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Independent journal on economy and transport policy
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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 6/2008 - JUNE 2008

Trasporto intermodale

Progressi a passo di lumaca per i servizi intermodali nel Benelux

I servizi intermodali nel Benelux sono in costante incremento, ma, si dice, non abbastanza rapidamente per la maggior parte dei caricatori.

La buona notizia è che Rotterdam ed Anversa hanno potuto movimentare l'eccezionale crescita dei carichi dello scorso anno da e per l'hinterland europeo senza più contrattempi del solito.

Ha continuato ad esserci la congestione, naturalmente, ma i momenti di paralisi del traffico al di fuori dei normali periodi di ressa sono sembrati ragionevolmente sotto controllo.

La brutta notizia è che, malgrado i grossi sforzi effettuati per trasferire i traffici dalla strada ai servizi ferroviari e fluviali più sensibili all'ambiente, non c'è stato quasi alcun cambiamento delle quote di mercato di ciascun settore: la strada resta di gran lunga la prima scelta degli importatori ed esportatori.

Come mostrano le tabelle 1 e 2, la quota della ferrovia dei carichi per l'hinterland a Rotterdam ed Anversa nel complesso è migliorata con grandi difficoltà, raggiungendo solamente l'11% circa; i servizi su chiatta hanno raggiunto risultati di poco migliori.

Tabella 1: Suddivisone fra le modalità ad Anversa
(solo carichi dell'hinterland)

Modalità

2007*

2006

2005

2004

2003

Strada

55%

58%

58%

60%

60%

Fluviale

34%

33%

34%

32%

31%

Ferrovia

11%

9%

8%

8%

9%

Fonte: Porto di Anversa; * = dati provvisori

Qualcuno dirà che i servizi ferroviari hanno ancora movimentato molti traffici in più, giustificando così tutti gli sforzi fatti per indurre la deregolamentazione e la liberalizzazione del settore ferroviario dell'Unione Europea, al fine di realizzare una maggiore e salutare concorrenza.

Tabella 2: Suddivisone fra le modalità a Rotterdam
(solo carichi dell'hinterland)

Modalità

2007*

2006

2005

2004

2003

Strada

59%

59%

60%

60%

59%

Fluviale

30%

30%

31%

31%

31%

Ferrovia

11%

115

9%

9%

10%

Fonte: Porto di Rotterdam; * = dati provvisori

Nel caso di Rotterdam, i traffici containerizzati complessivi del porto sono aumentati del 12% lo scorso anno, mentre quelli di Anversa sono cresciuti del 16,5%.

Ciò ha certamente incoraggiato le società ferroviarie private a prendere più sul serio i propri servizi, tra cui la European Rail Shuttle, la Rail4Chem, la Veolia e la Dillen & Le Jeune.

Gli altri soggetti operanti nel settore, peraltro, affermano che le procedure di trasferimento stanno ancora durando troppo a lungo e che devono ancora dimostrare abbastanza vantaggi, malgrado le sempre maggiori congestione dei traffici stradali e consapevolezza dei problemi ambientali.

Lo stesso vale per le chiatte, che vengono ritenute la modalità di trasporto più sensibile all'ambiente di tutte.

Pertanto, se si guarda il bicchiere ferroviario e lo si vede mezzo vuoto invece che mezzo pieno, dov'è che le cose sono andate storte?

La domanda è stata recentemente espressa in occasione di un seminario organizzato a Parigi dallo ESC (Consiglio dei Caricatori Europei).

Henk Schaafstal, direttore tecnico della filiera organizzativa della Sabic, e Denis Schoumert, direttore acquisizioni e logistica della Ciments Calcia, hanno risposto com'era da attendersi che le ferrovie hanno bisogno di essere maggiormente proattive.

I caricatori devono ancora per primi trovare loro le soluzioni, invece di aspettare che gli operatori ferroviari vengano da loro con le proprie proposte.

Sono altresì necessarie migliori garanzie di servizio.

Denis Paillat, vice direttore della società ferroviaria privata in rapida crescita Veolia, ha ribattuto che le aspettative dei caricatori spesso sono risultate poco realistiche, tenendo presente che le tracce ferroviarie non sono come le strade e che occorre tempo per inserirle tra i servizi passeggeri.

Eric Demonant, amministratore delegato della Railink, appartenente alla CMA CGM ed alla Veolia, ha altresì sottolineato come la carenza di sufficienti affidamenti di carichi da parte dei caricatori continui a rendere difficile la pianificazione a lungo termine.

Se ne ricava che, anche se i servizi ferroviari stanno diventando migliori, si richiede molto di più per convincere i caricatori ad abbandonare la convenienza del trasporto stradale.

A questo riguardo, il discusso argomento relativo al fatto che le società ferroviarie private siano ancora in grado o meno di competere senza problemi contro i monopoli a controllo statale dovrebbe essere solo una questione secondaria.

Il vero dibattito è su come fare a rendere competitivo l'intero settore ferroviario.

Nicolette van der Jagt, segretario generale dell'ESC, commenta: "Il problema, in questo caso, è che qualcuno in ferrovia crede ancora che ciò dovrebbe ottenersi rendendo meno allettante il trasporto stradale, piuttosto che cercare di conseguire soluzioni più innovative.

Ad esempio, il settore ferroviario sta attualmente lottando contro la proposta di incrementare il peso e la lunghezza massimi dei veicoli stradali nell'Unione Europea perché questo renderebbe meno competitiva la ferrovia.

In realtà, invece, entrambe le modalità di trasporto hanno bisogno di essere rese più efficienti e non solo una o l'altra".

Pertanto, che cosa si può conseguire in più realisticamente nel Benelux?

La risposta è difficile quando si tenta di quantificarla, dal momento che non sono ancora disponibili cifre più dettagliate sulla ripartizione modale, in particolar modo per i traffici containerizzati movimentati nell'ambito dell'area portuale, per la quale il trasporto ferroviario normalmente rappresenta un fallimento in partenza.

Inoltre, le opinioni su dove normalmente risieda la linea di divisione fra strada e rotaia restano aspramente contrastate, spaziando fra i 150 ed i 500 km.

Ad ogni modo, questa potrebbe sembrare una grande distanza in paesi piccoli come i Paesi Bassi ed il Belgio, ma occorrerebbe ricordare come gran parte dei traffici containerizzati dei loro porti si indirizzi verso o provenga da paesi distanti quali la Germania, la Francia, l'Austria e la Svizzera.

Ad Amburgo, dove c'è poco trasporto fluviale, la quota di mercato della ferrovia nel 2006 è stata del 26,7%, rispetto al 29,8% del 2005.

Sebbene anche questa tendenza delle quote di mercato sia stata in ribasso, malgrado il trasporto di un maggiore quantitativo di carichi, essa suggerisce che se le società ferroviarie nel Benelux potessero coordinare meglio le proprie iniziative, si potrebbero conseguire molti traffici in più.

Secondo il Porto di Amburgo, approssimativamente il 10% dei propri traffici viene riempito o svuotato nell'area portuale.

Un altro 30% va verso o proviene dalle immediate vicinanze della città, mentre il 30% viene trasbordato.

Ciò lascia appena un 30% a disposizione per il trasporto a lunga distanza, del quale la ferrovia controlla il 70% circa.

C'è una montagna da scalare per il Benelux, perciò.

Il problema è complicato dal gran numero di terminal che devo essere serviti a Rotterdam ed Anversa.

Ciò significa che invece di inviare i treni interi da ciascun terminal direttamente all'hinterland, normalmente occorre perdere tempo per formare i convogli con i carri provenienti da terminal diversi, allo scopo di formare treni carichi abbastanza completi.

Anche se entrambi i porti hanno recentemente investito notevolmente in piazzali di smistamento moderni, le operazioni restano ben lungi dall'essere ideali, per ovvie ragioni, in particolare ad Anversa, dove esistono terminal sulle due rive della Schelda.

Non sorprende, pertanto, che si sia appreso che la sua Autorità Portuale sia intenzionata a dare il via a servizi navetta propri.

Il problema è aggravato dal modo frammentato con cui viene controllato il trasporto terrestre.

Esso rende più complicato per i servizi aggiuntivi ferroviari e fluviali in ciascun terminal il compito di mettere assieme una sufficiente base di carico.

Le informazioni a questo riguardo sono difficili da reperire, ma la tabella 3 riporta l'esperienza della Maersk Line a Rotterdam nel 2007 e come questa si confronti con la ripartizione modale del porto di Rotterdam nel 2006, nonché con i suoi obiettivi per il 2035.

Tabella 3: Prestazioni della Maersk Line a Rotterdam nel 2007

Controllo del carico

Chiatta

Ferrovia

Strada

Trasporto del vettore marittimo

42%

32%

25%

Trasporto del proprietario della merce

9%

27%

65%

Porto di Rotterdam (2006)

39%

13%

48%

Porto di Rotterdam - Obiettivo per il 2035

45%

20%

35%

Fonte: Maersk Line, Porto di Rotterdam

Come si può vedere, dove una parte ha abbastanza traffico, come nel caso del trasporto terrestre controllato dal vettore marittimo, vengono preferiti i servizi ferroviari e fluviali, mentre nel caso del trasporto controllato dal proprietario della merce, dove ci sono molte piccole agenzie di logistica in lotta per piccoli margini, l'autotrasporto è più popolare.

Restano valide altresì le argomentazioni delle società ferroviarie circa la difficoltà di ottenere tracce ferroviarie concordate con breve preavviso, anche se gran parte del trasporto ferroviario da e per Anversa e Rotterdam adesso avviene di notte, evitando di conseguenza la concomitanza con i servizi paseggeri.

La mega-soluzione di Rotterdam di dare il via al proprio collegamento ferroviario solo merci Betuwe lo scorso anno in direzione del confine tedesco, a 160 km di distanza, promette molto bene, ma deve ancora prendere piede a causa di difficoltà tecniche.

Non molti treni sono già equipaggiati con il necessario sistema europeo di sicurezza (ERTMS).

Peraltro, quando quel collegamento ferroviario allo stato dell'arte decollerà, avrà il potenziale per cambiare in modo significativo lo scenario modale nei Paesi Bassi.

Fra gli altri miglioramenti ferroviari introdotti a Rotterdam lo scorso anno vi è un accordo fra società ferroviarie per consentire ai loro locomotori di agganciare i carri altrui reciprocamente in condizioni standard.

Fino a questo momento, pochi avevano tentato di farlo per timore di conseguenze legali.

Pertanto, se una colonna di carri carichi di contenitori ferma in un terminal aveva bisogno di essere smistata, doveva star lì sino a quando un locomotore appartenente alla stessa società non fosse arrivato ad agganciarla.

Adesso, il locomotore di un'altra società impegnato in un altro servizio può più facilmente essere utilizzato per questo lavoro.

Questo sviluppo evidenzia come possano essere fatte cose semplici per migliorare l'affidabilità del servizio ferroviario, rispetto al nascondersi dietro ad una inutile difesa ad oltranza di infrastrutture ferroviarie inefficienti.

Anche il porto in rapida crescita di Amsterdam condivide la gestione del collegamento ferroviario Betuwe.

Lo scorso anno, solo il 10% dei traffici portuali è stato movimentato per ferrovia, mentre le idrovie (40%) e la strada (50%) hanno trasportato il resto.

Come i porti di Rotterdam, Anversa e Zeebrugge, anch'esso è in durissima concorrenza per i carichi da e per il più grande porto interno europeo, Duisburg in Germania, i cui traffici ferroviari lo scorso anno sono aumentati di un impressionante 23% sino a 531.000 TEU.

Tale risultato dimostra come mai le società ferroviarie esterne, come la Deutsche Bahn Intermodal, desiderino una fetta maggiore della torta.

Il dr. Sebastian Jurgens, c.e.o. del porto, che recentemente ha chiarito come Rotterdam venga considerata un ‘importante area di crescita, commenta al riguardo: "Ad Amburgo, la ferrovia ha una ripartizione modale del 32%, mentre nel caso di Rotterdam essa è del solo 11%.

C'è ancora un sacco di spazio oltre quella cifra e noi vorremmo sfruttare quel potenziale con nuovi servizi coordinati, quale la realizzazione di nuovi servizi del tipo hub and spoke".

Peraltro, è improbabile che gli autotrasportatori restino fermi abbastanza a lungo perché ciò possa realizzarsi facilmente.

La congestione dei traffici stradali potrà anche diventare peggiore ed i costi del carburante, che rappresentano oltre il 50% dei loro costi di esercizio, stanno ancora crescendo, ma nulla per il momento si avvicina alla flessibilità offerta dai camion.

Si potrebbe giustificare chi pensa che la loro posizione concorrenziale a Zeebrugge, che non è circondato da una città tentacolare e dispone di due soli terminal, sarebbe meno favorevole, ma, anche lì, hanno chiuso lo scorso anno con una quota di mercato del 57,3%.

Nel totale di questi calcoli è compreso il 14,9% dei carichi di trasbordo; tuttavia, pur escludendo tale apporto, la quota sarebbe comunque stata più elevata.

La quota di mercato della strada, ciononostante, era stata inferiore nell'ordine del 2,7% nel 2006, probabilmente a causa della crescente presenza nel porto della Maersk Line e della CMA CGM.

Al contrario, la quota di mercato delle ferrovie è aumentata dal 16% al 18,2% (riferita al totale compresi i carichi di trasbordo) in ragione del miglioramento dei servizi da Duisburg a Mannheim.

La situazione apparirebbe molto diversa se meno carichi di passaggio a Zeebrugge venissero invece spediti ai sensi di una polizza di carico ad Anversa ed indirizzata direttamente alla volta dei locali degli importatori/esportatori.
(da: Containerisation International, maggio 2008, pagg. 65-67)


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Global Ship Lease reports record quarterly and half-year revenues
Athens
Rising costs impact profits
DP World to build temperature-controlled logistics hub in the port of Antwerp
Dubai/Kallo
GNV will activate a third maritime service to Algeria on Saturday
Genoa
The Civitavecchia-Annaba line will complement the existing routes from Sète to Algiers and Bejaia.
Danaos Corporation reports quarterly revenue growth of 4.7%.
Athens
The containership segment remains stable. Bulk carriers continue to contribute.
A bulk carrier hit by a shell in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton/London
One crew member is reportedly missing.
This year, 800,000 cruise passengers are expected in Messina.
Messina
Passengers make a direct expenditure of almost 16 million euros in the city
Container traffic at the Port of New York grew by 1.6% in the second quarter
New York
In the first six months of 2026, 4.43 million TEUs were handled (+0.2%)
HZ Cargo and Railtrans form joint venture for intermodal transport
Zagreb
The aim is to activate a traffic of over 500 thousand tons between the ports of Croatia and the markets of Central Europe.
ICTSI posts record net income of $363 million (+24.2%) in the second quarter
Manila
Another GasLog vessel hit while leaving the Persian Gulf
Piraeus/Southampton
Damage to the engine room
Finnlines reports record quarterly revenues
Helsinki
In the April-June period, net profit was 42.9 million euros (+64.7%)
Spinelli Group approves 2025 sustainability report
Genoa
Production value grew by 5%. New hires increased by 48%.
Fabrizio Marilli will be the new secretary general of the Central Adriatic Sea Port Authority.
Ancona
The Management Committee has approved the institution's budget adjustment
The Western Ligurian Sea Port Authority has adopted the 2026-2028 Port Plan.
Genoa
Projections for 2028 indicate an increase of approximately 150 employees in the ports of the system
The Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has approved the budget adjustment change.
Gioia Tauro
It records higher revenues and higher expenses of 1.69 million euros
One and a half million euros for training in Tuscan ports
Livorno
The Northern Tyrrhenian Port Authority has presented its 2026-2028 training plan.
Terminali Italia will manage the Orte intermodal terminal starting next year.
Rome
It has approximately 96,000 square meters of yards and three tracks
Italy and Tunisia sign a collaboration agreement in the transport and logistics sector
Rome
Another Saudi-owned Bahri ship attacked by Houthis in the Red Sea
Southampton/Sana'a/Riyadh
Yemeni militants' spokesman claimed responsibility for the attack on the chemical tanker "NCC Ghazal"
The final breakthrough of the two main tunnels of the Brenner Base Tunnel was achieved today.
Bolzano
The two construction sites are connected approximately 1,400 meters below the Brenner Pass
UPS revenues increased 7.6% in the second quarter
Atlanta
Net profit amounted to $604 million (-52.9%)
In 2025, the revenues of the Italian logistics company Nord Ovest grew by +13.6%
Wedge
Net profit down 8.3%
Quarterly freight traffic increased at the ports of Algeciras and Barcelona. Valencia saw a decline.
Algeciras/Barcelona/
Valencia
Increase in containers at the Catalan port
Fincantieri signs agreement with NextGeo's reinvesting partners
Trieste
The operation is part of the development strategy in the diving segment
The update to the DPSS of the ports of Sardinia has been adopted.
Cagliari
Resolution of the Management Committee of the Port System Authority
ICTSI acquires the ATU12 and ATU18 bulk terminals at the Brazilian port of Aratu.
Sao Paulo/Manila
They will be sold by SIMPAR for approximately 355 million dollars
SAILING LIST
Visual Sailing List
Departure ports
Arrival ports by:
- alphabetical order
- country
- geographical areas
Konecranes reports decline in quarterly financial performance as orders increase
Helsinki
The value of orders relating to port equipment grew by +17%
Fourteen regions are in favor and five are against the bill on port governance reform.
Rome
Rixi: Let's now continue the institutional process with the aim of achieving a balanced reform.
Kuehne+Nagel's net sales increased by 8% in the second quarter.
Schindellegi
Performance improved markedly in the air freight segment
Assagenti's management team has been renewed.
Genoa
The composition of the executive committee and the chairmen of the commissions
DP World signs preliminary agreement to build two terminals at Fujairah Port
Dubai
VIO - Vado Ligure Interport Board of Directors Renewed
Genoa
Pierangelo Olivieri has been appointed president
Kalmar's turnover increased by 14% in the second quarter
Helsinki
New orders value stable
Saipem wins new offshore drilling contract off Ivory Coast
Milan
It was awarded by Eni Côte d'Ivoire
DSV's quarterly performance continues to grow, boosted by the Schenker acquisition.
Hedehusene
Net profit of DKK 2.6 billion (+11.5%) was recorded in the April-June period of 2026.
Falteri (Federlogistica) has been co-opted into the Board of the European Logistics Association
Genoa
International collaboration protocol on integrated logistics with ACLI Terra
GCC urges international community to protect maritime transport against Houthi threats
Riyadh
Reaction to the announcement of a maritime embargo against Saudi Arabia
Fincantieri signs agreement in Qatar for operational management of the Training and Simulation Centre.
Trieste
The center is intended for the training of naval personnel of the Qatari Navy.
Wärtsilä records sharp increase in new order value in second quarter
Helsinki
Net turnover decreased by -2%
Over 770 kilos of cocaine seized at the port of Vado Ligure
Savona
Once released on the market, the drug would have ensured criminal organizations profits of 250 million euros.
Yang Ming orders Hanwha Ocean to build six 13,000 TEU dual-fuel containerships
Keelung
Contract valued at over $1.2 billion
The toll of attacks on ships in the Black Sea worsens
Odessa
Ten dead on board a ship leaving the port of Odessa
Today a new attack on a ship in the Strait of Hormuz
Southampton
The product tanker Kavomaleas of the Greek company Dynacom Tankers Management caught fire
Confitarma disappointed by the Commission's proposal to revise the EU ETS
Rome
Zanetti: The notable absentee is the competitiveness of the Italian and European shipping industry.
ALIS: Commission's proposals on the EU ETS are positive, but serious issues remain.
Rome
MIT adopts cold ironing guidelines
Rome
The aim is to ensure clear, uniform and transparent criteria for all Port System Authorities.
In the first half of the year, cruise traffic at GPH port terminals grew by +10.1%
Istanbul
In the second quarter alone the increase was +2.8%
Western Liguria Port Authority approves 2026 budget update
Genoa
Assiterminal clarifies its doubts about the responsibilities assigned to Porti d'Italia Spa.
Genoa
ABB buys British Rotork
Zurich/London
The Bath-based company specializes in flow control and industrial automation.
Central Adriatic Port Authority refinances €100 million from the Infrastructure Decree
Ancona
The funds concern seven strategic interventions of the port system
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 3.4% in the first half of 2026.
Los Angeles
In the second quarter, growth was +11.5%
IMO and ITF call for an end to attacks on seafarers and transport workers
London
Resurgence of incidents in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and the Strait of Hormuz region
Container traffic in the port of Hong Kong grew by 0.2% in the second quarter of 2026.
Hong Kong
An increase of +6.5% was recorded in June
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
The conference "EU-Mercosur Agreement: The Role of the Maritime Economy" will be held in Genoa on July 1st.
Genoa
It is organized by the Casa America ETS Foundation and the Western Liguria Port Authority
The Federagenti assembly will be held in Civitavecchia on July 3rd.
Rome
Pessina: We will not discuss regulations, community relations, or the pursuit of theories and bureaucracy, but rather the challenges of Italian port infrastructure.
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Empire buys back: After Tata, Adani can rewrite India's colonial past
(The Economic Times)
Govt does not interfere in port management appointments - Loke
(Bernama)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
Uiltrasporti is strongly opposed to the establishment of Porti d'Italia Spa
Rome
Verzari and Gulli: the AdSPs must be coordinated by a public body that can protect port workers
CMPort sets new monthly, quarterly and half-yearly container traffic records
Hong Kong
In the first half of 2026, 78.3 million were moved (+4.6%)
In the first half of this year, the port of Singapore handled 22.7 million containers (+4.7%)
Singapore
Historic record for half-year bunker sales
Container traffic at the Port of Long Beach increased by 10.3% in the second quarter.
Long Beach
Growth of +1.7% was recorded in the first half of 2026
The new board of directors of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane has been appointed.
Rome
Tommaso Tanzilli confirmed as president. Gianpiero Strisciuglio is the new CEO.
Port of Gioia Tauro: tender launched for completion of dredging activities
Gioia Tauro
The expected duration of the contract is 60 days
In the first half of 2026, cargo traffic in Turkish ports was 279.1 million tonnes (+1.5%)
Ankara
Cargoes with Italy alone amounted to 23.4 million tons (-2.5%)
The first steel cutting of the Carnival Destiny cruise ship.
Monfalcone
Fincantieri and Carnival celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of their collaboration
NatPower Marine acquires Aqua superPower to accelerate the electrification of ports and marinas
Monk
It operates the largest international network of electric charging points in Europe.
European Logistics Observatory established
Brussels
The aim is to strengthen the competitiveness, resilience and sustainability of European logistics.
Agreement reached at Mimit with JSW to relaunch the Piombino steelworks
Rome/Livorno
Gariglio: Strengthening integration between port docks and industrial areas
Agreement between Fincantieri and the Croatian shipyards Brodotrogir Cruise and Iskra Shipyard
Trieste
Initiative within the framework of the two-corvette program promoted by the Croatian Ministry of Defence
Evergreen, Yang Ming and WHL return to quarterly revenue growth
Keelung/Taipei
Four consecutive quarters of decline behind us
Project for a direct rail link between the port of Gioia Tauro and the Interporto D'Abruzzo
Pescara
Tax fraud on labor in the logistics sector
Milan
€28 million seized from four Milanese companies
PSA Genova Pra', the state of agitation has been lifted following the successful completion of the cooling procedure.
Genoa
ZPMC Delivers New Ultra-High Wind-Resistant Port Cranes
Shanghai
The world's tallest rail-mounted reach stackers for empty containers have also been built.
Peninsula and Itochu form joint venture to supply ammonia bunkering to European ports
Gibraltar
The initiative in response to the growing demand for zero-carbon fuels
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