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15 September 2025 - Year XXIX
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXV - Number 5/2007 - MAY 2007

Tecnologia informatica

Nuove soluzioni di e-commerce per il controllo della posizione dei carichi

Negli ultimi anni si è assistito all'impiego di mega-navi da parte di diversi operatori marittimi nelle proprie direttrici di traffico più attive, nell'ambito delle quali le unità da 6.000 ad 8.000 TEU sono divenute i cavalli di battaglia in rotte quali il transpacifico e l'Europa/Estremo Oriente.

Inoltre, la Maersk Line ha iniziato ad impiegare navi da 11.000 TEU ed altri vettori vi si adatteranno entro i prossimi due o tre anni, dato che la CMA CGM e la MSC hanno recentemente migliorato alcune delle proprie navi della classe da 9.000 TEU al fine di raggiungere la fascia dimensionale degli 11.000 TEU.

Le mega-navi possono assicurare notevoli vantaggi operativi ai vettori marittimi, compresi maggiori margini di profitto, procurando il conseguimento di livelli di utilizzazione decenti. Esse possono altresì mettere gli operatori in condizione di accrescere la propria quota di mercato su determinati traffici e persino di fare il proprio ingresso in nuovi mercati.

Si può sostenere che tali vantaggi non vengano condivisi con i caricatori e/o gli intermediari. Infatti, molto spesso, questi ultimi possono essere assoggettati ad effetti negativi in seguito all'impiego di un tonnellaggio così grande. Inoltre, molti vettori marittimi hanno accentrato i propri centri di servizio alla clientela, costringendoli a fare una maggior uso dei sistemi informativi di commercio elettronico sviluppati dai vettori.

Le soluzioni di e-commerce offerte dalla maggior parte dei siti dei principali vettori marittimi non sono riuscite ad alleviare i problemi dei caricatori e dei loro soci nella catena delle forniture. Tipicamente, le soluzioni di commercio elettronico assicurano due specie di applicazioni:

  • il trattamento delle prenotazioni ed il rilascio della relativa documentazione;
  • il monitoraggio del percorso dei carichi.

L'efficienza conseguita dal trattamento dei documenti online per i caricatori è relativamente poco significativa dal punto di vista dei costi. Queste applicazioni si limitano a dirottare il costo del lavoro associato a tali applicazioni sui caricatori, allontanandolo dai vettori marittimi.

Ciononostante, l'emersione di una nuova generazione di soluzioni di e-commerce, vale a dire di sistemi intelligenti per lo shipping, offre qualche speranza per il futuro. Questi nuovi sistemi promettono un diverso approccio alle informazioni sulla movimentazione e la lavorazione dei carichi marittimi che va ben oltre il conseguimento di efficienze dall'automazione delle procedure di documentazione o dall'assicurazione della visibilità dei carichi durante il tragitto (tracking & tracing).

Per comprendere la necessità della loro realizzazione, si è dovuto ammettere che le conseguenze della riduzione dei porti di scalo da parte dei vettori marittimi mediante l'impiego di mega-navi non sempre sono vantaggiose per i caricatori, che invariabilmente si trovano a dover fronteggiare esigenze di trasporto aggiuntive ed una maggiore dipendenza dai servizi di trasbordo e di raccordo. Ciò può allungare i tempi di consegna dei carichi, aggravare il rischio di perdita e/o danneggiamento dei carichi e comportare maggiori costi di spedizione.

Infatti, l'impiego di navi più grandi ha introdotto un nuovo livello di complessità nelle procedure relative al trasporto marittimo, tale da comportare spesso ritardi, confusione e disinformazione.

Per i porti, invece di ricevere un flusso straordinario gestibile di volumi di carico, la super-generazione di tonnellaggio post-panamax potrebbe comportare modelli grafici delle consegne "a sega dentata". Le mega-navi hanno ingenerato il raddoppio - o persino la triplicazione - dei volumi containerizzati presso determinati porti, mentre la capacità e le infrastrutture di movimentazione presso i terminal, le ferrovie e le imprese di autotrasporto non hanno avuto un'espansione ai medesimi ritmi, cagionando perciò notevoli intasamenti nella catena logistica.

Infatti, le limitazioni di capacità nella movimentazione dei containers stanno a significare che i carichi vengono portati via dagli scali marittimi in un periodo di tempo relativamente più lungo.

Altra confusione viene ingenerata dal deterioramento del servizio clienti offerto dai vettori marittimi. Le compagnie di navigazione, avendo consolidato le proprie operazioni - talvolta mediante fusioni ed acquisizioni - hanno anche accentrato i propri centri di servizio alla clientela.

La maggior parte di questi centri sono dotati di personale ad un livello tale da non essere in grado di gestire gli elevati picchi di volumi di carico trasportati dalle mega-navi. Di conseguenza, gran parte dei caricatori/consegnatari debbono rassegnarsi a lunghe attese quando tentano di chiedere notizie circa la posizione dei propri carichi. E quando finalmente riescono a rintracciare un operatore del servizio clienti, ottengono la stessa informazione disponibile sul sito web del vettore.

Il tracking dei carichi ed il tipo di visibilità dell'applicazione hanno conseguito un'elevata accettazione perché, in parte, essi forniscono informazioni circa la localizzazione di vari containers. I caricatori sono contenti di riuscire ad ottenere tale visibilità dei carichi nel corso del viaggio. Sapere dove si trova il contenitore, spesso comporta l'effettuazione di telefonate mirate al fornitore del servizio, che è in possesso del container, al fine di contribuire a spingere il passaggio del container stesso alla fase successiva della catena delle forniture.

I caricatori/consegnatari si rendono conto che le attuali applicazioni sono molto meglio di quanto non venisse fatto in passato, ma ammettono anche che le informazioni ottenute da tali sistemi sono poco adatte ad aiutarli a prendere le migliori decisioni al fine di ottenere vantaggi per le proprie società ed i propri clienti.

Con l'impiego di un numero maggiore di mega-navi, lo scarso livello del servizio clienti dei call center dei vettori marittimi e la limitatezza delle informazioni disponibili circa la posizione di ciascun contenitore, ai caricatori/consegnatari viene lasciata molto poca - se non nessuna - capacità di controllo dei flussi di carico lungo tutta la catena delle forniture.

Di conseguenza, i caricatori si sentono sempre più frustrati in relazione allo stato attuale delle cose e ciò è divenuto sempre più evidente, dato l'elevato livello di produttività di cui i vettori marittimi hanno usufruito negli ultimi anni.

Inoltre, dal momento che i vettori marittimi non cesseranno di impiegare le mega-navi, è assolutamente logico presumere che i problemi di cui si è parlato sopra continueranno ad esistere. Porti, navi di raccordo, chiatte fluviali ed altri fornitori di logistica stanno tutti quanti tentando di incrementare la capacità allo scopo di far fronte ai mutamenti dei flussi di carico.

Al momento attuale, i caricatori, gli intermediari ed i fornitori di logistica dispongono di un'opzione più pratica che può aiutarli a risolvere tali problemi. La soluzione si riferisce sia ad un cambiamento delle procedure di lavoro, sia ai sistemi di informazione sul trasporto marittimo utilizzati per ottimizzare le operazioni giornaliere. Come già detto, stanno emergendo nuovi sistemi intelligenti per lo shipping. Questi ultimi presentano caratteristiche assai desiderabili che promettono di rendere la vita molto più facile per tutti coloro che hanno dovuto subire l'impatto comportato dall'impiego delle mega-navi da parte dei vettori marittimi.

Gli attuali sistemi di commercio elettronico forniscono dati storici in ordine alle spedizioni già in viaggio, con aggiornamenti di stato sulla localizzazione del carico lungo la catena delle forniture ad un dato momento: cioè, tutti i dati si fondano o sul trattamento della documentazione o sugli eventi storici relativi al monitoraggio del percorso del carico. In confronto, le soluzioni di e-commerce relative ai sistemi intelligenti per lo shipping fanno compiere qualche passo avanti a tale informazione mediante la fornitura di prospetti che guardano avanti circa le varie procedure associate all'avanzamento del carico lungo la catena delle forniture.

Ciò si ottiene mediante la combinazione degli attuali rapporti sullo stato dei carichi con altre fonti di informazione. Questi dati in più si possono conseguire dall'analisi statistica delle scorse spedizioni oppure ottenendo informazioni correlate allo shipping da fonti non tradizionali.

Dal 2002, si è dovuto dichiarare alle autorità doganali i carichi destinati agli Stati Uniti ed al Canada prima della partenza della nave dal porto d'imbarco. Lo scorso anno, queste regole sono state estese fino a farvi ricomprendere i carichi trasbordati nell'ultimo porto d'imbarco prima dell'arrivo in Nordamerica. Questi dati vengono attualmente utilizzati al fine di ottenere lo sdoganamento iniziale. Tuttavia, questa informazione è importante anche per le operazioni giornaliere dei vettori, dei caricatori e dei fornitori di logistica.

I vettori marittimi possono facilmente tenere sotto controllo i tempi che ci vogliono per eseguire il pagamento del nolo, produrre una polizza di carico, rilasciare il carico ed ottenere lo sdoganamento. Attualmente, tali informazioni non si ottengono oppure si ottengono per mezzo di osservazione diretta. Viene utilizzata la più avanzata generazione di software per tenere automaticamente sotto controllo il tempo che ci vuole per completare ciascuna fase di lavoro. Unitamente ai volumi attesi, i dirigenti dei call center delle linee di navigazione sono in grado di pianificare facilmente il livello di dotazione organica di personale atta a far fronte alle sfide apportate dall'arrivo di una mega-nave nel porto di sbarco.

La medesima informazione sui volumi di carico, unitamente alle informazioni statistiche in ordine alla movimentazione dei carichi nel corso di un trasbordo presso un certo porto in un determinato momento dell'anno, potranno essere di aiuto nella programmazione anticipata delle procedure inerenti alle navi di raccordo ed alle risorse intermodali. Ciò agevolerà la movimentazione dei containers in uscita dalle mega-navi e dal porto secondo modalità più facili rispetto a quelle in uso oggi.

Le attuali soluzioni di e-commerce assicurano informazioni sulla visibilità dei carichi la cui utilizzazione è assai limitata. Si prenda ad esempio in considerazione il caso in cui qualcuno intraprenda un lungo viaggio con un'auto equipaggiata con GPS (sistema di posizionamento globale). Il GPS fornisce la localizzazione attuale, in termini di latitudine e longitudine. Senza una mappa che mostri la localizzazione relativa al percorso programmato, il tempo e la distanza che mancano alla destinazione finale, le condizioni meteorologiche sui diversi percorsi futuri e le condizioni di traffico su ciascun percorso, l'autista non può prendere decisioni completamente informate che assicurino l'arrivo in sicurezza della macchina nel minor tempo possibile.

Allo stesso modo, è vero che il caricatore ha bisogno di sapere dove si trova il container ad un dato momento, ma, inoltre, gli sarà molto utile sapere quanto ritardo esso ha attualmente e quali conseguenze andrà a provocare sulla data di consegna finale del carico. La carenza di conoscenza in ordine alle condizioni di intasamento del porto, alla disponibilità delle navi di raccordo o dei camion addetti alla raccolta dei carichi, una volta arrivati in porto, nonché alle avverse condizioni meteorologiche, sono tutti fattori che potrebbero contribuire ad ulteriori ritardi.

Il poter disporre di una tale conoscenza integrata aiuterà i caricatori a prendere le decisioni migliori e più adatte alle proprie operazioni, rendendoli più preparati all'arrivo del carico ovvero a dirottare il carico su una rotta più idonea quando è necessario.

I sistemi informativi sullo shipping assicurano un nuovo strumento per il controllo del percorso del carico e per la sua visibilità. Essi forniranno ai caricatori dati maggiormente integrati allo scopo di conseguire tale nuovo livello di gestione dei carichi in viaggio. Infine, i caricatori potranno disporre di un migliore controllo sui propri carichi e saranno messi in grado di effettuare migliori servizi per i propri clienti.

I sistemi informativi sullo shipping promettono di rivelarsi un vero e proprio hub di tutte le informazioni attinenti ai carichi in viaggio. Con le informazioni integrate derivanti da statistiche attendibili e dall'attuale stato dei carichi, possono essere sviluppati modelli di previsione assai realistici e si possono migliorare le procedure lavorative. E' un nuovo approccio di gestione della catena delle forniture quello di migliorare la pianificazione, monitorare e controllare gli sforzi correlati allo shipping globale, in special modo quelli relativi alle operazioni delle mega-navi.

Sebbene i sistemi informativi sullo shipping non siano ancora a disposizione dei caricatori, appariranno su un portale abbastanza noto nei prossimi mesi. Questa nuova generazione di soluzioni di e-commerce consentirà ai caricatori di tenere sotto controllo le proprie spedizioni come mai è avvenuto prima. La semplice automazione delle procedure ed il tracking dei carichi diventeranno presto un ricordo lontano. Le capacità di questi nuovi sistemi avranno utilizzazioni maggiori di quelle sopra descritte. La nostra capacità di utilizzarle al massimo avrà il solo limite della nostra immaginazione.
(da: Containerisation International, aprile 2007, pag. 69)




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Genoa
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Trieste
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Rome
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SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
In the first eight months of 2025, container traffic in the port of Gioia Tauro grew by +10.6%
Gioia Tauro
2,912,943 TEUs were handled
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Gothenburg
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Meyer Turku begins construction of Royal Caribbean's fourth "Icon"-class cruise ship
Miami/Turku
It will be delivered in 2027
More than one in ten maritime shipments has shortages
Washington
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Ravenna
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In the first quarter of 2025, freight traffic in Belgian ports fell by -3.2%.
Brussels
Landings down 1.3% and embarkations down 5.4%
Product tanker High Fidelity rescues 38 migrants on a drifting dinghy
Rome
Intervention in the south of the island of Crete
GES and RINA sign agreement to develop a prototype of a new hydrogen battery
Rovereto/Genoa
PSA's second phase of container terminal at Mumbai Port inaugurated
Singapore
Annual traffic capacity will increase to 4.8 million TEUs
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
Fincantieri and PGZ sign an agreement to support the modernization of the Polish Navy
Trieste
The third LSS section for Chantiers de l'Atlantique was launched in Castellammare di Stabia.
In the US, funding for wind energy development projects in ports is being cut.
Washington
Resources worth $679 million will be reallocated for port infrastructure upgrades
From January 1st, Kombiverkehr will operate the PKV intermodal terminal in the port of Duisburg.
Frankfurt am Main
It has a traffic capacity of approximately 200 thousand intermodal units per year.
Wallenius Marine and ABB form Overseas joint venture
Stockholm
The aim is to accelerate the launch of the platform of the same name for improving fleet performance.
DHL eCommerce has acquired a minority stake in Saudi Arabia's AJEX Logistics Services.
Bonn/Riyadh
The Middle Eastern company has two thousand employees
The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has asked the Region to agree on the appointment of Bagalà as president of the Sardinian Port Authority.
Rome
He is currently the extraordinary commissioner of the same body
CMPort's port terminals handled record container traffic in the second quarter
Hong Kong
In the first six months of 2025 the total was 78.8 million TEUs (+4.3%)
Confitarma approves the decree on advanced training for tanker seafarers.
Rome
Applause to the General Command of the Port Authority Corps
Quarterly freight traffic in Moroccan ports increases
Tangier/Casablanca
In Tanger Med the growth was +17%
The board of directors of the Genoa-based Ente Bacini has been renewed.
Genoa
President Alessandro Arvigo and CEO Maurizio Anselmo
In the second quarter, sales of dry containers produced by CIMC fell by -33%.
Hong Kong
Reefer boats increase by 57%
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the Grande Shanghai
Naples
It will be used for the transport of vehicles between East Asia and Northern Europe
Chinese automaker FAW ships components to Europe by train
Changchun
Transit time reduced to 18 days compared to 45 days for maritime transport
The ART urges to verify that the investment plan and the related amortization period are consistent with the duration of the port concessions.
Turin
Opinions regarding the concession extensions requested by the Neapolitan companies So.Te.Co. and Co.Na.Te.Co.
The assets and fleet of the Spanish Armas Trasmediterránea will be sold to Baleària and DFDS
Las Palmas/Dénia/Copenhagen
Two agreements worth €215 million and €40 million respectively have been signed.
Italian State Railways (FS), investing €70 million to install the ERTMS system.
Rome
Work has been completed on 382 Trenitalia trains, while the retrofitting of 60 locomotives from Mercitalia Rail, an FS Logistix company, is underway.
MPC Container Ships' quarterly revenue returns to growth
The second quarter of 2025 was closed with a net profit of 78.1 million dollars (+20.5%)
Plans to build two container customs areas north and south of the Suez Canal
Cairo
Fourteen of the 48 abandoned shipwrecks in Catania port have been removed.
Catania
The activity will be replicated in the port of Augusta
The Regional Administrative Court (TAR) has confirmed the validity of the tender for the new Ravano Terminal in the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
DP World's port terminals handled record quarterly container traffic
Dubai
Revenues grew by 22.2% in the first half of 2025
In the quarter April-June the volume of rolling stock transported by Höegh Autoliners increased by +9.0%
Oslo
Sharp increase (+46.6%) of vehicles from Asia
South Korea's HD Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering acquires Vietnam's Doosan Enerbility
Seongnam
It manages an industrial area with its own port facility
Container traffic in the port of Algeciras grew by 6.6% in July
Algeciras
In the first seven months of 2025, a decrease of -2.9% was recorded
In July, the port of Valencia handled 488,000 containers (+6.7%)
Valencia
Increase driven by growth in empty containers
Salvini has appointed Annalisa Tardino as extraordinary commissioner of the Western Sicilian Sea Port Authority.
Rome/Palermo
The President of the Sicilian Region announces the appeal against the provision
The materials dredged in the ports of La Spezia and Carrara will be used for the construction of the new breakwater in Genoa.
Genoa/La Spezia
Agreement between the two Ligurian Port System Authorities
X-Press Feeders denounces authorities' failure to acknowledge responsibility in the X-Press Pearl accident
Singapore
According to the company, the Supreme Court ruling ignores international maritime law
Cargo traffic in Russian ports remained stable in July
St. Petersburg
In the first seven months of 2025, loads decreased by -4.6%
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong decreased by -6.5% in July
Hong Kong
A decline of -3.7% was recorded in the first seven months of 2025
In July, the Port of Singapore set a new all-time record for monthly container traffic with 3.9 million TEUs.
Singapore
In terms of weight, containerized cargo decreased by -3.6%
Compensation to be paid by the Civitavecchia Port Authority in the Fincosit case has been set at €1.5 million.
Civitavecchia
Latrofa: The ruling allows the release of set-aside sums that have frozen the budget for years.
Germany's HHLA posts record quarterly revenue
Hamburg
In the second quarter, the group's port terminals handled 3.2 million containers (+7.9%)
In the first half of 2025, CK Hutchison's port terminals handled 44 million containers (+4.0%)
Hong Kong
In the quarter April-June the Wallenius Wilhelmsen fleet transported 14.8 million cubic meters of rolling stock (-0.5%)
Lysaker
Revenues down by -0.7%
In the second quarter, Montenegro's ports handled 670 thousand tons of goods (+0.6%)
Podgorica
Volumes with Italy amounted to 154 thousand tons (+53.1%)
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
Conference: "Waiting and Delays in Road Transport: Logistics in Check"
Genoa
Organized by Trasportounito, it will be held on September 26th in Genoa
The conference "EU ETS - Perspectives and Opportunities for Decarbonization in the Maritime Sector" will be held in Palermo.
Rome
It will be held on September 18th and 19th
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Korean Firms Reassess U.S. Investments After Mass Immigration Raid
(The Korea Bizwire)
Russia's infrastructure development plan aims to build 17 marine terminals by 2036
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
With the arrival of the first container ship, the testing of operational procedures at the Rijeka Gateway begins.
The Hague
The first commercial ship is expected on September 12th
A proposal to bring the port of Taranto back onto global container routes? Start a discussion table.
Taranto
Meeting on the status of freight traffic
Port of Ancona: Tender for demolition of fire-damaged Tubimar warehouses
Ancona
The expected duration of the works is four and a half months
Merger of the German MACS and Hugo Stinnes, both active in the MPP vessel segment
Hamburg/Rostock
Stinnes headquarters in Rostock to close by December 31
In the second quarter, freight traffic in Albanian ports grew by +2.9%
Tirana
There were 331 thousand passengers (+13.6%)
A.SPE.DO, operationalizing the Smart Terminal to increase the competitiveness of the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
ING loans to Premuda for over 100 million dollars
Milan
Funds for the management buyout and the purchase of two product tankers
Sallaum Lines has taken delivery of the first of six Ocean-class dual-fuel PCTCs
Rotterdam
The ship was completed four months ahead of schedule
First meeting of the new Management Committee of the Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority
Genoa
Several measures approved, including those for CULMV and CULP staff
Euroports to operate a new liquid bulk terminal in the French port of Port-La Nouvelle
Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht
It is expected to become operational in 2026
In the second quarter, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +2.6%
Ravenna
Growth of 0.6% was recorded in June. An increase of 4.8% is expected in July.
OsserMare presents five reports on the marine economy
Rome
They focus on a specific sector supply chain or aspect of it
Port of Naples: Road haulage operations resume
Naples
Resolution meeting between institutions, operators and trade associations
ICTSI again reports record quarterly financial and operating results
Manila
Global Ship Lease Reports Record Quarterly Revenue
Athens
In the April-June period, net profit was 95.4 million dollars (+8.4%)
Vard receives new order from North Star for two hybrid SOVs
Trieste
Contract worth between 100 and 200 million euros
The Panama Shipping Registry will no longer accept the registration of oil tankers and bulk carriers over 15 years old.
Panama
Measure to counter the use of the shadow fleet
Danaos Corporation reports record quarterly revenue
Athens
The April-June period closed with a net profit of 130.9 million (-7.3%)
New customs fast corridor between the port of La Spezia and Interporto Padova
Padua
It adds to the other three already active on the same route
ICTSI to operate Indonesia's Batu Ampar Container Terminal
Manila
It is located on Batam Island
Pino Musolino has been appointed CEO of the Alilauro shipping company.
Naples
He replaces the resigning Eliseo Cuccaro
In the second quarter, DIS' time charter revenues fell by -37.1%.
Luxembourg
Net income was $19.6 million (-70.5%)
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