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25 April 2024 - Year XXVIII
Independent journal on economy and transport policy
06:13 GMT+2
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXV - Number 5/2007 - MAY 2007

Reefer

Le linee di tendenza della produzione di contenitori reefer

Il prezzo medio alla consegna di un reefer high-cube da 40 piedi è stato prossimo ai 18.500 dollari USA nel corso del 1' trimestre 2007, quasi il 10% in più rispetto al suo punto più basso alla fine del 2005, quando il prezzo alla fine era calato al di sotto dei 17.000 dollari USA.

Il corrispondente prezzo per un 20 piedi è tornato sui 14.500 dollari USA, rispetto ai 14.000 dollari USA precedenti.

Gran parte dell'incremento è attribuibile agli aumenti del costo dell'acciaio, del nickel e delle altre materie prime utilizzate nella costruzione, sebbene i produttori abbiano poi alzato i prezzi anche in risposta alla recente forza della domanda, nonché al fine di incrementare i propri margini di profitto, in precedenza depressi.

L'attuale costo di una unità-base reefer da 40 piedi, pari a circa 10.000 dollari USA, è di oltre il 10% più elevato rispetto a quello dei primi del 2006 ed è praticamente tornato ad essere quello del massimo livello nel 2004.

Anche i prezzi dei macchinari stanno muovendosi verso l'alto - sebbene ad un ritmo più lento - ed ora sono attestati in media a 8.500 dollari USA.

L'aumento dei prezzi dei macchinari è stato allo stesso modo scatenato dai maggiori costi di produzione, sebbene anche i produttori di macchinari siano stati meno inclini ad offrire sconti, e così le vendite reciproche l'anno scorso sono avvenute a minor prezzo.

La produzione globale di reefer ha nuovamente raggiunto i 170.000 TEU (90.000 unità) nel 2006 e le previsioni sono al momento al rialzo per il 2007; tutte le fabbriche di unità refrigerate riferiscono di ordinazioni fino ad almeno il 3' trimestre.

La produzione globale di reefer da tempo è controllata da tre gruppi primari - la CIMC (China International Marine Containers), la MCI (Maersk Container Industri) e la Singamas Container Holdings - ed è ora totalmente concentrata in Cina.

La CIMC continua a guidare la fila, avendo conseguito una produzione-record di 100.000 TEU (55.000 unità) presso le proprie due fabbriche principali (a Shanghai e Qingdao) nel corso del 2006.

Queste ultime hanno fornito la cifra senza precedenti di 40.000 TEU negli ultimi tre mesi del 2006.

La MCI ha costruito oltre 55.000 TEU (30.000 unità) nel 2006 - sia per la Maersk Line che per terzi acquirenti - e da quel momento ha confinato le operazioni nella propria fabbrica principale di Qingdao.

PREZZI E TARIFFE GIORNALIERE DI LEASING IN MEDIA
PER LA PRODUZIONE DI REEFER INTEGRALI
(IN DOLLARI USA)

 

2' trim.
2006

3' trim.
2006

4' trim.
2006

1' trim.
2007

20 piedi

 

Prezzo dei macchinari

8.000

8.200

8.300

8.300

Prezzo di costruzione del box

6.000

6.000

6.200

6.200

Prezzo complessivo

del prodotto finito

14.000

14.200

14.500

14.500

Noleggio giornaliero

5,30

5,30

5,50

5,50

40 piedi

 

Prezzo dei macchinari

8.200

8.500

8.500

8.600

Prezzo di costruzione del box

9.300

9.300

9.700

9.800

Prezzo complessivo

del prodotto finito

17.500

17.800

18.200

18.400

Noleggio giornaliero

6,60

6,60

6,80

6,80

Nota: il prezzo di costruzione del box si riferisce ad un campione medio (struttura ed intelaiatura Corten, soffitto e pannelli in acciaio inossidabile, linea interna in acciaio inossidabile ad alta gradazione), compresi l'installazione dei macchinari, i collaudi finali pre-impiego e la consegna in Cina centro-settentrionale. Le tariffe di noleggio sono quelle inerenti ad attrezzature di nuova costruzione e con termine quinquennale.

Fonte: Analisi di mercato di Containerisation International

 

Per il resto, la Singamas ha prodotto oltre 15.000 TEU presso la propria fabbrica Reeferco di Shanghai.

Queste tre ditte attualmente offrono una capacità combinata installata di oltre 200.000 TEU/anno.

I macchinari reefer vengono, allo stesso modo, prodotti da tre ditte - Carrier Transicold, TKC (ThermoKing Corp) e Daikin Industries - oltre ad un quarto e relativamente nuovo operatore, la MCI.

La Carrier continua a guidare la fila, avendo assommato il 60% circa delle unità vendute nel 2006, seguita dalla Daikin (quasi il 20%), dalla TKC (oltre il 15%) e dalla MCI (5%).

Un'altra ditta che in precedenza partecipava al mercato, cioè la Mitsubishi Reefer, si è ritirata dal settore nel 2006.

La stragrande maggioranza della recente produzione di reefer è stata espletata per i vettori marittimi.

Tuttavia, il settore del leasing ha incrementato i propri investimenti e sembra certo di effettuare grossi acquisti nel corso del 2007.

Le ditte di noleggio hanno ricevuto circa un quarto di tutte le consegne di reefer (in TEU) effettuate lo scorso anno, rispetto alla percentuale inferiore al 20% del 2005.

Le loro acquisizioni complessive sono ammontate a 43.000 TEU nel 2006, oltre l'80% dei quali sono stati acquistati nel corso del terzo e del quarto trimestre.

La ripresa è stata egualmente sostenuta nel corso dei tre mesi iniziali del 2007 e le società di leasing che effettuano acquisti hanno rappresentato qualcosa come il 30-35% di tutta la produzione reefer di quest'anno.

L'utilizzazione resta ben al di sopra del 90% in relazione alla flotta reefer complessiva dei noleggiatori, in seguito ad un record di rivendite/demolizioni di quasi 45.000 TEU, quanto ai vecchi equipaggiamenti, nel corso del 2006.

Malgrado il miglioramento delle condizioni di mercato, le tariffe reefer giornaliere sono ancora attestate ad uno storico punto basso, tanto che vengono fissate al di sotto dei 7 dollari USA per un high cube da 40 piedi piazzato in noleggio standard quinquennale.

La tariffa giornaliera media per un 20 piedi è vicina ai 5,50 dollari USA.

Ciò equivale ad un ritorno attuale sull'investimento di cassa iniziale pari a meno del 14% all'anno (ovvero a 0,37 dollari USA giornalieri indotti da ciascun dollaro USA investito), che al momento non risulta essere migliore di quello indotto dall'equipaggiamento per carichi secchi noleggiato alle stesse condizioni.

In confronto, i containers reefer attiravano ritorni superiori al 15% (equivalenti ad oltre 0,40 dollari USA giornalieri rispetto ad 1 dollaro USA investito) non più tardi del 2005.

Questo persistente declino si è già rivelato un grosso disincentivo e spiega la graduale perdita di terreno da parte del settore del leasing nell'ambito del mercato reefer, nonché la sua proporzionalmente piccola proprietà delle attrezzature.

Ciononostante, sette importanti operatori persistono al servizio di questo settore e diversi nuovi soggetti hanno iniziato a dare i reefer in leasing negli ultimi anni.

Tra loro c'è la Magnum Lease di Hong Kong, mentre molti operatori affermati, quali la GESeaCo, la Carlisle Leasing, la Cronos Container, la TAL International, la Florens Group e la Triton Containers restano assai attivi.
(da:RQ - Containing the cold chain, numero 5, maggio 2007, pag. 19)




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Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
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ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
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››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
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››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Relazione del presidente Mario Mattioli
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››› File
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Rome
The Logistics Pole posted a net loss of -80 million euros, up 63 million euros.
Port of Genoa, inaugurated new rooms of Stella Maris at Maritime stations
Genoa
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Kempten
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Taipei
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Cooperation pact between the associations of the ports and ferry companies of Greece
The Piraeus
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In 2023 the traffic in goods at ports in Lazio fell by -5.7% percent. Record of cruises
Cyvitavecchia
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RINA will collaborate on the sustainable development of ports and shipping of Indonesia
Genoa
Contract with the World Bank
In Udine the Officine Rotable Maintenance of FVG Rail has been equipped with a lawn back in fossa
Procedure
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