presso i principali punti di passaggio della frontiera. I nostri treni normalmente passano direttamente attraverso tali barriere doganali, di modo che siamo molto più sicuri".

La Polzug adesso è in grado, altresì, di offrire ai vettori marittimi suoi clienti un pacchetto completo di consegne containerizzate che comprende il riempimento, il vuoto o lo svuotamento, la gestione del deposito interno e tutto il tracking ed il resoconto sulle scorte.

Guardando oltre a sud, la HHLA inoltre detiene l'81,5% della Metrans, il ben noto operatore ferroviario che attualmente offre 10 partenze alla settimana da Amburgo alla Repubblica Ceca ed alla Slovacchia. Inoltre, vengono offerte quattro partenze alla settimana da Bremerhaven. Secondo Hana Kutilkova, dirigente marketing della società con sede a Praga, la Metrans adesso è in grado di offrire tempi di viaggio di sole 18 ore da Amburgo a Praga, dal cui centro di snodo vengono servite molte altre destinazioni. Nel 1999, la società ha trasportato circa 50.000 TEU.

I servizi ferroviari alla volta della vicina Ungheria e dell'Europa sud-orientale vengono assicurati mediante il coinvolgimento nello HHCE (Hansa Hungaria Container Express), che viene effettuato in collaborazione con la ICF (Intercontainer Interfrigo) e la società ferroviaria nazionale ungherese MA. Il servizio collega Amburgo con i centri di snodo ferroviario di Sopron e Budapest in Ungheria su base giornaliera, con partenze il giorno 1 ed arrivi il giorno 3. Nel 1999, i tre soci hanno trasportato complessivamente 40.000 TEU sulla tratta in questione.

Come già detto in precedenza, circa un terzo dei carichi containerizzati di Amburgo consiste di traffici di raccordo, per lo più da e per il Baltico. Il porto è fiero di essere in grado di offrire agli operatori feeder un servizio di trasporto efficiente, ma anche la sua localizzazione proprio in prossimità del canale di Kiel, che assicura un tragitto breve tra il Mare del Nord ed il Baltico, costituisce una grande attrattiva. Il canale di 110 km fa risparmiare senza difficoltà una giornata di navigazione alle navi di raccordo che - altrimenti - dovrebbero aggirare lo Jutland.

Non contenta di questo vantaggio da solo, alla fine del 1998 la HHLA ha acquisito il 74,8% della Combisped, una società di spedizioni che offre un servizio di navetta stradale da Amburgo al porto baltico di Lubecca. Si stima che quasi 100.000 TEU/anno attualmente vengano movimentati su questo breve collegamento di 60 km, per il quale la Combisped ha una speciale dispensa che le consente di utilizzare i trailers da 18 metri.

La società è, inoltre, impegnata nella costruzione del primo terminal container lo-lo, nonché prima stazione merci, di Lubecca al fine di essere in grado di competere più seriamente con gli operatori ro-ro specialisti del Mar Baltico, in particolar modo alla volta della Scandinavia e della Finlandia. Il piazzale della stazione merci, che è situata a circa 7 km dal terminal, è già stato completato; restano da erigere solo i magazzini. Il terminal containers sarà pienamente operativo in un periodo imprecisato tra il 2001 ed 2002.

Rispetto al Canale di Kiel, che è appena a nord, il collegamento containerizzato Lubecca/Amburgo, allorquando sarà stato completato, farà risparmiare circa 12 ore di tempo di viaggio. Resta da decidere come la HHLA effettuerà i propri trasporti lungo tale tratta, ma - secondo il dott. Sorgenfrei - è possibile che ai caricatori sia offerta la scelta di stipulare accordi propri di trasporto con la Combisped ovvero di chiedere alla HHLA di "mobilitare" effettivamente il proprio varco di accesso al terminal di Amburgo per movimentazioni alla volta di Lubecca.

Unitamente allo sviluppo di tutte queste connessioni con l'hinterland, la società ha altresì in corso il miglioramento delle proprie infrastrutture portuali di Amburgo attraverso la costruzione di un nuovo terminal contenitori allo stato dell'arte ad Altenwerder, nelle immediate vicinanze del Burdchardkai. Il centro di Altenwerder, che dovrebbe cominciare le operazioni alla fine del 2001, partirà inizialmente con una capacità di movimentazione pari ad 1,1 milioni di TEU all'anno, per arrivare sino a 1,9 milioni di TEU nel 2003.

La HHLA è stata inoltre decisiva nell'azione di persuasione dell'autorità portuale lo scorso anno allo scopo di incrementare il pescaggio massimo consentito ad Amburgo da 13 a 14,5 metri, permettendo in tal modo alle portacontenitori in servizio oggi di entrare nel porto quasi a pieno carico.

La Eurogate è l'altro principale operatore di terminal contenitori ad Amburgo, avendo lo scorso anno movimentato poco più di un milione di TEU per la prima volta, vale a dire la maggior parte del residuo terzo del traffico containerizzato complessivo del porto. Noto in precedenza come Eurokai (prima della fusione con la BLG di Bremerhaven) ed appartenente in maggioranza al settore privato, l'operatore terminalistico in questione è stato altresì molto attivo nello sviluppare i propri servizi per l'hinterland da Amburgo con il nome di Eurogate Intermodal.

Nel 1999, la Eurogate Intermodal ha movimentato complessivamente 52.000 TEU. Il suo servizio fiore all'occhiello Eurosprint collega Amburgo/Bremerhaven a Monaco tre volte alla settimana con un tempo di viaggio di sole 15 ore. Questa direttrice rappresenta approssimativamente il 20% del traffico complessivo della società.

Una caratteristica insolita della Eurogate Intermodal è costituita dal fatto che essa è la prima società tedesca di trasporto ferroviario a lungo raggio di proprietà privata che effettua operazioni ferroviarie proprie con il servizio Eurosprint. Lars Hedderich, direttore generale della società, ha commentato: "Essendo indipendenti, non solo siamo maggiormente orientati sul cliente rispetto agli operatori ferroviari nazionali, come la DB Cargo, ma possiamo anche competere quanto ai prezzi ed alla flessibilità di servizio". Al di là del servizio Eurosprint, la Eurogate Intermodal opera frequentemente in collaborazione con la Kombivehrker, in particolar modo alla volta di zone quali la Repubblica Ceca e la Slovacchia.

La realizzazione della Eurogate lo scorso anno quale operatore di terminal contenitori, combinando gli interessi della Eurokai e della BLG, rappresenta un'interessante proposta per gli armatori dal momento che la società si aspetta alla fine di offrire una migliore "interoperabilità" tra le proprie infrastrutture di Amburgo e di Bremerhaven. Anche se ci si aspetta che i due porti concorrano ancora parecchio reciprocamente, la Eurogate sarà in grado di offrire sistemi comuni per quanto attiene l'informatica e la contabilità a quei vettori che hanno bisogno di scalarli entrambi. Il direttore pubbliche relazioni, Martin Reinhold, ha commentato: "Ad esempio, le registrazioni o le consegne dei carichi che devono essere dirottate da uno dei due porti all'altro con preavviso breve e che devono essere adeguate alle esigenze dei caricatori oppure alle limitazioni operative, in futuro saranno movimentate in modo molto più liscio".

Agli importatori e gli esportatori dell'hinterland di Amburgo, sembra, non è mai andata così bene. E, una volta completato il ponte di Oresund - che collega la Svezia con la Danimarca continentale e da qui alla Germania - a luglio di quest'anno, la situazione potrà solo migliorare.
(da: Containerisation International, giugno 2000)


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Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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