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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 1/2004 - JANUARY 2004

Trasporto ferroviario

Il boom dei carichi ferroviari brasiliani

In seguito all'ammissione, da parte del governo, che la privatizzazione costituisse la risposta a lungo termine ai problemi della rete ferroviaria, quest'ultima tra il 1996 ed il 1998 è stata suddivisa in sei regioni e le operazioni di trasporto merci sono state assegnate al settore privato mediante concessioni trentennali.

Oggi, tutte le operazioni di trasporto merci ferroviario sono state privatizzate ed i nuovi operatori stanno trasformando il settore ferroviario del paese. E, sebbene solo meno del 25% delle merci sia ancora trasportato via rotaia, le ferrovie hanno cominciato a recuperare qualche attività nei confronti del trasporto stradale dal momento della privatizzazione.

Le esperienze, le speranze ed i desideri di un operatore in particolare, la MRS Logistica, riassumono la nuova vena di efficienza, servizio ed investimento che attualmente motiva il settore ferroviario privato brasiliano.

La MRS (MRS Logística S.A.) è stata costituita nell'agosto 1996 e ha dato inizio alle operazioni il 1' dicembre dello stesso anno; essa è stata creata dal consorzio MRS che comprende le società minerarie MBR e Ferteco, nonché le fabbriche di acciaio CSN, Gerdau ed Usiminas.

Oggi la MRS - una delle maggiori concessionarie ferroviarie in Brasile - gestisce la rete ferroviaria regionale delle Ferrovia Federale Brasiliana denominata "Malha Sudeste da Rede Ferroviária Federal S.A.", che consiste nelle linee Juiz de Fora (SR3) e São Paulo (SR4).

Alla società sono stati assegnati i diritti di concessione ed il leasing sui beni operativi dopo aver presentato un'offerta vincente di 888,9 milioni di reais (900 milioni di dollari USA in quel momento) in occasione di una gara pubblica tenutasi alla Borsa Valori di Rio de Janeiro il 9 settembre 1996.

Le linee assegnate ai sensi di questa concessione per il trasporto merci ferroviario facevano in precedenza parte della vecchia Ferrovia Brasile Centrale; oggi, la MRS collega Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Minas Gerais, i tre principali centri brasiliani.

Per quanto le linee passeggeri delle aree metropolitane di Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo siano state escluse dalla concessione, la rete sud-orientale di binari lunga 1.674 km della MRS assicura un accesso diretto ad alcuni dei più importanti porti del paese, cioè Sepetiba, Guaiba, Rio de Janeiro e Santos.

Oggi, la MRS effettua altresì servizi intermodali dal porto di Rio de Janeiro a São Paulo e consegne "just-in-time" di parti di auto ad un terminal interno a Juiz de Fora.

Nel 1999 la MRS ha trasportato 55 milioni di tonnellate di merci - per lo più ferro grezzo - ed esse sono salite a 74,5 milioni di tonnellate nel 2002. Per il 2003 la società prevede fiduciosamente che i volumi dei carichi siano aumentati ad 86 milioni di tonnellate, con l'incremento dovuto principalmente alle maggiori importazioni di minerale grezzo di ferro ed alla crescita della domanda di prodotti agricoli.

Quale società progressista e rispettata, la MRS si è guadagnata molti plausi, tra i più recenti dei quali l'elezione quale "miglior ferrovia brasiliana per il 2002" da parte della Revista Ferroviária" nonché quale "migliore operatore logistico" del paese da parte della rivista "Transporte Moderno".

La MRS ha dovuto far fronte a molte difficoltà nel suo breve periodo di vita. Come spiega Julio Fontana, presidente della società, "i nostri primi mesi di operazioni sono stati dedicati all'adattamento della società alle sue nuove realtà amministrative, operative ed economiche".

Uno dei principali problemi per la società è stato rappresentato dal fatto che le operazioni da e per i porti di Santos e Rio de Janeiro sono stati ostacolati dall'intasamento ferroviario attorno alla città di São Paulo, dove i suoi treni merci sono stati limitati alle operazioni notturne poiché hanno dovuto condividere linee sulle quali i convogli passeggeri avevano la priorità.

Lo scorso anno la situazione è mutata quando, dopo trattative protrattesi a lungo, la MRS ha stipulato un accordo quinquennale con la società ferroviaria per il trasporto passeggeri di São Paulo.

Come spiega Fontana, "alla luce della nostra concessione governativa, abbiamo il diritto di accesso ai sensi della normativa brasiliana alle linee ferroviarie passeggeri allo scopo di oltrepassare São Paulo.

Tuttavia, allo scopo di assicurare la difesa dei nostri diritti operativi, abbiamo dovuto intraprendere un'azione legale, che alla fine ha indotto noi e la società ferroviaria passeggeri a raggiungere un compromesso stragiudiziale.

Sebbene l'accordo sia molto complicato, in termini semplicistici esso significa che, tenendo presente l'intasamento della rete ferroviaria di São Paulo, i treni passeggeri hanno la priorità nel corso delle ore di punta dell'affollamento. In cambio, noi disponiamo di "finestre" operative giornaliere tra le 9.00 e le 16.00 e tra le 21.00 e le 4.00".

Nel contempo, malgrado l'accordo, il governo dello stato di São Paulo e la MRS hanno cercato una proposta finalizzata alla costruzione di una ferrovia "circolare" per consentire ai treni merci di by-passare la città sulla direttrice da e per il porto di Santos quale soluzione a lungo termine per il problema.

La MRS attualmente lavora a stretto contatto con il porto di Sepetiba, dove dispone di un accesso ferroviario esclusivo ed è impegnata a sviluppare nuovi servizi ed a sfruttare ciò che essa ravvisa come "l'elevato potenziale di traffico intermodale" del porto.

Secondo l'amministrazione di Sepetiba, il porto dispone di eccellenti collegamenti con l'hinterland e sulle sue infrastrutture ferroviarie da banchina fa già viaggiare un treno espresso giornaliero dedicato alla volta di São Paulo. La rete della MRS Logistica è altresì connessa alla rete a scartamento ridotto (1 metro) centro-occidentale gestita dalla FCA (Ferrovia Centro Atlantico).

L'intenzione è quella di far partire alla fine altri servizi e di giungere al punto che il 50% di tutti i volumi containerizzati di Sepetiba vengano trasportati dentro e fuori il porto con i treni.

Sepetiba ha due tipi di carichi - contenitori e prodotti di acciaio - ed oggi "tutti i prodotti di acciaio del porto vengono adesso trasportati per ferrovia. Essi sono teoricamente adatti alla ferrovia dal momento che sono pesanti, possono essere movimentati alla svelta con attrezzature speciali e non sono fragili o sensibili ai tempi" afferma Fontana.

E' interessante notare come la MRS movimenti già circa 400.000 tonnellate al mese di prodotti finiti di acciaio per l'esportazione attraverso Sepetiba. Spiega Fontana: "Tutte le esportazioni di acciaio della CSN, così come le merci di molti altri produttori di tutto il Brasile, ora vengono movimentati attraverso Sepetiba dai centri di produzione connessi per ferrovia, ed il porto adesso rappresenta già uno dei più importanti scali del paese per l'esportazione dell'acciaio".

Inoltre, la MRS trasporta anche minerale grezzo di ferro per la CVRD dai terminals di Casa de Pedra, Alberto Flores ed Estação do Pires (Minas Gerais) per l'esportazione alla volta di Sepetiba; in programma, c'era la spedizione di 1,2 milioni di tonnellate da aprile a dicembre 2003.

Altri significativi volumi di carico hanno recentemente cominciato ad essere trasportati dalla MRS, tra cui prodotti forestali da esportazione (pasta di legno) per la VCP (Votorantim Celulose e Papel) dal suo impianto di Jacarei al porto di Santos.

Allo scopo di ottenere questo contratto, la MRS ha dovuto effettuare significativi investimenti quali la riattivazione della linea ferroviaria da Jacarei a Mogi de Cruzes, l'adattamento dei carri e la costruzione degli ampliamenti ferroviari presso l'impianto di Jacarei ed il terminal della VCP a Santos. Attualmente, vengono trasportate 50.000 tonnellate al mese.

Riguardo al trasporto containerizzato, la MRS trasporta prodotti chimici per la Rhodia-Ster da Paulina (inizialmente su camion al terminal Hamburg Sud/Aliança di Jundai) e poi per ferrovia sulla direttrice espressa MRS Santos-Jundai alla volta del porto di Santos. I volumi iniziali sono di 400 containers mensili.

Un altro traffico che ha avuto inizio di recente è quello del trasporto di prodotti di acciaio per la Belgo Mineira dal proprio impianto di Piracicaba per le esportazioni attraverso il porto di Rio de Janeiro, con volumi mensili di 12.000 tonnellate.

Anche per la Belgo Mineira, è stato recentemente dato il via ad un sistema Transtrailer allo scopo di trasportare prodotti di acciaio dall'impianto di Juiz de Fora al porto di Rio, con ritorno all'impianto con metalli di scarto.

L'innovativo sistema Transtrailer si basa su semirimorchi stradali che possono essere accoppiati in cima a carrelli ferroviari, diventando così carri ferroviari e combinando i vantaggi della ferrovia con la versatilità dei camion. Inizialmente, i convogli saranno formati da 10 Transtrailers che effettueranno un viaggio alla settimana in ciascun senso, per un trasporto mensile di 2.000 tonnellate di metalli di scarto.

"Come si può vedere, molte società adesso hanno un elevato grado di fiducia nel nostro servizio, e gran parte di essa dipende dall'ammodernamento delle nostre procedure amministrative, dall'investimento nella revisione del materiale rotabile e dei binari, dall'implementazione dei sistemi informatici e di controllo, nonché dall'introduzione di nuove tecnologie, allo scopo di migliorare sia la qualità che la sicurezza" afferma Fontana.

A partire dal 2000, la MRS ha investito circa 40 milioni di dollari in carri ferroviari e ha completamente revisionato molte locomotive ad uno standard molto alto, completo di garanzie.

Entro la fine del 2003, la MRS aveva acquistato 22 locomotive diesel elettriche General Electric (tra le quali nove unità GE C-30-7 da 3.300 CV e 13 unità GE C-36-7 da 3.600 CV) dagli Stati Uniti, nonché 10 unità GE C-30 dalla NREC (National Railway Equipment Co).

Una volta completate le consegne, il parco locomotive della MRS sarà aumentato sino a circa 300 unità rispetto alle 180 unità utilizzabili ereditate con la concessione.

Le locomotive andranno ad aggiungersi alla revisione di 300 carri HAS ed all'acquisto di altri 800 carri. "Abbiamo dovuto importare questi ultimi" dichiara Fontana "perché, data l'esistenza di un solo produttore di materiale ferroviario in Brasile, la GEVISA (una consociata brasiliana della General Electric), essa ha un registro di ordinazioni al completo e non può far fronte alla domanda di nuovo equipaggiamento e materiale rotabile".

La MRS è ora equipaggiata con 12.000 carri in grado di trasportare bobine di acciaio, carichi generali, rinfuse secche e minerali ferrosi grezzi, rispetto ai 5.000 carri utilizzabili che aveva trovato con la concessione (6.000 carri e 220 locomotive erano in condizioni così penose da essere immediatamente dismessi dalla MRS al momento dell'ottenimento della concessione).

"In termini di acquisto di locomotive, siamo stati fortunati per l'avvento della nuova tecnologia di locomotive AC negli Stati Uniti, che sta cambiando faccia al mercato Di conseguenza, gli Stati Uniti dispongono di oltre 3.000 locomotive di seconda mano disponibili ad un "prezzo molto ragionevole". Si tratta di un ottimo affare per noi, dal momento che le caratteristiche di queste macchine soddisfano tutte le esigenze comportate dalle operazioni in Brasile" dice Fontana.

"Per il futuro, continuiamo ad effettuare investimenti in equipaggiamenti, binari e soluzioni ad elevata tecnologia al fine di migliorare la nostra rete, incrementare la velocità di servizio ed assicurare servizi maggiormente efficienti. Così facendo, stiamo recuperando occasioni di lavoro a danno dell'autotrasporto.

Inoltre, la società sta altresì cercando di sviluppare un treno espresso con orari pre-definiti per il settore dei carichi generali. Noi crediamo nell'approccio moderno e siamo sempre alla ricerca di soluzioni razionali dal punto di vista dei costi, quale ad esempio un software innovativo per la dislocazione del parco carri e la programmazione degli orari di lavoro dei ferrovieri" conclude.
(da: CargoSystems, Latin America supplement, dicembre 2003)




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Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
Filt Cgil, recognize maritime and port work as arduous
Rome
The union is calling for a clear provision to be included in the next budget law.
Escola Europea - Intermodal Transport celebrates its 20th anniversary
Barcelona
A Mediterranean sea voyage between Barcelona, Civitavecchia, Palermo, and Genoa.
Tanker attacked in Hormuz
Southampton
The unit continued its navigation regularly
FS Logistix and Interporto Bologna presented the first Italian experimental DAC train
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
Sanilog launches a special cancer prevention campaign.
Rome
Three new areas dedicated to the prevention of head and neck and oral cavity cancers and the assessment of vascular risk
Contract awarded for dredging and completion of the electrification of the docks at the port of Gioia Tauro.
Gioia Tauro
They will be carried out respectively by Dravo and RTI Saet-Suardi
Student Naval Architect Award Awarded in Genoa
Genoa
The d'Amico Group and the Royal Institution of Naval Architects recognize excellence in naval engineering.
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