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02 July 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXII - Number 1/2004 - JANUARY 2004

Trasporto ferroviario

Il boom dei carichi ferroviari brasiliani

In seguito all'ammissione, da parte del governo, che la privatizzazione costituisse la risposta a lungo termine ai problemi della rete ferroviaria, quest'ultima tra il 1996 ed il 1998 è stata suddivisa in sei regioni e le operazioni di trasporto merci sono state assegnate al settore privato mediante concessioni trentennali.

Oggi, tutte le operazioni di trasporto merci ferroviario sono state privatizzate ed i nuovi operatori stanno trasformando il settore ferroviario del paese. E, sebbene solo meno del 25% delle merci sia ancora trasportato via rotaia, le ferrovie hanno cominciato a recuperare qualche attività nei confronti del trasporto stradale dal momento della privatizzazione.

Le esperienze, le speranze ed i desideri di un operatore in particolare, la MRS Logistica, riassumono la nuova vena di efficienza, servizio ed investimento che attualmente motiva il settore ferroviario privato brasiliano.

La MRS (MRS Logística S.A.) è stata costituita nell'agosto 1996 e ha dato inizio alle operazioni il 1' dicembre dello stesso anno; essa è stata creata dal consorzio MRS che comprende le società minerarie MBR e Ferteco, nonché le fabbriche di acciaio CSN, Gerdau ed Usiminas.

Oggi la MRS - una delle maggiori concessionarie ferroviarie in Brasile - gestisce la rete ferroviaria regionale delle Ferrovia Federale Brasiliana denominata "Malha Sudeste da Rede Ferroviária Federal S.A.", che consiste nelle linee Juiz de Fora (SR3) e São Paulo (SR4).

Alla società sono stati assegnati i diritti di concessione ed il leasing sui beni operativi dopo aver presentato un'offerta vincente di 888,9 milioni di reais (900 milioni di dollari USA in quel momento) in occasione di una gara pubblica tenutasi alla Borsa Valori di Rio de Janeiro il 9 settembre 1996.

Le linee assegnate ai sensi di questa concessione per il trasporto merci ferroviario facevano in precedenza parte della vecchia Ferrovia Brasile Centrale; oggi, la MRS collega Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Minas Gerais, i tre principali centri brasiliani.

Per quanto le linee passeggeri delle aree metropolitane di Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo siano state escluse dalla concessione, la rete sud-orientale di binari lunga 1.674 km della MRS assicura un accesso diretto ad alcuni dei più importanti porti del paese, cioè Sepetiba, Guaiba, Rio de Janeiro e Santos.

Oggi, la MRS effettua altresì servizi intermodali dal porto di Rio de Janeiro a São Paulo e consegne "just-in-time" di parti di auto ad un terminal interno a Juiz de Fora.

Nel 1999 la MRS ha trasportato 55 milioni di tonnellate di merci - per lo più ferro grezzo - ed esse sono salite a 74,5 milioni di tonnellate nel 2002. Per il 2003 la società prevede fiduciosamente che i volumi dei carichi siano aumentati ad 86 milioni di tonnellate, con l'incremento dovuto principalmente alle maggiori importazioni di minerale grezzo di ferro ed alla crescita della domanda di prodotti agricoli.

Quale società progressista e rispettata, la MRS si è guadagnata molti plausi, tra i più recenti dei quali l'elezione quale "miglior ferrovia brasiliana per il 2002" da parte della Revista Ferroviária" nonché quale "migliore operatore logistico" del paese da parte della rivista "Transporte Moderno".

La MRS ha dovuto far fronte a molte difficoltà nel suo breve periodo di vita. Come spiega Julio Fontana, presidente della società, "i nostri primi mesi di operazioni sono stati dedicati all'adattamento della società alle sue nuove realtà amministrative, operative ed economiche".

Uno dei principali problemi per la società è stato rappresentato dal fatto che le operazioni da e per i porti di Santos e Rio de Janeiro sono stati ostacolati dall'intasamento ferroviario attorno alla città di São Paulo, dove i suoi treni merci sono stati limitati alle operazioni notturne poiché hanno dovuto condividere linee sulle quali i convogli passeggeri avevano la priorità.

Lo scorso anno la situazione è mutata quando, dopo trattative protrattesi a lungo, la MRS ha stipulato un accordo quinquennale con la società ferroviaria per il trasporto passeggeri di São Paulo.

Come spiega Fontana, "alla luce della nostra concessione governativa, abbiamo il diritto di accesso ai sensi della normativa brasiliana alle linee ferroviarie passeggeri allo scopo di oltrepassare São Paulo.

Tuttavia, allo scopo di assicurare la difesa dei nostri diritti operativi, abbiamo dovuto intraprendere un'azione legale, che alla fine ha indotto noi e la società ferroviaria passeggeri a raggiungere un compromesso stragiudiziale.

Sebbene l'accordo sia molto complicato, in termini semplicistici esso significa che, tenendo presente l'intasamento della rete ferroviaria di São Paulo, i treni passeggeri hanno la priorità nel corso delle ore di punta dell'affollamento. In cambio, noi disponiamo di "finestre" operative giornaliere tra le 9.00 e le 16.00 e tra le 21.00 e le 4.00".

Nel contempo, malgrado l'accordo, il governo dello stato di São Paulo e la MRS hanno cercato una proposta finalizzata alla costruzione di una ferrovia "circolare" per consentire ai treni merci di by-passare la città sulla direttrice da e per il porto di Santos quale soluzione a lungo termine per il problema.

La MRS attualmente lavora a stretto contatto con il porto di Sepetiba, dove dispone di un accesso ferroviario esclusivo ed è impegnata a sviluppare nuovi servizi ed a sfruttare ciò che essa ravvisa come "l'elevato potenziale di traffico intermodale" del porto.

Secondo l'amministrazione di Sepetiba, il porto dispone di eccellenti collegamenti con l'hinterland e sulle sue infrastrutture ferroviarie da banchina fa già viaggiare un treno espresso giornaliero dedicato alla volta di São Paulo. La rete della MRS Logistica è altresì connessa alla rete a scartamento ridotto (1 metro) centro-occidentale gestita dalla FCA (Ferrovia Centro Atlantico).

L'intenzione è quella di far partire alla fine altri servizi e di giungere al punto che il 50% di tutti i volumi containerizzati di Sepetiba vengano trasportati dentro e fuori il porto con i treni.

Sepetiba ha due tipi di carichi - contenitori e prodotti di acciaio - ed oggi "tutti i prodotti di acciaio del porto vengono adesso trasportati per ferrovia. Essi sono teoricamente adatti alla ferrovia dal momento che sono pesanti, possono essere movimentati alla svelta con attrezzature speciali e non sono fragili o sensibili ai tempi" afferma Fontana.

E' interessante notare come la MRS movimenti già circa 400.000 tonnellate al mese di prodotti finiti di acciaio per l'esportazione attraverso Sepetiba. Spiega Fontana: "Tutte le esportazioni di acciaio della CSN, così come le merci di molti altri produttori di tutto il Brasile, ora vengono movimentati attraverso Sepetiba dai centri di produzione connessi per ferrovia, ed il porto adesso rappresenta già uno dei più importanti scali del paese per l'esportazione dell'acciaio".

Inoltre, la MRS trasporta anche minerale grezzo di ferro per la CVRD dai terminals di Casa de Pedra, Alberto Flores ed Estação do Pires (Minas Gerais) per l'esportazione alla volta di Sepetiba; in programma, c'era la spedizione di 1,2 milioni di tonnellate da aprile a dicembre 2003.

Altri significativi volumi di carico hanno recentemente cominciato ad essere trasportati dalla MRS, tra cui prodotti forestali da esportazione (pasta di legno) per la VCP (Votorantim Celulose e Papel) dal suo impianto di Jacarei al porto di Santos.

Allo scopo di ottenere questo contratto, la MRS ha dovuto effettuare significativi investimenti quali la riattivazione della linea ferroviaria da Jacarei a Mogi de Cruzes, l'adattamento dei carri e la costruzione degli ampliamenti ferroviari presso l'impianto di Jacarei ed il terminal della VCP a Santos. Attualmente, vengono trasportate 50.000 tonnellate al mese.

Riguardo al trasporto containerizzato, la MRS trasporta prodotti chimici per la Rhodia-Ster da Paulina (inizialmente su camion al terminal Hamburg Sud/Aliança di Jundai) e poi per ferrovia sulla direttrice espressa MRS Santos-Jundai alla volta del porto di Santos. I volumi iniziali sono di 400 containers mensili.

Un altro traffico che ha avuto inizio di recente è quello del trasporto di prodotti di acciaio per la Belgo Mineira dal proprio impianto di Piracicaba per le esportazioni attraverso il porto di Rio de Janeiro, con volumi mensili di 12.000 tonnellate.

Anche per la Belgo Mineira, è stato recentemente dato il via ad un sistema Transtrailer allo scopo di trasportare prodotti di acciaio dall'impianto di Juiz de Fora al porto di Rio, con ritorno all'impianto con metalli di scarto.

L'innovativo sistema Transtrailer si basa su semirimorchi stradali che possono essere accoppiati in cima a carrelli ferroviari, diventando così carri ferroviari e combinando i vantaggi della ferrovia con la versatilità dei camion. Inizialmente, i convogli saranno formati da 10 Transtrailers che effettueranno un viaggio alla settimana in ciascun senso, per un trasporto mensile di 2.000 tonnellate di metalli di scarto.

"Come si può vedere, molte società adesso hanno un elevato grado di fiducia nel nostro servizio, e gran parte di essa dipende dall'ammodernamento delle nostre procedure amministrative, dall'investimento nella revisione del materiale rotabile e dei binari, dall'implementazione dei sistemi informatici e di controllo, nonché dall'introduzione di nuove tecnologie, allo scopo di migliorare sia la qualità che la sicurezza" afferma Fontana.

A partire dal 2000, la MRS ha investito circa 40 milioni di dollari in carri ferroviari e ha completamente revisionato molte locomotive ad uno standard molto alto, completo di garanzie.

Entro la fine del 2003, la MRS aveva acquistato 22 locomotive diesel elettriche General Electric (tra le quali nove unità GE C-30-7 da 3.300 CV e 13 unità GE C-36-7 da 3.600 CV) dagli Stati Uniti, nonché 10 unità GE C-30 dalla NREC (National Railway Equipment Co).

Una volta completate le consegne, il parco locomotive della MRS sarà aumentato sino a circa 300 unità rispetto alle 180 unità utilizzabili ereditate con la concessione.

Le locomotive andranno ad aggiungersi alla revisione di 300 carri HAS ed all'acquisto di altri 800 carri. "Abbiamo dovuto importare questi ultimi" dichiara Fontana "perché, data l'esistenza di un solo produttore di materiale ferroviario in Brasile, la GEVISA (una consociata brasiliana della General Electric), essa ha un registro di ordinazioni al completo e non può far fronte alla domanda di nuovo equipaggiamento e materiale rotabile".

La MRS è ora equipaggiata con 12.000 carri in grado di trasportare bobine di acciaio, carichi generali, rinfuse secche e minerali ferrosi grezzi, rispetto ai 5.000 carri utilizzabili che aveva trovato con la concessione (6.000 carri e 220 locomotive erano in condizioni così penose da essere immediatamente dismessi dalla MRS al momento dell'ottenimento della concessione).

"In termini di acquisto di locomotive, siamo stati fortunati per l'avvento della nuova tecnologia di locomotive AC negli Stati Uniti, che sta cambiando faccia al mercato Di conseguenza, gli Stati Uniti dispongono di oltre 3.000 locomotive di seconda mano disponibili ad un "prezzo molto ragionevole". Si tratta di un ottimo affare per noi, dal momento che le caratteristiche di queste macchine soddisfano tutte le esigenze comportate dalle operazioni in Brasile" dice Fontana.

"Per il futuro, continuiamo ad effettuare investimenti in equipaggiamenti, binari e soluzioni ad elevata tecnologia al fine di migliorare la nostra rete, incrementare la velocità di servizio ed assicurare servizi maggiormente efficienti. Così facendo, stiamo recuperando occasioni di lavoro a danno dell'autotrasporto.

Inoltre, la società sta altresì cercando di sviluppare un treno espresso con orari pre-definiti per il settore dei carichi generali. Noi crediamo nell'approccio moderno e siamo sempre alla ricerca di soluzioni razionali dal punto di vista dei costi, quale ad esempio un software innovativo per la dislocazione del parco carri e la programmazione degli orari di lavoro dei ferrovieri" conclude.
(da: CargoSystems, Latin America supplement, dicembre 2003)




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Barcelona/Valencia
Resumption of containers in transit at the Catalan port
Annual cargo traffic in Greek ports stable in 2024
Piraeus
Domestic volumes are growing, while foreign trade is decreasing
Perplexity of freight forwarders, customs agents and maritime agents of La Spezia at the transfer of the port of Carrara to the Tuscan AdSP
The Spice
Timidly, they "hope for consideration for the progress made so far"
Francesco Mastro appointed extraordinary commissioner of the Southern Adriatic Sea Port Authority
Rome
He will take up office on June 30th.
John Denholm to be new president of the International Chamber of Shipping
Athens
He will take over from Emanuele Grimaldi in a year
Extraordinary commissioners of the two Ligurian Port System Authorities have been installed
Genoa/La Spezia
Matteo Paroli and Bruno Pisano at the helm of the institutions
Container traffic at Hong Kong port drops sharply in May
Hong Kong
1.05 million TEUs were handled (-12.7%)
Assogasliquidi-Federchimica shows the way to accelerate the decarbonization of road and maritime transport
Rome
Amadei: Our sector is ready and the time has come for courageous industrial choices
Eagle S tanker command blamed for cutting submarine cables in Gulf of Finland
Advantages
The accident was caused by the ship's anchor
Online platform to report critical issues that put transport workers at risk
Genoa
It was prepared by Fit Cisl Liguria
GNV to create a direct summer connection between Civitavecchia and Tunis
Genoa
It will run alongside the historic route via Palermo
The unification of Grimaldi's concessions in the port of Barcelona has been completed
Madrid/Barcelona
The contract expires on September 20, 2035.
In the first five months of 2025, cargo traffic in Russian ports fell by -4.9%
St. Petersburg
A decrease of approximately -12% was recorded in May
Raben Logistics Group Creates Subsidiary in Türkiye
Milan
It will have 20 employees and a 2,000 square meter cross-dock warehouse
Alberto Dellepiane confirmed as president of Assorimorchiatori
Rome
The composition of the entire association leadership remains unchanged
Agreement between Fincantieri and Indonesian PMM to develop solutions to face new unconventional underwater challenges
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The Assarmatori assembly will be held in Rome on July 1st
Rome
"Mediterranean against the current" the theme of the meeting
The public meeting of the International Containers Studies Center will be held in Genoa on July 2nd
Genoa
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
US has its eye on Greek ports
(Kathimerini)
Proposed 30% increase for port tariffs to be in phases, says Loke
(Free Malaysia Today)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Structural adaptation works on dock 23 of the port of Ancona awarded
Ancona
Intervention worth over 11.8 million euros
Conference on the role of LNG and bioLNG for the decarbonisation of transport and industry
Rome
The Federchimica-Assogasliquidi event will take place on Monday in Rome
Dutch Bolidt increases presence in cruise ship sector with acquisition of American Boteka
Hendrik Ido Ambacht
Contship Italia has acquired the Genoese customs services company STS
Melzo
The Ligurian company was founded in 1985
Francesco Benevolo has been appointed extraordinary commissioner of the AdSP of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea
Rome
He is the operations director of RAM - Logistics, Infrastructure and Transport
Montaresi resigns as commissioner of the Eastern Ligurian Port Authority
The Spice
In the eight months of administration - he underlines - we have not lost even a second
Gurrieri has been appointed extraordinary commissioner of the AdSP of the Eastern Adriatic Sea
Trieste
Pending the completion of the formal process for the designation of the president
The commissioners of the AdSP of Western Liguria have handed over their mandate to Minister Salvini
Genoa
The decision is part of the process of designation and nomination of the new leaders
Confetra criticizes the provisions of the decree-law Infrastructure for road transport
Rome
The Confederation urges the blocking of the process of appointing the presidents of the port authorities
Taiwanese Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL saw revenue decline in May
Keelung/Taipei
The decline is accentuated for the two main companies
South Korea's KSOE wins order to build eight 15,900 TEU containerships
Seongnam
The unit value of each vessel is approximately $221 million.
First port terminal for car traffic of Greek Neptune Lines
Piraeus
It will be inaugurated next year in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
The assembly of the association of Genoese maritime agents and brokers will be held on June 16th
Genoa
Round Table on Genoa, the hub of the North West and the Mediterranean
BN di Navigazione Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
BluNavy aims to reach one million passengers by 2025
Viking Line designs world's largest all-electric ro-pax vessel
Viking Line designs world's largest all-electric ro-pax vessel
Åland
Record Monthly Container Traffic at Turkish Ports
Ankara
In May, almost 1.4 million TEUs were handled (+17.6%)
Sergio Landolfi has been elected president of the Customs Association of the Port of La Spezia
The Spice
The board of directors has been renewed
The ferry industry elite will attend the Interferry conference in Salerno in October
Victoria
Event titled "Connections"
Uniport launches an initiative to support ALS research
Rome
Fundraising for the NeMO Clinical Center Serena Foundation Onlus
The Propeller Club of Genoa has analyzed risks and opportunities of using AI in the maritime and insurance sectors
Genoa
The importance of training in the use of technology was highlighted
Chantiers de l'Atlantique delivers luxury cruising yacht Luminara to The Ritz-Carlton Yacht Collection
Saint Nazaire
The ship will debut in Alaska
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