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23 November 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 1/2004 - JANUARY 2004

Trasporto ferroviario

Il boom dei carichi ferroviari brasiliani

In seguito all'ammissione, da parte del governo, che la privatizzazione costituisse la risposta a lungo termine ai problemi della rete ferroviaria, quest'ultima tra il 1996 ed il 1998 è stata suddivisa in sei regioni e le operazioni di trasporto merci sono state assegnate al settore privato mediante concessioni trentennali.

Oggi, tutte le operazioni di trasporto merci ferroviario sono state privatizzate ed i nuovi operatori stanno trasformando il settore ferroviario del paese. E, sebbene solo meno del 25% delle merci sia ancora trasportato via rotaia, le ferrovie hanno cominciato a recuperare qualche attività nei confronti del trasporto stradale dal momento della privatizzazione.

Le esperienze, le speranze ed i desideri di un operatore in particolare, la MRS Logistica, riassumono la nuova vena di efficienza, servizio ed investimento che attualmente motiva il settore ferroviario privato brasiliano.

La MRS (MRS Logística S.A.) è stata costituita nell'agosto 1996 e ha dato inizio alle operazioni il 1' dicembre dello stesso anno; essa è stata creata dal consorzio MRS che comprende le società minerarie MBR e Ferteco, nonché le fabbriche di acciaio CSN, Gerdau ed Usiminas.

Oggi la MRS - una delle maggiori concessionarie ferroviarie in Brasile - gestisce la rete ferroviaria regionale delle Ferrovia Federale Brasiliana denominata "Malha Sudeste da Rede Ferroviária Federal S.A.", che consiste nelle linee Juiz de Fora (SR3) e São Paulo (SR4).

Alla società sono stati assegnati i diritti di concessione ed il leasing sui beni operativi dopo aver presentato un'offerta vincente di 888,9 milioni di reais (900 milioni di dollari USA in quel momento) in occasione di una gara pubblica tenutasi alla Borsa Valori di Rio de Janeiro il 9 settembre 1996.

Le linee assegnate ai sensi di questa concessione per il trasporto merci ferroviario facevano in precedenza parte della vecchia Ferrovia Brasile Centrale; oggi, la MRS collega Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Minas Gerais, i tre principali centri brasiliani.

Per quanto le linee passeggeri delle aree metropolitane di Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo siano state escluse dalla concessione, la rete sud-orientale di binari lunga 1.674 km della MRS assicura un accesso diretto ad alcuni dei più importanti porti del paese, cioè Sepetiba, Guaiba, Rio de Janeiro e Santos.

Oggi, la MRS effettua altresì servizi intermodali dal porto di Rio de Janeiro a São Paulo e consegne "just-in-time" di parti di auto ad un terminal interno a Juiz de Fora.

Nel 1999 la MRS ha trasportato 55 milioni di tonnellate di merci - per lo più ferro grezzo - ed esse sono salite a 74,5 milioni di tonnellate nel 2002. Per il 2003 la società prevede fiduciosamente che i volumi dei carichi siano aumentati ad 86 milioni di tonnellate, con l'incremento dovuto principalmente alle maggiori importazioni di minerale grezzo di ferro ed alla crescita della domanda di prodotti agricoli.

Quale società progressista e rispettata, la MRS si è guadagnata molti plausi, tra i più recenti dei quali l'elezione quale "miglior ferrovia brasiliana per il 2002" da parte della Revista Ferroviária" nonché quale "migliore operatore logistico" del paese da parte della rivista "Transporte Moderno".

La MRS ha dovuto far fronte a molte difficoltà nel suo breve periodo di vita. Come spiega Julio Fontana, presidente della società, "i nostri primi mesi di operazioni sono stati dedicati all'adattamento della società alle sue nuove realtà amministrative, operative ed economiche".

Uno dei principali problemi per la società è stato rappresentato dal fatto che le operazioni da e per i porti di Santos e Rio de Janeiro sono stati ostacolati dall'intasamento ferroviario attorno alla città di São Paulo, dove i suoi treni merci sono stati limitati alle operazioni notturne poiché hanno dovuto condividere linee sulle quali i convogli passeggeri avevano la priorità.

Lo scorso anno la situazione è mutata quando, dopo trattative protrattesi a lungo, la MRS ha stipulato un accordo quinquennale con la società ferroviaria per il trasporto passeggeri di São Paulo.

Come spiega Fontana, "alla luce della nostra concessione governativa, abbiamo il diritto di accesso ai sensi della normativa brasiliana alle linee ferroviarie passeggeri allo scopo di oltrepassare São Paulo.

Tuttavia, allo scopo di assicurare la difesa dei nostri diritti operativi, abbiamo dovuto intraprendere un'azione legale, che alla fine ha indotto noi e la società ferroviaria passeggeri a raggiungere un compromesso stragiudiziale.

Sebbene l'accordo sia molto complicato, in termini semplicistici esso significa che, tenendo presente l'intasamento della rete ferroviaria di São Paulo, i treni passeggeri hanno la priorità nel corso delle ore di punta dell'affollamento. In cambio, noi disponiamo di "finestre" operative giornaliere tra le 9.00 e le 16.00 e tra le 21.00 e le 4.00".

Nel contempo, malgrado l'accordo, il governo dello stato di São Paulo e la MRS hanno cercato una proposta finalizzata alla costruzione di una ferrovia "circolare" per consentire ai treni merci di by-passare la città sulla direttrice da e per il porto di Santos quale soluzione a lungo termine per il problema.

La MRS attualmente lavora a stretto contatto con il porto di Sepetiba, dove dispone di un accesso ferroviario esclusivo ed è impegnata a sviluppare nuovi servizi ed a sfruttare ciò che essa ravvisa come "l'elevato potenziale di traffico intermodale" del porto.

Secondo l'amministrazione di Sepetiba, il porto dispone di eccellenti collegamenti con l'hinterland e sulle sue infrastrutture ferroviarie da banchina fa già viaggiare un treno espresso giornaliero dedicato alla volta di São Paulo. La rete della MRS Logistica è altresì connessa alla rete a scartamento ridotto (1 metro) centro-occidentale gestita dalla FCA (Ferrovia Centro Atlantico).

L'intenzione è quella di far partire alla fine altri servizi e di giungere al punto che il 50% di tutti i volumi containerizzati di Sepetiba vengano trasportati dentro e fuori il porto con i treni.

Sepetiba ha due tipi di carichi - contenitori e prodotti di acciaio - ed oggi "tutti i prodotti di acciaio del porto vengono adesso trasportati per ferrovia. Essi sono teoricamente adatti alla ferrovia dal momento che sono pesanti, possono essere movimentati alla svelta con attrezzature speciali e non sono fragili o sensibili ai tempi" afferma Fontana.

E' interessante notare come la MRS movimenti già circa 400.000 tonnellate al mese di prodotti finiti di acciaio per l'esportazione attraverso Sepetiba. Spiega Fontana: "Tutte le esportazioni di acciaio della CSN, così come le merci di molti altri produttori di tutto il Brasile, ora vengono movimentati attraverso Sepetiba dai centri di produzione connessi per ferrovia, ed il porto adesso rappresenta già uno dei più importanti scali del paese per l'esportazione dell'acciaio".

Inoltre, la MRS trasporta anche minerale grezzo di ferro per la CVRD dai terminals di Casa de Pedra, Alberto Flores ed Estação do Pires (Minas Gerais) per l'esportazione alla volta di Sepetiba; in programma, c'era la spedizione di 1,2 milioni di tonnellate da aprile a dicembre 2003.

Altri significativi volumi di carico hanno recentemente cominciato ad essere trasportati dalla MRS, tra cui prodotti forestali da esportazione (pasta di legno) per la VCP (Votorantim Celulose e Papel) dal suo impianto di Jacarei al porto di Santos.

Allo scopo di ottenere questo contratto, la MRS ha dovuto effettuare significativi investimenti quali la riattivazione della linea ferroviaria da Jacarei a Mogi de Cruzes, l'adattamento dei carri e la costruzione degli ampliamenti ferroviari presso l'impianto di Jacarei ed il terminal della VCP a Santos. Attualmente, vengono trasportate 50.000 tonnellate al mese.

Riguardo al trasporto containerizzato, la MRS trasporta prodotti chimici per la Rhodia-Ster da Paulina (inizialmente su camion al terminal Hamburg Sud/Aliança di Jundai) e poi per ferrovia sulla direttrice espressa MRS Santos-Jundai alla volta del porto di Santos. I volumi iniziali sono di 400 containers mensili.

Un altro traffico che ha avuto inizio di recente è quello del trasporto di prodotti di acciaio per la Belgo Mineira dal proprio impianto di Piracicaba per le esportazioni attraverso il porto di Rio de Janeiro, con volumi mensili di 12.000 tonnellate.

Anche per la Belgo Mineira, è stato recentemente dato il via ad un sistema Transtrailer allo scopo di trasportare prodotti di acciaio dall'impianto di Juiz de Fora al porto di Rio, con ritorno all'impianto con metalli di scarto.

L'innovativo sistema Transtrailer si basa su semirimorchi stradali che possono essere accoppiati in cima a carrelli ferroviari, diventando così carri ferroviari e combinando i vantaggi della ferrovia con la versatilità dei camion. Inizialmente, i convogli saranno formati da 10 Transtrailers che effettueranno un viaggio alla settimana in ciascun senso, per un trasporto mensile di 2.000 tonnellate di metalli di scarto.

"Come si può vedere, molte società adesso hanno un elevato grado di fiducia nel nostro servizio, e gran parte di essa dipende dall'ammodernamento delle nostre procedure amministrative, dall'investimento nella revisione del materiale rotabile e dei binari, dall'implementazione dei sistemi informatici e di controllo, nonché dall'introduzione di nuove tecnologie, allo scopo di migliorare sia la qualità che la sicurezza" afferma Fontana.

A partire dal 2000, la MRS ha investito circa 40 milioni di dollari in carri ferroviari e ha completamente revisionato molte locomotive ad uno standard molto alto, completo di garanzie.

Entro la fine del 2003, la MRS aveva acquistato 22 locomotive diesel elettriche General Electric (tra le quali nove unità GE C-30-7 da 3.300 CV e 13 unità GE C-36-7 da 3.600 CV) dagli Stati Uniti, nonché 10 unità GE C-30 dalla NREC (National Railway Equipment Co).

Una volta completate le consegne, il parco locomotive della MRS sarà aumentato sino a circa 300 unità rispetto alle 180 unità utilizzabili ereditate con la concessione.

Le locomotive andranno ad aggiungersi alla revisione di 300 carri HAS ed all'acquisto di altri 800 carri. "Abbiamo dovuto importare questi ultimi" dichiara Fontana "perché, data l'esistenza di un solo produttore di materiale ferroviario in Brasile, la GEVISA (una consociata brasiliana della General Electric), essa ha un registro di ordinazioni al completo e non può far fronte alla domanda di nuovo equipaggiamento e materiale rotabile".

La MRS è ora equipaggiata con 12.000 carri in grado di trasportare bobine di acciaio, carichi generali, rinfuse secche e minerali ferrosi grezzi, rispetto ai 5.000 carri utilizzabili che aveva trovato con la concessione (6.000 carri e 220 locomotive erano in condizioni così penose da essere immediatamente dismessi dalla MRS al momento dell'ottenimento della concessione).

"In termini di acquisto di locomotive, siamo stati fortunati per l'avvento della nuova tecnologia di locomotive AC negli Stati Uniti, che sta cambiando faccia al mercato Di conseguenza, gli Stati Uniti dispongono di oltre 3.000 locomotive di seconda mano disponibili ad un "prezzo molto ragionevole". Si tratta di un ottimo affare per noi, dal momento che le caratteristiche di queste macchine soddisfano tutte le esigenze comportate dalle operazioni in Brasile" dice Fontana.

"Per il futuro, continuiamo ad effettuare investimenti in equipaggiamenti, binari e soluzioni ad elevata tecnologia al fine di migliorare la nostra rete, incrementare la velocità di servizio ed assicurare servizi maggiormente efficienti. Così facendo, stiamo recuperando occasioni di lavoro a danno dell'autotrasporto.

Inoltre, la società sta altresì cercando di sviluppare un treno espresso con orari pre-definiti per il settore dei carichi generali. Noi crediamo nell'approccio moderno e siamo sempre alla ricerca di soluzioni razionali dal punto di vista dei costi, quale ad esempio un software innovativo per la dislocazione del parco carri e la programmazione degli orari di lavoro dei ferrovieri" conclude.
(da: CargoSystems, Latin America supplement, dicembre 2003)




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Reggio Calabria/Cagliari
Over 8,500 counterfeit items intercepted at Cagliari's Porto Canale
Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly revenue again
Athens
Youroukos emphasizes the solidity and excellent prospects of the small and medium-sized containership market
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
In the third quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 675 thousand tons of goods (+4.1%)
Podgorica
80.0% growth in cargoes to Italy
Svitzer acquires 66.6% of Norwegian towing company Buksér og Berging
Copenhagen
It has a fleet of approximately 35 tugboats and 25 pilot boats
The keel-laying ceremony for the new oceanographic vessel Arcadia took place in Piombino.
Piombino
Construction entrusted to T. Mariotti
The Management Committee of the Central Adriatic Port Authority has approved the 2026 budget forecast.
Ancona
An administrative surplus of 32.2 million is expected
The UNIPORT public meeting will be held in Rome on November 19th.
Rome
Among the topics at the centre of the meeting was the port system reform project.
Cruise passenger traffic at GPH terminals stable in the summer quarter
Istanbul
1,503 stopovers were recorded (+9.6%) for a total of 4.66 million passengers (+0.8%)
Ocean Network Express establishes its own shipping agency in Greece
Singapore
It will take over the activities of the ENA Shipping Agency
Regional Container Lines orders two new 14,000 TEU containerships from KSOE
Bangkok/Seongnam
MSC includes calls at Bremerhaven, Limassol and Beirut in the Levante Express service
Geneva
The line connects Northern Europe with the Mediterranean
AD Ports to acquire 20% stake in Latakia International Container Terminal
Abu Dhabi
Agreement with the CMA CGM shipping group
The Eastern Liguria Port Authority approves the 2026 budget and three-year plan.
La Spezia
The decree has been signed to begin construction on the new high-voltage electricity grid in the port of La Spezia.
A new SDC Customs Service Containers warehouse has opened in Porto Marghera.
Venice
It will be used for the storage and movement of goods at room temperature
Moby is selling five ferries at a starting price of €229.9 million.
Vicenza
Sale and lease-back agreement expected for two of the vessels
d'Amico International Shipping's quarterly financial results decline
Luxembourg
Mottola Crossbow: The fundamentals of the tanker industry remain solid.
ICTSI posts record quarterly financial and operating performance
Manila
In the period July-September, container traffic in the group's terminals grew by +12.3%
Denmark's DFDS to cut 400 jobs
Copenhagen
The group is looking for a new CEO. Record revenues were recorded in the July-September quarter.
CEVA Logistics has completed the acquisition of Turkey's Borusan Logistics.
Marseille
Operation worth 383 million dollars
1,100 cars from the Chinese car manufacturer Dongfeng were unloaded in the port of Livorno
Livorno
Traffic is managed through the "Il Faldo" logistics area operated by XCA
Assiterminal, the MIT note clarifies that the 90-minute grace period applies only to waiting times
Rome/Genoa
Ferrari: The Conference of Port Authority Presidents could consider a sort of national program agreement.
Harren assigns a single brand to its heavy lift companies
Bremen
The fleet of 80 vessels will be operated under the single SAL brand.
Wallenius Wilhelmsen's revenues fell by 2% in the third quarter.
Lysaker
Net profit was $280 million (+8%)
ESPO has presented its new annual environmental report
Brussels
Climate change remains the top priority for European ports to address
Over €60 million from the PNRR for the ports of Naples and Salerno
Rome
Rixi: Let's make more effective use of European resources and accelerate the implementation of strategic projects.
Agreement between Escola Europea and DLTM to promote international mobility and maritime training
La Spezia
Synergies between the Ligurian maritime cluster and the port and training community of Barcelona
UPS has completed its acquisition of Canada's Andlauer Healthcare Group.
Atlanta/Toronto
Operation worth 1.6 billion dollars
CMA CGM to register ten new 24,212 TEU containerships in the French International Register
Marseille/Copenhagen
The company will take delivery of them starting from 2026
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
Two MSC Cruises Musica-class cruise ships undergoing refurbishment in Malta
Geneva
Work at Palumbo Malta Shipyard includes the construction of new suites
Increase in freight traffic in Tuscan ports over the past six months
Livorno
In the first six months of 2025, growth of +2.0% was recorded in Livorno and +4.9% in Piombino
Kalmar closes the third quarter with higher financial results and lower orders
Helsinki
The contribution of the services segment offset the lower performance of equipment sales
COSCO Strengthens Its Bulk Fleet with Orders for 29 Vessels
Shanghai
Orders worth a total of over $1.7 billion for 23 bulk carriers and six VLCCs
Tito Vespasiani has been appointed Secretary General of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority.
Genoa
The 2026 budget and the 2026-2028 three-year operational plan were approved.
Assiterminal: Technical roundtable on cruise tourism is a success.
Genoa
An important step - Cognolato highlighted - to enhance the territories and promote an integrated vision of the sector.
Fincantieri signs agreement to develop Saudi Arabia's maritime ecosystem
Trieste
It was signed with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources of Riyadh
Yang Ming Signs Contracts for Six New 8,000 TEU Container Ships
Keelung
They will be delivered from 2028 and will replace 5,500 TEU ships
Rijeka Gateway Terminal officially opened
River
It is operated by the joint venture between APM Terminals and Enna Logic
New historical records for quarterly traffic of goods and passengers in Albanian ports
Tirana
2.25 million tons of cargo (+16.7%) and 1.01 million people (+6.4%) moved
The Management Committee of the Southern Adriatic Port Authority takes shape
Bari
The designations of some local administrations are still missing
The Senate's VIII Commission approved the appointment of eight Port System Authority presidents.
Rome
Parliamentary process completed
Carole Montarsolo has been appointed general manager of GNV Morocco
Genoa
Know-how from over ten years of relationships and direct presence in the area
The concession term for Metal Carpenteria in the port of Crotone has been extended.
Gioia Tauro
The deadline has been extended to November 14, 2033
In the period July-September, freight traffic in Tunisian ports grew by +5.4%
La Goulette
Cruise passengers decreased by -10.5%
Wärstilä Corporation closed the third quarter with sales of over 1.6 billion euros (-5.0%)
Helsinki
UPS's latest quarterly financial performance declines
Atlanta
Revenues down by -3.7%
Götz Becker appointed chairman of Interferry
Victoria
The president is Supapan Pichaironarongsongkram, who takes over from Guido Grimaldi
Accelleron and LAB021 partner to develop digital solutions to improve fleet operational efficiency.
The 2026 budget forecast for the Sardinian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Cagliari
Among the objectives, the strengthening of operational infrastructures on land and dredging
Conference on the culture of prevention in the Italian logistics supply chain
Rome
Organized by Sanilog, it will be held on November 13th in Rome
The PCTC Grande Melbourne was christened and delivered to the Grimaldi Group in China.
Naples
It has a capacity of 9,241 CEUs
A new record in cruise traffic is expected in Italian ports in 2026
Catania
In Catania, Risposte Turismo presented the new edition of the "Italian Cruise Watch" report.
Fincantieri launches the first integrated underwater drone system
Trieste
Tested at the Naval Support and Experimentation Center in La Spezia
Quarterly freight traffic growth at the port of Barcelona. Declining in Algeciras.
Barcelona/Algeciras
In the period July-September, percentage variations of +1.8% and -4.1% respectively were recorded
Filt Cgil: The method adopted to define the port reform is unacceptable.
Rome
The union denounces the lack of involvement of workers' representatives and the lack of prior consultation.
General Assembly of Logistics: Northwest Alliance Renewed
Turin
Liguria, Lombardy, and Piedmont Regions, MIT, RFI, and Ferrovienord Sign Agreement
Konecranes reports quarterly revenue decline while orders rise.
Helsinki
In the period July-September, orders acquired for 1.15 billion euros (+20.1%)
GNV has taken delivery of the new ro-pax GNV Virgo in China
Genoa
It is the first ship powered by liquefied natural gas in the company's fleet.
A new maritime service for rolling stock to North Africa is underway at the Vado Ligure Reefer Terminal.
Vado Ligure
Connection with the Libyan port of Misurata
Grimaldi and China Merchants Shenzhen RoRo Shipping sign cooperation agreement
Naples
Expected to offer greater capacity and a broader and more efficient service network to support Chinese exports
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The UNIPORT public meeting will be held in Rome on November 19th.
Rome
Among the topics at the centre of the meeting was the port system reform project.
The National Maritime Fund has organised a meeting with the ITS Mare and the maritime training centres
Rome
It will be held on December 3rd in Rome
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Three UAE Firms Eye Investment In Kenya's Port, Renewable Energy, And Shipping Projects
(Capital FM Kenya)
Foreign firms to operate 3 terminals under Ctg Port for up to 30 years; deals by December
(The Business Standard)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The 2026 budget forecast and the POT of the Port System Authority of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas have been adopted.
Gioia Tauro
Piacenza: Cold ironing is also important to avoid having to face significant fines.
The Port of La Spezia has completed its first cold ironing tests at Molo Garibaldi.
La Spezia
The transformation cabin at the dock has been connected to the cruise ship "MSC Seaview"
Global Ports Holding has signed a contract to manage the Casablanca cruise terminal.
Istanbul
15-year agreement with option for a 20-year extension
A conference on e-commerce returns at LIUC
Castellanza
In the fashion sector they represent over 30% of online orders in Europe
Australian Scott McKay is the new president of the International Cargo Handling Association.
London
He took over from John Beckett
Fincantieri and Defcomm sign agreement for the development of surface drones.
Trieste
Co-investment to accelerate its industrialization
Container traffic in the port of Valencia fell by 11.6% in September.
Valencia
In the third quarter of 2025, overall freight traffic decreased by -3.2%
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 0.7% in the third quarter.
Long Beach
Empty spaces are rising. Full capacity at boarding and disembarking is down 1.0% and 8.5% respectively.
Piacenza: The port of Gioia Tauro aims to handle seven million containers by 2029.
Genoa
Transhipment - he underlined - represents an essential gateway for international goods into the national market.
Arkas Line's new direct service connects the Eastern Mediterranean and Italy with West Africa.
Izmir
It will be held on a weekly basis
Assocostieri urges revitalization of the national bunkering sector
Genoa
Among the proposals, making it possible to use barges as floating storage facilities for alternative fuels
The Ministry of Transport has requested an agreement for Consalvo to become president of the Eastern Adriatic Port Authority.
Rome/Trieste
Fedriga: The Friuli Venezia Giulia Region will express its agreement
Federmar-Cisal proposes a new distribution of the tonnage tax benefits
Rome
Pico: For maritime personnel, financial recognition is not always proportionate to the essential role they play
P&O Maritime Logistics completes acquisition of controlling stake in NovaAlgoma Cement Carriers
Lugano
Obtained the necessary regulatory approvals
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