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21 September 2026 - Year XXX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXIII - Number 2/2005 - FEBRUARY 2005

Industria

Periodo di boom per le grosse gru

La domanda globale di gru a cavaliere bordo-costa di grandi dimensioni per la movimentazione di contenitori è ancora in fase di crescita, con altre consegne record per il 2004 e notevoli ordinazioni già effettuate con ultimazione prevista nel 2005.

La produzione è alimentata dall'espansione annua superiore al 10% dei traffici containerizzati movimentati dagli scali marittimi a livello mondiale e dalle recenti notevoli addizioni apportate alla flotta di portacontainers. Inoltre, una crescente quota del nuovo tonnellaggio è di capacità superiore ai 6.000 TEU, che richiede movimentazioni effettuate da gru delle maggiori dimensioni post-Panamax.

Uno sguardo alla Tabella 1 può fornire il quadro attuale della situazione. Oltre 400 nuove gru dedicate ai contenitori dovrebbero essere consegnate nel 2004-2005 (secondo i dati elaborati nel terzo trimestre 2004), e ciò andrà ad aggiungersi alla flotta attuale di circa 3.300 unità in servizio alla fine del 2003. Oltre 220 gru sono state installate nel corso del 2004, mentre più di 200 ulteriori unità sono previste in arrivo per l'anno successivo. Queste immissioni stanno cambiando notevolmente la composizione dell'attuale flotta mondiale di gru, dato che oltre il 55% di tutte le unità operative, ma appena il 15% delle consegne in programma, dispongono di uno sbraccio Panamax. In ulteriore contrasto, solo il 6,5% delle gru esistenti dispongono di uno sbraccio "super" o extra post-Panamax, pari a 60 metri ed oltre; esse comprendono circa la metà di tutte le consegne attuali.

TABELLA 1

FLOTTA MONDIALE DELLE GRU A CAVALIERE BORDO-COSTA
PER CONTENITORI AL TERZO TRIMESTRE 2004

Descrizione gru

Operative alla fine del 2003

Consegna prevista
nel 2004-2005

Panamax

 

Sbraccio inferiore a 44 m.

1.855

70

Post-Panamax

 

Sbraccio da 44 a 48 m.

578

32

Sbraccio da 48 a 52 m.

391

51

Sbraccio da 52 a 56 m.

202

36

Sbraccio da 56 a 60 m.

60

31

Sbraccio da 60 a 62 m.

99

52

Sbraccio da 62 a 64 m.

66

34

Sbraccio da 64 a 66 m.

46

78

Sbraccio oltre 66 m.

6

34

Totale complessivo

3.303

418

Nota: lo sbraccio è misurato dalla rotaia lato mare.
Fonte: Andrew Foxtrot Data

Il conteggio globale di queste gru dalle grandi dimensioni è in procinto di raddoppiare nel corso del 2004-2005, quando si prevede che ne verranno consegnate complessivamente circa 200. Ci sarà una grossa crescita proporzionale del numero di gru in grado di raggiungere distanze di 64 metri o maggiori, il che implica che la spinta verso lo sviluppo tecnico al limite e verso la realizzazione di capacità dalle dimensioni sempre più grandi non si è ancora esaurita. Più di 30 gru raggiungeranno uno sbraccio superiore ai 66 metri, il che equivale a 24 file di contenitori affiancati, mentre nel totale sono comprese alcune delle più grosse gru mai costruite, con una sbraccio di 70 metri.

La maggior parte delle gru costruite con uno sbraccio di 60 metri ed oltre sono in grado di movimentare le navi della generazione attuale che presentano un'ampiezza massima di 22 file e sono ricercate da tutti i terminal containers che aspirano allo stato di hub. Al fine di conseguire tale raggio d'azione, la maggior parte di loro viene costruita con un'altezza di sollevamento (al di sotto dello spreader) di almeno 40 metri. Esse sono altresì tra le unità più avanzate dal punto di vista tecnico, dal momento che di norma assicurano una velocità di avanzamento del trolley sino a 4 metri al secondo ed una velocità del paranco di carico di 1,5 metri al secondo come caratteristica standard. La maggior parte è inoltre classificata per sollevare 60 tonnellate ed oltre sotto lo spreader, mentre molte di loro d'altro canto sono caratterizzate da capacità di sollevamento abbinato.

Le gru che dispongono delle maggiori capacità post-Panamax vengono attualmente fornite ai porti di tutto il mondo, sebbene una grossa quota venga destinata in particolare nel Nord-Est asiatico ed in Cina. In effetti, la regione dell'Asia nord-orientale rappresenterà la percentuale maggiore di tutta la produzione di gru del 2004-2005, equivalente al 40% ovvero a 165 unità. Ci si aspetta che i porti in Europa ricevano quasi il 25% (91 gru), mentre le Americhe ne otterranno il 15% (62). Ciò lascia più o meno il 10% ciascuno per i terminals del Medio-Oriente (47) e del Sud-Est asiatico (38), ed appena una manciata di gru alle altre zone, che sono l'Africa (12) e l'Australasia (3). La maggior parte delle gru di dimensioni Panamax o più limitate post-Panamax vengono attualmente costruite per i porti europei, così come per l'America centro-meridionale, il Giappone, il Vietnam, la Thailandia, il sub-continente indiano e l'Australia.

Molte grandi gru con sbraccio di 60 metri ed oltre vengono acquisite dai grossi operatori terminalistici globali e sono destinati agli sviluppi di marchio. Tra questi ultimi sono compresi il Suez Canal Container Terminal di Port Said che nel 2005 dovrebbe ricevere due unità, ciascuna con uno sbraccio di 62,5 metri, il Porto di Mawan in Cina che riceverà in consegna otto unità (con sbraccio di 65 metri) nel corso del 2004-2005 ed il nuovo sito della Asia Container Terminals nel Kwai Chung T9 di Hong Kong. Quest'ultimo sta altresì acquistando otto gru con uno sbraccio di 65 metri. Tuttavia, uno dei maggiori nuovi sviluppi riguarda la Pusan Newport Corp, in Corea del Sud, che ha ordinato 18 gru (ancora una volta, tutte quante con uno sbraccio di 65 metri) con consegna prevista nel corso del 2005.

Alcune delle unità più grandi mai costruite sono in corso di acquisizione da parte di Singapore e Jebel Ali. La PSA ha ordinato 12 gru con un enorme sbraccio di 67 metri per il proprio terminal Pasir Panjang. La Dubai Ports Authority riceverà complessivamente 18 gru, tutte quante con sbraccio di 68 metri, in diverse riprese nel corso del 2004-2005. Altri importanti acquisti sono stati effettuati dalla Eurogate di Amburgo (5 unità), dalla APM Terminals di Algesiras (3), da Felixtowe (3), dalla Evergreen a Los Angeles (5) e dalla Virginia Port Authority (4), che hanno tutte quante ordinato gru con sbraccio di 62-63 metri. Altre tre gru delle stesse dimensioni sono in costruzione per il nuovo e del tutto automatizzato Tobishima Container Terminal di Nagoya. Altre ordinazioni, poi, di gru con sbraccio inferiore ai 60-61 metri sono state effettuate dalla SETO di Le Havre (6), dalla Kingston Port Authority in Giamaica (4) e dalla HHLA per il Container Terminal Alterwerden (6).

Un notevole gruppo di 24 gru, con sbracci minori di 55-56 metri, è nel frattempo in costruzione per vari siti ad Anversa. Tutte queste unità forniscono una capacità pari a 20 file di contenitori affiancati. Tra loro vi sono 10 gru destinate allo Home Terminal della MSC situato presso l'ampliamento Delwaide Dock e 6 unità per l'Antwerp Gateway Terminal in via di sviluppo nella zona del Duerganckdok. Quest'ultima dovrebbe essere gestita da un consorzio guidato dalla P&O Ports Antwerp ed esistono già delle opzioni per altre tre gru della medesima capacità. Altre sei gru sono state nel frattempo oggetto di un contratto per il progetto PSA/HNN (Hesse Noord Natie) sulla riva sinistra della Schelda. Altre due andranno al Noordzeeterminal (Banchina 913), gestito anch'esso dalla PSA/HNN, dove si aggiungeranno alle sei gru già in uso sul posto.

Come indicato sopra, la Cina è stata il centro focale di molte recenti consegne e 85 gru con sbraccio di 60 metri ed oltre dovrebbero essere installate nei suoi porti nel corso del 2004-2005. Tra coloro che le riceveranno vi sono Shekou (5 unità), Tianjin (6), Yantian (8), Ningbo-Beilun (8), Guangzhou (4) e Chiwan (8, tra cui 4 con uno sbraccio record di 70 metri). Complessivamente 16 gru andranno ad Hong Kong, tra cui le 9 destinate alla ACT. Tuttavia, la maggiore consegna singola è quella che è in procinto di essere effettuata a Shanghai. Otto in totale sono appena arrivate all'affermato Waigaoqiao Terminal, mentre 13 sono destinate al nuovo Yangshan Deepwater Terminal, che dovrebbe aprire nel 2005.

TABELLA 2

CONSEGNE MONDIALI DELLE GRU A CAVALIERE BORDO-COSTA
PER CONTENITORI NEL BIENNIO 2004-2005 (AL TERZO TRIMESTRE 2004)

Produttore

Unità in consegna nel 2004-2005

ZPMC

221

Gruppo Fantuzzi

35

Paceco (titolari di licenza)

30

Kalmar Industries

30

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

30

Liebherr Container Crane

16

Gruppo IMPSA

10

Kocks Cranes

9

Kranbau Eberswalde

9

Konecranes

8

Altri

26

Totale complessivo

418

Fonte: Andrew Foxtrot Data

La necessità per la Cina di capacità aggiuntiva in termini di gru è notevolissima, dal momento che le prestazioni annue complessive dei suoi scali marittimi continuano a crescere e ci si aspetta che abbiano raggiunto i 75 milioni di TEU nel 2004. Essa ha già sorpassato gli Stati Uniti quale primo paese al mondo per la movimentazione di containers ed attualmente rappresenta quasi un quarto dei traffici mondiali di box. Tuttavia, questo paese è altresì la sede del più grande produttore mondiale di gru bordo-costa per contenitori e così riesce anche a trarre vantaggio da una fornitura locale garantita. La ZPMC (Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co) da tempo trae guadagni dalla propria vicinanza, così come altri vantaggi in termini di concorrenza, ed oggi fa fronte ad oltre il 50% della domanda mondiale di gru.

Ciò è equivalso ad un registro di ordinazioni di più di 220 gru da consegnare complessivamente nel biennio 2004-2005 (Tabella 2) e nessun altro fornitore può rivaleggiare con la sua posizione. Il secondo produttore in classifica è il gruppo italiano Fantuzzi che, unitamente alla Noell Crane Systems ed alla sua importante consociata cinese costruttrice, nel 2004-2005 dovrebbe realizzare 35 gru.

Altre 30 dovrebbero provenire dai titolari di licenza della Paceco, guidati dalla Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding. Altri importanti fornitori sono la Kalmar Industries Sweden, la Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, la Liebherr Container Cranes e la IMPSA.

La ZPMC sta già facendo fronte a tutta la domanda derivante da attività commissionate dai terminals in Cina così come ad una crescente quota di clienti in Europa, nelle Americhe ed altrove. Essa si occupa altresì della produzione di una quota molto alta delle gru delle massime dimensioni e lavora su molti dei progetti di maggiori dimensioni e prestigio. Ad esempio, si è assicurata l'ordinazione della DPA, così come quelle recentemente effettuate dalla SETO/Le Havre, dalla Eurogate/Amburgo, dalla Evergreen/Los Angeles, dalla Virginia Port Authority, dalla PSA/Pasir Panjang e dalla Pusan Newport Corp.

Anche la produzione della Fantuzzi/Noell è allo stesso modo diffusa a livello globale, sebbene su scala minore. Vendite sono state recentemente effettuate a porti in Francia, Italia, Egitto, Stati Uniti, Colombia, India, Thailandia e Hong Kong. I titolari di licenza della Paceco, al contrario, hanno tendenzialmente servito sempre più le zone del proprio mercato locale, con sedi in Europa ed Asia. La Kalmar ha fatto lo stesso col Nord Europa e, in virtù del rilevamento delle attività in precedenza appartenenti alla Dutch Nelson, ha fatto fronte all'intera serie di ordinazioni effettuate dai terminals di Anversa.
(da: PortStrategy, dicembre 2004)




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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
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Brussels
Landings and embarkations decreased by -2.0% and -6.4% respectively
A series of meetings on the new Port System Master Plan for the ports of Genoa and Savona-Vado has begun.
Genoa
The new concession agreement with Amico & Co Spa has been finalized.
Port of Ravenna: Extraordinary maintenance of the "truck-accessible" section of Via Baiona has been approved.
Ravenna
MacGregor will celebrate the 65th anniversary of its Italian branch in Genoa
Genoa
The company is based in the Naval Repair area of the port of Genoa
Anemoi wind propulsion system to be installed on a Maersk container ship
London
The aim is to increase the ship's energy efficiency and reduce its emissions.
The selection process for the new Secretary General of the Central-Northern Adriatic Sea Port Authority has begun.
Ravenna
Expressions of interest to be submitted by September 21st
MacGregor opens a new technical assistance center in Trieste
Stockholm
The main focus will be the European area, including the specialized megayacht sector.
Tanker hit by three shells in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
An accident also in the Indian Ocean
Floriana Gallucci is the new secretary general of the Ionian Sea Port Authority.
Taranto
The Management Committee of the institution has approved the appointment
Crew of ferry that sank in Northern Cyprus arrested
Nicosia
Eight people died in the accident. 17 other passengers are missing.
Singamas's profit halved in the first half of 2026
Hong Kong
The Chinese company is focusing on energy containers. During the period, sales of specialized containers exceeded those of standard boxes for the first time.
CIMC sells more containers, but profits plummet
Hong Kong
Half-year profit in this business segment fell by -81.2%
In the first half of this year, China
COSCO Shipping Ports reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Hong Kong
Net income for the first six months of 2026 was $276.6 million (+23.2%)
In the first six months of 2026, CMPort's revenues grew by +13%
Hong Kong
Net profit up 7.4%
Meyer Werft revenues to grow by 107% in 2025
Papenburg
The financial year ended with a net loss of -383.8 million euros
Messina will launch the new West Med Line scheduled service in September
Genoa
It will bring together existing services for Algeria and Libya
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The event "Cyber-resilience in the maritime sector: defense, regulations, and European cooperation" will take place in Rome on Tuesday.
Rome
It is organized by Var Group and Confitarma
The port's future is at the center of the event celebrating the 80th anniversary of Assosped Venezia and Asamar Veneto.
Venice
A conference on Friday will be the highlight of the festival
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Cosco Shipping arm readies China IPO to capitalise on global shipbuilding wave
(South China Morning Post)
Rosatom expects cargo traffic along Northern Sea Route to rise 14% in 2026 - CEO
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The launch of the luxury cruise ship Oceania Sonata was celebrated in Marghera
Trieste
The unit is scheduled for delivery in 2027.
Tarros will include the port of Salerno in its Italy-Libya Express service.
La Spezia
The vessel "Vento di Zefiro" will be placed on the route
MPCC reports declining quarterly results as part of fleet renewal plan
Oslo
Kuehne+Nagel's honorary president has died.
Schindellegi
Klaus-Michael Kühne had joined the family business in 1958
In July, Spanish ports handled 47.7 million tonnes of goods (-1.8%)
Madrid
Containers amounted to 1,581,071 teu (-5.6%)
A shipment of 65 kilograms of cocaine was seized in the port of Livorno.
Livorno
It would have brought in around 20 million euros to the criminals
Join us at the Communion and Liberation Meeting in Rimini
Rome
Participation in the exhibition area of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
Port of Ravenna: Executive project for redevelopment of the "Ex Carni" area begins
Ravenna
The aim is to give full functionality to a new logistics and industrial sector in the port area
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras decreased by 11.4% in July.
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2026 the decline was -3.3%
Hupac will strengthen its intermodal service between Basel and Busto Arsizio.
Noise
An eighth weekly rotation will be introduced from September 7th
Sallaum creates a company for land logistics of cars in Europe
Vilnius
It will initially be equipped with 50 car transporters and the fleet will reach 300 vehicles by 2029
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Taranto grew by +6.7%
Taranto
An increase of +104.9% was recorded in July
Viking Holdings Cruise Line Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Los Angeles
Net profit of $587.7 million (+33.8%)
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles dropped 5.8% last month.
Los Angeles
In the first seven months of 2026, growth of +1.8% was recorded
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach dropped 1.7% in July.
Long Beach
In the first seven months of this year, total traffic was 5,758,086 TEUs (+1.2%)
In the second quarter, RCL recorded an increase in revenues that was outweighed by the increase in operating costs
Bangkok
Net profit down 1.1%
Danish DFDS's quarterly financial performance improves
Copenhagen
In the April-June quarter, rolling stock transported by the fleet increased by 1.1%. Passengers decreased by 8.9%.
Container traffic at HHLA terminals decreased by -8.0% in the second quarter
Hamburg
Revenues increased by 2.5%. Operating costs increased by 5.7%.
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