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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXIII - Number 2/2005 - FEBRUARY 2005

Trasporto ferroviario

La Transiberiana sul binario giusto

Il traffico containerizzato che utilizza la Direttrice Ferroviaria Transiberiana (TSR) dall'Asia all'Europa Orientale continua a crescere in modo impressionante, alimentato dai miglioramenti del servizio e dall'esplosione dei traffici dalla Cina. Nel corso dei primi nove mesi del 2004, i traffici complessivi sono aumentati del 30% sino a 275.000 TEU. I traffici in direzione ovest dall'Asia alla Russia sono aumentati del 36% e quelli in direzione est di ritorno dall'Asia sono cresciuti del 19%.

I transiti inerenti ai carichi sono complessivamente aumentati del 38%. Sull'arteria di traffico dalla porta d'accesso marittima di Vostochniy-Nahodka a Buslovskaja sul confine finlandese, si stima che i traffici in transito per l'intero 2004 siano cresciuti del 26% sino a 125.000 TEU. La previsione si basa sui 99.000 TEU movimentati nel corso dei primi 10 mesi dell'anno. Gran parte di questi traffici sono costituiti da prodotti elettronici dalla Sud Corea, che alla fine tornano in Russia dopo essere stati immagazzinati in Finlandia. Il trasbordo dalla Corea del Sud a Vostochniy/Nahodka è assicurato da un'ampia gamma di vettori marittimi, tra cui APL, la CMA CGM, la Fesco e la Hyundai.

Non è chiaro, peraltro, quanta crescita dei carichi complessivi della TSR sia dovuta all'aumento dei traffici e quanta, invece, possa attribuirsi ai miglioramenti del servizio ferroviario. Tuttavia, secondo i dati recentemente pubblicati dalla FEFC (Conferenza Trasporto merci Noli Estremo Oriente), i traffici marittimi containerizzati complessivi dall'Asia all'Europa (Russia compresa) sono aumentati approssimativamente del 18% nel corso dei primi nove mesi dello scorso anno e lo stesso si può dire delle esportazioni di ritorno dall'Asia. Pertanto, anche ammettendo che il contributo della Russia a questa crescita possa essere stato leggermente maggiore in ragione dei rispettivi tassi di crescita del PIL, i miglioramenti del servizio devono avere svolto qualche ruolo nella vicenda.

I fornitori di servizi ferroviari quali la TIS (Transiberian Intermodal Service), la TSES (Trans Siberian Express Service) e la Eurosib - tre dei maggiori spedizionieri ferroviari impegnati nel settore - hanno certamente spostato le fermate per migliorare il supporto alla clientela. Ad esempio, a marzo del 2004, la TSES ha introdotto sulla propria homepage il tracking a vista di tutte le spedizioni trasportate lungo la rete ferroviaria della TSR e la sua flotta di camion gestita mediante la IKT di San Pietroburgo è stata completamente equipaggiata con un sistema di tracking satellitare, mentre la TIS ha inaugurato molte nuove tratte da e per l'Asia centrale.

Le velocità dei treni sono state incrementate dalla RZD, il fornitore di trazione appartenente allo Stato. Se ciò viene combinato con i miglioramenti dei servizi di raccordo dalla Corea del Sud e dalla Cina a Vostochniy, nonché con le modifiche ai terminal contenitori introdotte dal terminal VICS (Vostochniy International Container Service), adesso si possono reclamizzare con sicurezza tempi di viaggio pari a 18 giorni dalla Corea del Sud alla Finlandia.

Ulteriori miglioramenti alla velocità dei treni sono in corso. Recentemente, gli operatori portuali e ferroviari hanno cominciato ad inviare convogli containerizzati ad alta velocità da Vostochniy a Brest con tempi di viaggio di soli 8-9 giorni. I treni che trasportano contenitori attualmente si muovono ad una velocità di circa 1.000 km al giorno, ma è possibile fare molto di più. Un treno contenitore Jubilee ha viaggiato da Vostochniy a Buslovskaya (9.880 km) ad una velocità media di 1.123 km al giorno, grazie alla migliore elettrificazione della linea ferroviaria ed alla migliore qualità della massicciata. La RZD sta ora facendo altri passi per raggiungere una velocità media di 1.200 km al giorno, con obiettivo finale attestato a 1.400 km al giorno.

I miglioramenti infrastrutturali complessivi delle ferrovie in Russia hanno contribuito ad attirare più carichi sulla TSR, in primo luogo attraverso lo sviluppo di tratte nuove e più rapide. Ad esempio, il primo treno containerizzato da Nakhodka/Vostochniy ad Almaty nel Kazakhstan ricco di petrolio è stato fatto partire a dicembre del 2001. Ci vollero da 19 a 22 giorni perché giungesse a destinazione, ma è ora possibile portare a termine il viaggio entro 9-10 giorni, dopo lo sdoganamento.

Il primo treno contenitori in transito dalla Cina alla Finlandia, oltrepassando il capolinea ferroviario di Vostochniy/Nakhodka, è stato fatto partire attraverso la molto più corta tratta transfrontaliera a Zabaikalsk nello scorso mese di giugno. Secondo Robert Waterman, amministratore delegato della TSES, i collegamenti ferroviari diretti tra Cina ed Europa hanno un enorme potenziale di espansione". Il traffico della TSR dalla Cina è già aumentato del 30% lo scorso anno, ma, come è stato chiarito in precedenza, parte di tale crescita è dovuto alla normale crescita dei traffici. Non si dovrebbe nemmeno dimenticare che molte navi dalla Cina all'Europa salpano piene.

Con tali miglioramenti in vista, è facile prevedere solo cieli azzurri per i fornitori dei servizi della TSR. Ma fare in modo che tutto funzioni bene dal punto di vista operativo resta difficile. Una fonte che ha chiesto di restare anonima ha dichiarato: "Ad esempio, avevamo un cliente in Cina che si era convinto ad instradare i suoi carichi diretti in Germania attraverso la TSR invece che per mare, utilizzando un'impresa di autotrasporto locale per trasportare in modo meno caro i propri contenitori dalla Cina al confine russo. Ma, quando abbiamo interpellato gli ispettori doganali russi in loco, essi hanno chiarito che avremmo dovuto aspettarci lunghi ritardi, a meno che non ci fossimo serviti di un'impresa di autotrasporto russa. Ma i prezzi di quest'ultima hanno fatto naufragare l'affare, così abbiamo perso entrambi, invece di giungere ad un compromesso che avrebbe fatto vincere tutt'e due. Non siamo riusciti a capirci".

Tra gli altri problemi, c'è la carenza di attrezzature per la movimentazione di contenitori. Lungo la TSR ci sono 36 stazioni, ma solo 13 sono in grado di movimentare in modo efficiente contenitori da 40 piedi. Ed anche se la TSR ha una capacità teorica di 10 convogli al giorno, i terminal contenitori portuali ed i nodi ferroviari non sono ancora in grado di movimentare tali volumi.

L'organizzazione ferroviaria russa, appartenente allo Stato, è attualmente in fase di ristrutturazione al fine di contribuire a far fronte a tali difficoltà. Non è un compito facile per un organismo che comprende 17 ferrovie regionali e 85.000 km di binari che si estendono lungo 11 fusi orari, alcuni dei quali attraverso la tundra. Come primo passo, il potente Ministero delle Ferrovie russo è stato infine trasformato in una società per azioni (la RZD) all'inizio del 2004, ma con il governo russo quale unico azionista. La RZD è responsabile della trazione dei servizi merci e passeggeri, nonché delle infrastrutture, mentre le società consociate adesso si occupano della gestione delle attività non primarie, quali il trasporti merci specialistico e la manutenzione delle attrezzature.

La responsabilità inerente all'effettuazione dei servizi containerizzati è stata data ad una nuova società, la Transcontainer, alla quale stanno per essere trasferite tutte le infrastrutture per la movimentazione dei contenitori ed il materiale rotabile della RZD. Essa ha avuto inizi poco propizi, perché la nuova RZD ha chiarito di volere che la Transcontainer si impegni maggiormente in marketing e vendite dirette. Ciò significa vendere direttamente ai vettori marittimi, agli importatori ed agli esportatori, invece di fare affidamento su spedizionieri quali la TIS e la TSES. Nel confermare l'opinione della RZD per quanto attiene il ruolo degli intermediari, si dice che il vice presidente Khasyan Zyabirov si sia spinto sino a descrivere gli spedizionieri come "zecche sul corpo di un elefante".

A settembre del 2004, Sergei Grigorenko, direttore commerciale della TSES, ha accusato la RZD di star tentando di riportare la Russia all'era del controllo monopolistico, piuttosto che in quella della deregolamentazione: "Noi non intendiamo competere con le società che sono filiali della RZD, dato che cerchiamo di giocare su un campo livellato. Sappiamo che la Transcontainer non può assicurare il necessario accesso commerciale ai servizi della RZD che i clienti desiderano. Tuttavia, sembra che la Transcontainer/RZD voglia sbarazzarsi di noi mediante pratiche sleali. Alla fine, ne risulterà un'altra situazione in cui tutti perdono".

La sua premessa si fonda sul fatto che la maggior parte della gente impiegata nella Transcontainer era in precedenza alle dipendenze del vecchio Ministero dei Trasporti russo, di modo che presentano la medesima difficoltà a comprendere le esigenze dei clienti internazionali. Tra queste vi sono la necessità di una completa visibilità della catena delle forniture nonché dell'affidabilità degli orari, in ordine alle quali la TIS e la TSES hanno anni di esperienza alle spalle.

In seguito al gran baccano suscitato da tutti gli spedizionieri, la RZD sembra essersela presa con molta calma per quanto riguarda il trasferimento dei propri beni containerizzati alla Transcontainer. Osserva Eugeny Pogorelov, portavoce della Eurosib: "C'è stato un silenzio radio virtuale da parte della RZD sulla questione, di modo che potrebbe succedere che la politica in materia potrebbe cambiare".

Ciò detto, la guerra potrebbe non essere ancora finita, dal momento che la Transcontainer sta ora attivamente promuovendo se stessa sul mercato. Ad esempio, si mormora che essa abbia chiarito che a nessun altro sarà consentito di competere in relazione ai traffici ad alti volumi dei veicoli Hyundai dalla Sud Corea al nuovo impianto di assemblaggio del produttore nei pressi di Taganrog. Resta da vedersi se essa avrà successo o meno con tale politica.

Un'altra tempesta all'orizzonte è quella relativa ai programmi della RZD di costituire una società per azioni ferroviaria con il vettore marittimo statale Fesco, da denominarsi Russian Troyka. Le informazioni circa tale nuova società sono ancora vaghe, in particolar modo su come essa intenda competere con la Transcontainer ed i suoi clienti vettori marittimi. Secondo informazioni ottenute dalla Fesco, ci si aspetta che la Russian Troyka cominci ad operare nel primo trimestre del 2005, e che si concentri sulla direttrice da Vostochniy a Mosca. I suoi servizi potrebbero essere effettuati coordinandoli con quelli di un'altra consociata della Fesco, la Neokont, nella quale la Severstaltrans, società di trasporti di un'acciaieria russa, detiene l'altro 50%. Le due società stanno attualmente cercando di acquistare circa 1.000 carri ferroviari da 80 piedi ciascuno per il nuovo servizio.

Waterman della TSES rivela: "Ovviamente, non possiamo opporci a questa nuova società, partendo dal presupposto che la concorrenza resti leale, ma abbiamo delle preoccupazioni al riguardo, e lo stesso accade ad alcuni dei nostri vettori marittimi che competono con la Fesco. Tali preoccupazioni verranno dissipate solamente se la RZD assicurerà una completa trasparenza finanziaria in ordine ai suoi accordi di lavoro e finanziari con la Russian Troyka, perché l'ultima cosa che noi ed altri vettori marittimi vogliamo è un campo di gioco non livellato".

I futuri prezzi dei servizi TSR sembrano essere un'altra tempesta in formazione. Ai tempi del vecchio Ministero delle Ferrovie russo, i prezzi erano in parte determinati politicamente, compreso il sovvenzionamento dei servizi passeggeri da parte del trasporto merci. Molti sostengono che sono maturi i tempi per un cambiamento che possa liberare il vero potenziale della TSR. Ad esempio, il traffico alla volta dei paesi dell'Europa Occidentale oltre la Finlandia resta molto scarso poiché le tariffe di passaggio sono troppo care. E le tariffe ferroviarie transfrontaliere da Vostochniy alla Finlandia sono di gran lunga meno care delle tariffe locali da Vostochniy a Mosca, il che spiega in parte perché la tratta per Buslovskaya è così popolare, rispetto ai servizi diretti.

Tuttavia, dal momento dell'assunzione del controllo dopo averlo rilevato dal Ministero delle Ferrovie, la RZD/Transcontainer ha introdotto un certo numero di altri cambiamenti al modo in cui i prezzi relativi ai suoi servizi vengono fissati; non tutti quanti sono stati apprezzati dai clienti. Tra loro vi sono le penalità aggiuntive per i containers da 20 piedi, il cambiamento delle regole sul tasso di cambio ed il versamento dell'imposta sul valore aggiunto sul traffico in esportazione movimentato nei depositi esterni ai terminal contenitori portuali. Più di recente, è stato introdotto una tassa sulla scorta di sicurezza pari a 125 dollari USA/TEU.

Fa notare Waterman: "Non è sempre stato facile per noi spiegare questi cambiamenti ai nostri clienti a causa della rapidità del cambiamento, ma bisogna dire che la TSR resta competitiva perché anche le tariffe di nolo tutto-mare dall'Asia all'Europa stanno cambiando".

Su questo ha ragione, poiché le tariffe di nolo nel solo terzo trimestre del 2004 sono state più alte dell'11% di quelle dello stesso periodo dell'anno precedente. E molte navi dalla Cina salpano ancora piene.
(da: Containerisation International, gennaio 2005)




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The 2027 budget estimates for the two Port Authorities have been approved. Highlights include the Piombino dock, works in Livorno, and dredging and electrification projects in Sardinian ports.
Finding qualified personnel in Italian ports is increasingly difficult.
Naples
An analysis by Randstad Research of 13 professional profiles also highlights a marked gender imbalance
COSCO Shipping Ports reports record third-quarter revenue
Hong Kong
In the July-September period, net profit was 102.5 million dollars (+3.4%)
Approval for the 2027 budget forecast and the 2027-2029 POT of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority.
Gioia Tauro
The forecast document shows revenues of approximately 24 million euros and expenses of approximately 88 million
Ravenna native Bongiovanni confirmed as president of the Federagenti Youth Committee.
Rome
Renewal of the federation's board of directors
The 2027-2029 Three-Year Operational Plan for the Central Adriatic Port System has been approved.
Ancona
308 million euros of investments are planned, of which 218 million for the Marche region and 91 million for Abruzzo.
The 2027 budget forecast for the Western Liguria Port Authority has been approved.
Genoa
New surcharge on goods postponed to 2028
DP World opens a temperature-controlled warehouse near Bologna
Bologna
Surface area of 22 thousand square meters
Saipem wins two new offshore drilling contracts
Milan
The total value of the orders is approximately 121 million dollars.
Hanwha brings Philadelphia Naval Shipyard under Defense Division control
Arlington
The goal is to integrate the construction of commercial and military ships
The Ports of La Spezia and Carrara approve the 2027-2029 Three-Year Public Works Program and the 2027 Budget.
La Spezia
Pisano: PTLP concrete and consistent with currently available resources
Port concessions: Regional Administrative Court (TAR) blocks 2025 fee increase
Rome
The appeal of Assiterminal and sixteen port companies has been accepted.
Wärtsilä sees quarterly order increases, but not in the Marine segment
Helsinki
In the period July-September the company recorded a net profit of 125 million euros (-31%)
Montaresi appointed general secretary of the Eastern Ligurian Sea Port Authority for another four years.
La Spezia
Renewal of office on the proposal of President Pisano
Double ceremony for two Explora Journeys ships at the Fincantieri shipyard in Genoa
Genoa
Launch of "Explora V" and coin ceremony of "Explora VI"
Italian CMD passes under the control of the UAE group EDGE
Abu Dhabi/Rome
Cousins Mariano and Giorgio Negri retain a significant shareholding
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority presents the new layout of the port of Piombino.
Livorno
Gariglio: A concrete step towards industrial reconversion and the future of Piombino.
FS Logistix has purchased six new CZ LOKO locomotives for freight and shunting services
Rome/Prague
This is the fourth order of this type for the Czech company in ten years.
Port of Bremerhaven: The cruise ship Mein Schiff 3 collided with two container ships.
Bremen
No injuries. The cruise was canceled.
Paolo Moretti has been appointed CEO of RINA Spa.
Genoa
Giosuè Vezzuto has assumed the role of CEO of RINA Services
HD Hyundai and Kiewit to establish joint venture at new shipyard in the US
Houston/Seoul
The construction of both military and commercial vessels is planned
Konecranes' quarterly port equipment orders decline as revenue increases
Helsinki
Kuehne+Nagel's third quarter was very positive
Schindellegi
Growth in economic and operating results in all business segments
Wildcat's race for US defense: exclusive agreement with historic Fraser shipyard
Superior
The Miami Beach fund's operation is part of the government's plan to relaunch the American shipbuilding industry.
Port of Ancona: First single ZES authorization issued
Ancona
A three million euro investment in yacht construction has been unblocked.
Access to the port of Ravenna is authorized for vessels with a maximum draft of 11.00 meters.
Ravenna
Benevolent: it is a fundamental step for the economic and strategic development of the airport
Port of Genoa extends food inspection authorization to PSA SECH terminal
Genoa
The provision of the Ministry of Health expands the categories of products that can be subjected to control
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
ABB reports record orders of $12 billion in the third quarter.
Zurich
Revenues and profits also increased, while the group announced a joint venture with Mitsubishi Electric
In the third quarter of 2026, containers in the port of Barcelona decreased by -9.2%
Barcelona
The decline was driven by a 19.9% reduction in transhipment traffic.
COSCO Shipping Ports terminals set new quarterly container throughput record
Hong Kong
In the period July-September also volumes handled by CMPort
In August, the ports of Western Liguria handled 5.2 million tons of goods (+1.6)
Genoa
In Genoa, an increase of +6.1% was recorded, while Savona-Vado Ligure suffered a decrease of -10.0%.
Raben Italy opens a new warehouse in Pomezia
Milan
The goal is to consolidate the positioning and territorial expansion in road transport
Port of La Spezia signs agreement to develop blue economy and security projects
La Spezia
It was signed by the AdSP and the Foundation of the National Centre of the Underwater Dimension
The Port of Long Beach celebrates new monthly container throughput record
Long Beach
New all-time high also in the July-September quarter
The tender for the partial demolition of the North Pier of the Port of Ancona has been launched.
Ancona
The intervention includes the regularization of the relevant seabeds
HMM invests over $1.6 billion for 12 new container ships
Busan
By 2029, the delivery of eight 13,000 TEU vessels, three 2,800 TEU vessels and one 1,700 TEU vessel
Paolo Pessina confirmed as president of Federagenti
Rome
Unanimous vote of the Federation assembly
Negotiations have begun to renew the single collective bargaining agreement for the shipping industry.
Rome
The parties have agreed on a busy schedule of meetings
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 15.1% in the third quarter
Hong Kong
In September the increase was +25.0%
Maritime training: Appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) against the Port Authority's fee hike
Rome
ANIFORMAR, CONFORMAR, and 15 training centers challenge the MIT-MEF decree: increases reach up to 149.3%.
The Spinelli Group has opened a new empty container depot in Novi Ligure.
Genoa
Investment worth 14 million euros
Rhenus integrates its logistics services into a single hub at the Padua Interporto.
Padua
The site will bring together road transport, air and sea freight, warehousing and specialized services
A truck driver dies at the Cagliari canal port.
Cagliari
He would have been crushed by a load of large pipes
Maritime labor, Confitarma is concerned about the uncertainty arising from the Revenue Agency's interpretative stance.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries plans to expand shipbuilding capacity
Tokyo
The company plans to invest 100 billion yen
Trasportounito: The government is crazy if it thinks the road haulage crisis can be solved on its own.
Rome
Application of the diesel cost adjustment clause urged
Emanuele Grimaldi is the new president of the Malta International Shipowners Association.
Valletta
She takes over from Marily Frangista, who has been leading the association since April 2022.
The fourth edition of Green Logitics Expo kicks off tomorrow morning in Padua.
Padua
It will see the participation of over 300 exhibitors and the holding of 30 conference events
In the third quarter of this year, cargo traffic in Turkish ports decreased by -1.1%.
Ankara
Volumes to and from Italy grew by +6.2%
Assiterminal, the flexibility of the PRPs should take into account the relevant market in which the ports operate
Genoa
Cetus Maritime plans to list on the Euronext Growth Oslo stock market
Hong Kong
Acquisition of 16 ships in preparation for listing on the stock exchange
On Saturday, a U.S. jet struck a bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman.
Tampa
Centcom: The ship had attempted to enforce a naval blockade against Iran.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Assologistica event to discuss the Mediterranean strategy for Italian competitiveness
Rome
It will be held next October 30th in Naples
On Thursday, the Unione Interporti Riuniti will present the ELODIE project at the Chamber of Deputies.
Rome
The aim is to create a digital federation of interports
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del Presidente Mario Zanetti
Roma, 27 ottobre 2026
››› File
Ship hit near Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
A bullet started a fire which was later put out
OOCL reports 9.0% growth in vessel-borne volumes in the third quarter
Hong Kong
The increase in the value of maritime freight rates causes a +45.1% increase in revenues
HD Hyundai Marine Solutions to Acquire American Company Goltens Worldwide
Dubai/Seongnam
The company deals with the repair and maintenance of large marine engines and industrial machinery.
UNATRAS to the government: Immediately unblock measures to reduce diesel prices.
Rome
Road transport associations report delays and uncertainties in implementing the May 22 agreement and are calling for an urgent meeting.
Port of Taranto: Gugliotti renews his request to the government for funding for the port's wind farm.
Taranto
The project - he underlined - can neither be scaled down nor postponed.
Attack on a ship in the middle of the Persian Gulf
Southampton
The UKMTO reported that several projectiles caused casualties among the crew members.
Gioia Tauro: Addendum to the updated Port Plan approved
Gioia Tauro
The analysis will allow us to evaluate the Port Agency's employment and staffing needs.
Ships queuing, fuel wasted: how waiting at anchor can save you money.
Copenhagen
The Global Maritime Forum publishes Cargill's test results on 16 real-world voyages. Slowing down and arriving when the berth is free reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
ZIM raises full-year 2026 guidance
Haifa
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT expected to be $2.7 billion/$3.0 billion and $1.4 billion/$1.7 billion
Gabriele Sangiorgi appointed acting secretary general of the Ravenna Port Authority.
Ravenna
Fabio Maletti's term has expired
Port of Genoa: Messina Terminal workers strike for one hour for a month
Genoa
The company reports that one of the union members did not show up at the last meeting as part of the cooling-off procedure provided for by the National Collective Labour Agreement.
Port of Taranto, agreement to participate in the development of the Valbasento Interporto in Ferrandina.
Matera/Taranto
A logistical-functional masterplan will be developed within 180 days
Attica, the deficit is reduced thanks mainly to capital gains and coverage
Kallithea
First half of the year with fewer crossings and slightly increasing revenues
Since the beginning of the year, passengers and goods on GNV ships have increased by +2% and +5%
Marrakech
Three-year strategic partnership with the Office National Marocain du Tourisme
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