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COUNCIL OF INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONSULTANTSYEAR XXVI - Number 6/2008 - JUNE 2008

Safery & security

Portacontainer sotto esame

L'anno scorso, nel giro di un solo mese, due portacontenitori, entrambe battenti la stessa bandiera ed entrambe più o meno nella stessa parte del mondo, hanno dovuto sottostare a problemi in mare.

Una è sopravvissuta, l'altra no, ma entrambe sono state adesso assoggettate a relazioni ufficiali, il combinato effetto delle quali potrebbe comportare notevoli cambiamenti nella pianificazione e nelle procedure di carico di tali navi in futuro, nonché alla fonritura di informazioni sul carico.

L'incidente che ha coinvolto la Annabella ha avuto luogo nel Baltico a febbraio 2007 e ha comportato la perdita di stabilità ed il crollo di una pila di container.

La bandiera era quella del Regno Unito e questo ha indotto l'agenzie incaricata delle indagini, la MAIB (Marine Accident Investigation Branch), ad affermare nella propria relazione lo scorso settembre che esistesse la stringente necessità di un codice di comportamento del settore per le attività di trasporto contenitori.

Ciò si fondava sulla conclusione, in base a quella e ad altre indagini condotte in precedenza, che la realtà della sicurezza di navi, equipaggi ed ambiente era compromessa dal preponderante desiderio di conservare la regolamentazione radicata ovvero di ottimizzare i tempi di lavorazione portuale.

L'indagine sulla MSC Napoli, per necessità, ha richiesto molto più tempo e la conseguente relazione "Rapporto sulle indagini inerenti all'avaria strutturale della MSC Napoli nel Canale della Manica il 18 febbraio 2007" è stata pubblicata solamente il 22 aprile di quest'anno.

La nave era in transito da Anversa al Portogallo nel suo cammino alla volta del Sudfarica, allorqusndo si trovò a sperimentare un'emergenza in mare che risultò nel suo spiaggiamento volontario.

Questo accadde un mese prima dell'incidente della Annabella e fu molto più drammatico.

La nave dovette subire una catastrofica avaria dello scafo nel corso del transito del Canale della Manica.

Ciò comportò l'abbandono della nave da parte dell'equipaggio, che fortunatamente, malgrado il mare grosso, venne tutto tratto in salvo.

A causa della considerevole possibilità di inquinamento diffuso, la nave dovette essere spiaggiata sulla costa meridionale dell'Inghilterra ed alla fine venne rottamata.

Tuttavia, fatta eccezione per alcuni relativamente pochi contenitori caduti fuoribordo nel corso delle operazioni di spiaggiamento, la maggior parte del carico era ancora intatto e le operazioni di salvataggio hanno comportato la rimozione di ogni singolo contenitore.

Ciò ha consentito il controllo del loro peso e la constatazione della loro posizione in relazione al peso ed alla posizione indicati nel manifesto di carico.

Si è trattato di un'operazione davvero minuziosa che ha comportato la rimozione di ciascun contenitore mediante una chiatta dotata di gru per spostare i container su un'imbarcazione che potesse trasportarli nelle più vicine infrastrutture portuali in cui potessero essere esaminati.

Ciò ha permesso la realizzazione di un quadro chiaro sul carico delle merci e sulla loro posizione dentro la nave.

La relazione, necessariamente, si concentra sulle ragioni dell'avaria allo scafo e su cosa si possa fare per prevenire eventi simili.

Nella relazione si fa notare come la sola altra avaria registrata sullo scafo di una portacontainer sia stata quella della MSC Carla nel 1997 quando, grazie alla sezione di poppa che rimase a galla, fu possibile stabilire che l'incidente era stato causato al guasto di una saldatura con una nuova sezione dello scafo che era stata inserita successivamente alla costruzione.

Anche se la MSC Napoli non era stata assoggettata a tale procedimento, si è scoperto che la causa fondamentale dell'incidente poteva essere ricondotta alla progettazione; ciò aveva comportato la revisione di centinaia di altre portacontenitori e l'adozione di rimedi in un certo numero di casi, oltre all'osservanza, nel contempo, di procedure operative riviste.

Questa accuratissima indagine, tuttavia, mostra che - nella maggior parte dei casi - c'è stato un certo numero di fattori che hanno contribuito alla sua avaria, uno dei quali si poteva ricollegare al carico trasportato.

Alcuni elementi riscontrati nell'ambito dell'indagine hanno portato ad una ulteriore conferma delle conclusioni della relazione sulla Annabella ed al rafforzamento della richiesta di un nuovo codice comportamentale da parte della MAIB.

La raccomandazione, che viene ripetuta nell'ultimo rapporto, consiste nel suggerimento secondo cui la ICS (International Chamber of Shipping) dovrebbe collaborare con gli operatori del settore al fine di sviluppare e promuovere l'adesione ad un migliore codice delle procedure di sicurezza per far sì che:

  • esistano effettive comunicazioni e procedure fra tutte le parti coinvolte nella programmazione e nella consegna di contenitori per assicurare che il personale delle navi abbia le risorse e l'opportunità di supervisionare in sicurezza il carico e la fissazione dei carichi;
  • i manuali di fissazione del carico siano esaustivi e redattti in una forma che assicuri un accesso facile ed immediato a tutti le pertinenti informazioni di carico e fissaggio;
  • i programmi computerizzati inerenti al carico comprendano tutte quante le specifiche sul fissaggio dei carichi su una nave; tali computer dovrebbero essere approvati adeguatamente al fine di far sì che gli ufficiali possano fare completo affidamento sulle informazioni fornite;
  • la disponibilità o meno di un computer relativo al carico affidabile ed approvato sia un fattore da includere nel processo decisionale inerente all'appropriato livello di reclutamento del personale per le navi con programmi di viaggio intensivi;
  • il risultante incremento delle forze di accelerazione e la conseguente riduzione dei pesi di impilaggio consentiti quando l'altezza metacentrica della nave viene aumentata oltre il valore segnalato nel manuale di fissaggio del carico sia chiaramente compreso dagli ufficiali della nave; il conseguente effetto sul peso, l'altezza ed il fissaggio delle pile di contenitori per le modifiche apportate all'altezza metacentrica della nave dovrebbe essere reso prontamente disponibile e spiegato con chiarezza al personale della nave;
  • coloro che sono impegnati nelle operazioni containerizzate siano consapevoli che i contenitori con pesi di impilaggio consentiti al di sotto degli standard ISO sono regolarmente utilizzati e devono essere identificati con chiarezza nelle fasi sia di pianificazione che di carico allo scopo di evitare la possibilità che quei container si scontrino;
  • riguardo alle operazioni con i carichi:

    • che i pianificatori del carico abbiano un'appropriata esperienza marittima o siano stati addestrati per far sì che le considerazioni inerenti alla sicurezza della nave siano completamente riconosciute;

    • che il software per la pianificazione del carico fornito sia in grado di riconoscere le conseguenze dei dati variabili (ad esempio l'altezza metacentrica e le specifiche dei contenitori non standard) per poter avvertire di conseguenza i pianificatori;

    • che le lezioni apprese dai problemi individuati nel corso delle operazioni di pianificazione dei contenitori vengano formalmente riviste e che vengano poste in atto appropriate misure di correzione;

    • che al personale delle navi venga dato tempo sufficiente per verificare/approvare i programmi di carico proposti.

Il rapporto nota che lo sviluppo del codice è in corso e che ci si aspetta che esso venga completato per la fine del 2008, dopo di che sarà presentato all'IMO perché venga adottato.

L'ultimo rapporto, tuttavia, aggiunge un'ulteriore dimensione.

La verifica dei contenitori rimasti sulla nave ha riguardato anche il controllo del peso di ciascun box.

La maggior parte di quelli nelle stive sono stati sommersi ed inzuppati, aumentando così notevolmente il peso ed impendendo qualsiasi tentativo di confronto.

Tuttavia, i pesi di tutti i contenitori rimasti asciutti nelle stive e di quelli sul ponte sono stati confrontati con quelli dichiarati alla compagnia di navigazione dall''imballatore o dal caricatore.

Si è scoperto che il peso di 137 (20%) di questi box era superiore sino a tre tonnellate rispetto al loro peso dichiarato.

La singola maggiore differenza era di 20 tonnellate, mentre il peso complessivo dei 137 container era di 312 tonnellate in più rispetto a quello riportato sul manifesto di carico.

Il rapporto sottolinea come questa difformità sia diffusa nell'ambito del trasporto marittimo di contenitori e sia dovuta agli imballatori ed ai caricatori che non hanno le infrastrutture per pesare i contenitori presso i propri locali.

E' stato altresì sottolineato come le dichiarazioni errate volontarie avvengano per varie ragioni.

La conseguenza, tuttavia, è che alla luce del fatto che le portacontainer invariabilmente salpano in condizioni assai prossime al limite massimo permesso, il peso aggiuntivo non dichiarato potenzialmente induce le navi a superare quel massimo.

Il trasporto marittimo di contenitori è il solo settore industriale in cui il peso di un carico non è conosciuto e, se lo sforzo che agisce sulle portacontainer dev'essere accuratamente controllato, è essenziale che i contenitori siano pesati prima di essere caricati sulle navi.

Per sottolineare meglio questo argomento, la MAIB ha aggiunto tale aspetto alla lista suggerita degli argomenti che dovrebbero essere previsti dal codice relativo alle procedure.

La nave in questione era stata caricata in Europa occidentale ed il rapporto fa notare come in questa regione non sia richiesto che i contenitori vengano pesati in un porto prima di essere caricati su una nave.

A questo si potrebbe aggiungere che, anche se gran parte dell'equipaggiamento per la movimentazione di contenitori è in grado di far fronte a sovrappesi di tre tonnellate, non è però immune rispetto agli effetti di 20 tonnellate o più, e che vi possono essere conseguenze anche in relazione alla movimentazione sicura al largo.

Un'altra questione citata concerneva la posizione dei contenitori sulla nave.

La posizione di tutti i container sul ponte rimasti a bordo - vale a dire la maggior parte - è stata confrontata con la posizione immessa nel computer di carico per determinare le condizioni di stabilità.

Essa avrebbe dovuto essere equivalente alle posizioni registrate dall'operatore terminalistico.

Di queste unità, il 7% erano in una posizione sbagliata oppure erano dichiarate erroneamente quanto al contenitore; il rapporto nota come, generalmente, nell'ambito del settore containerizzato si concorda sul fatto che sino al 10% dei box caricati su una nave potrebbero non essere nella loro posizione programmata.

Anche se molte delle raccomandazioni contenute nell'ultimo rapporto riguardavano la progettazione e le operazioni delle portacontainer, i due rapporti sono strettamente collegati per quanto attiene la necessità di un codice settoriale delle procedure e si può prevedere che alcuni cambiamenti potranno derivarne nel prossimo futuro.
(da: Cargo Systems, maggio 2008, pagg. 58-59)


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Hamburg
Eijsink: An unusually harsh winter has significantly limited our daily operations
SAILING LIST
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MSC Technology Italy launches a plan to hire 200 new people.
Turin/Geneva
MSC Cruises debuts in the Alaska market
The Marche Region has approved Carloni's appointment as president of the Central Adriatic Port Authority.
Ancona
Awaiting the opinion of the Abruzzo Regional Council
Greek company Danaos Corporation's quarterly revenues remain stable.
Athens
Two ships of the company are still blocked in the Persian Gulf
Container traffic at the Port of Los Angeles increased by 5.7% in April.
Los Angeles/Port Newark
In the first three months of 2026, the Port of New York handled nearly 2.2 million TEUs (-1.2%)
Cognolato was confirmed as president of Assiterminal
Rome
The new presidency committee and board of directors were also elected
In the first quarter of 2026, freight traffic in the port of Ravenna increased by +0.8%
Ravenna
The growth was driven by the entry into operation of the regasification plant
MSC introduces calls at Naples and Malaga on its Dragon service
Geneva
Calls at the Gioia Tauro port have been cancelled.
The National Maritime Fund's board has been renewed.
Genoa
He will remain in office for three years
Network contract for the joint development of intermodal services in Emilia-Romagna
Bologna
It was signed by Interporto Bologna, Dinazzano Po S, SAPIR and Rail Traction Company
Messina (Assarmatori): European technocracy appears inflexible on the EU ETS
Brussels
He underlines that a significant improvement of these policies is necessary.
d'Amico International Shipping's first quarter results are positive.
Luxembourg
The company benefited from the effects of geopolitical tensions
Two orientation events in Livorno and Naples to present the ITS Purser course.
Genoa
Meetings scheduled by the Italian Merchant Marine Academy with the Grimaldi Group
The bow section of the Explora V was launched in Palermo
Geneva
Fincantieri will deliver the cruise ship to Explora Journeys in 2027
The president of the Eastern Adriatic Port Authority is the new president of Trieste Passenger Terminal.
Trieste
He takes over from Gianluca Madriz
Port of Olbia: Seabed restoration work has begun in the access channel to Isola Bianca.
Cagliari
The aim is to safely allow large cruise ships to enter
Damen to renovate and operate Dakar ship repair yard
Dakar/Gorinchem
20-year contract with the Société des Infrastructures de Réparation Navale
Savino Del Bene has acquired three companies of the Spanish Grupo Marítima Sureste
Florence/Valencia
The agreement involves Marítima Sureste Shipping, Marítima Sureste Spain and Transportes Gaypemar
Fim-Cisl, the meeting with Fincantieri regarding the Muggiano shipyard's prospects was positive.
La Spezia
The investments announced by management - the union noted - are going in the right direction.
Marabello is the new secretary general of the Strait of Messina Port Authority.
Messina
The assignment lasts four years
Rising energy costs weigh on Finnlines' latest quarterly financial statement.
Helsinki
Doepel: Burdens further increased by EU ETS implementation
Heavy lift vessel HMM Namu hit near the Strait of Hormuz
Seoul
The accident did not cause any casualties.
DFDS's quarterly financial performance deteriorates
Copenhagen
The fleet's rolling stock is growing. Passenger numbers are down 18%.
From May 21st to 23rd, Ravenna will host "Deportibus - The Festival of Ports Connecting the World."
Ravenna
Kalmar records quarterly decline in new orders
Helsinki
In the January-March period, revenues increased by +5%
Job openings are growing for the port companies of Trieste and Monfalcone.
Trieste
Delivery of a recognition plaque
In the first quarter of 2026, Costamare's revenues decreased by -5.3%
Monk
Orders confirmed for 12 new 9,200 TEU vessels and four 3,100 TEU vessels
ICTSI posts new quarterly financial and operating records
Manila
The results benefited from the contribution of the new BACT and DGT terminals
MSC to launch service between the Red Sea and Northern Europe via the Suez Canal
Geneva
Truck and feeder connections to Persian Gulf ports are planned
The first batch of cold ironing work has been awarded to the port of La Spezia.
La Spezia
The total investment is 41 million euros
Konecranes' turnover decreased by -7.7% in the first quarter of 2026.
Helsinki
The value of new orders acquired in the period remained unchanged
New ART provision on regulatory measures for the awarding of maritime cabotage services
Rome
New elements in the service award procedures
Appointment of the extraordinary commissioners of the Central Adriatic and Eastern Sicily Port Authority
Rome
Salvini asks the governors of Marche and Abruzzo to reach an agreement on Lega Nord's Carloni.
Confitarma welcomes the approval of the bill to enhance marine resources.
Rome
Zanetti: a further step in the direction long indicated by the Confederation
The 2025 financial statements of the Northern Tyrrhenian and Eastern Adriatic Port Authorities have been approved.
Livorno/Trieste
They were examined today by the Management Committees
Record quarterly freight traffic in Albanian ports
Tirana
In the first quarter of this year, almost 2.3 million tons were handled (+38.8%)
DSV records a decline in net profit of -41.7% in the first quarter
Hedehusene
Downturn due to extraordinary expenses for the merger with Schenker
The 2025 budget of the Southern Tyrrhenian and Ionian Sea Port Authority has been approved.
Gioia Tauro
Administrative surplus of 128.9 million euros
Filt, Fit and Uilt urge the Western Liguria Port Authority to focus on worker and safety issues
Genoa
A meeting of port workers next Tuesday
Rixi: Additional resources for the completion of Genoa's new breakwater.
Rome
They will be used for the consolidation of the seabed and for design adjustments
Chinese terminal operators COSCO Shipping Ports and CMPort report increased quarterly revenues.
Hong Kong
Increases determined by the greater volume of containers handled by port terminals
Dirk Jan Storm has been appointed president of PSA Italy
Genoa
He takes over from Marco Conforti, who has reached the end of his three-year term.
In the first three months of 2026, CIMC's container sales decreased by -10.5%
Hong Kong
Dry box sales dropped 13.3%. Reefer sales increased 30.2%.
PORTS
Italian Ports:
Ancona Genoa Ravenna
Augusta Gioia Tauro Salerno
Bari La Spezia Savona
Brindisi Leghorn Taranto
Cagliari Naples Trapani
Carrara Palermo Trieste
Civitavecchia Piombino Venice
Italian Interports: list World Ports: map
DATABASE
ShipownersShipbuilding and Shiprepairing Yards
ForwardersShip Suppliers
Shipping AgentsTruckers
MEETINGS
From May 21st to 23rd, Ravenna will host "Deportibus - The Festival of Ports Connecting the World."
Ravenna
Three days of round tables, conferences, interviews, meetings and shows to tell the story of the port
The public meeting of the Genoa freight forwarders' association will be held on April 27th.
Genoa
Appointment at the Stock Exchange Palace
››› Meetings File
PRESS REVIEW
Shipbuilding's Spring Illusion: Backbone Collapses
(The Chosun Daily)
Russian shipbuilding holding USC designing high ice-class container ship for Rosatom for Northern Sea Route
(Interfax)
››› Press Review File
FORUM of Shipping
and Logistics
Intervento del presidente Tomaso Cognolato
Roma, 19 giugno 2025
››› File
The Western Sicily Port Authority opens access to funds for the PNRR training program to entities with private contracts.
Palermo
Rhenus has acquired the entire capital of LBH Global Agencies
Holzwickede
51% stake acquired from the Lagendijk family
The Genoa Port Authority's 2025 report on ship emissions has been published.
Genoa
228 inspections carried out to verify nitrogen oxide emission levels
Assoporti's second traveling assembly in Bari
Bari
The first meeting held in Venice follows
APM Terminals and Hateco to Build Container Terminal in Da Nang Port
The Hague
It will have a capacity of 5.7 million TEUs. An investment of over $1.7 billion.
Cavotec records record orders in the maritime-port segment
Stockholm
Strong demand for shore power system installations
FS Logistix-ANITA launches its new Bologna-Marcianise freight rail service.
Rome
Perform four weekly rotations
Taiwanese Evergreen, Yang Ming and Wan Hai Lines saw quarterly revenue decline
Taipei/Keelung
In March, the decreases were -17.8%, -5.9% and -10.7% respectively.
Gianpaolo Serpagli is the new president of the Unione Interporti Riuniti.
Rome
He is president of Cepim Spa - Parma Interport
From GreenMedPorts a pragmatic approach to the development of green maritime corridors in the Mediterranean
Livorno
The concession term for APM Terminals' terminal in Valencia has been extended by eight years.
Valencia
It will expire in 2049 upon reaching 50 years
In the first quarter, freight traffic in Spanish ports decreased by -1.3%
Valencia/Madrid
Cruise passengers grow by +15.7%
Grimaldi has taken delivery of the PCTC Grande Inghilterra
Naples
The vessel has a maximum capacity of 9,000 TEUs
In 2025, Blu Navy ferries carried over one million passengers
Portoferraio
ABB Group revenues grew by 18% in the first quarter of 2026
Zurich
Strong increase (+32%) in the value of new orders
Contship Italia has joined the Smart Freight Centre
Melzo
The international organization is committed to the decarbonization of freight transport
Container traffic at CMPort terminals grew by 4.4% in the first quarter
Hong Kong
Record for this time of year
CargoBeamer has extended its Liège-Domodossola intermodal service to the Parma Interporto.
Leipzig
Six round trips per week were made
The antitrust authority has approved Medlog's acquisition of MVN.
Rome
The deadline for concluding the proceedings regarding the Messina-Terminal San Giorgio merger has been extended to May 27.
Fincantieri Marinette Marine shipyard to build aluminum naval drones
National Harbor
The autonomous naval vessels, weighing 250 tons, will be 52 meters long and have a maximum speed of 30 knots.
Truck driver hit and killed at a road haulage strike picket line
Rome
Trasportounito suspends the national shutdown of the sector
CK Hutchison reports record annual revenues in the port segment
Hong Kong
Turnover generated by European terminals grew by +13%
The public meeting of the Genoa freight forwarders' association will be held on April 27th.
Genoa
Meeting at the Stock Exchange Palace
The Grimaldi Group has taken delivery of the new Pure Car & Truck Carrier vessel Grande Tokyo.
Naples
It has a cargo capacity of 9,241 ceu
Falteri (Federlogistica): The crisis in the Persian Gulf does not justify such rapid and widespread increases in energy prices.
Genoa
GNV has introduced a former Moby ferry into its fleet
Genoa
The ship will undergo refitting operations
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